Three-dimensional printer

Abstract

The utility model provides a three-dimensional printer which comprises a shell, a nozzle adjusting mechanism, a printing nozzle assembly, a printing platform adjusting mechanism, a multidirectional intelligent air cooling system, a double-area heating assembly and a spool connecting support are arranged in the shell, and the spool connecting support is fixed through a cross beam top plate. The multi-direction intelligent air cooling system comprises a plurality of top direct blowing nozzles, side blowing nozzles, bottom back blowing nozzles and a temperature sensing assembly, and the double-area heating assembly comprises a heating ring arranged at the lower end of the printing spray head assembly and two heaters arranged below the printing platform adjusting mechanism. The multi-direction air cooling system has the advantages that model buckling deformation caused by thermal stress is reduced through three-dimensional air flow circulation and temperature feedback, cooling uniformity is improved, local heating of a spray head and preheating of a platform are achieved through double-area heating, and interlayer bonding strength and first-layer adhesive force are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model mainly relates to the field of 3D printing technology, specifically to a three-dimensional printer. Background Technology

[0002] As an additive manufacturing device, 3D printers construct three-dimensional entities by depositing materials (such as plastics and metal wires) layer by layer. They are widely used in manufacturing, medical, and educational fields. The core working principle is as follows: the print head extrudes molten material and deposits it onto the printing platform. The relative movement between the print head and the platform completes the layer printing, and finally, the layers are stacked to form a complete model. In this process, the coordinated control of the cooling and heating systems is crucial. The cooling system must ensure that the molten material solidifies quickly and dissipates heat evenly to avoid thermal stress causing model deformation. The heating system must maintain a stable temperature of the print head nozzles and preheat the printing platform to enhance the adhesion of the first layer.

[0003] During the actual implementation process, the inventors discovered the following defects:

[0004] However, existing technologies still have room for improvement in terms of temperature control accuracy, structural design, and ease of operation. Existing 3D printers generally suffer from limited cooling system functionality and heating control limitations. Traditional equipment often uses top-side air cooling or axial side-blowing structures, resulting in insufficient airflow circulation in the printing area. For suspended structures, large-sized models, or complex curved surfaces, local overheating can easily lead to interlayer stress concentration, resulting in warping, cracking, or dimensional deviations after cooling. Furthermore, the printhead does not provide secondary heating to the already printed bottom layer surface, leading to insufficient interfacial bonding strength between the upper molten material and the lower cured layer, which can easily cause delamination and peeling.

[0005] It should be noted that the above content falls within the scope of the inventor's technical knowledge. Due to the vast and complex nature of the technical content in this field, the above content of this application does not necessarily constitute prior art. Utility Model Content

[0006] 1. The technical problem to be solved by the utility model:

[0007] This invention provides a 3D printer to solve the technical problems existing in the background art.

[0008] 2. Technical Solution:

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows: a 3D printer, comprising a housing, wherein the housing is provided with a nozzle adjustment mechanism, a print nozzle assembly, a print platform adjustment mechanism, a multi-directional intelligent air cooling system, a dual-zone heating assembly, and a spool connecting bracket, the spool connecting bracket being fixed by a top plate of a crossbeam, the multi-directional intelligent air cooling system including multiple top direct-blowing nozzles, side-blowing nozzles, bottom return-blowing nozzles, and a temperature sensing assembly, the dual-zone heating assembly including a heating ring disposed at the lower end of the print nozzle assembly, and two heaters disposed below the print platform adjustment mechanism, the heating ring being sleeved on the outside of the print nozzle of the print nozzle assembly by elastic grippers, the print platform adjustment mechanism including a Y-axis linear guide rail and a moving platform, the moving platform being provided with a metal construction plate magnetically connected thereto, and the front end of the moving platform being provided with a nozzle scraper and a consumable collection box.

[0010] Furthermore, multiple top direct-blowing nozzles are fixed to the top plate of the crossbeam, and multiple bottom return-blowing nozzles are embedded in the printing platform adjustment mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the number of the multiple side-blowing nozzles is two, which are fixed to both sides of the nozzle adjustment mechanism by connecting plates.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature sensing component includes multiple temperature sensors and is disposed inside the housing around the printing platform adjustment mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, both the metal structural plate and the moving platform are provided with through holes corresponding to the bottom return nozzles, and heat insulation sleeves are provided inside the through holes.

[0014] Furthermore, the lower end of the mobile platform is slidably connected to the Y-axis linear guide rail via a slider, and the two heaters are fixed to the lower end of the slider.

[0015] Furthermore, the printhead adjustment mechanism includes a Z-axis linear guide rail and an X-axis linear guide rail, the printhead assembly is connected to the X-axis linear guide rail, and the side-blowing nozzle is fixed at both ends of the X-axis linear guide rail.

