Monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gully in canyon fall section

Abstract

The utility model provides a monitoring and early warning device for a debris flow gully in a canyon fall section, and relates to the technical field of natural disaster early warning. The device comprises a supporting column, a connecting frame, a sliding rail, a debris flow monitoring module and a rainfall monitoring module. Wherein the supporting columns are embedded and fixed on the two sides of a debris flow gully; the connecting frame is fixedly connected to the upper end of the supporting column. The sliding rail is fixed to the lower end of the middle of the connecting frame and extends in the same direction as the debris flow gully. The debris flow monitoring module is slidably connected to the sliding rail and can follow the debris flow state in the debris flow gully when the debris flow disaster occurs. And the rainfall monitoring module is fixed at the upstream position of the debris flow gully. According to the scheme, the debris flow monitoring module can move along the channel for monitoring through the sliding track, dynamic data collection is achieved in combination with the rainfall monitoring module, the problem that traditional fixed-point monitoring cannot adapt to complex canyon terrains is solved, and the accuracy and timeliness of early warning are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of natural disaster early warning technology, and in particular to a monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in canyon drop sections. Background Technology

[0002] Debris flows are a common geological hazard, usually triggered by extreme weather events such as torrential rains and snowmelt, especially in canyon areas. Due to the steep terrain, the water flow is faster, easily carrying large amounts of mud, sand, and rocks to form debris flows. The stepped drop terrain makes the flow of debris flows more complex, increasing the difficulty of monitoring and early warning.

[0003] Currently, traditional debris flow monitoring technologies mainly rely on ground sensors and remote sensing technology. However, these technologies have certain limitations in the application of stepped drop sections in canyons. Ground sensors may be difficult to install and maintain due to complex terrain, while remote sensing technology may fail to acquire accurate data due to terrain obstruction. Other related technologies often involve installing sensors at fixed points in the debris flow gully. However, these sensors cannot be installed in critical areas of the stepped drop sections in canyons, and can only monitor at fixed points, failing to accurately and timely monitor the debris flow's condition, thus hindering timely and comprehensive monitoring and early warning when natural disasters occur. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome at least one of the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in the drop section of a canyon, thereby enabling mobile monitoring of debris flow status and improving the timeliness and accuracy of early warning.

[0005] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in a canyon with a drop in elevation is provided, comprising:

[0007] Support columns, each of which is buried and fixed on both sides of the debris flow ditch;

[0008] A connecting frame is fixedly connected to one end of the support column away from the debris flow ditch, and is used to connect the two support columns located on both sides of the debris flow ditch.

[0009] A sliding track is fixed on the connecting frame near the debris flow ditch, and the extending direction of the sliding track is consistent with the extending direction of the debris flow ditch.

[0010] The debris flow monitoring module is slidably connected to the sliding track and is used to move along the sliding track to monitor the debris flow status in the debris flow gully when a debris flow disaster occurs.

[0011] The rainfall monitoring module is fixedly installed on one side of the debris flow gully, and the fixed position is close to the sliding track at the upstream end of the debris flow gully;

[0012] Specifically, when the debris flow monitoring module is in its initial position, the debris flow monitoring module is electrically connected to the rainfall monitoring module, and after the debris flow monitoring module begins to move, the electrical connection between the debris flow monitoring module and the rainfall monitoring module is disconnected.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the debris flow monitoring module includes a sliding connecting block and a monitoring component box, wherein: the sliding connecting block includes a support plate and a connecting arm, one end of the connecting arm is fixed to both ends of the support plate, and the sliding connecting block is hung on the sliding track through the other end of the connecting arm; the monitoring component box is fixedly disposed on the side of the support plate away from the sliding track.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sliding track includes a first fixed plate and a second fixed plate, and a connecting plate fixedly connected between the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate; the first fixed plate is fixedly connected to the connecting frame, and the opposite sides of the connecting plate are respectively fixed to the middle positions of the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate, forming the sliding track with an I-shaped cross section, and the connecting arms of the sliding connecting block are hooked to both ends of the second fixed plate.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the connecting arm includes a roller, the roller is disposed on the side of the connecting arm near the second fixed plate, and the sliding connecting block moves on the sliding track via the roller.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring component box includes a top plate, a transparent protective cover, and a drive motor; the top plate and the transparent protective cover are fixedly connected to form the box body of the monitoring component box, and the top plate is fixedly connected to the support plate to connect the box body to the sliding connecting block, and the sliding connecting block and the box body move as a whole on the sliding track; the drive motor is disposed inside the box body and fixedly connected to the side of the top plate near the inside of the box body, and the rotating shaft of the drive motor passes through the top plate and the support plate.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sliding track includes a fixed rack, one side of which is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding track away from the connecting frame, and the extending direction of the fixed rack is consistent with the extending direction of the sliding track; a gear is sleeved at the end of the shaft of the drive motor, the gear meshes with the fixed rack, and the drive motor drives the housing and the sliding connecting block to move on the sliding track when it rotates.

[0018] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the monitoring component box further includes two backup power supplies, a backup communication device, a camera, an expansion module, and a sensor group module; the drive motor is located in the middle of the top plate, the backup power supplies are symmetrically connected to both sides of the top plate, and the expansion module and the sensor group module are fixedly connected to the side of the backup power supply away from the top plate; a circuit board is fixed between the backup power supplies, the top plate is parallel to the circuit board, the backup communication device is located on the side of the circuit board closer to the top plate, and the camera is located on the side of the circuit board away from the top plate; the backup communication device is electrically connected to the expansion module, the sensor group module, and the camera through a vibration sensing switch, and the backup communication device is electrically connected to the backup power supply through a wire.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring and early warning device further includes at least two vibration sensors, which are evenly spaced on the toothless side of the fixed rack.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the rainfall monitoring module includes a rain gauge, a power distribution box mechanism, and a pole. One end of the pole is buried and fixed to one side of the debris flow ditch, and the power distribution box mechanism and the rain gauge are fixed to the other end of the pole. At least two vibration sensors are installed on the sliding track and are electrically connected to the internal data transmission device of the power distribution box mechanism via wires. The power distribution box mechanism is communicatively connected to a host computer through the internal data transmission device, and the rain gauge is electrically connected to the internal data transmission device. The rain gauge is used to monitor the rainfall in this area in real time. When the debris flow monitoring module is in its initial position, the debris flow monitoring module and the rainfall monitoring... All modules are located upstream of the debris flow gully. The debris flow monitoring module and the rainfall monitoring module are connected via a plug-in connector, enabling electrical connection between the expansion module, sensor group module, camera, and backup power supply in the debris flow monitoring module and the power distribution box mechanism. The rainfall monitoring module uploads the detected vibration and rainfall signals to the host computer. After receiving the control command from the host computer and driving the debris flow monitoring module to start moving, the electrical connection between the debris flow monitoring module and the rainfall monitoring module is disconnected, and the expansion module, sensor group module, camera, and backup communication device in the debris flow monitoring module are electrically connected to the backup power supply.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the support column and the connecting frame have an included angle at the connection point, and the included angle is greater than 90° and less than 180°; a reinforcing rod is provided at the included angle between the support column and the connecting frame, one end of the reinforcing rod is fixedly connected to the support column, and the other end is fixedly connected to the connecting frame.

