Waterproof and fireproof composite decorative plate
Through multi-layer structural design and special material combination, the problems of fire resistance, water resistance and structural strength of composite decorative panels are solved, achieving high-performance fire resistance, water resistance and decorative effect, and improving the overall stability and service life of the panels.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing composite decorative panels have problems in terms of insufficient fire resistance, poor waterproof performance, and insufficient structural strength. They cannot effectively prevent the spread of flames or prevent water vapor from accumulating and causing mold. They are also prone to deformation or cracking under external impact.
The design employs a multi-layer structure, including a base layer, a fire-retardant layer, a waterproof and breathable membrane layer, and a decorative surface layer. It combines a reinforced honeycomb aluminum core structure, fire-resistant reinforcing ribs, and a nano-hydrophobic coating. A fire barrier is formed by a specially formulated fire-retardant layer and trapezoidal cross-section reinforcing ribs. Waterproof and breathable properties are achieved by using a waterproof and breathable membrane layer and a nano-hydrophobic coating. The double-layer staggered base layer and mortise and tenon joint structure enhance the structural stability.
It achieves excellent fire resistance, water resistance and decorative properties, significantly improves the strength and compressive strength of the board, ensures excellent waterproof and breathable properties and the stability of the overall structure, and ensures long-term stable use in various environments.
Smart Images
Figure CN224078555U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of decorative panel technology, specifically a waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel. Background Technology
[0002] With modern buildings demanding increasing safety and aesthetics, the market demand for composite decorative panels that integrate waterproofing, fireproofing, and decorative functions continues to grow. While some waterproof and fireproof composite materials have emerged for traditional decorative panels, the following problems still exist;
[0003] 1. Insufficient fire resistance: Although some composite materials contain flame retardants, the flame retardant effect is limited in high-temperature environments, failing to effectively prevent the spread of flames and easily producing toxic gases, posing a threat to personnel safety; 2. Poor waterproof performance: Traditional waterproof materials usually adopt a dense structure, which can block liquid water penetration, but also hinders the diffusion of water vapor, causing moisture to accumulate inside the board, leading to problems such as mold and deformation, and affecting service life; 3. Insufficient structural strength: When subjected to external impacts or structural stress, existing composite materials may deform or crack, affecting their safety and durability. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing technical solutions, this utility model provides a waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel, which can effectively solve the problems raised in the background technology.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is:
[0006] A waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel includes a substrate layer, a fireproof and flame-retardant layer, a waterproof and breathable membrane layer, and a decorative surface layer disposed on the substrate layer. A reinforced honeycomb aluminum core structure is disposed between the substrate layer and the fireproof and flame-retardant layer. Several fireproof reinforcing ribs with trapezoidal cross sections are disposed at intervals on the outer surface of the fireproof and flame-retardant layer. A nano-hydrophobic coating is disposed on the surface of the waterproof and breathable structure. The reinforced honeycomb aluminum core structure is composed of corrugated connecting pieces and several regular hexagonal honeycomb units arranged in an array. Adjacent honeycomb units are connected by connecting pieces. The honeycomb units are filled with flame-retardant polyurethane foam.
[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution, the fireproof and flame-retardant layer is composed of the following components by weight: 30-45 parts of modified aluminum hydroxide, 15-25 parts of expanded graphite, 10-18 parts of calcium silicate fiber, and 5-12 parts of ceramic microspheres. After each component is pressed and molded at high temperature, an interlocking structure is formed on the surface.
[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution, the substrate layer is a double-layer staggered paving structure, the substrate layer includes a bamboo and wood fiber layer and an inorganic glass magnesium board layer that are laid perpendicularly to each other, and the surface of the bamboo and wood fiber layer is provided with equally spaced guide grooves.
[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution, the decorative surface layer includes a waterproof primer layer, a three-dimensional texture layer and a UV-cured protective film arranged sequentially from bottom to top, and the surface of the three-dimensional texture layer is provided with staggered V-shaped water-guiding grooves.
[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution, the four sides of the substrate layer are provided with a tenon and mortise connection structure. The tenon and mortise connection structure includes an integrally formed dovetail tenon on the long side and a dovetail groove corresponding to the short side. A fireproof sealing strip is embedded inside the dovetail tenon.
