Automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouse

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of ventilation devices, in particular to a vegetable greenhouse automatic ventilation device which comprises an air inlet box, an air outlet box, a top air inlet mechanism and a greenhouse body. An air exhaust box used for circulating air is arranged on one side of the air inlet box, a greenhouse body is arranged between the air inlet box and the air exhaust box in a matched mode, an air inlet groove is formed in the bottom of one side of the greenhouse body, an air outlet groove is formed in the bottom of the other side of the greenhouse body, and the air inlet box and the air exhaust box are located in the air inlet groove and the air outlet groove respectively; a top air inlet mechanism is arranged above the greenhouse body, and an air inlet cavity is formed in an air inlet box; the top air inlet mechanism is matched with the air inlet box and the air exhaust box on the side face, and angle adjustment of the flow guide plate is combined, so that the air flow speed in the middle and corner areas of the greenhouse which is originally difficult to ventilate is increased, the temperature and humidity difference is greatly reduced, the growth consistency of vegetables is effectively improved, and the overall yield and quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ventilation device technology, and in particular to an automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses. Background Technology

[0002] In modern agricultural production, vegetable greenhouses have become an important facility for ensuring year-round vegetable supply and improving agricultural production efficiency due to their ability to create a stable and controllable environment for vegetable growth. However, the environmental control inside the greenhouse directly affects the growth, development, yield and quality of vegetables. Among them, ventilation devices are key equipment for regulating temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and removing harmful gases inside the greenhouse.

[0003] Traditional ventilation systems typically cause air to flow faster near the vents in greenhouses, while air flows slower in areas further away. This results in temperature and humidity not being regulated in time, creating localized high-temperature and high-humidity environments that severely affect the uniformity of vegetable growth.

[0004] Therefore, to address the shortcomings of traditional ventilation devices, where airflow is faster near the vents and slower in areas far from the vents, an automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses can be designed. By employing a tiered ventilation mechanism at the top and sides, the device can promote uniform ventilation within the greenhouse, thereby facilitating the solution of the aforementioned problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional ventilation devices, where air flows faster near the vents and slower in areas far from the vents, this utility model provides an automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses.

[0006] The technical solution is as follows: an automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses, including an air inlet box, an air outlet box, a top air inlet mechanism, and a greenhouse body; an air outlet box for circulating air is provided on one side of the air inlet box, and a greenhouse body for growing vegetables is matched between the air inlet box and the air outlet box; an air inlet slot for accommodating the air inlet box is opened at the bottom of one side of the greenhouse body, and an air outlet slot for accommodating the air outlet box is opened at the bottom of the other side of the greenhouse body; the air inlet box and the air outlet box are located inside the air inlet slot and the air outlet slot, respectively; a top air inlet mechanism for ventilating the top of the greenhouse is provided above the greenhouse body; an air inlet chamber is opened inside the air inlet box, and a first air intake fan mechanism for conveying air is located at the center of the air inlet chamber; an air exhaust chamber is opened inside the air exhaust box, and an air exhaust fan mechanism for discharging air is located at the center of the air exhaust chamber.

[0007] Furthermore, multiple sets of guide vanes are linearly arranged at one end of the air inlet chamber near the exhaust box. Both ends of the multiple sets of guide vanes are provided with movable shafts. Movable holes corresponding to the movable shafts are opened at the top and bottom of the air inlet chamber near the exhaust box. Multiple sets of micro actuators are linearly arranged at the bottom of the air inlet box. One end of the movable shaft at the lower end of the guide vane passes through the movable hole and is connected to the output shaft of the micro actuator.

[0008] Furthermore, a first protective slot is provided at both ends of the air inlet cavity, and a first protective mesh cover is installed inside the first protective slot.

[0009] Furthermore, a control panel is located above the end of the air intake box near the exhaust box. The surface of the control panel integrates a display panel and multiple control buttons. Temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and carbon dioxide sensors are arranged in a linear sequence at the front of the control panel. A battery pack electrically connected to the control panel is located at the bottom of the control panel.