[0022] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this utility model possesses at least one of the following advantages and positive effects:

[0023] The proposed monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in canyon drop sections can achieve stable deployment and efficient monitoring under complex terrain conditions, significantly improving the adaptability and accuracy of debris flow disaster monitoring. On one hand, by setting support columns and connecting frames on both sides of the debris flow gully, a stable installation platform higher than the gully bottom is constructed, solving the problem of traditional ground-based fixed-point sensors being difficult to deploy in steep terrain and areas with sediment accumulation. On the other hand, the sliding track in the device is aligned with the direction of the debris flow gully and carries a movable debris flow monitoring module, enabling dynamic tracking of the debris flow's movement. Compared to traditional fixed-point monitoring methods, this provides greater continuity and completeness, effectively avoiding monitoring blind spots and data omissions.

[0024] Furthermore, this device integrates a rainfall monitoring module, enabling real-time monitoring of triggering conditions before debris flows occur, thus enhancing the foresight of the early warning system. Specifically, the electrical connection mechanism between the rainfall monitoring module and the debris flow monitoring module allows the rainfall monitoring module to provide power and communication lines to the debris flow monitoring module when no debris flow occurs, reducing power consumption and ensuring monitoring endurance. Simultaneously, when a debris flow occurs, the rainfall monitoring module quickly sends a start signal to the debris flow monitoring module via the electrical connection, and disconnects the electrical connection when the debris flow monitoring module begins monitoring, switching to internal power supply to ensure the stability of the debris flow monitoring module during mobile monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The above and other features and advantages of this invention will become more apparent from a detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in the drop section of a canyon, as described in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a magnified schematic diagram of the sliding connecting block at point A of the monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in the drop section of a canyon, which is part of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the monitoring component box in this utility model.

[0029] The annotations for the main components in the diagram are explained below:

[0030] 1. Support column;

[0031] 2. Connecting frame; 21. Reinforcing rod;

[0032] 3. Sliding rail; 31. First fixing plate; 32. Connecting plate; 33. Second fixing plate; 34. Fixing rack;

[0033] 4. Debris flow monitoring module; 41. Sliding connecting block; 411. Support plate; 412. Connecting arm; 413. Roller; 42. Monitoring component box; 421. Top plate; 422. Transparent protective cover; 423. Drive motor; 424. Gear; 425. Backup power supply; 426. Backup communication equipment; 427. Camera; 428. Expansion module; 429. Sensor group module;

[0034] 5. Rainfall monitoring module; 51. Rain gauge; 52. Power distribution box mechanism; 53. Pole. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0036] In this utility model, the terms "a", "one", "the", "the", and "at least one" are used to indicate the existence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "comprising", "including", and "having" are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion meaning and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms "first", "second", and "third", etc., are used only as markings and are not a limitation on the number of objects.

[0037] In related technologies, debris flow monitoring technology largely relies on ground sensors and remote sensing methods. However, in the stepped drop sections of canyons, traditional ground sensors are difficult to install and maintain, and remote sensing technology is easily affected by terrain obstruction, impacting data accuracy. Conventional monitoring methods typically fix sensors at specific locations within debris flow gullies; however, complex terrain makes it impossible to install equipment in key areas, and fixed-point monitoring struggles to capture dynamic changes in debris flows, affecting the timeliness of disaster warnings.

[0038] Based on the above problems, this utility model proposes a monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in canyon drop sections, with reference to... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the monitoring and early warning device may include a support column 1, a connecting frame 2, a sliding rail 3, a debris flow monitoring module 4, and a rainfall monitoring module 5. Specifically, the support column 1 is buried and fixed on both sides of the debris flow gully; the connecting frame 2 is fixedly connected to the end of the support column 1 away from the debris flow gully, connecting the two support columns 1; the sliding rail 3 is fixed on the side of the connecting frame 2 close to the debris flow gully, extending in the same direction as the debris flow gully; the debris flow monitoring module 4 is slidably connected to the sliding rail 3 to follow the movement of the debris flow for monitoring; the rainfall monitoring module 5 is fixedly set on one side of the debris flow gully near the upstream end of the sliding rail 3; in the initial position, the debris flow monitoring module 4 and the rainfall monitoring module 5 are electrically connected, and the electrical connection is disconnected after movement.

[0039] Among them, support column 1 refers to the load-bearing structure that is vertically buried on both sides of the debris flow ditch. It can be implemented by metal pipe piles or concrete columns. Its function is to provide a stable support foundation for the overall monitoring and early warning device.

[0040] The connecting frame 2 refers to the connecting component that spans the debris flow gully. It can be implemented using a truss structure or an I-beam. It is used to support the sliding track 3 and maintain its extension direction consistent with the debris flow gully.

[0041] The sliding track 3 refers to the guiding mechanism that guides the movement of the debris flow monitoring module 4. It can be implemented using an I-beam track or a metal track with a rack and pinion. Its extension direction matches the direction of the debris flow gully to ensure that the monitoring path covers the disaster development area.

[0042] The debris flow monitoring module 4 refers to a movable monitoring unit that integrates sensors and drive devices. It can be implemented using a box structure with rollers 413 or gears 424 for transmission, and can track the position of the debris flow front in real time by moving along the track.