[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution, the inclination angle of the fireproof reinforcing rib is 55-65°, the distance between two adjacent fireproof reinforcing ribs is 30-50mm, and the top of the fireproof reinforcing rib is provided with a semi-circular guide protrusion.
[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution, the thickness of the waterproof and breathable membrane layer is 0.5-1.2mm, the waterproof and breathable membrane layer is formed by hot pressing of ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and polyester fiber base fabric, the surface porosity of the waterproof and breathable membrane layer is 85%-92%, and the pore size range is 0.1-0.3μm.
[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution, the nano-hydrophobic coating is a composite coating of fluorocarbon resin and nano-silica, and the surface of the nano-hydrophobic coating forms a micron-scale papillary structure with a height of 5-8 μm and a spacing of 10-15 μm.
[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution, an L-shaped fireproof sealing strip is also provided on the side of the substrate layer. The fireproof sealing strip is embedded with a fire-expanding graphite strip, and the fireproof sealing strip is covered with a silicone rubber sealing layer.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0016] The waterproof and fireproof composite decorative board of this utility model has at least one of the following beneficial effects during use:
[0017] Through the synergistic effect of its multi-layered structure, superior fire resistance, waterproofing, and decorative performance are achieved. The reinforced honeycomb aluminum core structure significantly enhances the strength and compressive strength of the panels, while the flame-retardant polyurethane foam filling further strengthens fire resistance. A specially formulated fire-retardant layer, combined with trapezoidal cross-section fire-resistant reinforcing ribs and top drainage protrusions, forms an effective fire barrier and heat dissipation channel. The combination of a waterproof and breathable membrane layer and a nano-hydrophobic coating ensures excellent waterproofing and breathability, preventing internal water accumulation and mold growth. The double-layered staggered substrate layer and unique mortise and tenon joint structure enhance the overall structural stability and ease of installation. The decorative surface layer is not only aesthetically pleasing, but the V-shaped water-guiding channels further enhance waterproofing. Details such as L-shaped fire-resistant edge banding and fire-resistant sealing strips further improve fire safety and overall sealing, ensuring the long-term stability and reliable use of the decorative panels in various environments, thus meeting the demands of modern architecture for high-performance decorative materials. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to this utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of the first part of a waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to this utility model.
[0020] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the second part of a waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to this utility model;
[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the protective flame-retardant layer structure of a waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to this utility model;
[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the substrate layer of a waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to this utility model.
[0023] Numbering on the map:
[0024] 1. Substrate layer; 101. Mortise and tenon connection structure; 102. Reinforced honeycomb aluminum core structure; 103. Honeycomb unit; 104. Connecting piece; 105. Bamboo and wood fiber layer; 106. Inorganic magnesium oxide board layer; 2. Fireproof and flame-retardant layer; 201. Fireproof reinforcing rib; 202. Interlocking structure; 3. Waterproof and breathable membrane layer; 4. Decorative surface layer; 401. Waterproof primer layer; 402. Three-dimensional texture layer; 403. UV-cured protective film. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0026] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this utility model provides a waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel, including a substrate layer 1, a fireproof and flame-retardant layer 2, a waterproof and breathable membrane layer 3, and a decorative surface layer 4 disposed on the substrate layer 1. A reinforced honeycomb aluminum core structure 102 is disposed between the substrate layer 1 and the fireproof and flame-retardant layer 2. Several fireproof reinforcing ribs 201 with trapezoidal cross sections are disposed at intervals on the outer surface of the fireproof and flame-retardant layer 2. The surface of the waterproof and breathable structure is provided with a nano-hydrophobic coating. The reinforced honeycomb aluminum core structure 102 is composed of corrugated connecting pieces 104 and several regular hexagonal honeycomb units 103 arranged in an array. Two adjacent honeycomb units 103 are connected by connecting pieces 104. The honeycomb units 103 are filled with flame-retardant polyurethane foam.
[0027] This embodiment utilizes a four-layer composite structure to form a synergistic protection system. The substrate layer 1 provides basic support, the reinforcing ribs in the fire-retardant layer 2 and the honeycomb aluminum core form a three-dimensional fire barrier, and the waterproof and breathable membrane layer 3 achieves the dual functions of liquid water barrier and moisture expulsion. The corrugated connecting piece 104 of the honeycomb aluminum core is designed to deform and absorb stress when heated, and the flame-retardant foam filling expands and seals the honeycomb unit 103 when exposed to fire. The honeycomb structure can slow down the flame spread rate (flame spread index ≤25 in combustion tests), the breathable membrane layer remains impermeable for 24 hours under 0.1MPa water pressure, and the honeycomb core layer increases the bending strength to 38MPa (200% higher than traditional boards).
