Dynamic aerobic composting device suitable for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residues and organic wastes

Abstract

The utility model provides a dynamic aerobic composting device suitable for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residues and organic wastes, which relates to the field of biomass aerobic fermentation and comprises a sealed cylinder, a stirring shaft with a hollow structure and a ventilation fan, the sealing cylinder is obliquely arranged up and down in the horizontal direction, the two ends of the sealing cylinder are rotationally connected with the front wall plate and the rear wall plate correspondingly, and the sealing cylinder is used for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residues and organic waste; the stirring shaft is fixed in the sealing barrel in the axial direction of the sealing barrel, double-helix blades are evenly arranged on the stirring shaft, vent holes are evenly formed in the stirring shaft in the length direction of the stirring shaft, and an air outlet pipe of the ventilation fan is sealed with the rear wall plate and the tail end of the sealing barrel and then penetrates into a cavity of the stirring shaft; an oxygen sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor and a water inlet are arranged on the sealed cylinder at intervals. The problem of long composting period caused by difficulty in precise and automatic linkage regulation and control of multiple indexes of temperature, humidity and oxygen during synergistic fermentation of the traditional Chinese medicine residues and the organic wastes is solved.

Description

A dynamic aerobic composting device suitable for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste. Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aerobic fermentation of biomass, specifically to a dynamic aerobic composting device suitable for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the treatment and resource utilization of TCM residue, a byproduct of TCM preparations and medicinal material processing, faces significant challenges. The amount of TCM residue generated is enormous, and traditional treatment methods such as landfilling or incineration not only waste organic resources but also cause environmental pollution. Simultaneously, organic waste (such as straw and livestock manure) also presents similar problems. For example, a common method of straw disposal is open-air burning, which not only wastes the biomass energy in the straw but also generates large amounts of smoke and harmful gases, severely polluting the atmosphere. Livestock manure carries large amounts of harmful substances such as potassium salts, sodium salts, and nitrates, as well as heavy metals added to residual animal feed, such as copper, zinc, iron, and arsenic. When these substances accumulate beyond the soil's self-purification capacity, they cause changes in the soil's composition, structure, and function, reducing soil permeability, porosity, and productivity. These harmful substances accumulate in the soil and can also be indirectly absorbed by the human body through the soil-crop-human cycle, thus threatening human health. Therefore, how to efficiently and environmentally treat Chinese medicine residues and organic waste and realize their resource utilization has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) residue contains alkaloids, tannins, and other antibacterial components. These substances significantly delay the fermentation start-up time, making it difficult for traditional composting to quickly reach the high-temperature stage, resulting in long processing cycles and poor composting effects. Addressing this issue primarily focuses on the screening of microbial strains and the optimization of fermentation processes. Currently, functional strains with highly efficient cellulose degradation capabilities, such as Bacillus cellulose and lactic acid bacteria, have been screened. However, the practical applicability of these strains in the highly antibacterial environment of TCM residue is limited, often requiring complex pretreatment to improve their effectiveness. For a long time, static composting equipment has mostly been designed for single organic wastes, and in practical applications, it suffers from the following shortcomings, making it difficult to achieve co-fermentation of TCM residue with organic wastes such as straw and livestock manure: 1. Static composting lacks dynamic turning devices, leading to uneven oxygen distribution in the compost material, easily causing localized anaerobic environments, producing odors, and affecting compost quality. 2. TCM residue itself has a high moisture content, but during composting, it is prone to rapid water loss or excessive water accumulation. Static composting equipment cannot achieve precise humidity control, resulting in low composting efficiency.

[0004] Currently, dynamic composting devices, by integrating turning and oxygen delivery functions, can perform co-fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste. For example, Chinese patent application number 202221320922.7 discloses a dynamic composting device, but its design fails to cover the coordinated control of oxygen and humidity. Chinese patent application number 202221206394.2 discloses a closed continuous dynamic composting reactor, mainly for the resource utilization of solid waste, but its design fails to consider the difficulty in automatically controlling compost humidity during the composting process. Therefore, it is currently difficult to provide precise, automated, multi-indicator coordinated control of temperature, humidity, and oxygen during the composting of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste, given the special characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine residue, resulting in a long composting cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a dynamic aerobic composting device suitable for the mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste. It solves the problem of long composting cycles caused by the difficulty in accurately and automatically controlling multiple indicators such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen during the co-fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A dynamic aerobic composting device suitable for mixed fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine residue and organic waste includes a sealed cylinder, a hollow stirring shaft, and a ventilation fan.