[0010] Furthermore, a second protective slot is provided at both ends of the exhaust cavity, and a second protective mesh cover is provided inside the second protective slot.

[0011] Furthermore, the top air intake mechanism includes a bucket-shaped air intake hood, inside which is a second air intake fan mechanism. At the front end of the bucket-shaped air intake hood is a third protective net cover, and at the rear end of the bucket-shaped air intake hood is an arc-shaped air duct. The arc-shaped air duct is located above the greenhouse body, and one end of the arc-shaped air duct is connected to the bucket-shaped air intake hood. A fixing frame for fixing the bucket-shaped air intake hood is provided on one side of the air intake box.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple sets of extension pipes are linearly arranged at the outer end of the arc-shaped air duct near the greenhouse body. Multiple sets of top air holes corresponding to the extension pipes are evenly opened on the top of the greenhouse body. One end of the extension pipe is connected to the arc-shaped air duct, and the other end of the extension pipe extends through the top air hole into the interior of the greenhouse body. An air outlet is provided at the other end of the extension pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, a fixing rod is provided at the end of the arc-shaped air duct away from the bucket-shaped air inlet hood, and one end of the fixing rod is connected to the arc-shaped air duct. A fixing seat is provided on one side of the exhaust box, and the end of the fixing rod away from the arc-shaped air duct is connected to the fixing seat.

[0014] The beneficial effect is that, compared to traditional ventilation devices, where airflow is faster near the vents and slower in areas far from them, this application addresses the shortcomings of traditional ventilation systems. By coordinating the top air intake mechanism with the side air intake and exhaust boxes, and adjusting the angle of the guide vanes, the airflow in the central and corner areas of the greenhouse, which were previously difficult to ventilate, is accelerated. This significantly reduces temperature and humidity differences, effectively improving the uniformity of vegetable growth and increasing overall yield and quality. Temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide sensors monitor the greenhouse environment in real time and feed the data back to the control panel. The control panel automatically controls the ventilation system based on preset threshold ranges, including adjusting the air intake and ventilation intensity. This coordinated approach achieves precise environmental control, saving labor costs. The first, second, and third protective nets block external debris and debris within the greenhouse, protecting the fan mechanism, reducing equipment failure frequency, and ensuring equipment stability. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses according to this utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the air inlet box and the first air inlet fan mechanism of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the air inlet box and the guide plate combination of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the air outlet box and exhaust fan mechanism combination of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the top air inlet mechanism of this utility model.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Air inlet box; 101. Air inlet cavity; 102. First protective slot; 103. First protective mesh cover; 104. Fixing frame; 2. Exhaust box; 201. Exhaust cavity; 202. Second protective slot; 203. Second protective mesh cover; 204. Fixing base; 3. First air intake mechanism; 4. Top air intake mechanism; 401. Bucket-shaped air intake cover; 402. Arc-shaped air duct; 403. Second air intake mechanism; 404. 405. Third protective net cover; 406. Extension pipe; 407. Air outlet; 408. Fixing rod; 5. Greenhouse body; 501. Air inlet slot; 502. Air outlet slot; 503. Top air vent; 6. Control console; 7. Display panel; 8. Control buttons; 9. Temperature sensor; 10. Humidity sensor; 11. Carbon dioxide sensor; 12. Battery pack; 13. Guide plate; 14. Movable shaft; 15. Miniature driver; 16. Exhaust fan mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] In the relatively enclosed space of a greenhouse, the moisture produced by soil evaporation and plant transpiration is difficult to dissipate, easily leading to excessive humidity. High humidity not only affects the transpiration of vegetables, hindering the absorption and transport of nutrients, but also creates a breeding ground for pathogens. When ventilating, humid air is expelled from the greenhouse, and dry, fresh air enters, reducing the relative humidity inside. For example, during the growth of cucumbers, a relative humidity of 70%-80% is ideal. Ventilation can effectively prevent diseases such as downy mildew and gray mold caused by excessive humidity, ensuring the healthy growth of cucumbers.