[0043] The rainfall monitoring module 5 refers to a fixed rainfall data acquisition unit, which can be implemented by combining a tipping bucket rain gauge 51 with a power distribution box. Its position is set at the upstream end so as to detect the rainfall conditions that trigger debris flows in a timely manner.

[0044] Specifically, support column 1 is vertically embedded in the rock mass on both sides of the debris flow gully to form a stable foundation, and connecting frame 2 is horizontally erected on top of support column 1 to form a rigid frame spanning the gully. Sliding track 3 is fixed to the bottom of connecting frame 2 by bolts, and its extension direction is strictly parallel to the main axis of the debris flow gully. Debris flow monitoring module 4 is suspended from the track by a roller 413 or gear 424 meshing mechanism. In the initial position, it is electrically connected to rainfall monitoring module 5 through a plug-in connector. When rainfall or vibration signal reaches the threshold and triggers debris flow, debris flow monitoring module 4 moves downstream along sliding track 3 to track debris flow movement. At this time, the physical connection is automatically disconnected and it switches to independent power supply operation. The design of the track extension direction consistent with the direction of debris flow gully ensures that the movement path of the monitoring module completely covers the area that debris flow may pass through.

[0045] Traditional fixed-point monitoring devices are limited by terrain and cannot cover the dynamic development area of ​​debris flows. However, this solution combines a sliding track 3 with a movable debris flow monitoring module 4 to achieve full-process tracking of the debris flow trajectory. At the same time, this solution achieves data linkage triggering through the initial electrical connection state, which improves response efficiency and stability while ensuring the endurance of the debris flow monitoring module 4. After moving, the electrical connection is disconnected, and the debris flow monitoring module 4 automatically switches to an independent operation mode, which not only ensures the timeliness of triggering response but also avoids cable entanglement affecting mobile monitoring, thus improving the stability and reliability of the mobile monitoring of the debris flow monitoring module 4.

[0046] Through the above technical solution, this utility model can achieve stable deployment and efficient monitoring under complex terrain conditions, significantly improving the adaptability and accuracy of debris flow disaster monitoring. On the one hand, by setting support columns 1 and connecting frames 2 on both sides of the debris flow gully, a stable installation platform higher than the bottom of the gully is constructed, solving the problem that traditional ground fixed-point sensors are difficult to deploy in steep terrain and areas with sediment accumulation. On the other hand, the sliding track 3 in the device is aligned with the direction of the debris flow gully and carries a movable debris flow monitoring module 4, which can realize dynamic tracking of the movement state of the debris flow. Compared with the traditional fixed-point monitoring method, it is more continuous and complete, effectively avoiding monitoring blind spots and data omissions.

[0047] Furthermore, this device integrates a rainfall monitoring module 5, which can monitor triggering conditions in real time before debris flows occur, enhancing the foresight of the early warning system. Specifically, the electrical connection mechanism between the rainfall monitoring module 5 and the debris flow monitoring module 4 allows the rainfall monitoring module 5 to provide power and communication lines to the debris flow monitoring module 4 when no debris flow occurs, reducing the power consumption of the debris flow monitoring module 4 and ensuring monitoring endurance. Simultaneously, when a debris flow occurs, the rainfall monitoring module 5 quickly sends a start signal to the debris flow monitoring module 4 via the electrical connection, and disconnects the electrical connection when the debris flow monitoring module 4 begins monitoring, switching to internal power supply to ensure the stability of the debris flow monitoring module 4 during mobile monitoring.

[0048] Below, in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1 to 3 This invention provides a detailed description of the monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in the drop section of a canyon.

[0049] In one embodiment of this utility model, reference is made to Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the debris flow monitoring module 4 includes a sliding connecting block 41 and a monitoring component box 42. The sliding connecting block 41 is composed of a support plate 411 and a connecting arm. One end of the connecting arm 412 is fixed to both ends of the support plate 411, and the other end is hung on the sliding track 3. The monitoring component box 42 is fixed on the side of the support plate 411 away from the sliding track 3.

[0050] Among them, the sliding connecting block 41 refers to the sliding bearing component composed of the support plate 411 and the double connecting arm 412. Specifically, it can be integrally formed by aluminum alloy casting process. The support plate 411 serves as a bearing platform to provide the mounting base for the monitoring component box 42.

[0051] The connecting arm 412 refers to the suspension component symmetrically distributed at both ends of the support plate 411. Specifically, it can be made by bending C-shaped steel, and its end is provided with a barb structure for forming a detachable connection with the track.

[0052] The monitoring component box 42 refers to a sealed container for integrating monitoring equipment. Specifically, it can be implemented using a transparent box. The box is rigidly connected to the support plate 411 by bolts to form an integral structure.

[0053] Specifically, the support plate 411 can be designed as a rectangular flat plate structure with its length direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the sliding track 3. Two connecting arms 412 are welded to the two ends of the support plate 411 respectively. The ends of the connecting arms 412 are bent upwards and together with the support plate 411 form a U-shaped groove structure. The groove size is smaller than the cross-section of the sliding track 3 to ensure that the sliding connecting block 41 can be hung on the sliding track 3.

[0054] The monitoring component box 42 can be fixed to the lower surface of the support plate 411 by bolts or adhesive. This example embodiment does not specify a particular fixing method between the monitoring component box 42 and the support plate 411. The internal space of the monitoring component box 42 can be divided into an equipment installation area and a wiring area. When a debris flow occurs, the sliding connecting block 41 drives the monitoring component box 42 to move along the track. The connecting arm 412 forms a sliding pair with the track, and the support plate 411 remains parallel to the sliding track 3 during movement, ensuring the stable operation of the monitoring component box 42.

[0055] Compared with related technologies, traditional debris flow monitoring devices use fixed sensor arrays, whose installation locations are limited by terrain and cannot cover the dynamic path of debris flows. This solution separates the sliding mechanism from the monitoring equipment through a split design. The hanging structure of the connecting arm 412 allows for quick assembly and disassembly, and the rigid connection between the support plate 411 and the monitoring component box 42 forms a stable load transfer path, which reduces maintenance difficulty while ensuring monitoring accuracy.

[0056] Through the above technical solutions, this utility model solves the problem of difficult installation of monitoring devices in canyon terrain. The modular structure of the sliding connecting block 41 facilitates segmented transportation and assembly on steep cliffs. The downward shift of the center of gravity design of the monitoring component box 42 enhances the device's anti-overturning ability during movement. The symmetrical layout of the double connecting arms effectively disperses the torque generated by sliding friction, enabling the monitoring equipment to maintain a stable working state during dynamic tracking.