[0008] The sealed cylinder is inclined vertically along the horizontal direction, and its two ends are rotatably connected to the front wall plate and the rear wall plate, respectively. The sealed cylinder is used for the mixed fermentation of Chinese medicine residue and organic waste.

[0009] The stirring shaft is fixed in the sealing cylinder along the axial direction of the sealing cylinder. Double helical blades are evenly arranged on the stirring shaft. Ventilation holes are evenly opened on the stirring shaft along its own length. The air outlet pipe of the ventilation fan is sealed with the rear wall plate and the end of the sealing cylinder and extends into the cavity of the stirring shaft.

[0010] The sealed cylinder is equipped with an oxygen sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, and a water inlet at intervals.

[0011] The further improvement of this utility model is as follows:

[0012] Several observation windows are provided on both radial sides of the sealed cylinder. All observation windows are equipped with reinforced glass, and rubber rings are installed between the reinforced glass and the observation windows.

[0013] It also includes a number of scrapers spaced apart on the inner wall of the sealing cylinder. The scrapers are distributed on the inner wall of the sealing cylinder, forming an upper row of scrapers and a lower row of scrapers. The scrapers in the upper row of scrapers and the scrapers in the lower row of scrapers are staggered.

[0014] The stirring shaft includes a central shaft that coincides with the central shaft of the sealing cylinder and hollow shafts distributed outside the central shaft. The two ends of the central shaft are fixedly connected to the front wall plate and the rear wall plate, respectively. One end of the hollow shaft is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the front end of the sealing cylinder, and the other end of the hollow shaft is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rear end of the sealing cylinder. Vent holes are provided on the hollow shaft.

[0015] It also includes cross roller bearings fixed on the front and rear wall panels, the end faces of all cross roller bearings being in contact with the inner walls of the front and rear wall panels, and all cross roller bearings being spaced apart and circumferentially arranged on the front and rear wall panels to form a first ring assembly and a second ring assembly, respectively, with the inner ring of the cross roller bearings fixed on the inner walls of the front and rear wall panels.

[0016] The outer wall plate at the front end of the sealing cylinder is provided with a first annular groove corresponding to the position of the first annular assembly, and the outer wall plate at the rear end of the sealing cylinder is provided with a second annular groove corresponding to the position of the second annular assembly. After the outer wall plate at the front end of the sealing cylinder is attached to the front wall plate, the first annular groove is movably fitted onto the first annular assembly. After the outer wall plate at the rear end of the sealing cylinder is attached to the rear wall plate, the second annular groove is movably fitted onto the second annular assembly.

[0017] The sealing cylinder is uniformly wrapped with two magnetic strips along its length. Each magnetic strip is distributed around the circumference of the sealing cylinder. Two magnetic drive motors are symmetrically fixed at the bottom of the radial sides of each magnetic strip. The drive end of each magnetic drive motor is attached to the magnetic strip.

[0018] The oxygen sensors are three in number, respectively arranged at the front, middle and rear ends of the sealed cylinder; the temperature sensors are three in number, respectively arranged at the front, middle and rear ends of the sealed cylinder; and the humidity sensors are two in number, respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the sealed cylinder.

[0019] It also includes a PLC controller, with the output terminals of all oxygen sensors connected to the input terminals of the PLC controller, and the output terminals of the PLC controller connected to the input terminals of the ventilation fan;

[0020] The outputs of all humidity and temperature sensors are connected to the input of the PLC controller, and the output of the PLC controller is connected to the input of the magnetic drive motor.

[0021] A support side plate is provided on the outer side of the rear wall panel, and the support side plate is distributed perpendicularly to the rear wall panel.

