Potato seeding cylinder screen type on-film covering device
By turning and screening the soil using a cylindrical sieve-type soil covering device, the problems of uneven soil covering and mulch film damage are solved, achieving uniform soil covering and mulch film protection.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUJING MALONG DIBAOLONG AGRI MASCH EQUIP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
In the existing impeller-type soil covering device, the soil is unevenly distributed during the soil covering process, resulting in inconsistent thickness of the soil covering layer on the mulch film, and large pieces of soil can easily damage the mulch film.
A cylindrical sieve-type soil covering device is used to turn and screen the soil through the sieve cylinder, so that it is evenly distributed and falls onto the mulch film through the sieve holes. At the same time, large pieces of soil are screened out to prevent damage to the mulch film.
It achieves uniform soil coverage on the mulch film, improves the soil covering effect, prevents damage to the mulch film, simplifies the device structure, and reduces energy consumption.
Smart Images
Figure CN224290648U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machinery for covering soil with film for crop sowing, specifically to a cylindrical sieve-type film covering device for potato sowing. Background Technology
[0002] Mulching is used in the cultivation of crops such as potatoes. Mulching has the functions of heat preservation, water retention, and soil conservation. It can improve fertilizer efficiency, promote crop growth, and also has the advantages of weed control, insect prevention, drought and flood prevention, salt suppression and seedling protection, and improvement of near-ground light and heat conditions. It is highly targeted and applicable to factors that limit agricultural development, such as low temperature, little rain, drought and barrenness, and short frost-free period. The use of mulching can increase the root system of crops by about 30% and increase yield by 40% to 80%. Mulching is widely used in the field of crop cultivation.
[0003] After mulching, soil needs to be used to cover it to prevent the mulch from falling off. Traditionally, this is done manually, covering both sides of the mulch. Currently, various automatic soil covering devices are available on the market, including the impeller-type mulch covering device. In operation, the impeller digs up the soil as it moves, moving it upwards. After falling from a height, the soil is guided onto the mulch by guide plates, thus covering it. However, in actual use, this automatic soil covering device has the following problems: First, because the soil slides perpendicular to the length of the mulch when guided onto the guide plates, it doesn't spread evenly on the mulch, resulting in inconsistent soil thickness and poor covering effect. Second, the soil often becomes compacted. These lumps not only affect the covering effect but may also damage the mulch, further impacting the mulching outcome. Therefore, it is an objective need to develop a cylindrical sieve-type film covering device for potato planting that provides uniform soil coverage, is not easily damaged by the film, and has a good soil covering effect. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a cylindrical sieve-type film covering device for potato planting that provides uniform soil covering, is not easily damaged by the film, and has a good soil covering effect.
[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: it includes a frame and traveling wheels arranged on both sides of the frame. From front to back, the frame is provided with a sowing and fertilizing mechanism, a mulching mechanism, and a soil covering mechanism. The soil covering mechanism includes soil-raising impellers symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame. Each soil-raising impeller includes a rotating shaft and a circular plate mounted on the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the frame. An annular plate is provided on the inner side of the circular plate. Several ratchet teeth are evenly distributed and correspondingly arranged on the circumference of the circular plate and the annular plate. Several inclined soil-shoveling plates are evenly distributed on the circumference between the circular plate and the annular plate. The outer end of the soil-shoveling plate is located at the tip of the corresponding ratchet tooth. An inner arc plate and an outer arc plate are fixed on the frame of the rear half of the soil-raising impeller. The inner arc plate and the outer arc plate are located on the inner and outer sides of the soil-shoveling plates, respectively. Guide plates are symmetrically inclined on both sides of the frame. A sieve cylinder is fitted on the rotating shaft between the two soil-raising impellers. The middle part of the sieve cylinder is connected to the rotating shaft through a connecting rod. The lower end of the guide plate extends into the interior of the sieve cylinder.
[0006] Furthermore, several spiral plates are evenly distributed around the inner walls of the screen cylinders on both sides of the connecting rod, and the spiral directions of the spiral plates on both sides of the connecting rod are opposite.
[0007] Furthermore, several dispersing rods are installed on the rotating shaft inside the sieve cylinder.
