Alternate charging and discharging controller for two groups of storage batteries
By designing a two-group alternating charge and discharge controller for batteries, seamless switching between the two groups of batteries is achieved using solar panels and grid chargers. This solves the problem of insufficient charging of a single solar panel group, and improves system stability and battery life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, solar panels can only charge one set of batteries. In severe weather, they cannot meet the charging needs, resulting in battery depletion, which affects the power supply of equipment. Furthermore, they cannot achieve seamless switching between the two sets of batteries, which shortens the battery life.
Design a controller for alternating charge and discharge of two sets of batteries. Through voltage buffering, detection, analog-to-digital conversion and control circuits, the controller realizes the alternating charge and discharge control of the two sets of batteries. The controller uses solar panels and grid chargers to power the two sets of batteries and integrates charging relays and discharging relays to achieve seamless switching.
This system achieves stable and sensitive alternating charge and discharge control of the battery, improving battery life and reducing costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224037098U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to a controller for alternating charging and discharging of two sets of batteries, belonging to the field of battery charging technology. Background Technology
[0002] A storage battery is a device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Lead-acid batteries can be repeatedly charged and discharged. Currently, the technology of using solar panels to charge storage batteries is widely used. For example, navigational beacons and lighthouses at sea, unmanned weather stations without grid power, and communication base stations all rely on battery charging. However, current solar panels can only charge one set of batteries at a time. In severe weather conditions such as prolonged periods of overcast or rainy days, the solar panels cannot fully charge the batteries. This results in the batteries supplying power to equipment while undercharged for extended periods, leading to sulfation of the battery plates and shortening battery life. Furthermore, if solar panels are used to charge two sets of batteries unattended, the two sets cannot seamlessly switch power supply, causing equipment to malfunction. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a controller for alternating charge and discharge of two sets of batteries. It uses a simple circuit to achieve alternating charge and discharge control of two sets of batteries. The system is stable, the control is sensitive, the cost is low, and the service life of the batteries is improved, thus solving the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.
[0004] The technical solution of this utility model is:
[0005] A two-group battery alternating charge / discharge controller includes a voltage buffer unit 1, a voltage detection unit 1, an analog-to-digital converter unit 1, a control circuit, a switching circuit, a power supply cabinet, a charging power supply, a voltage buffer unit 2, a voltage detection unit 2, an analog-to-digital converter unit 2, a battery 1, a battery 2, a charging relay, and a discharging relay. Battery 1 is sequentially connected to the voltage buffer unit 1, the voltage detection unit 1, and the analog-to-digital converter unit 1. Battery 2 is sequentially connected to the voltage buffer unit 2, the voltage detection unit 2, and the analog-to-digital converter unit 2. The analog-to-digital converter unit 1 and the analog-to-digital converter unit 2 are jointly connected to the control circuit, the switching circuit, the charging relay, and the discharging relay. The control circuit and the switching circuit control the engagement and discharging of the charging relay and the discharging relay. The charging power supply is connected to battery 1 and battery 2 respectively through the normally closed and normally open contacts of the charging relay, forming a charging circuit. The normally closed and normally open contacts of the discharging relay are connected in series between battery 1, battery 2, and the power supply cabinet, forming a discharging circuit. The power supply cabinet supplies power to the electrical equipment.
[0006] Furthermore, the charging power source is a solar panel.
[0007] Furthermore, the charging power source is a grid charger.
[0008] Furthermore, the first and second batteries are arranged together in the computer room. The voltage buffer unit, the voltage detection unit, the analog-to-digital conversion unit, the control circuit, the switching circuit, the voltage buffer unit, the voltage detection unit, the analog-to-digital conversion unit, the charging relay, and the discharging relay are integrated with the power supply cabinet to form a control cabinet group, which is arranged in the computer room.