[0016] 3. Beneficial effects:

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The multi-directional air cooling system reduces model warping deformation caused by thermal stress and improves cooling uniformity through three-dimensional airflow circulation and temperature feedback;

[0019] 2. Dual-zone heating enables localized heating of the nozzle and preheating of the platform, enhancing interlayer bonding strength and first-layer adhesion;

[0020] 3. The magnetic platform facilitates model disassembly, while the scraper and collection box simplify consumable cleaning, improving printing efficiency and finished product quality.

[0021] It should be noted that the structures not described in this utility model are the same as or can be implemented using existing technology, and will not be elaborated here, as they do not involve the design points and improvement directions of this utility model. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is another overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model from another angle;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0027] Figure label:

[0028] 1. Housing; 2. Nozzle adjustment mechanism; 201. Z-axis linear guide rail; 202. X-axis linear guide rail; 3. Printer nozzle assembly; 4. Printing platform adjustment mechanism; 401. Y-axis linear guide rail; 402. Moving platform; 403. Metal structural plate; 404. Nozzle scraper; 405. Consumable collection box; 5. Multi-directional intelligent air cooling system; 501. Top direct-blowing nozzle; 502. Side-blowing nozzle; 503. Bottom back-blowing nozzle; 504. Connecting plate; 6. Dual-zone heating assembly; 601. Heating ring; 602. Heater; 603. Elastic gripper; 7. Spool connecting bracket; 8. Top plate of crossbeam. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To facilitate understanding of this utility model, a more comprehensive description of the utility model will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show several embodiments of the utility model. However, the utility model can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of the utility model will be more thorough and complete.

[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "page", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0031] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," "fixed," "provided with," and "located in" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances. Example

[0033] See attached document Figure 1-5 A 3D printer includes a closed housing 1. Inside the housing 1, a nozzle adjustment mechanism 2, a print nozzle assembly 3, a print platform adjustment mechanism 4, a multi-directional intelligent air cooling system 5, a dual-zone heating assembly 6, and a spool connecting bracket 7 are integrated in a modular layout. The spool connecting bracket 7 is rigidly connected to a crossbeam top plate 8 by bolts. The crossbeam top plate 8 is horizontally mounted on the inner top wall of the housing 1, providing a stable support point for the spool and ensuring that the printing consumables can be evenly delivered to the print nozzle assembly 3 by gravity or tension. The lower end of the crossbeam top plate 8 is fixed to the top of the print platform adjustment mechanism 4 to form a vertical support.

[0034] The multi-directional intelligent air cooling system 5 serves as a cooling device, comprising multiple top direct-blowing nozzles 501, side-blowing nozzles 502, bottom return-blowing nozzles 503, and temperature sensing components. It is connected to an external air source through pipes and can blow cool air with a controllable flow rate into the printing area.

[0035] The dual-zone heating assembly 6 includes dual heating units distributed vertically. The heating ring 601 is held tightly to the outside of the print head assembly 3 by elastic grippers 603 and can move synchronously with the print head. The two heaters 602 are fixed to the bottom of the printing platform adjustment mechanism 4 by screws and are electrically connected to the external power supply and temperature control module.

[0036] The printing platform adjustment mechanism 4 consists of a Y-axis linear guide rail 401 and a moving platform 402. The moving platform 402 is slidably connected to the Y-axis linear guide rail 401 via a bottom slider and can reciprocate along the Y-axis. The upper surface of the moving platform 402 is detachably connected to the metal component plate 403 via a magnetic structure, which facilitates quick disassembly of the model after printing. Its front end is fixed with a nozzle scraper 404 for cleaning residual consumables from the printhead and a consumable collection box 405 by bolts. The consumable collection box 405 is located below the nozzle scraper 404 and is used to collect waste.

[0037] Multiple top direct-blowing nozzles 501 are arrayed and fixed to the lower surface of the top plate 8 of the crossbeam, with the nozzle outlets vertically facing the printing platform area, providing vertical cooling to the top of the model during printing. Multiple bottom return-blowing nozzles 503 are embedded below the moving platform 402 of the printing platform adjustment mechanism 4, passing through the through holes of the platform, with their outlets facing upwards and corresponding to the through holes on the metal component plate 403, forming an upward airflow loop. Two side-blowing nozzles 502 are fixed to both sides of the nozzle adjustment mechanism 2 via connecting plates 504, moving synchronously with the Z-axis movement of the nozzle adjustment mechanism 2, providing dynamic cooling to the sides of the model and preventing local overheating. Specifically, the two side-blowing nozzles 502 are fixed to both ends of the X-axis linear guide rail 202. During the printing process, the printed areas in front of and on both sides of the nozzle are cooled in real time by side blowing to ensure that the molten material solidifies and sets quickly, while avoiding the thermal impact of the high temperature of the nozzle on the surrounding formed structure. The exhaust direction of the side blowing nozzle 502 can be finely adjusted by the installation angle of the connecting plate 504 to adapt to the cooling requirements of different printing heights and model sizes. The temperature sensing component includes multiple thermocouples or infrared temperature sensors, which are arranged circumferentially around the printing platform adjustment mechanism on the inner wall of the housing 1 to monitor the temperature changes of the printing area in real time. The exhaust volume and flow rate of each nozzle are adjusted through feedback signals to achieve balanced temperature control during printing and rapid and uniform cooling after printing, effectively reducing warping or deformation of the model caused by thermal stress.