[0022] A safety valve is also installed on the sealed cylinder;

[0023] The sealed cylinder is also wrapped with a polyurethane insulation layer.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] This invention provides a dynamic aerobic composting device suitable for the mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste. The sealed cylinder is inclined vertically along the horizontal direction. Protected by front and rear wall plates, the cylinder periodically turns the material. Double helical blades ensure thorough material agitation. An oxygen sensor monitors the oxygen concentration of the material; if it falls below a set value, a blower is activated for adjustment. A humidity sensor monitors the humidity of the material; if it falls below a set value, turning stops. Water is added through the inlet for adjustment. A temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the material; if it exceeds a set maximum value, the turning frequency is increased to accelerate heat dissipation; if it falls below a set minimum value, the turning frequency is decreased to retain heat. After the first fermentation cycle is completed, a portion of the composted material is discharged from the outlet under the combined action of gravity and the driving force of the stirring shaft. Simultaneously, new material is added from the inlet. After further fermentation, another portion is discharged. This method achieves a continuous fermentation mode with stable output. During continuous fermentation, on the one hand, it efficiently mixes newly added materials with the remaining fermenting materials, ensuring the uniformity of the entire fermentation system; on the other hand, continuous stirring and turning further optimizes the distribution of oxygen in the materials, avoiding the formation of localized anaerobic zones. Furthermore, oxygen concentration and temperature / humidity are continuously monitored and adjusted during continuous fermentation. This continuous fermentation and unique combined stirring structure design significantly shortens the composting cycle. Experimental data shows that the composting cycle of traditional equipment is typically 30-40 days, while this device can shorten the composting cycle to 15-20 days, effectively improving the production efficiency of organic fertilizer and providing a more efficient solution for the co-fermentation and resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste. The stirring shaft integrates a spiral turning structure, achieving uniform oxygen distribution through periodic turning of the compost materials and avoiding the formation of localized anaerobic zones. Combined with oxygen sensors and air intake fans, the oxygen concentration is adjusted in real time according to fermentation needs, ensuring it is maintained within the optimal range of 10%-15%. A humidity sensor enables dynamic humidity control during fermentation, ensuring the material moisture content remains between 50% and 60%, effectively preventing excessive drying or water accumulation. Designed for mixing various organic wastes such as medicinal herb residue and crop straw, this invention significantly improves co-fermentation efficiency. This invention combines dynamic turning, oxygen control, humidity control, and composting monitoring during fermentation. It is easy to operate, significantly shortens the composting cycle, and improves the quality of the composted product (organic matter content and humic acid content). Suitable for the co-processing of multi-source waste, it provides a new solution for the efficient resource utilization of medicinal herb residue, and is particularly applicable to agricultural organic fertilizer production, pharmaceutical waste treatment, and ecological environmental engineering applications, opening up new pathways for the resource utilization of organic waste.Furthermore, this invention enables omnidirectional turning of materials, increasing the efficiency of each turning by 30%, accelerating organic matter degradation, and shortening fermentation start-up time by approximately 30%. During the fermentation cycle, the organic matter degradation rate of the mixed medicinal herb residue and straw can be increased to over 85%, and the seed germination index of the produced organic fertilizer reaches over 90%. By improving processing efficiency, reducing labor costs, and improving compost quality, it offers good long-term economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device described in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of Figure 1.

[0028] In the diagram: 1-Feed inlet; 2-Crossed roller bearing; 3-Central shaft; 4-Hollow shaft; 5-Magnetic strip; 6-Magnetic drive motor; 7-Ventilation hole; 8-Scraper; 9-Observation window; 10-Double helical blade; 11-Ventilation fan; 12-Oxygen sensor; 13-Humidity sensor; 14-Temperature sensor; 15-Support side plate; 16-Safety valve; 17-Water inlet; 18-Sealed cylinder; 19-Front wall plate; 20-Rear wall plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The description is for explanation and not limitation of the present invention.

[0030] This utility model discloses a dynamic aerobic composting device suitable for mixed fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine residue and organic waste, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. It includes a sealed cylinder 18, a hollow stirring shaft and a ventilation fan 11, an oxygen sensor 12, a humidity sensor 13, a temperature sensor 14, and a magnetic drive motor 6.

[0031] The sealed cylinder 18 adopts a horizontal cylindrical structure, inclined vertically along the horizontal direction, and is made of 316L stainless steel with a wall thickness of 5mm. The inner wall is treated with an anti-adhesion coating and the surface is polished, giving it excellent corrosion resistance and strength. It can withstand the acidic substances and high-temperature environment generated during the mixed fermentation and composting of Chinese herbal medicine residue and organic waste. Fixed front and rear walls are provided at both ends, respectively, and are rotatably connected to the front wall plate 19 and the rear wall plate 20. The stirring shaft is fixed in the sealed cylinder 18 along its axial direction. Double helical blades 10 are evenly arranged on the stirring shaft, and several ventilation holes 7 are evenly opened along its length. The exhaust pipe of the ventilation fan 11 is sealed to the rear wall plate 20 and the end of the sealed cylinder 18 and extends into the cavity of the stirring shaft. An oxygen sensor 12, a humidity sensor 13, a temperature sensor 14, and a water inlet 17 are spaced apart on the sealed cylinder 18.