[0009] Working process: When the charging relay is in the released state (normally closed contact closed) and the discharging relay is in the energized state (normally open contact closed), the charging power supply charges battery one through the normally closed contact of the charging relay, and battery two discharges to the power supply cabinet through the normally open contact of the discharging relay. When battery one is fully charged, voltage buffer unit one, voltage detection unit one, and analog-to-digital converter one convert the detected signal into a digital signal and input it into the control circuit and switching circuit to control the charging relay to energize and simultaneously control the discharging relay to release. The charging power supply then charges battery two through the normally open contact of the charging relay, and battery one discharges to the power supply cabinet through the normally closed contact of the discharging relay. When battery two is fully charged, voltage buffer unit two, voltage detection unit two, and analog-to-digital converter two convert the detected signal into a digital signal and input it into the control circuit and switching circuit to control the charging relay to release and simultaneously control the discharging relay to energize, and this cycle repeats continuously.
[0010] The voltage buffer unit 1, voltage detection unit 1, analog-to-digital conversion unit 1, control circuit, switching circuit, power supply cabinet, charging power supply, voltage buffer unit 2, voltage detection unit 2, analog-to-digital conversion unit 2, battery 1, battery 2, charging relay and discharging relay 2 involved in this utility model are all well-known public electronic devices and equipment in this field.
[0011] The positive effects of this invention are: it uses a simple circuit to achieve alternating charging and discharging control of two sets of batteries, the system is stable, the control is sensitive, the cost is low, and the service life of the batteries is improved. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of this utility model;
[0014] In the diagram: Voltage buffer unit 101, voltage detection unit 102, analog-to-digital conversion unit 103, control circuit 104, switching circuit 105, power supply cabinet 108, charging power supply 109, voltage buffer unit 201, voltage detection unit 202, analog-to-digital conversion unit 203, battery 1B1, battery 2B2, charging relay K1, and discharging relay 2K2. Detailed Implementation
[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
[0016] A two-group battery alternating charge / discharge controller includes a voltage buffer unit 101, a voltage detection unit 102, an analog-to-digital converter 103, a control circuit 104, a switching circuit 105, a power supply cabinet 108, a charging power supply 109, a second voltage buffer unit 201, a second voltage detection unit 202, an second analog-to-digital converter 203, a first battery B1, a second battery B2, a charging relay K1, and a discharging relay K2. The first battery B1 is sequentially connected to the voltage buffer unit 101, the voltage detection unit 102, and the second analog-to-digital converter 103, and the second battery B2 is sequentially connected to the second voltage buffer unit 201, the voltage detection unit 202, and the second analog-to-digital converter 203. 3. Analog-to-digital conversion unit 103 and analog-to-digital conversion unit 203 are connected in sequence to control circuit 104, switching circuit 105, charging relay K1, and discharging relay K2. Control circuit 104 and switching circuit 105 control the activation and deactivation of charging relay K1 and discharging relay K2. Charging power supply 109 is connected to battery 1 B1 and battery 2 B2 respectively through normally closed contact K1-1 and normally open contact K1-2 of charging relay K1 to form a charging circuit. Normally closed contact K2-1 and normally open contact K2-2 of discharging relay K2 are connected in series between battery 1 B1, battery 2 B2, and power supply cabinet 108 to form a discharging circuit. Power supply cabinet 108 supplies power to electrical equipment.
[0017] Preferably, the charging power supply 109 is a solar panel or a grid charger.
[0018] The storage battery B1 and storage battery B2 are arranged together in the computer room. The voltage buffer unit 101, voltage detection unit 102, analog-to-digital conversion unit 103, control circuit 104, switching circuit 105, voltage buffer unit 201, voltage detection unit 202, analog-to-digital conversion unit 203, charging relay K1 and discharging relay K2 are integrated with the power supply cabinet 108 to form a control cabinet group, which is arranged in the computer room.