[0038] Both the metal component plate 403 and the moving platform 402 have circular through holes corresponding to the bottom return nozzle 503. The inner wall of the through hole is fitted with a high-temperature resistant heat insulation sleeve. While ensuring the airflow at the bottom, the heat of the heater 602 below the platform is conducted upwards, avoiding affecting the cooling efficiency of the air cooling system. The slider at the lower end of the moving platform 402 and the Y-axis linear guide rail 401 are connected by low friction through balls or rollers to ensure the platform's motion accuracy.

[0039] Two heaters 602 are fixed to the lower end of the slider and located directly below the moving platform 402. They preheat the metal component plate 403 before printing, so that the substrate reaches the preset temperature, reducing the temperature difference between the first layer and the platform, improving the adhesion of the model, and preventing edge warping. The heating ring 601 serves as an auxiliary heating unit for the nozzle. During the layered printing process, it performs local secondary heating on the bottom surface of the current layer, so that the upper molten material and the lower solidified surface form a stronger molecular bond, enhancing the interlayer bonding strength and improving the overall structural stability of the model.

[0040] The printhead adjustment mechanism 2 includes a vertically arranged Z-axis linear guide rail 201 and a horizontally arranged X-axis linear guide rail 202. The X-axis linear guide rail 202 is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail 202 via a slider, and can move up and down along the Z-axis. The printhead assembly 3 is fixedly connected to the slider of the X-axis guide rail 202 via a mounting base, and moves horizontally with the X-axis guide rail 202, thereby realizing the two-dimensional positioning of the printhead in the XZ plane.

[0041] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of certain implementations of this utility model, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional printer comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: The shell (1) is provided with a nozzle adjusting mechanism (2), a printing nozzle assembly (3), a printing platform adjusting mechanism (4), a multi-directional intelligent air cooling system (5), a double-zone heating assembly (6) and a spool connecting support (7), the spool connecting support (7) is fixed through a cross beam top plate (8), the multi-directional intelligent air cooling system (5) comprises a plurality of top direct blowing nozzles (501), side blowing nozzles (502), bottom back blowing nozzles (503) and a temperature sensing assembly, the double-zone heating assembly (6) comprises a heating ring (601) arranged at the lower end of the printing nozzle assembly (3), and two heaters (602) arranged below the printing platform adjusting mechanism (4), the heating ring (601) is sleeved outside the nozzle of the printing nozzle assembly (3) through elastic clamping jaws (603), the printing platform adjusting mechanism (4) comprises a Y-axis linear guide rail (401) and a moving platform (402), the moving platform (402) is provided with a metal build plate (403) magnetically connected thereto, and the moving platform (402) is provided with a nozzle scraper (404) and a consumable collecting box (405) at the front end.

2. The three-dimensional printer of claim 1, wherein: A plurality of the top direct blowing nozzles (501) are fixed on the cross beam top plate (8), and a plurality of the bottom back blowing nozzles (503) are embedded in the printing platform adjusting mechanism (4).

3. The three-dimensional printer of claim 1, wherein: A plurality of the side blowing nozzles (502) are two in number and are fixed on both sides of the nozzle adjusting mechanism (2) through a connecting plate (504).

4. The three-dimensional printer of claim 1, wherein: The temperature sensing assembly comprises a plurality of temperature sensors and is arranged on the inside of the shell (1) around the printing platform adjusting mechanism (4).

5. The three-dimensional printer of claim 1, wherein: The metal build plate (403) and the moving platform (402) are both provided with through holes corresponding to the bottom back blowing nozzles (503), and the through holes are provided with heat insulation sleeves.

6. The three-dimensional printer of claim 1, wherein: The lower end of the moving platform (402) is slidably connected to the Y-axis linear guide rail (401) through a sliding block, and the two heaters (602) are fixed to the lower end of the sliding block.

7. The three-dimensional printer of claim 1, wherein: The nozzle adjusting mechanism (2) comprises a Z-axis linear guide rail (201) and an X-axis linear guide rail (202), the printing nozzle assembly (3) is connected to the X-axis linear guide rail (202), and the side blowing nozzles (502) are fixed to both ends of the X-axis linear guide rail (202).

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