[0057] In one embodiment of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the sliding track 3 includes a first fixed plate 31 and a second fixed plate 33, and a connecting plate 32 fixedly connected between the first fixed plate 31 and the second fixed plate 33; the first fixed plate 31 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 2, and the opposite sides of the connecting plate 32 are respectively fixed to the middle positions of the first fixed plate 31 and the second fixed plate 33, forming a sliding track 3 with an I-shaped cross section, and the connecting arms 412 of the sliding connecting block 41 are hooked to both ends of the second fixed plate 33.

[0058] The first fixing plate 31 refers to a metal plate that serves as the basic load-bearing structure. Specifically, it can be made of steel plate with a thickness of 8-12 mm. Of course, its thickness can be customized according to the specific application scenario, and this embodiment is not limited to this. The first fixing plate 31 can be rigidly connected to the connecting frame 2 by welding or bolting to bear the main load of the sliding track 3.

[0059] The second fixed plate 33 refers to the guide structure set on the outside of the track, which can be made of channel steel. Its two ends are processed to form symmetrical hanging platforms to constrain the lateral displacement of the sliding connecting block 41.

[0060] The connecting plate 32 refers to the supporting component that vertically connects the first fixed plate 31 and the second fixed plate 33. Specifically, it can be implemented using a rectangular steel bar with a cross-sectional dimension of 30×5 mm. Of course, its cross-sectional dimension can be customized according to the specific application scenario, and this embodiment is not limited to this. The connecting plate 32 can be continuously welded to the middle position of the two fixed plates along the longitudinal direction of the track to form an I-shaped cross-section bending core.

[0061] Specifically, a track installation reference can be established through the rigid connection between the first fixed plate 31 and the connecting frame 2. The connecting plate 32 aligns and welds the central axes of the first fixed plate 31 and the second fixed plate 33 in a direction perpendicular to the ground, forming a continuous track structure with an I-shaped closed cross-section. When debris flow impacts or equipment movement generates lateral loads, the web area of ​​the I-shaped cross-section bears shear stress through the connecting plate 32, while the upper and lower flange areas disperse bending stress through the first fixed plate 31 and the second fixed plate 33, respectively.

[0062] The connecting arm 412 of the sliding connecting block 41 is engaged with the two sides of the second fixed plate 33 in a clearance fit manner, which maintains the degree of freedom of sliding while limiting the lateral displacement range by utilizing the width of the second fixed plate 33.

[0063] Compared with related technologies, the sliding track 3 with an I-shaped cross section forms a two-way bending and torsion-resistant structure through the combination of upper and lower fixed plates and middle connecting plate 32, which effectively improves its resistance to lateral impact. The hook design at both ends of the second fixed plate 33 keeps the sliding connecting block 41 in a two-point constraint state, which can effectively reduce the lateral displacement of the sliding connecting block 41 and improve the stability of the sliding connecting block 41 moving on the sliding track 3.

[0064] Through the above technical solutions, this utility model effectively solves the structural instability problem of the sliding track 3 under strong winds and debris flow impact in the canyon environment; the multi-layer plate combination structure with I-shaped cross-section enhances the overall rigidity of the track and can withstand the complex environmental problems in the canyon area; the symmetrical hanging design on both sides of the second fixing plate 33 effectively reduces the lateral offset of the sliding connecting block 41 and avoids the risk of derailment of the debris flow monitoring module 4 due to terrain vibration during movement; the intermediate connection method between the connecting plate 32 and the fixing plate makes the stress distribution more uniform and reduces the deformation in the complex environment of the canyon area, thereby ensuring the stability of the sliding connecting block 41 moving on the sliding track 3.

[0065] In one alternative implementation, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the connecting arm 412 includes a roller 413, which is disposed on the side of the connecting arm 412 near the second fixed plate 33. The sliding connecting block 41 moves on the sliding track 3 via the roller 413.

[0066] Among them, roller 413 refers to a circular mechanical component that can rotate around an axis. Specifically, it can be implemented by a metal wheel with rolling bearings, and its outer circumferential surface contacts the sliding track 3 to form rolling friction.

[0067] Specifically, the roller 413 is mounted on the contact area between the end of the connecting arm 412 and the second fixed plate 33. When the sliding connecting block 41 needs to move along the sliding track 3, the roller 413 performs pure rolling motion on the surface of the second fixed plate 33. The flatness of the second fixed plate 33 can be processed to ensure that the contact surface of the roller 413 is uniformly stressed.

[0068] The axis of roller 413 is perpendicular to the extension direction of sliding track 3 to ensure the straightness of the movement trajectory. The rigid and symmetrical distribution structure of connecting arm 412 enables the rollers 413 on both sides to roll synchronously, avoiding jamming caused by skewness.

[0069] The roller 413 structure enables the debris flow monitoring module 4 to move smoothly even in harsh environments, ensuring the monitoring device's ability to continuously track the debris flow trajectory in real time and improving the stability of debris flow movement monitoring. Its rolling friction method avoids the wear debris generated by traditional sliding friction, extending the service life of the sliding track 3 and the sliding connecting block 41. The symmetrically distributed roller group design ensures the stability of the debris flow monitoring module 4 during movement and prevents the equipment from tilting or jamming due to unilateral resistance.

[0070] In one embodiment of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the monitoring component box 42 includes a top plate 421, a transparent protective cover 422, and a drive motor 423. The top plate 421 and the transparent protective cover 422 are fixedly connected to form a box body. The top plate 421 is fixedly connected to the support plate 411 to realize the box body is connected to the sliding connecting block 41. The drive motor 423 is located inside the box body and is fixedly connected to the inner side of the top plate 421. The rotating shaft of the drive motor 423 passes through the top plate 421 and the support plate 411.

[0071] The top plate 421 is a rigid plate used to support the internal components. It can be made of welded metal plates and serves to provide a supporting foundation for the enclosure and form a rigid connection with the sliding connecting block 41. The transparent protective cover 422 is a transparent protective structure covering the top plate 421. It can be made of polycarbonate material through molding and serves to isolate external environmental interference while maintaining optical monitoring functions. The drive motor 423 is a power output device. It can be a waterproof stepper motor or a self-locking motor and serves to drive the debris flow monitoring module 4 to move as a whole by outputting mechanical power through the rotating shaft.