[0023] Carbon dioxide, as an important raw material for plant photosynthesis, directly affects the yield and quality of vegetables in greenhouses. As the photosynthesis of vegetables continues, the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse will drop rapidly, especially during the day when there is plenty of sunlight. Ventilation can promptly introduce carbon dioxide-rich air from outside into the greenhouse, continuously "fueling" the photosynthesis of vegetables. Studies have shown that under suitable light and temperature conditions, increasing the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse to 800-1200 ppm can increase the photosynthetic efficiency of vegetables by 20%-30%, thereby significantly increasing yield. Taking tomatoes as an example, a sufficient supply of carbon dioxide can make the fruit fuller, more colorful, and have a higher vitamin content.

[0024] Ventilation also plays an indispensable role in pest and disease control. Good ventilation can disrupt the breeding environment of pests and diseases, reduce the reproduction rate of pathogens and pests, and the air flow can disperse pathogen spores, reducing their attachment and infection chances on the plant surface. At the same time, ventilation makes the air circulation between plants smoother, reduces the humidity on the leaf surface, and is not conducive to the germination and growth of pathogens. In addition, ventilation can also disperse the odors and pheromones of some pests, interfering with their normal behavior and reducing their aggregation and damage. For example, when controlling whiteflies, the number of whiteflies in a well-ventilated greenhouse is significantly lower than in a poorly ventilated greenhouse.

[0025] In addition to natural factors, the growth stage of vegetables also affects ventilation strategies. During the seedling stage, the plants are relatively fragile and have poor adaptability to environmental changes, so extra care should be taken when ventilating to avoid drastic fluctuations in temperature and humidity. As vegetables grow, their environmental needs will also change. During the flowering and fruiting period, they need a more sufficient supply of carbon dioxide and a more suitable temperature and humidity environment, so the frequency and duration of ventilation should be increased accordingly.

[0026] Uneven ventilation is immediately apparent in greenhouses. Upon entering a poorly ventilated greenhouse, the first thing you notice is the temperature difference. Near the vents, the air flows quickly, heat is rapidly carried away, and the temperature is significantly lower than in other areas of the greenhouse. In corners far from the vents, air circulation is poor, heat accumulates, and the temperature remains high. Humidity distribution is also uneven. In poorly ventilated areas, moisture from soil evaporation and plant transpiration cannot escape, resulting in damp air and even water accumulation on the ground. In well-ventilated areas, moisture dissipates quickly, and the air is relatively dry. These differences in temperature and humidity create distinctly different "microclimates" within the greenhouse, causing the same variety of vegetables to grow in vastly different ways in different areas.

[0027] Uneven ventilation poses a significant threat to vegetable growth. Differences in temperature and humidity can lead to inconsistent growth rates, affecting overall harvest time and yield. High-temperature and high-humidity areas are prone to pests and diseases such as gray mold and whiteflies. Once these pests and diseases occur, they can spread rapidly to surrounding areas, increasing the difficulty of control. Meanwhile, vegetables in low-temperature and dry areas may grow slowly, with yellowing leaves and poor fruit development due to lack of water and carbon dioxide. Long-term exposure to uneven ventilation can also reduce the quality, taste, and nutritional value of vegetables, impacting market sales and economic benefits.

[0028] Example

[0029] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the automatic ventilation device for a vegetable greenhouse includes an air inlet box 1, an air outlet box, a top air inlet mechanism 4, and a greenhouse body 5. An air outlet box 2 for circulating air is provided on one side of the air inlet box 1. A greenhouse body 5 for growing vegetables is matched between the air inlet box 1 and the air outlet box 2. An air inlet slot 501 for accommodating the air inlet box 1 is opened at the bottom of one side of the greenhouse body 5, and an air outlet slot 502 for accommodating the air outlet box 2 is opened at the bottom of the other side of the greenhouse body 5. The air inlet box 1 and the air outlet box 2 are located inside the air inlet slot 501 and the air outlet slot 502, respectively. A top air inlet mechanism 4 for ventilating the top of the greenhouse is provided above the greenhouse body 5. An air inlet cavity 101 is opened inside the air inlet box 1, and a first air intake fan mechanism 3 for conveying air is located at the center of the air inlet cavity 101. An air outlet cavity 201 is opened inside the air outlet box 2, and an air exhaust fan mechanism 16 for discharging air is located at the center of the air outlet cavity 201.