[0019] Operating process: When charging relay K1 is in the released state (normally closed contact K1-1 is closed) and discharging relay K2 is in the energized state (normally open contact K2-2 is closed), charging power supply 109 charges battery B1 through the normally closed contact K1-1 of charging relay K1, and battery B2 discharges to power supply cabinet 108 through the normally open contact K2-2 of discharging relay K2. When battery B1 is fully charged, voltage buffer unit 101, voltage detection unit 102, and analog-to-digital conversion unit 103 convert the detected signal into a digital signal and input it to control circuit 104 and switching circuit 105. The system controls the charging relay K1 to engage and the discharging relay K2 to disengage. The charging power supply 109 charges the second battery B2 through the normally open contact K1-2 of the charging relay K1, and the first battery B1 discharges to the power supply cabinet 108 through the normally closed contact K2-1 of the discharging relay K2. When the second battery B2 is fully charged, the voltage buffer unit 201, the voltage detection unit 202, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit 203 convert the detected signal into a digital signal and input it into the control circuit 104 and the switching circuit 105, thereby controlling the charging relay K1 to disengage and the discharging relay K2 to engage, and so on.
[0020] In this embodiment, voltage buffer unit 101 and voltage buffer unit 201 have identical circuits, consisting of a filter circuit composed of resistor R1, capacitor C1, resistor R4, and capacitor C2. Voltage detection unit 102 and voltage detection unit 202 have identical circuits, consisting of a voltage regulator IC chip and diode D. Analog-to-digital converter unit 103 and analog-to-digital converter unit 203 have identical circuits, consisting of a voltage comparator composed of operational amplifiers.
[0021] The control circuit 104 uses the well-known NE555 chip as the battery alternating charge and discharge control module.
[0022] The switching circuit 105 consists of a charging control circuit composed of resistor R7, transistor Q1, and charging relay K1, and a discharging control circuit composed of resistor R8, transistor Q2, and discharging relay K2.
[0023] When the charging relay K1 is released, and battery B1 is being charged, points a and c of the charging circuit are connected, while points c and b are disconnected. When the discharging relay K2 is activated, and battery B1 is being charged, points a and d of the discharging circuit are disconnected, while points d and b are connected, allowing battery B2 to discharge to the power supply cabinet 108. Conversely, when battery B2 is being charged, the charging relay K1 is activated, points a and c are disconnected, and points c and b are connected, allowing the solar panel to charge battery B2 via diode D5 and points c and b. At this time, the discharging relay K2 is released and does not operate, points a and d are connected, and battery B1 discharges to the power supply cabinet 108.
[0024] The working principle of the charging control process of this utility model is as follows: The charging power supply 109 is a solar panel. When the battery B1 is charging, the charging voltage a is input to the voltage buffer unit 101 composed of resistor R1 and capacitor C1. After a short time, the voltage across capacitor C1 is stable. After the battery B1 has been charging for a long time, the voltage across capacitor C1 gradually rises until it reaches the nominal voltage of the battery B1 (12V in this example). The voltage of capacitor C1 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator IC1. The output voltage of IC1 is connected to pin 6 of IC3. If the voltage input to pin 6 of IC3 is higher than the reference voltage at pin 5, pin 7 of IC3 will output less than 1 / 3VC. When this voltage less than 1 / 3VC is applied to pin 2 of IC4 and set to "1", the output terminal 3 of IC4 is at a high potential. This high potential turns on transistor Q1, and charging relay K1 is energized. The normally closed contact K1-1 of charging relay K1 changes from normally closed to normally open, and points a and c are disconnected, and the battery B1 stops charging. When the normally open contact K1-2 of the charging relay K1 closes, it automatically charges the second battery B2. Because the charging relay K1 is energized, the transistor Q2 is cut off, and the discharge relay K2 is released and stops working. The normally closed contact K2-1 of the discharge relay K2 closes, and the first battery B1 discharges into the power supply cabinet 108.