[0008] Furthermore, retaining ring plates are installed at both ends of the screen cylinder.
[0009] Furthermore, a cleaning brush is installed on the frame between the two upper impellers, with the bristles of the cleaning brush contacting the top of the screen cylinder.
[0010] Furthermore, the diameter of the sieve holes at both ends of the sieve cylinder is larger than the diameter of the sieve holes in the middle of the sieve cylinder.
[0011] Furthermore, the frame includes a front frame and a rear frame, which are rotatably connected by a hinge. The traveling wheels and the sowing and fertilizing mechanism are installed on the front frame, while the mulching mechanism and the soil covering mechanism are installed on the rear frame. A gantry frame is provided at the front end of the front frame, and a hydraulic rod is provided between the upper part of the gantry frame and the rear frame.
[0012] This invention improves upon existing impeller-type film covering and soil-covering devices. During operation, the sowing and fertilizing mechanism, film covering mechanism, and soil-covering mechanism are first installed on the frame as required. A small agricultural machine such as a tractor is used as the traction machine, connecting the frame to the traction machine. The traction machine drives the entire device forward on the land. The sowing and fertilizing mechanism performs sowing and fertilizing, the film covering mechanism covers the mulch film, and then the soil-covering mechanism covers the mulch film with soil. The soil-covering impeller in this invention includes a circular plate, an annular plate, and a soil-shoveling plate between them. The soil-shoveling plate divides the annular area between the circular plate and the annular plate into several independent chambers. During operation, the two soil-covering impellers are located on both sides of the mulch film. As the device moves forward with the traction machine, the soil-covering impellers rotate on the land. The ratchet teeth and the end of the soil-shoveling plate insert into the soil, scooping up the soil and filling it into the aforementioned chambers. As the soil-covering impellers rotate, the soil-filled chambers rotate to the area between the inner and outer arc plates. The inner and outer arc plates can... To prevent soil from overflowing and falling out of the chamber, when the chamber rotates to the top of the upper soil impeller and leaves the outer and inner arc plates, the soil in the chamber falls onto the guide plate under its own weight, and then slides down along the guide plate. During the above operation, the rotation of the upper soil impeller drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating shaft drives the screen cylinder to rotate through the connecting rod. The soil falls from the lower end of the guide plate into the screen cylinder, and then, during the rotation of the screen cylinder, it is continuously dispersed and falls from the screen holes of the screen cylinder onto the mulch film, completing the covering of the mulch film with soil. In the above process, compared to the structure of traditional impeller-type membrane covering mechanisms, the soil no longer falls directly from the guide plate onto the mulch film. Instead, it falls into a screen cylinder, which is constantly rotating. This continuous rotation agitates the soil, dispersing it before it falls onto the mulch film through the screen openings. This ensures the soil is evenly distributed across the width of the mulch film, guaranteeing uniform coverage and consistent thickness of the covering layer, thus improving the covering effect. Secondly, the screen cylinder also filters the soil, removing large, compacted clumps. Only soil particles smaller than the screen openings fall onto the mulch film, while larger clumps remain inside the screen cylinder. It can effectively prevent the mulch film from being damaged, and the soil diameter after screening by the screen cylinder is more uniform, which can improve the soil covering effect. At the same time, due to factors such as uneven ground, the operation of various instruments in the traction machine, the falling of soil, and the bumps of the device, vibrations are generated. Combined with the rotation of the screen cylinder, large clods of soil are constantly vibrated and collided inside the screen cylinder. This can break up and crush large clods of soil that are compacted or clumped together, continuously reducing the volume of soil clods, and then they fall through the screen holes of the screen cylinder. Large clods of soil that cannot be broken up and crushed will roll continuously inside the screen cylinder and finally roll off from both ends of the screen cylinder, preventing them from accumulating inside the screen cylinder and affecting its normal operation. In addition, the soil covering device does not require a separate drive mechanism, simplifying the device structure and reducing the energy consumption of the device operation.In summary, this utility model has the advantages of uniform soil covering, minimal damage to the mulch film, and good soil covering effect. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;