[0030] Multiple sets of guide plates 13 are linearly arranged at one end of the air inlet chamber 101 near the exhaust box 2. Both ends of the multiple sets of guide plates 13 are provided with movable shafts 14. Movable holes corresponding to the movable shafts 14 are opened at the top and bottom of the end of the air inlet chamber 101 near the exhaust box 2. Multiple sets of micro actuators 15 are linearly arranged at the bottom of the air inlet box 1. One end of the movable shaft 14 at the lower end of the guide plate 13 passes through the movable hole and is connected to the output shaft of the micro actuator 15. The angle of the guide plates 13 can be flexibly adjusted and the air flow direction can be changed according to the actual ventilation needs inside the greenhouse body 5 through the multiple sets of guide plates 13.

[0031] The air inlet cavity 101 has a first protective slot 102 at both ends of the edge. A first protective net cover 103 is installed inside the first protective slot 102. The first protective net cover 103 installed inside the first protective slot 102 can effectively block external debris, insects and other objects from entering the air inlet cavity 101.

[0032] A control panel 6 is located above the end of the air inlet box 1 near the air outlet box 2. The surface of the control panel 6 integrates a display panel 7 and multiple control buttons 8. A temperature sensor 9 (model DHT22), a humidity sensor 10 (model HIH-4000-3), and a carbon dioxide sensor 11 (model S800-NDIR) are arranged linearly at the front of the control panel 6. A battery pack 12 is located at the bottom of the control panel 6 and is electrically connected to the control panel 6. The environmental data inside the greenhouse can be monitored in real time through the temperature sensor 9, humidity sensor 10, and carbon dioxide sensor 11 and fed back to the control panel 6. The battery pack 12 provides power to the entire device.

[0033] A second protective slot 202 is provided at both ends of the exhaust cavity 201. A second protective net cover 203 is provided inside the second protective slot 202. By installing the second protective net cover 203 inside the second protective slot 202, it can prevent debris, vegetable branches and leaves inside the greenhouse body 5 from being sucked into the exhaust cavity 201 and avoid damage to the exhaust fan mechanism 16 due to foreign objects getting tangled in it.

[0034] The top air intake mechanism 4 includes a bucket-shaped air intake hood 401. Inside the bucket-shaped air intake hood 401, there is a second air intake fan mechanism 403. At the front end of the bucket-shaped air intake hood 401, there is a third protective net cover 404. At the rear end of the bucket-shaped air intake hood 401, there is an arc-shaped air duct 402. The arc-shaped air duct 402 is located above the greenhouse body 5. One end of the arc-shaped air duct 402 is connected to the bucket-shaped air intake hood. On one side of the air intake box 1, there is a fixing bracket 104 for fixing the bucket-shaped air intake hood. The bucket-shaped air intake hood 401 can effectively guide outside air into the greenhouse. The second air intake fan mechanism 403 inside can accelerate air intake. The third protective net cover 404 at the front end prevents external debris from entering.

[0035] Multiple sets of extension pipes 405 are linearly arranged at the outer end of the arc-shaped air duct 402 near the greenhouse body 5. Multiple sets of top air holes 503 corresponding to the extension pipes 405 are evenly opened on the top of the greenhouse body 5. One end of the extension pipe 405 is connected to the arc-shaped air duct 402, and the other end of the extension pipe 405 extends through the top air hole 503 into the interior of the greenhouse body 5. The other end of the extension pipe 405 is provided with an air outlet 406. Air is transported to the top of the greenhouse body 5 through the arc-shaped air duct 402, and the multiple sets of extension pipes 405 evenly transport air to various areas inside the greenhouse body 5 through the top air holes 503.