[0025] When battery B2 is charging, the voltage buffer unit 201, composed of resistor R4 and capacitor C2, inputs the charging voltage b. After a short time, the voltage across capacitor C2 stabilizes. After a long charging period, the voltage across capacitor C2 gradually rises until it reaches the nominal voltage of battery B2 (12V in this example). At this point, the voltage of capacitor C2 is connected to the input terminal of voltage regulator IC2. The output voltage of IC2 is connected to pin 3 of IC3. If the voltage at pin 3 is higher than the reference voltage at pin 2, pin 1 of IC3 outputs a high pulse greater than 2 / 3VC. When this high pulse is connected to pin 6 of IC4 and set to "0", the output of pin 3 of IC4 is low. This causes transistor Q1 to be cut off through resistor R7. After charging relay K1 is released, it stops working. The normally closed contact K1-1 of charging relay K1 is connected, and battery B1 starts charging again. Since transistor Q1 is cut off and transistor Q2 is turned on, discharge relay K2 is energized. The normally closed contact K2-1 of discharge relay K2 is opened, while the normally open contact K2-2 is closed. At this time, battery B2 discharges to power supply cabinet 108.
[0026] The above describes the alternating charging and discharging principle of the two sets of batteries. When battery B1 is charging, battery B2 is discharging, and vice versa.
[0027] Battery charging process: When the battery is charged by an external power source, the positive terminal of the power source is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. This causes the lead sulfate in the electrolyte to undergo different chemical reactions at the anode and cathode, and be reduced to lead dioxide and spongy lead respectively. At the same time, the concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte gradually increases and the water content gradually decreases. The battery stores electrical energy, which is preserved from the formation of chemical energy.
[0028] Battery discharge process: When the battery is connected to a load (power supply cabinet), the lead dioxide on the positive plate and the spongy lead on the negative plate react chemically with the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to produce lead sulfate and water. At the same time, electrons are generated on the positive and negative plates. Under the action of the electric field, the electrons flow from the negative plate to the positive plate through the conductor, forming a current on the load.
Claims
1. A controller for alternating charge and discharge of two sets of batteries, characterized in that: The system includes a voltage buffer unit 1 (101), a voltage detection unit 1 (102), an analog-to-digital converter unit 1 (103), a control circuit (104), a switching circuit (105), a power supply cabinet (108), a charging power supply (109), a voltage buffer unit 2 (201), a voltage detection unit 2 (202), an analog-to-digital converter unit 2 (203), a storage battery 1 (B1), a storage battery 2 (B2), a charging relay (K1), and a discharging relay (K2). The storage battery 1 (B1) is connected in sequence to the voltage buffer unit 1 (101), the voltage detection unit 1 (102), and the analog-to-digital converter unit 1 (103). The storage battery 2 (B2) is connected in sequence to the voltage buffer unit 2 (201), the voltage detection unit 2 (202), and the analog-to-digital converter unit 2 (203). The analog-to-digital converter unit 1... (103) and the second analog-to-digital conversion unit (203) are connected in sequence to the control circuit (104), the switching circuit (105), the charging relay (K1), and the discharging relay (K2); the control circuit (104) and the switching circuit (105) control the charging relay (K1) and the discharging relay (K2) to engage and disengage; the charging power supply (109) is connected to the first battery (B1) and the second battery (B2) respectively through the normally closed contact (K1-1) and normally open contact (K1-2) of the charging relay (K1) to form a charging circuit; the normally closed contact (K2-1) and normally open contact (K2-2) of the discharging relay (K2) are connected in series between the first battery (B1), the second battery (B2) and the power supply cabinet (108) to form a discharging circuit; the power supply cabinet (108) supplies power to the electrical equipment.
2. The alternating charge and discharge controller for two sets of batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging power source (109) is a solar panel.
3. The alternating charge and discharge controller for two sets of batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging power supply (109) is a grid charger.
4. A two-group battery alternating charge / discharge controller according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The first battery (B1) and the second battery (B2) are arranged together in the computer room. The voltage buffer unit (101), voltage detection unit (102), analog-to-digital conversion unit (103), control circuit (104), switch circuit (105), voltage buffer unit (201), voltage detection unit (202), analog-to-digital conversion unit (203), charging relay (K1) and discharging relay (K2) are integrated with the power supply cabinet (108) to form a control cabinet group, which is arranged in the computer room.