Quick charging circuit for main and auxiliary bags and battery

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of circuit protection, and provides a quick charging circuit for a main bag and an auxiliary bag and a battery, and the circuit comprises a main bag circuit and at least one auxiliary bag circuit. The main pack circuit or the auxiliary pack circuit at least comprises a battery pack, a fuse FUSE connected to the positive electrode end of the battery pack, and an MOS tube M1 and an MOS tube M2 which are connected with the fuse FUSE in series. One end of the MOS tube M2 is connected to the positive electrode end of the charger, the other end of the MOS tube M2 is connected to the positive electrode end of the charger, the MOS tube M2 is further connected with the BUCK circuit in parallel, the BUCK circuit is further connected with the MCU, one end of the MCU is connected with the analog front end AFE, and the other end of the MCU is connected with the CAN. Through intelligent cooperation of Buck circuit dynamic energy transfer and a charger direct charging mode, the inherent bottleneck of single-pack serial charging of a traditional multi-pack system is thoroughly broken through, technical transition is achieved in the three dimensions of the charging speed, the energy utilization rate and the system reliability, and a low-cost and high-compatibility optimization path is provided for a high-capacity battery system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of circuit protection technology, and in particular relates to a main and auxiliary fast charging circuit and a battery. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for longer battery life from mobile electronic devices and new energy devices, designs using dual or multiple battery packs in parallel power supply systems are becoming increasingly common. Existing technologies primarily achieve system capacity expansion through a hierarchical charging and discharging strategy that manages the main and auxiliary battery packs. A typical operating mode is as follows: during the discharge phase, the main battery pack is used first; when the main pack's charge level falls below a threshold, the system switches to the auxiliary battery pack. During the charging phase, the charger prioritizes charging the lower-voltage battery packs; once the voltages of all battery packs are balanced, all charging MOSFETs are activated for parallel charging.

[0003] However, practical application verification has revealed significant technical flaws in traditional charging and discharging schemes: First, during charging, the charger's rated output current distribution method limits the effective output current to the upper limit of a single battery pack when the system is charging only a single battery pack. This prevents the system from leveraging the current superposition advantage of multiple battery packs in parallel, resulting in a significant reduction in overall charging speed. Second, existing voltage balancing strategies require that the charging circuits of other battery packs be activated only after the low-voltage pack has completed charging or reached an equal voltage state. This serial charging mode leads to low charging efficiency, especially when there is a large initial voltage difference between battery packs, resulting in significant wasted charging time. Third, in existing system architectures, the auxiliary battery pack is only used as a backup discharge unit and lacks an energy reverse supply mechanism. When the main battery pack is depleted, it cannot be recharged via the auxiliary pack, causing functional interruptions in the system under certain operating conditions. These technical flaws severely restrict the performance optimization potential of multi-battery pack parallel systems, necessitating breakthroughs through technological innovation. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, this application provides a fast charging circuit and battery for both main and auxiliary battery packs. By introducing a discrete Buck circuit, when a voltage difference exists between the main and auxiliary battery packs, the high-voltage pack uses the Buck circuit to step down the energy and then charge the low-voltage pack. Simultaneously, the charger directly supplies power to the low-voltage pack, achieving parallel superimposed charging of the high-voltage pack and the charger, thus overcoming the single-pack charging current limitation. Furthermore, this application dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the MOSFET in the Buck circuit using a PWM signal to precisely control the output voltage and current from the high-voltage pack to the low-voltage pack, achieving adaptive energy balance between the two packs. Once the voltage is consistent, it seamlessly switches to the charger charging the two packs in parallel. This solves the emergency charging needs of the main pack and improves the system's functional redundancy.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a main and auxiliary fast charging circuit, the circuit comprising: one main charging circuit and at least one auxiliary charging circuit; the main charging circuit or the auxiliary charging circuit comprises at least: a battery pack, a fuse FUSE connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and MOSFETs M1 and M2 connected in series with the fuse FUSE; the other end of MOSFET M2 is connected to the positive terminal of the charger, and MOSFET M2 is also connected in parallel with a BUCK circuit, the BUCK circuit is also connected to an MCU, one end of the MCU is connected to an analog front-end AFE, and the other end is connected to a CAN bus.