[0028] This embodiment utilizes a three-dimensional protection system consisting of a honeycomb core layer, reinforcing ribs, and a flow channel to simultaneously address fire resistance, waterproofing, and structural deformation. The synergistic effect of the quaternary composite flame-retardant system and the nano-hydrophobic coating enables key performance indicators to exceed industry standards by more than 30%. The hot-press composite molding process achieves a high-strength bond between the five layers of heterogeneous materials. The combination of the flow channel structure and the sealing system ensures that the product maintains stability under extreme environments (temperature -40 to 150°C, humidity 100%).
[0029] Furthermore, the fireproof and flame-retardant layer 2 is composed of the following components by weight: 30-45 parts of modified aluminum hydroxide, 15-25 parts of expanded graphite, 10-18 parts of calcium silicate fiber, and 5-12 parts of ceramic microspheres. After each component is pressed and molded at high temperature, an interlocking structure 202 is formed on the surface.
[0030] Modified aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) decomposes endothermally at 200℃, expanded graphite expands 50 times in volume at 300℃ to form a dense carbon layer, calcium silicate fibers maintain structural integrity, and ceramic microspheres reflect 80% of thermal radiation. The interlocking structure 202 enables an interlayer bonding strength of 2.5 MPa.
[0031] Furthermore, the substrate layer 1 is a double-layer staggered paving structure. The substrate layer 1 includes a bamboo and wood fiber layer 105 and an inorganic glass magnesium board layer 106 that are laid perpendicularly and crosswise. The surface of the bamboo and wood fiber layer 105 is provided with equally spaced guide grooves.
[0032] The bamboo and wood fiber layer 105 (longitudinal elastic modulus 8GPa) and the glass magnesium board (transverse flexural strength 15MPa) are orthogonally laid to make the anisotropy difference <15%. The guide groove (groove depth 0.5mm, spacing 10mm) controls the moisture content change rate of the board to ±0.3% / 24h. The difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the two layers is <5×10^-6 / ℃, avoiding temperature cracking.
[0033] Furthermore, the decorative surface layer 4 includes a waterproof primer layer 401, a three-dimensional texture layer 402, and a UV-cured protective film 403 arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The surface of the three-dimensional texture layer 402 is provided with staggered V-shaped water-guiding grooves.
[0034] The waterproof primer layer 401 (polyurethane modified epoxy resin) forms a 0.05mm continuous film layer, the V-shaped water guide groove (60° groove angle, 0.3mm depth) makes the surface water contact angle reach 155°, and the UV protective film (3H hardness) improves the wear resistance to 5000 cycles without scratches.
[0035] Furthermore, the four sides of the substrate layer 1 are provided with mortise and tenon connection structures 101. The mortise and tenon connection structure 101 includes an integrally formed dovetail tenon on the long side and a dovetail groove corresponding to the short side. The dovetail tenon is inlaid with a fireproof sealing strip.
[0036] The dovetail tenon with a 1:5 bevel angle achieves self-locking, improving installation efficiency by 40%. Fire-resistant sealing strips (expansion ratio ≥300%) fill gaps at 150℃, reducing smoke permeability to 0.01m. 3 / (m·h).
[0037] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the fireproof reinforcing rib 201 is 55-65°, the distance between two adjacent fireproof reinforcing ribs 201 is 30-50mm, and the top of the fireproof reinforcing rib 201 is provided with a semi-circular guide protrusion.
[0038] The 55-65° tilt angle gives the compressive strength up to 18MPa (compared to only 12MPa for vertical structures), the flow guide protrusion (R=0.5mm) increases the water flow rate by 30% and prevents water accumulation and corrosion, and the 30-50mm spacing reduces the temperature rise rate of the fire-exposed surface of the board to 2.5℃ / min.
[0039] Furthermore, the thickness of the waterproof and breathable membrane layer 3 is 0.5-1.2 mm. The waterproof and breathable membrane layer 3 is formed by hot pressing ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and polyester fiber base fabric. The surface porosity of the waterproof and breathable membrane layer 3 is 85%-92%, and the pore size ranges from 0.1-0.3 μm.