[0072] Specifically, the top plate 421 and the transparent protective cover 422 can be fastened with bolts to form a sealed space, or they can be fastened together with movable clips. The internally installed drive motor 423 is fixed to the top plate 421 via a flange, and the rotating shaft passes through the top plate 421 and the support plate 411 before connecting to the gear 424. When the drive motor 423 starts, the rotating shaft drives the gear 424 to mesh with the rack on the track, causing the box and the sliding connecting block 41 to move along the track. The transparent protective cover 422 blocks rainwater and gravel while allowing the camera 427 to continuously collect debris flow image data. The double connection design of the top plate 421 and the support plate 411 enhances the structural stability and prevents the box from detaching from the sliding parts during movement.

[0073] By integrating the drive mechanism into a sealed enclosure, the equipment's protective performance in harsh environments is ensured, while stable power transmission is achieved during dynamic movement. Furthermore, the drive motor 423 is built into the enclosure, and the power is transmitted to the external transmission mechanism through a through-shaft design, significantly improving the equipment's reliability.

[0074] Through the above technical solutions, this utility model realizes the dynamic tracking capability of the monitoring and early warning device during the movement of debris flow, effectively solving the problems of incomplete, inaccurate, and untimely fixed-point monitoring data in canyon terrain; the sealed monitoring component box 42 can also prevent rainwater and gravel from intruding, ensuring the continuous operation of the drive motor 423 and the sensor in complex environments; the rigid connection design between the top plate 421 and the support plate 411 improves the overall structural strength, avoids shaking or displacement when the debris flow monitoring module 4 moves, and ensures the accuracy and real-time nature of the monitoring data.

[0075] In one embodiment of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 2 As shown, the sliding track 3 includes a fixed rack 34, one side of which is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding track 3 away from the connecting frame 2, and the extending direction of the fixed rack 34 is consistent with the extending direction of the sliding track 3; a gear 424 is sleeved at the end of the shaft of the drive motor 423, and the gear 424 meshes with the fixed rack 34. When the drive motor 423 rotates, it drives the housing and the sliding connecting block 41 to move on the sliding track 3.

[0076] The fixed rack 34 refers to a rigid strip-shaped component with a continuous tooth structure. Specifically, it can be made of high-carbon steel and milled to form evenly spaced tooth grooves. It is integrally connected to the sliding rail 3 by bolts or welding to provide the transmission contact surface. The gear 424 refers to a disc-shaped component with a tooth structure matching the tooth grooves of the fixed rack 34. Specifically, it can be made of alloy steel that has undergone heat treatment followed by surface carburizing. It transmits power to the drive motor 423 shaft through a keyway connection.

[0077] Specifically, after the drive motor 423 starts, the gear 424 at the end of the shaft meshes with the fixed rack 34. The tangential force generated by the rotation of the gear 424 pushes the sliding connecting block 41 to move along the sliding track 3. Since the rack and track extend in the same direction, the meshing transmission between the gear 424 and the rack forms a rigid contact, preventing slippage or jamming caused by mud and sand intrusion in the debris flow environment. During the meshing process of the gear 424 and rack, the driving force acts directly on the extension direction of the track, eliminating the need for an intermediate transmission mechanism, reducing power loss. At the same time, the integrated fixed structure of the rack and sliding track 3 enhances the transmission stability.

[0078] Through the meshing transmission of gear 424 and fixed rack 34, the transmission contact surface is enclosed inside the tooth groove, making it difficult for mud and sand to enter the meshing area. The transmission process is not affected by the external environment, improving the transmission stability and reliability in the harsh environment of the canyon drop section. At the same time, the rigid contact characteristics of gear 424 and rack meshing make displacement control more precise, enabling real-time synchronization between the monitoring module and the debris flow dynamics.

[0079] Through the above technical solution, this utility model solves the displacement deviation problem caused by insufficient power or transmission failure of the debris flow monitoring module 4 in complex terrain. The direct meshing transmission of gear 424 provides continuous driving force to ensure that the monitoring module moves accurately along the track, thereby realizing continuous tracking and monitoring of debris flow disaster status. The anti-interference ability of the transmission structure in the mud and sand environment is significantly improved, and the integrity and timeliness of monitoring data acquisition are guaranteed.

[0080] In one embodiment of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 3 As shown, the monitoring component box 42 also includes two backup power supplies 425, a backup communication device 426, a camera 427, an expansion module 428, and a sensor group module 429. The drive motor 423 is located in the middle of the top plate 421. The backup power supplies 425 are symmetrically connected to both sides of the top plate 421, and the expansion module 428 and the sensor group module 429 are fixedly connected to the side of the backup power supplies 425 away from the top plate 421. A circuit board is fixed between the backup power supplies 425. The top plate 421 is parallel to the circuit board. The backup communication device 426 is located on the side of the circuit board closer to the top plate 421, and the camera 427 is located on the side of the circuit board away from the top plate 421. The backup communication device 426 is electrically connected to the expansion module 428, the sensor group module 429, and the camera 427 through a vibration sensing switch. The backup communication device 426 is also electrically connected to the backup power supply 425 through wires.

[0081] The backup power supply 425 is symmetrically connected to both sides of the top plate 421, meaning that two power supply units are installed on the left and right sides of the drive motor 423 respectively. This can be achieved by embedding a lithium battery pack into the side wall slots of the top plate 421, forming a redundant power supply structure with symmetrical weight distribution. The expansion module 428 and sensor module 429 are fixedly connected to the side of the backup power supply 425 away from the top plate 421, meaning that the functional unit and power supply unit are physically integrated. This can be achieved by bolting the sensor mounting bracket to the housing of the backup power supply 425, shortening the cable distance between the sensor and the power supply. The circuit board is set parallel to the top plate 421, meaning that the signal processing unit and drive unit are arranged in layers. This can be achieved by using an insulating bracket to horizontally fix the multi-layer circuit board between the backup power supply 425, avoiding electromagnetic interference. The backup communication device 426 is located on the side of the circuit board closer to the top plate 421, meaning that the wireless transmission module is close to the central area inside the enclosure. This can be achieved by using a metal shielding box to mount the 4G communication module on the surface of the circuit board, enhancing signal stability.