[0036] A fixing rod 407 is provided at the end of the arc-shaped air duct 402 away from the bucket-shaped air inlet hood 401. One end of the fixing rod 407 is connected to the arc-shaped air duct 402. A fixing seat 204 is provided on one side of the exhaust box 2. The end of the fixing rod 407 away from the arc-shaped air duct 402 is connected to the fixing seat 204. One end of the fixing rod 407 is connected to the arc-shaped air duct 402, and the other end is connected to the fixing seat 204 on the side of the exhaust box 2, providing additional support and fixation for the arc-shaped air duct 402 and enhancing the stability of the top air inlet mechanism 4.

[0037] During the operation, the staff first embeds the air inlet box 1 into the air inlet slot 501 at the bottom of one side of the greenhouse body 5, and the exhaust box 2 into the air outlet slot 502 at the bottom of the other side. Then, the top air inlet mechanism 4 is installed on the top of the greenhouse body 5, and the arc-shaped air duct 402 of the top air inlet mechanism 4 is fixed by the fixing bracket 104, the fixing seat 204 and the fixing rod 407, thus completing the basic installation of the equipment.

[0038] Next, the device is turned on by the control button 8 on the surface of the control panel 6. The display panel 7 then lights up, showing the initial environmental data of the greenhouse. This data is collected and transmitted in real time by the front-end temperature sensor 9, humidity sensor 10 and carbon dioxide sensor 11. According to the optimal environmental parameters for vegetable growth, the staff preset the threshold ranges of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration on the control panel 6 and start the ventilation device.

[0039] Its working principle is as follows: After the device is started, the first air intake fan mechanism 3 in the center of the air intake cavity 101 in the air intake box 1 starts to operate. Outside air enters the greenhouse body 5 through the air intake cavity 101. At the same time, the exhaust fan mechanism 16 in the center of the exhaust cavity 201 exhausts the air in the greenhouse, forming an air circulation. During the air intake process, if the temperature and humidity in a certain area of ​​the greenhouse body 5 are too high, the control console 6 will receive the data feedback from the sensor and automatically control the micro driver 15 at the bottom of the air intake box 1 to start, drive the movable shaft 14 at the lower end of the guide plate 13 to rotate, adjust the angle of the guide plate 13, change the air flow direction, and guide the fresh air to the area with high temperature and high humidity to achieve precise ventilation.

[0040] The top air intake mechanism 4 also works simultaneously. The second air intake fan mechanism 403 inside the bucket-shaped air intake hood 401 accelerates the intake of outside air. The air passes through the arc-shaped air duct 402, through multiple sets of extension pipes 405 and air outlets 406, and is evenly transported from the top of the greenhouse to various internal areas. It works in conjunction with the side air intake to form a three-dimensional ventilation effect. During the entire ventilation process, the first protective net cover 103, the second protective net cover 203 and the third protective net cover 404 respectively block external debris and debris inside the greenhouse body 5 from entering the air intake box 1 and the air exhaust box 2, and the protection device operates normally.

[0041] Its beneficial effects are significant. Through the cooperation of the top air intake mechanism 4 and the side air intake box 1 and exhaust box 2, combined with the angle adjustment of the guide plate 13, the air flow rate in the central and corner areas of the greenhouse, which were originally difficult to ventilate, is accelerated, and the temperature and humidity differences are greatly reduced. This effectively improves the uniformity of vegetable growth and increases the overall yield and quality. The temperature sensor 9, humidity sensor 10 and carbon dioxide sensor 11 monitor the environmental data inside the greenhouse in real time and feed the data back to the control console 6. The control console 6 automatically controls the operation of the ventilation system according to the preset threshold range, including adjusting the air intake and ventilation intensity. This cooperation achieves precise environmental control and saves labor costs. The first protective net cover 103, the second protective net cover 203 and the third protective net cover 404 block external debris and debris inside the greenhouse body 5, protect the normal operation of the fan mechanism, reduce the frequency of equipment failure, and ensure the stability of equipment operation.