[0006] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes: a MOSFET M3, the source of which is connected to a low-voltage battery pack via an inductor L1, and the drain of which is connected to a high-voltage battery pack; the gate of which is connected to the emitters of transistors Q1 and Q2 respectively; the collector of which is connected to the drain ...

[0007] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0008] Diodes D1 and D2 are also connected in parallel between the inductor L1 and the low-voltage battery pack;

[0009] The other ends of diodes D1 and D2 are also grounded.

[0010] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0011] One end of the inductor L1 is connected to the diode D3, and the other end of the diode D3 is grounded.

[0012] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0013] A diode D4 and an inductor L2 are also connected in parallel between the MOSFET M3 and the transistor Q1.

[0014] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0015] An inductor L4 is also connected between the bases of transistors Q1 and Q2 and the high-voltage battery pack.

[0016] An inductor L5 is also connected between the base of transistors Q1 and Q2 and the collector of transistor Q3.

[0017] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0018] The base of transistor Q3 is connected to inductors L7 and L6;

[0019] The other end of the inductor L6 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q3.

[0020] The specific application principle of the main and auxiliary pack fast charging circuit provided in this application is as follows: when there is a voltage difference between the main pack battery and the auxiliary pack battery, the charger charges the low-voltage pack at the same time, and the high-voltage pack charges the low-voltage pack synchronously through the buck circuit; wherein, by inputting a PWM signal, the conduction and disconnection states of the MOSFET are switched, and the high-voltage pack voltage is converted into an adjustable output voltage.

[0021] Preferably, when the voltages of the main battery pack and the auxiliary battery pack are the same, the charger is switched to charge both the main battery pack and the auxiliary battery pack simultaneously.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides a battery that is charged using a main and auxiliary fast charging circuit as described in the first aspect.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are as follows:

[0024] This application proposes a fast charging circuit for both main and auxiliary battery packs. Through a parallel superposition charging mechanism between the high-voltage pack's Buck circuit and the charger, a superimposed current of "charger current + Buck circuit current" is directly injected into the low-voltage pack when a voltage difference exists. This eliminates the unnecessary time spent waiting for the low-voltage pack to reach its equal voltage in traditional solutions, significantly shortening the charging cycle, especially suitable for scenarios with large initial voltage differences. When the main and auxiliary pack voltages are equal, the system automatically switches to a parallel direct charging mode for both packs, allowing the charger's output current to be distributed to both packs as needed. This avoids additional energy loss in the Buck circuit while fully utilizing the charger's maximum output capacity, achieving global optimization of charging resources. This represents a technological leap in charging speed, energy utilization, and system reliability, providing a low-cost, highly compatible optimization path for high-capacity battery systems. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a main and auxiliary fast charging circuit in one embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the BUCK circuit in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] As attached Figure 1-2 As shown, this application provides a main and auxiliary battery pack fast charging circuit, the circuit including: one main battery pack circuit and at least one auxiliary battery pack circuit; the main battery pack circuit or auxiliary battery pack circuit includes at least: a battery pack, a fuse FUSE connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and MOSFETs M1 and M2 connected in series with the fuse FUSE; the other end of MOSFET M2 is connected to the positive terminal of the charger, and MOSFET M2 is also connected in parallel with a BUCK circuit, the BUCK circuit is also connected to an MCU, one end of the MCU is connected to an analog front-end AFE, and the other end is connected to a CAN bus. The BUCK circuit converts the voltage of the high-voltage battery pack into an adjustable output voltage by adjusting the duty cycle to supplement the charging of the low-voltage battery pack.

[0030] The MCU dynamically controls the enable state of the BUCK circuit based on the real-time voltage difference between the main and auxiliary battery packs monitored by the AFE: when the voltage difference exceeds a threshold, the BUCK circuit is activated to enable parallel charging of the high-voltage pack to the low-voltage pack; when the voltage difference is below the threshold, the BUCK circuit is deactivated, switching to direct charging mode for both the main and auxiliary battery packs. The AFE collects battery pack voltage / temperature data in real time, and the MCU dynamically calculates the target output current and PWM duty cycle of the BUCK circuit based on the voltage difference, forming a closed-loop control to ensure the accuracy and safety of energy transfer.

[0031] This application achieves energy superposition injection by directly connecting the BUCK circuit in parallel across M2, forming an independent energy path from high voltage pack to BUCK circuit to low voltage pack during charging. This path does not interfere with the charger path.