[0082] The expansion module 428 can be the sensor group module 429, or it can be a sensor or related electronic device that is not in the sensor group module 429, configured according to customer needs. The expansion module 428 is used to customize the expansion functions according to the application scenario. The sensor group module 429 is internally equipped with a temperature sensor, a water level gauge, a mud level gauge, and a flow rate meter, etc., among which the temperature sensor, water level gauge, mud level gauge, and flow rate meter all use common components on the market. The backup power supply 425, backup communication equipment 426, and camera 427 can also use conventional components on the market, and this embodiment is not limited to this.

[0083] Specifically, when the monitoring component box 42 moves along the sliding track 3, the symmetrically arranged backup power supplies 425 can balance the weight distribution of the box, preventing excessive load on one side from causing track jamming. The expansion module 428 and the sensor group module 429 are directly fixed to the outside of the backup power supply 425, forming a quickly detachable independent functional unit, eliminating the need to disconnect the overall power supply line during maintenance. The double-layer space formed by the parallel circuit board and top plate 421 allows the control lines of the drive motor 423 and the sensor signal lines to be routed separately, avoiding wire tangling. The backup communication device 426 is arranged close to the top plate 421 and is directly connected to the control port of the drive motor 423 through a short-distance wire, ensuring that a stop command can be quickly sent in an emergency.

[0084] When the impact of the debris flow causes vibration, the vibration sensing switch automatically switches to the backup communication device 426 to prevent power failure between the debris flow monitoring module 4 and the rainfall monitoring module 5. The backup power supply 425 maintains the data acquisition and transmission between the camera 427 and the sensor group module 429 through an independent line.

[0085] Through the above technical solutions, this utility model effectively solves the problem of equipment downtime caused by unstable power supply of monitoring devices in the complex environment of canyon areas, ensuring the continuity of sensor data acquisition during debris flow movement; the modular integrated design reduces the difficulty of equipment maintenance, and individual functional units can be quickly replaced without interrupting the overall monitoring work in the event of a local failure; the layered wiring structure and shielding measures improve the signal transmission quality and avoid data distortion caused by electromagnetic interference; the automatic switching mechanism ensures the real-time transmission of key monitoring data under extreme conditions, providing reliable information support for disaster early warning.

[0086] In one embodiment of this utility model, the monitoring and early warning device further includes at least two vibration sensors (not shown in the figure), which are evenly spaced on the toothless side of the fixed rack 34.

[0087] Among them, the vibration sensor refers to the sensor used to detect mechanical vibration signals. Specifically, a piezoelectric accelerometer can be used to detect the vibration frequency and amplitude changes transmitted by the fixed rack 34 to determine the debris flow activity status.

[0088] The toothless side of the fixed rack 34 refers to the opposite side plane area of ​​the meshing surface of the gear 424. Specifically, it can be milled to form a smooth contact surface. This area avoids mechanical vibration interference generated by the gear 424 transmission and provides a stable mounting surface for the sensor.

[0089] Specifically, vibration sensors are arranged at equal intervals along the length of the fixed rack 34, forming a continuous monitoring network. When a debris flow impacts the sliding track 3, the vibration energy is transmitted through the second fixed plate 33 of the I-shaped track to the toothless side of the fixed rack 34, allowing the vibration sensors to simultaneously capture vibration characteristics from different sections. Since the extension direction of the fixed rack 34 aligns with the direction of the debris flow gully, the layout of the sensor array corresponds spatially to the disaster propagation path, effectively identifying the location and trajectory of the debris flow front. When the sensors are installed on the side of the rack, their detection surface is orthogonal to the direction of track vibration transmission, accurately sensing the vertical vibration component.

[0090] Through the above technical solution, this utility model realizes the spatial distribution monitoring of debris flow impact location and intensity, solving the signal omission problem caused by the limited detection range of single-point sensors. By fixing the rack 34 to the toothless side mounting method, the vibration and noise interference of the gear 424 transmission mechanism during operation is eliminated, improving the signal acquisition accuracy; based on the extension characteristics of the sliding track 3, the sensor layout can adapt to the spatial characteristics of the canyon terrain, ensuring that the monitoring range covers the entire drop section of the debris flow gully.

[0091] In one embodiment of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the rainfall monitoring module 5 includes a rain gauge 51, a power distribution box mechanism 52, and a pole 53. One end of the pole 53 is buried and fixed to one side of the debris flow ditch, and the power distribution box mechanism 52 and the rain gauge 51 are fixed to the other end of the pole 53. At least two vibration sensors installed on the sliding rail 3 are electrically connected to the internal data transmission device of the power distribution box mechanism 52 through wires. The power distribution box mechanism 52 is connected to the host computer through the internal data transmission device, and the rain gauge 51 is electrically connected to the internal data transmission device. When the debris flow monitoring module 4 is in the initial position, the debris flow monitoring module 4 and the rainfall monitoring module 5 are connected through a plug-in connector to realize the electrical connection between the expansion module 428, the sensor group module 429, the camera 427, and the backup power supply 425 and the power distribution box mechanism 52. The rainfall monitoring module 5 uploads the vibration signal and the rainfall signal to the host computer. After receiving the control command, it drives the debris flow monitoring module 4 to move. At this time, the electrical connection is disconnected, and the debris flow monitoring module 4 switches to the backup power supply 425 for power supply.

[0092] The pole 53 refers to the support structure used to fix the distribution box and rain gauge 51. It can be implemented using metal pipe piles or concrete bases, and its burial depth can be determined according to the site soil environment to enhance its anti-overturning ability. The plug-in connector refers to a detachable electrical connector, specifically a waterproof male-female plug, used to establish power supply and data transmission channels in the initial state. The vibration sensor is a device used to detect geological vibrations, specifically a piezoelectric accelerometer sensor, with an installation spacing of 3-5 meters to cover the upstream area of ​​the debris flow gully. The internal data transmission equipment refers to an embedded system with wireless communication capabilities, specifically a combination of a 4G / 5G communication module and a LoRa module, used to transmit collected data to the monitoring platform in real time.