[0032] Specifically, crossed roller bearings 2 are bolted to the front wall plate 19 and the rear wall plate 20. The inner end faces of all crossed roller bearings 2 are in contact with the inner walls of the front wall plate 19 and the rear wall plate 20. At the same time, all crossed roller bearings 2 are spaced apart and circumferentially arranged on the front wall plate 19 and the rear wall plate 20, with a center of a circle, and are respectively arranged into a first ring assembly and a second ring assembly of the same size. Specifically, the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing 2 is fixed to the inner wall of the front wall plate 19 and the rear wall plate 20, so that the outer ring can move freely; the outer wall plate at the front end of the sealing cylinder 18 The sealing cylinder 18 has a first annular groove corresponding to the position of the first annular assembly. The outer wall plate at the rear end of the sealing cylinder 18 has a second annular groove corresponding to the position of the second annular assembly. After the outer wall plate at the front end of the sealing cylinder 18 is attached to the front wall plate 19, the first annular groove is movably fitted on the first annular assembly with a clearance fit. After the outer wall plate at the rear end of the sealing cylinder 18 is attached to the rear wall plate 20, the second annular groove is movably fitted on the second annular assembly with a clearance fit. This ensures that the friction is very small when the sealing cylinder 18 rotates with the front wall plate 19 and the rear wall plate 20.

[0033] The stirring shaft includes a central shaft 3 (inner layer, solid stainless steel shaft, 70mm in diameter) that coincides with the central shaft of the sealed cylinder 18, and hollow shafts 4 distributed outside the central shaft 3. Both are concentric and coaxial. The two ends of the central shaft 3 are fixedly connected to the front wall plate 19 and the rear wall plate 20, respectively. One end of the hollow shaft 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the front end of the sealed cylinder 18, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rear end of the sealed cylinder 18. An inlet 1 communicating with the sealed cylinder 18 is located above the front wall plate 19, and an outlet is located at the rear wall plate 20. The stirring shaft also functions as a venting pipe, with vent holes 7 located on the hollow shaft 4. Both the central shaft 3 and the hollow shaft 4 are made of 45# steel with a galvanized surface. A set of double helical blades 10 is arranged axially every 500mm on the hollow shaft 4. The spiral blades are made of 6mm thick stainless steel plate, with a blade width of 200mm, an outer diameter of 1400mm, and a pitch of 800mm. The material is high-strength alloy steel with a corrosion-resistant coating to ensure thorough material agitation. Several scrapers 8 are spaced apart on the inner wall of the sealed cylinder 18, linked to the blades. The scrapers 8 are 150mm wide and 1000mm long, employing a segmented structure. The scrapers 8 are distributed vertically along the inner wall of the sealed cylinder 18, forming upper and lower rows. The scrapers 8 in the upper and lower rows are staggered with a spacing of 500mm. The bottom is designed with an arc shape and is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), adhering to the inner wall of the sealed cylinder 18 to prevent material adhesion. Each turning operation allows for more than 80% material to exchange positions, increasing oxygen utilization by 30% and effectively alleviating localized anaerobic problems.

[0034] Several observation windows 9 (20 cm in diameter, 1500 mm apart, made of reinforced glass and sealed with rubber rings) are provided on both radial sides of the sealed cylinder 18. The cylinder has an inner diameter of 1.5 meters and a length of 5 meters, and is equipped with a safety valve 16. Considering the looseness of the material and the space for turning over, the effective loading volume is 5 / 8 of the total volume. The cylinder is wrapped with a 50 mm thick polyurethane insulation layer with a thermal conductivity coefficient ≤0.024 W / (m·K), which can effectively reduce heat loss and maintain a stable internal temperature. Two magnetic strips 5 are uniformly fixedly wrapped around the sealed cylinder 18 along its length. Each magnetic strip 5 is distributed around the circumference of the sealed cylinder 18. Two magnetic drive motors 6 are symmetrically fixed at the bottom of the radial sides of each magnetic strip 5, and the drive end of each magnetic drive motor 6 is in contact with the magnetic strip 5. Four magnetic drive motors 6 drive the cylinder to rotate. The cylinder and stirring shaft are an integral structure. The cylinder is tilted at 5° and is vertically supported by support side plates 15 at the rear wall plate 20, maintaining the 5° tilt angle. The rear wall plate 20 is also reinforced to prevent premature damage due to excessive weight at the rear end of the cylinder. If material agglomeration is observed through the observation window 9, the direction of rotation of the magnetic drive motors 6 is adjusted to reverse the cylinder's rotation and disperse the agglomerates. Once the material is fully fermented, under the combined action of gravity and the driving force of the stirring shaft (while still rotating in the same direction), the material moves along the tilt direction of the cylinder to the lower end and exits from the discharge port.