Claims

1. An automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses, comprising an air inlet box (1); characterized in that, It also includes an air outlet box, a top air inlet mechanism (4), and a greenhouse body (5); one side of the air inlet box (1) is provided with an exhaust box (2) for circulating air, and a greenhouse body (5) for growing vegetables is matched between the air inlet box (1) and the exhaust box (2). An air inlet slot (501) for accommodating the air inlet box (1) is opened at the bottom of one side of the greenhouse body (5), and an air outlet slot (502) for accommodating the exhaust box (2) is opened at the bottom of the other side of the greenhouse body (5). The boxes (2) are located inside the air inlet slot (501) and the air outlet slot (502) respectively. The top air inlet mechanism (4) for ventilating the top of the greenhouse body (5) is provided above the greenhouse body. The air inlet box (1) has an air inlet cavity (101) inside. The air inlet cavity (101) has a first air inlet fan mechanism (3) for conveying air in the center. The air outlet box (2) has an air outlet cavity (201) inside. The air outlet cavity (201) has an air outlet fan mechanism (16) for discharging air in the center.

2. The automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple sets of guide plates (13) are linearly provided at one end of the air inlet cavity (101) near the exhaust box (2). Both ends of the multiple sets of guide plates (13) are provided with movable shafts (14). Movable holes corresponding to the movable shafts (14) are opened at the top and bottom of the end of the air inlet cavity (101) near the exhaust box (2). Multiple sets of micro actuators (15) are linearly provided at the bottom of the air inlet box (1). One end of the movable shaft (14) at the lower end of the guide plate (13) passes through the movable hole and is connected to the output shaft of the micro actuator (15).

3. The automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air inlet cavity (101) has a first protective slot (102) at both ends of the edge, and a first protective mesh cover (103) is installed inside the first protective slot (102).

4. The automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses according to claim 3, characterized in that, A control panel (6) is provided above one end of the air inlet box (1) near the air outlet box (2). The surface of the control panel (6) is integrated with a display panel (7) and multiple control buttons (8). A temperature sensor (9), a humidity sensor (10) and a carbon dioxide sensor (11) are arranged in a linear sequence at the front end of the control panel (6). A battery pack (12) electrically connected to the control panel (6) is provided at the bottom of the control panel (6).

5. The automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust cavity (201) has a second protective slot (202) at both ends of the edge, and a second protective mesh cover (203) is provided inside the second protective slot (202).

6. The automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top air intake mechanism (4) includes a bucket-shaped air intake hood (401), inside which a second air intake fan mechanism (403) is provided, at the front end of the bucket-shaped air intake hood (401) a third protective net cover (404) is provided, at the rear end of the bucket-shaped air intake hood (401) an arc-shaped air duct (402) is provided, the arc-shaped air duct (402) is located above the greenhouse body (5), one end of the arc-shaped air duct (402) is connected to the bucket-shaped air intake hood, and a fixing frame (104) for fixing the bucket-shaped air intake hood is provided on one side of the air intake box (1).

7. The automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple sets of extension pipes (405) are linearly provided at the outer end of the arc-shaped air duct (402) near the greenhouse body (5). Multiple sets of top air holes (503) corresponding to the extension pipes (405) are evenly opened on the top of the greenhouse body (5). One end of the extension pipe (405) is connected to the arc-shaped air duct (402), and the other end of the extension pipe (405) extends through the top air hole (503) into the interior of the greenhouse body (5). The other end of the extension pipe (405) is provided with an air outlet (406).

8. The automatic ventilation device for vegetable greenhouses according to claim 7, characterized in that, A fixing rod (407) is provided at the end of the arc-shaped air duct (402) away from the bucket-shaped air inlet hood (401). One end of the fixing rod (407) is connected to the arc-shaped air duct (402). A fixing seat (204) is provided on one side of the exhaust box (2). The end of the fixing rod (407) away from the arc-shaped air duct (402) is connected to the fixing seat (204).

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