[0093] Specifically, in the initial state, the debris flow monitoring module 4 can maintain a physical connection with the power distribution box mechanism 52 through the plug-in connector. At this time, the backup power supply 425 is in a charging state, and all monitoring equipment is powered by the main power supply of the power distribution box mechanism 52. When the rainfall monitoring module 5 detects a preset threshold rainfall, the rain gauge 51 transmits the signal to the internal data transmission device, and the host computer generates control commands based on the vibration sensor data. After the control command transmitted by the rainfall monitoring module 5 starts the drive motor 423, the debris flow monitoring module 4 moves along the sliding track 3 in conjunction with the drive motor 423 and its own gravity. At this time, the plug-in connector automatically disengages, the backup power supply 425 immediately powers the monitoring equipment, and the backup communication device 426 starts wireless transmission. During the movement, the sensor group module 429 collects debris flow velocity parameters in real time and dynamically adjusts the speed of the drive motor 423 through a PID control algorithm to keep the moving speed of the monitoring module synchronized with the debris flow velocity. The image data collected by the camera 427 is compressed and encoded, and then integrated into the data transmission channel through multiplexing technology.

[0094] The integrated power distribution box 52 manages the power supply and communication links uniformly, utilizing the main power supply to reduce energy consumption in the initial stage, and automatically switching to the backup power supply 425 to maintain equipment operation when movement is triggered. In related technologies, vibration sensors are typically deployed at a single point; this solution uses multiple vibration sensors on the sliding track 3 to accurately identify the starting position and propagation direction of the debris flow. Furthermore, traditional devices often interrupt data transmission after equipment movement; this solution establishes a redundant channel through backup communication equipment 426 to ensure continuous transmission of monitoring data under complex terrain conditions.

[0095] Through the above technical solutions, this utility model effectively overcomes the limitations of canyon terrain on the deployment of monitoring equipment, realizing full-process tracking and monitoring of debris flow dynamics. The seamless switching mechanism between main and backup power supplies extends the continuous working time of the equipment in extreme environments, as well as its operational stability and reliability. Collaborative data analysis between the vibration sensor and the rain gauge 51 improves the accuracy and timeliness of debris flow early warning. The modular design allows for easy restoration to the initial state during equipment maintenance simply by reconnecting the connectors, significantly reducing maintenance difficulty. Synchronous control of the monitoring module and the debris flow velocity ensures the spatiotemporal consistency of sensor data, providing reliable data support for debris flow dynamics research.

[0096] In one embodiment of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, there is an angle between the support column 1 and the connecting frame 2 at the connection point, and the angle is greater than 90° and less than 180°; a reinforcing rod 21 is provided at the angle between the support column 1 and the connecting frame 2, one end of the reinforcing rod 21 is fixedly connected to the support column 1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 2.

[0097] The included angle range refers to the obtuse angle range formed by the support column 1 and the connecting frame 2. It can be achieved by welding or bolting. The design of this angle range can disperse the lateral load generated by the debris flow impact and avoid stress concentration caused by right-angle connection.

[0098] The reinforcing rod 21 refers to the oblique reinforcing component that connects the support column 1 and the connecting frame 2. It can be made of metal rod or composite profile. It enhances the shear resistance of the connection node by forming a triangular truss structure and reduces the risk of deformation at the connection under vibration.

[0099] Specifically, the obtuse angle design of the support column 1 and the connecting frame 2 distributes the lateral load along both sides of the angle, reducing the bending moment at the connection. When the support column 1 is subjected to lateral force due to debris flow impact, the obtuse angle structure converts part of the load into tensile force along the axial direction of the connecting frame 2, thereby reducing the local stress level. The reinforcing rod 21 at the angle further constructs a double support system. When the connecting frame 2 is subjected to longitudinal impact force, the reinforcing rod 21 absorbs energy through tension or compression, preventing shear failure at the connection node. In a continuous vibration environment, this combined structure can form a dynamic equilibrium, suppressing the relative displacement between the support column 1 and the connecting frame 2.

[0100] Through the above technical solutions, this utility model improves the stability of the support node under dynamic loads, avoids the risk of connection breakage caused by stress concentration, and enhances the bearing capacity against multi-directional impact forces, ensuring the structural reliability of the monitoring device in the complex terrain of the canyon drop section.

[0101] The working principle of the monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in the drop section of the canyon in this utility model is as follows: When the monitoring and early warning device is in use, the initial position of the sliding connecting block 41 is at the upstream position of the sliding track 3. The drive motor 423 set in the debris flow monitoring module 4 can be a self-locking motor. When no debris flow is detected, the electrical equipment below the plane where the circuit board is located in the monitoring component box 42 (such as the camera 427, the expansion module 428 and the sensor group module 429) can all be powered by the rainfall monitoring module 5. The electrical equipment below the plane where the circuit board is located in the monitoring component box 42 is located is connected to the rainfall monitoring module 5 by a plug-in connector. In addition, the multiple vibration sensors on the non-meshing surface of the fixed rack 34 are always powered by the rainfall monitoring module 5. At the same time, the vibration sensors transmit the detected data to the monitoring platform for processing through the data transmission device inside the rainfall monitoring module 5.

[0102] When a debris flow occurs, the support columns 1 on both sides of the stepped drop section in the canyon are connected to the connecting frame 2. Vibration sensors installed on the sliding rail 3, which is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 2, can detect minute vibrations of the ground in real time and transmit the data to the monitoring platform. Then, the monitoring platform transmits control commands to the internal controller of the rainfall monitoring module 5, giving the drive motor 423 a start signal and engaging the self-locking state, thereby causing the drive motor 423 to start rotating and driving the sliding connecting block 41 to move downstream along the sliding rail 3. When the power supply to the electrical equipment below the plane of the circuit board is separated from that of the rainfall monitoring module 5, the backup power supply 425 and the backup communication device 426 will be activated. The backup communication device 426 can transmit data to the monitoring platform wirelessly. When the sliding connecting block 41 moves to the debris flow... At the point of origin of the debris flow, the drive motor 423 is decelerated. Then, the initial position of the debris flow is detected by the camera 427 and the sensor module 429. The drive motor 423 is then accelerated until the sliding connecting block 41 is moved downstream of the debris flow. The speed of the drive motor 423 is then controlled, and the flow velocity of the debris flow is detected by the flow velocity sensor in the sensor module 429. This ensures that the speed of the drive motor 423's rotation is equal to the speed of the debris flow, causing the sliding connecting block 41 to follow the debris flow. This allows for the detection and positioning of the debris flow's flow velocity. The camera 427 monitors the state of the debris flow in real time, observes its destructive force, and transmits the data to the monitoring platform. The monitoring platform can then monitor the debris flow in real time, providing early warnings and enabling downstream personnel and equipment to be protected or evacuated.