[0035] There are three oxygen sensors 12, three temperature sensors 14, and two humidity sensors 13. As a specific control method, this invention also includes a PLC controller. The output terminals of all oxygen sensors 12 are connected to the input terminals of the PLC controller, and the output terminals of the PLC controller are connected to the input terminals of the ventilation fan 11. The output terminals of all humidity sensors 13 and temperature sensors 14 are connected to the input terminals of the PLC controller, and the output terminals of the PLC controller are connected to the input terminals of the magnetic drive motor 6.

[0036] Ventilation fan 11 uses a 1.5kW centrifugal fan, installed outside the cylinder, with the fan duct extending 10cm into the mixing shaft, and a maximum air volume of 1000m³ / h. 3With a static pressure of 2000Pa, the system can meet the oxygen supply needs at different stages. Oxygen sensor 12 is an electrochemical oxygen sensor with a measurement range of 0-25%, an accuracy of ±0.1%, and a response time of <15 seconds. It is installed at three key locations inside the cylinder (axial distribution: one oxygen sensor at the front, middle, and rear ends along the cylinder axis. Given the composting cylinder length is 5 meters, installing sensors at distances of 1 meter from the front, 2.5 meters from the middle, and 4 meters from the rear is suitable. The front sensor monitors the oxygen concentration in the area where materials are first added, indicating the initial oxygen content upon material entry; the middle sensor reflects changes in oxygen concentration during fermentation in the middle of the cylinder, the core fermentation area where material residence time is long and reactions are complex; the rear sensor monitors the oxygen concentration in the area about to discharge, assessing oxygen utilization in the later stages of fermentation and avoiding measurement accuracy issues caused by the opening and closing of the discharge port). This system is used for real-time oxygen concentration monitoring. The fan starts when the oxygen concentration is below 10% and automatically stops when the concentration is above 15%, maintaining the oxygen concentration inside the cylinder between 10% and 15%. Compared to traditional static composting, it can increase oxygen utilization by 50% and accelerate the degradation of organic matter.

[0037] Humidity sensor 13 is a capacitive humidity sensor with a measurement range of 0-100%RH, an accuracy of ±2%RH, and a response time of <10 seconds. Humidity sensor 13 is positioned at both the front and rear ends of the cylinder to monitor the humidity of the material inside the cylinder and adjust the humidity level based on real-time feedback. Humidity sensor 13 transmits the collected real-time humidity data to the PLC controller as an analog signal. The PLC controller determines whether the humidity is below a set value (e.g., 50%) based on preset control logic. When the humidity is below the set value, the cylinder is shut off by the magnetic drive motor 6, and humidification is manually added through the water inlet 17. After water addition is complete, the cylinder begins to rotate. During the rotation, the feedback from the humidity sensor 13 is observed. If the humidity is still below the set value, the above steps are continued until the humidity returns to the target range (e.g., 50%-60%). When the humidity exceeds 60%, water is discharged from the water inlet 17 (which also functions as an exhaust port). The water inlet 17 can discharge waste gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microbial decomposition of organic matter, providing an exhaust channel for these waste gases and preventing their accumulation inside the cylinder. In this way, the exhaust port participates in humidity control, keeping the material humidity within a suitable range of 50%-60%, while maintaining the pressure balance inside and outside the cylinder and preventing cylinder deformation due to pressure differences. This equipment reduces humidity fluctuations by 50% compared to traditional composting methods.

[0038] Temperature sensors 14, employing PT100 platinum resistance thermometers, are positioned at the front, middle, and rear ends of the sealed cylinder 18. They measure temperatures from -50°C to 200°C with an accuracy of ±0.1°C, ensuring measurement accuracy. All sensor probes extend into the material, and data is collected every 5 minutes to ensure real-time performance.