[0040] 0.1-0.3μm pore size blocks liquid water permeation (resistance to hydrostatic pressure ≥20kPa), 85-92% porosity ensures moisture permeability ≥5000g / (m³) 2 • 24h), the ePTFE membrane has a contact angle of 120°, forming a second line of waterproof protection.
[0041] Furthermore, the nano-hydrophobic coating is a composite coating of fluorocarbon resin and nano-silica, and the surface of the nano-hydrophobic coating forms a micron-scale papillary structure with a height of 5-8 μm and a spacing of 10-15 μm.
[0042] Micron-sized papillae (height-to-diameter ratio 1:1.6) form an air cushion layer, resulting in a roll-off angle of <5°. Nano-sized SiO2 (particle size 20nm) fills the gaps in the microstructure, increasing the coating hardness to 4H. Fluorocarbon resin ensures weather resistance up to QUV3000h without powdering.
[0043] Furthermore, the side of the substrate layer 1 is provided with an L-shaped fireproof sealing strip, the fireproof sealing strip is embedded with a fire-expanding graphite strip, and the fireproof sealing strip is covered with a silicone rubber sealing layer.
[0044] L-shaped edge banding wraps around the 3mm board edge, increasing impact resistance to 15kJ / m. 2 The expanded graphite strip expands in volume at 200℃ to fill the 2mm installation gap, and the silicone rubber layer (elongation ≥400%) compensates for ±1.5mm dimensional tolerance.
[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel, characterized in that: The device includes a substrate layer, a fire-retardant layer, a waterproof and breathable membrane layer, and a decorative surface layer disposed on the substrate layer. A reinforced honeycomb aluminum core structure is disposed between the substrate layer and the fire-retardant layer. Several fire-retardant reinforcing ribs with trapezoidal cross sections are disposed at intervals on the outer surface of the fire-retardant layer. A nano-hydrophobic coating is disposed on the surface of the waterproof and breathable membrane layer. The reinforced honeycomb aluminum core structure is composed of corrugated connecting pieces and several regular hexagonal honeycomb units arranged in an array. Adjacent honeycomb units are connected by connecting pieces. The honeycomb units are filled with flame-retardant polyurethane foam.
2. The waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireproof and flame-retardant layer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30-45 parts modified aluminum hydroxide, 15-25 parts expanded graphite, 10-18 parts calcium silicate fiber, and 5-12 parts ceramic microspheres. After high-temperature pressing, each component forms an interlocking structure on its surface.
3. The waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate layer has a double-layer staggered paving structure. The substrate layer includes a bamboo and wood fiber layer and an inorganic glass magnesium board layer that are laid perpendicularly and crosswise. The surface of the bamboo and wood fiber layer is provided with equally spaced guide grooves.
4. The waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decorative surface layer includes a waterproof primer layer, a three-dimensional texture layer and a UV-cured protective film arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The surface of the three-dimensional texture layer is provided with staggered V-shaped water-guiding grooves.
5. The waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate layer has a tenon and mortise connection structure on its four sides. The tenon and mortise connection structure includes an integrally formed dovetail tenon on the long side and a corresponding dovetail groove on the short side. A fireproof sealing strip is embedded inside the dovetail tenon.
6. The waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireproof reinforcing rib has an inclination angle of 55-65°, the distance between two adjacent fireproof reinforcing ribs is 30-50mm, and the top of the fireproof reinforcing rib is provided with a semi-circular guide protrusion.
7. A waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the waterproof and breathable membrane layer is 0.5-1.2mm. The waterproof and breathable membrane layer is formed by hot pressing ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and polyester fiber base fabric. The surface porosity of the waterproof and breathable membrane layer is 85%-92%, and the pore size range is 0.1-0.3μm.
8. The waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-hydrophobic coating is a composite coating of fluorocarbon resin and nano-silica. The surface of the nano-hydrophobic coating forms a micron-sized papillary structure with a height of 5-8 μm and a spacing of 10-15 μm.
9. A waterproof and fireproof composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the substrate layer is also provided with an L-shaped fireproof sealing strip, the fireproof sealing strip is embedded with a fire-expanding graphite strip, and the fireproof sealing strip is covered with a silicone rubber sealing layer.