[0032] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes: a MOSFET M3, the source of which is connected to a low-voltage battery pack via an inductor L1, and the drain of which is connected to a high-voltage battery pack; the gate of which is connected to the emitters of transistors Q1 and Q2 respectively; the collector of which is connected to the drain ...

[0033] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0034] Diodes D1 and D2 are also connected in parallel between the inductor L1 and the low-voltage battery pack;

[0035] The other ends of diodes D1 and D2 are also grounded.

[0036] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0037] One end of the inductor L1 is connected to the diode D3, and the other end of the diode D3 is grounded.

[0038] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0039] A diode D4 and an inductor L2 are also connected in parallel between the MOSFET M3 and the transistor Q1.

[0040] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0041] An inductor L4 is also connected between the bases of transistors Q1 and Q2 and the high-voltage battery pack.

[0042] An inductor L5 is also connected between the base of transistors Q1 and Q2 and the collector of transistor Q3.

[0043] Preferably, the BUCK circuit further includes:

[0044] The base of transistor Q3 is connected to inductors L7 and L6;

[0045] The other end of the inductor L6 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q3.

[0046] The charging principle of the circuit in this application includes: when there is a voltage difference between the main battery pack and the auxiliary battery pack, the charger charges the low-voltage pack while the high-voltage pack charges the low-voltage pack synchronously through the buck circuit; wherein, by inputting a PWM signal, the on and off states of the MOSFET are switched, and the high-voltage pack voltage is converted into an adjustable output voltage.

[0047] The PWM signal is used to control the on / off state of the MOSFET, regulating the voltage conversion. By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the high-voltage transformer voltage can be converted into an adjustable output voltage, thereby safely and effectively charging the low-voltage transformer.

[0048] Preferably, when the voltages of the main battery pack and the auxiliary battery pack are the same, the charger is switched to charge both the main battery pack and the auxiliary battery pack simultaneously.

[0049] Example 2:

[0050] This application provides a battery that is charged using a main and auxiliary pack fast charging circuit as described in the first aspect.

[0051] Although exemplary embodiments have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the above exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. All such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this application as claimed in the appended claims.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0053] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0054] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0055] Although the description of this application has been made in conjunction with the specific embodiments described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many substitutions, modifications, and variations can be made based on the foregoing. Therefore, all such substitutions, modifications, and variations are included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A main and auxiliary fast charging circuit, characterized in that, The circuit includes: one main pack circuit and at least one auxiliary pack circuit; the main pack circuit or auxiliary pack circuit includes at least: a battery pack, a fuse FUSE connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and MOSFETs M1 and M2 connected in series with the fuse FUSE; the other end of MOSFET M2 is connected to the positive terminal of the charger, and MOSFET M2 is also connected in parallel with a BUCK circuit, and the BUCK circuit is also connected to an MCU, one end of the MCU is connected to an analog front-end AFE, and the other end is connected to a CAN bus.

2. The main and auxiliary fast charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The BUCK circuit further includes: a MOSFET M3, the source of which is connected to a low-voltage battery pack via an inductor L1, and the drain of which is connected to a high-voltage battery pack; the gate of which is connected to the emitters of transistors Q1 and Q2 respectively; the collector of which is connected to the drain ...

3. The main and auxiliary fast charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The BUCK circuit also includes: Diodes D1 and D2 are also connected in parallel between the inductor L1 and the low-voltage battery pack; The other ends of diodes D1 and D2 are also grounded.

4. The main and auxiliary fast charging circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The BUCK circuit also includes: One end of the inductor L1 is connected to the diode D3, and the other end of the diode D3 is grounded.

5. A main and auxiliary fast charging circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The BUCK circuit also includes: A diode D4 and an inductor L2 are also connected in parallel between the MOSFET M3 and the transistor Q1.

6. A main and auxiliary fast charging circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The BUCK circuit also includes: An inductor L4 is also connected between the bases of transistors Q1 and Q2 and the high-voltage battery pack. An inductor L5 is also connected between the base of transistors Q1 and Q2 and the collector of transistor Q3.

7. A main and auxiliary fast charging circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The BUCK circuit also includes: The base of transistor Q3 is connected to inductors L7 and L6; The other end of the inductor L6 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q3.

8. A battery, characterized in that, The battery is charged using the main and auxiliary pack fast charging circuit as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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