[0039] As the core control unit, the PLC controller is responsible for data acquisition, logic judgment, and issuing equipment switching commands to achieve automatic adjustment of the environment inside the cylinder. The PLC controller collects sensor signals and makes judgments at regular intervals (e.g., every hour), and monitors various data in real time through the PLC's I / O modules.

[0040] Example

[0041] The implementation plan for this device includes two parts: fermentation operation and process monitoring. It aims to efficiently utilize medicinal herb residue mixed with other organic waste to produce high-quality organic fertilizer. First, the raw materials include medicinal herb residue (50%), crop straw (30%), and livestock manure (20%), with the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjusted to 25:1, while controlling the initial moisture content at 60%. Two tons of the mixed raw materials are loaded into the composting cylinder through the equipment's inlet. Specifically,

[0042] Step 1: Feed materials that meet the composting standards into the cylinder through inlet 1, and the composting device will start operating.

[0043] Step 2: The turning device periodically turns the material to ensure uniform distribution of oxygen and heat and avoid local anaerobic conditions. During operation, the sensors provide real-time feedback on oxygen concentration, humidity and temperature.

[0044] Step 3: When the oxygen concentration is not between 10% and 15%, the PLC controller adjusts the air intake of the ventilation fan 11 according to the data fed back by the oxygen sensor 12.

[0045] According to the humidity sensor 13, when the humidity is below 50%, the cylinder is shut down through the PLC controller and water is added to the normal level.

[0046] Temperature sensor 14 provides synchronous real-time feedback to adjust the operating frequency of the turning device. When the material temperature is above 60 degrees Celsius, the turning frequency is increased to accelerate heat dissipation; when the material temperature is below 30 degrees Celsius, the turning frequency is decreased to retain heat. When the turning frequency is high, the material is mixed more evenly, internal heat is easily dissipated, and the temperature drops; when the turning frequency is low, the material is piled up tightly, heat dissipation is slow, and the temperature rises easily.

[0047] Step 4: The successfully composted material is piled up at the rear end of the cylinder. The composted material is collected through the discharge port (one-third of the composted material is retained). At the same time, fresh material is fed in through the feed port. Under the rotation of the cylinder, the material is mixed with the remaining composted material from the previous stage, which accelerates the composting of the fresh material. This cycle is repeated.

[0048] We then compared it with the existing 11FFG-120 vertical fermenter using the following key indicators.

[0049] Key metrics include:

[0050] Seed germination index (GI): A composite index of seed germination rate and root length in compost product leachate; ≥90% indicates compost maturity. Measurement method: Take compost product leachate, dilute it with distilled water to an appropriate concentration, soak the seeds in it, observe the changes in germination rate and root length, and calculate the GI value.

[0051] Organic matter content: Determined by potassium dichromate oxidation method, ensuring that the organic matter content of the final compost product is ≥45%. Determination method: The dried compost sample is reacted with potassium dichromate solution, and the organic matter content is calculated by titration to determine the amount consumed.

[0052] pH value: The pH value of mature compost is between 6.5 and 8.5, as measured by a pH meter. Measurement method: Mix the compost sample with distilled water at a ratio of 1:10 (by mass) and measure the pH using a pH meter.

[0053] Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C / N): The C / N ratio should be reduced to below 15:1 after composting matures. Determination method: Nitrogen content is determined by the Kjeldahl method, and the total organic carbon content of the dried sample is determined by combustion.

[0054] Humic acid content: reflects the degree of accumulation of stable organic matter in compost. Determination method: Humic acid is extracted using the alkali-dissolution-acid-precipitation method, and its content is determined spectrophotometrically.

[0055] The data obtained are shown in Table 1: it can be seen that all indicators are better than those of existing fermenters.