[0103] After the monitoring process is completed, the drive motor 423 reverses and drives the sliding connecting block 41 to move upstream to its original position along the sliding track 3. Then, the maintenance staff reconnects the plug-in connector of the debris flow monitoring module 4 at the initial position to the rainfall monitoring module 5, waiting for the next monitoring.

[0104] It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the detailed structure and arrangement of the components proposed in this invention. This invention can have other embodiments and can be implemented and performed in various ways. The foregoing variations and modifications fall within the scope of this invention. It should be understood that the invention disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternative combinations of two or more individual features mentioned or apparent in the text and / or drawings. All these different combinations constitute multiple alternative aspects of this invention. The embodiments described herein illustrate the best known mode for implementing this invention and will enable those skilled in the art to utilize this invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning device for debris flow gullies in canyon drop sections, characterized in that, include: Support columns, each of which is buried and fixed on both sides of the debris flow ditch; A connecting frame is fixedly connected to one end of the support column away from the debris flow ditch, and is used to connect the two support columns located on both sides of the debris flow ditch. A sliding track is fixed on the connecting frame near the debris flow ditch, and the extending direction of the sliding track is consistent with the extending direction of the debris flow ditch. The debris flow monitoring module is slidably connected to the sliding track and is used to move along the sliding track to monitor the debris flow status in the debris flow gully when a debris flow disaster occurs. The rainfall monitoring module is fixedly installed on one side of the debris flow gully, and the fixed position is close to the sliding track at the upstream end of the debris flow gully; Specifically, when the debris flow monitoring module is in its initial position, the debris flow monitoring module is electrically connected to the rainfall monitoring module, and after the debris flow monitoring module begins to move, the electrical connection between the debris flow monitoring module and the rainfall monitoring module is disconnected.

2. The monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The debris flow monitoring module includes a sliding connecting block and a monitoring component box, wherein: The sliding connecting block includes a support plate and a connecting arm. One end of the connecting arm is fixed to both ends of the support plate, and the sliding connecting block is hung on the sliding track through the other end of the connecting arm. The monitoring component box is fixedly mounted on the support plate on the side away from the sliding track.

3. The monitoring and early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sliding track includes a first fixed plate and a second fixed plate, as well as a connecting plate fixedly connected between the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate; The first fixing plate is fixedly connected to the connecting frame, and the opposite sides of the connecting plate are respectively fixed to the middle positions of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, forming the sliding track with an I-shaped cross section. The connecting arms of the sliding connecting block are hooked to both ends of the second fixing plate.

4. The monitoring and early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting arm includes a roller, which is disposed on the side of the connecting arm near the second fixed plate, and the sliding connecting block moves on the sliding track via the roller.

5. The monitoring and early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monitoring component box includes a top plate, a transparent protective cover, and a drive motor; The top plate and the transparent protective cover are fixedly connected to form the housing of the monitoring component box. The top plate is fixedly connected to the support plate to connect the housing to the sliding connecting block. The sliding connecting block and the housing move as a whole on the sliding track. The drive motor is located inside the housing and is fixedly connected to the top plate on the side near the inside of the housing. The shaft of the drive motor passes through the top plate and the support plate.

6. The monitoring and early warning device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sliding track includes a fixed rack, one side of which is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding track away from the connecting frame, and the extending direction of the fixed rack is consistent with the extending direction of the sliding track. A gear is sleeved at the end of the shaft of the drive motor, and the gear meshes with the fixed rack. When the drive motor rotates, it drives the housing and the sliding connecting block to move on the sliding track.

7. The monitoring and early warning device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The monitoring component box also includes two backup power supplies, backup communication equipment, a camera, an expansion module, and a sensor group module; The drive motor is located in the middle of the top plate, the backup power supply is symmetrically connected to both sides of the top plate, and the expansion module and the sensor group module are respectively fixedly connected to the side of the backup power supply away from the top plate. A circuit board is fixed between the backup power supplies, the top plate is parallel to the circuit board, the backup communication device is located on the side of the circuit board closer to the top plate, and the camera is located on the side of the circuit board away from the top plate. The backup communication device is electrically connected to the expansion module, the sensor group module and the camera via a vibration sensing switch, and the backup communication device is electrically connected to the backup power supply via a wire.

8. The monitoring and early warning device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The monitoring and early warning device also includes at least two vibration sensors, which are evenly spaced on the toothless side of the fixed rack.

9. The monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rainfall monitoring module includes a rain gauge, a power distribution box mechanism, and a pole. One end of the pole is buried and fixed to one side of the debris flow ditch, the power distribution box mechanism and the rain gauge are fixed to the other end of the pole, and at least two vibration sensors are installed on the sliding track and electrically connected to the internal data transmission equipment of the power distribution box mechanism through wires. The power distribution box is connected to the host computer via the internal data transmission device, and the rain gauge is electrically connected to the internal data transmission device. The rain gauge is used to monitor the rainfall in this area in real time. When the debris flow monitoring module is in its initial position, both the debris flow monitoring module and the rainfall monitoring module are located upstream of the debris flow gully. The debris flow monitoring module and the rainfall monitoring module are connected by a plug-in connector to achieve electrical connection between the expansion module, sensor group module, camera and backup power supply set in the debris flow monitoring module and the power distribution box mechanism. The rainfall monitoring module will upload the detected vibration signal and rainfall signal to the host computer. After receiving the control command from the host computer and driving the debris flow monitoring module to start moving, the electrical connection between the debris flow monitoring module and the rainfall monitoring module will be disconnected. The expansion module, the sensor group module, the camera and the backup communication device in the debris flow monitoring module will be electrically connected to the backup power supply.

10. The monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support column and the connecting frame form an angle at the connection point, and the angle is greater than 90° and less than 180°. A reinforcing rod is provided at the angle between the support column and the connecting frame. One end of the reinforcing rod is fixedly connected to the support column, and the other end is fixedly connected to the connecting frame.

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