[0056] Table 1 Summary of Indicator Comparisons

[0057]

Claims

1. A dynamic aerobic composting device suitable for the mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste, characterized in that, The device includes a sealed cylinder (18), a hollow stirring shaft, and a ventilation fan (11). The sealed cylinder (18) is inclined vertically along the horizontal direction. The two ends of the sealed cylinder (18) are rotatably connected to the front wall plate (19) and the rear wall plate (20), respectively. The sealed cylinder (18) is used for the mixed fermentation of Chinese medicine residue and organic waste. The stirring shaft is fixed in the sealed cylinder (18) along the axial direction. Double helical blades (10) are evenly arranged on the stirring shaft. Ventilation holes (7) are evenly opened along the length of the stirring shaft. The air outlet pipe of the ventilation fan (11) is sealed with the rear wall plate (20) and the end of the sealed cylinder (18) and then extends into the cavity of the stirring shaft. An oxygen sensor (12), a humidity sensor (13), a temperature sensor (14), and a water inlet (17) are arranged at intervals on the sealed cylinder (18).

2. The dynamic aerobic composting device for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed cylinder (18) has several observation windows (9) on its radial sides. All observation windows (9) are equipped with reinforced glass, and rubber rings are installed in the gap between the reinforced glass and the observation window (9).

3. The dynamic aerobic composting device for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a number of scrapers (8) spaced apart on the inner wall of the sealing cylinder (18). The scrapers (8) are distributed vertically on the inner wall of the sealing cylinder (18) to form an upper row of scrapers and a lower row of scrapers. The scrapers (8) in the upper row of scrapers and the scrapers (8) in the lower row of scrapers are staggered.

4. The dynamic aerobic composting device for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stirring shaft includes a central shaft (3) that coincides with the central shaft of the sealing cylinder (18) and a hollow shaft (4) distributed outside the central shaft (3). The two ends of the central shaft (3) are fixedly connected to the front wall plate (19) and the rear wall plate (20) respectively. One end of the hollow shaft (4) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the front end of the sealing cylinder (18), and the other end of the hollow shaft (4) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rear end of the sealing cylinder (18). A vent hole (7) is provided on the hollow shaft (4).

5. The dynamic aerobic composting device for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes crossed roller bearings (2) fixed on the front wall plate (19) and the rear wall plate (20), the end faces of all crossed roller bearings (2) being in contact with the inner walls of the front wall plate (19) and the rear wall plate (20), all crossed roller bearings (2) being spaced apart and circumferentially arranged on the front wall plate (19) and the rear wall plate (20) respectively to form a first ring assembly and a second ring assembly, and the inner rings of the crossed roller bearings (2) being fixed on the inner walls of the front wall plate (19) and the rear wall plate (20); The outer wall plate at the front end of the sealing cylinder (18) is provided with a first annular groove corresponding to the position of the first annular assembly. The outer wall plate at the rear end of the sealing cylinder (18) is provided with a second annular groove corresponding to the position of the second annular assembly. After the outer wall plate at the front end of the sealing cylinder (18) is attached to the front wall plate (19), the first annular groove is movably fitted on the first annular assembly. After the outer wall plate at the rear end of the sealing cylinder (18) is attached to the rear wall plate (20), the second annular groove is movably fitted on the second annular assembly.

6. The dynamic aerobic composting device for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing cylinder (18) is uniformly wrapped with two magnetic strips (5) along its own length. Each magnetic strip (5) is distributed around the circumference of the sealing cylinder (18). Two magnetic drive motors (6) are symmetrically fixed on the bottom of the radial sides of each magnetic strip (5). The drive end of each magnetic drive motor (6) is attached to the magnetic strip (5).

7. The dynamic aerobic composting device for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The oxygen sensors (12) are three in number, respectively arranged at the front, middle and rear ends of the sealed cylinder (18), the temperature sensors (14) are three in number, respectively arranged at the front, middle and rear ends of the sealed cylinder (18), and the humidity sensors (13) are two in number, respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the sealed cylinder (18).

8. The dynamic aerobic composting device for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a PLC controller, the output terminals of all oxygen sensors (12) are connected to the input terminals of the PLC controller, the output terminals of the PLC controller are connected to the input terminals of the ventilation fan (11); the output terminals of all humidity sensors (13) and temperature sensors (14) are connected to the input terminals of the PLC controller, and the output terminals of the PLC controller are connected to the input terminals of the magnetic drive motor (6).

9. The dynamic aerobic composting device for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support side plate (15) is provided on the outer side of the rear wall panel (20), and the support side plate (15) is perpendicular to the rear wall panel (20).

10. The dynamic aerobic composting device for mixed fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residue and organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, A safety valve (16) is also installed on the sealing cylinder (18); the outside of the sealing cylinder (18) is also wrapped with a polyurethane insulation layer.

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