[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA;
[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circular plate 6 in this utility model;
[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the middle ring plate 7 of this utility model;
[0017] In the diagram: 1-Frame, 2-Walking wheel, 3-Sowing and fertilizing mechanism, 4-Mulching mechanism, 5-Rotating shaft, 6-Circular plate, 7-Ring plate, 8-Ratchet, 9-Soil scraping plate, 10-Inner arc plate, 11-Outer arc plate, 12-Guide plate, 13-Screen cylinder, 14-Connecting rod, 15-Spiral plate, 16-Dispersing rod, 17-Soil retaining ring plate, 18-Cleaning brush, 19-Gantry frame, 20-Hydraulic rod. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this description is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0019] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this utility model includes a frame 1 and traveling wheels 2 arranged on both sides of the frame 1. From front to back, the frame 1 is equipped with a sowing and fertilizing mechanism 3, a mulching mechanism 4, and a soil covering mechanism. The soil covering mechanism includes upper soil impellers symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame 1. Each upper soil impeller includes a rotating shaft 5 and a circular plate 6 mounted on the rotating shaft 5. The rotating shaft 5 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1. An annular plate 7 is arranged on the inner side of the circular plate 6. A plurality of ratchet teeth 8 are evenly distributed and correspondingly arranged on the circumference of both the circular plate 6 and the annular plate 7. A circular... Several inclined shovel plates 9 are evenly distributed around the perimeter. The outer ends of the shovel plates 9 are located at the tips of the corresponding ratchet teeth 8. An inner arc plate 10 and an outer arc plate 11 are fixed on the frame 1 of the rear half of the upper soil impeller. The inner arc plate 10 and the outer arc plate 11 are located on the inner and outer sides of the shovel plates 9, respectively. Guide plates 12 are symmetrically inclined on both sides of the frame 1. A screen cylinder 13 is fitted on the rotating shaft 5 between the two upper soil impellers. The middle part of the screen cylinder 13 is connected to the rotating shaft 5 through a connecting rod 14. The lower end of the guide plate 12 extends into the interior of the screen cylinder 13.
[0020] This utility model improves upon the existing impeller-type film covering soil device. During operation, the sowing and fertilizing mechanism 3, the film covering mechanism 4, and the soil covering mechanism are first installed on the frame 1 as required. A small agricultural machine such as a tractor is used as the traction machine, and the frame 1 is connected to the traction machine. The traction machine drives the entire device forward on the land. The sowing and fertilizing mechanism 3 performs sowing and fertilizing, the film covering mechanism 4 covers the film, and then the soil covering mechanism covers the film with soil. The soil-raising impeller of this invention includes a circular plate 6, an annular plate 7, and a soil-shoveling plate 9 between them. The soil-shoveling plate 9 divides the annular area between the circular plate 6 and the annular plate 7 into several independent chambers. During operation, the two soil-raising impellers are located on both sides of the mulch film. As the device moves forward with the traction machine, the soil-raising impellers rotate on the ground. The ends of the ratchet 8 and the soil-shoveling plate 9 insert into the soil, scoop up the soil, and fill the aforementioned chambers. As the soil-raising impellers rotate, the soil-filled chambers rotate to the area between the inner arc plate 10 and the outer arc plate 11. The inner arc plate 10 and the outer arc plate 11 can prevent the chambers from rotating. The soil inside the chamber overflows and falls. When the chamber rotates to the upper part of the upper soil impeller and leaves the upper end of the outer arc plate 11 and the inner arc plate 10, the soil in the chamber falls onto the guide plate 12 under its own gravity, and then slides down along the guide plate 12. During the above operation, the upper soil impeller rotates and drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate. When the rotating shaft 5 rotates, it drives the screen cylinder 13 to rotate through the connecting rod 14. The soil falls from the lower end of the guide plate 12 into the screen cylinder 13. Then, during the rotation of the screen cylinder 13, it is continuously dispersed and falls from the screen holes of the screen cylinder 13 onto the mulch film, completing the covering of the mulch film with soil.
[0021] In the above process, compared to the structure of a traditional impeller-type membrane covering mechanism, the soil no longer falls directly from the guide plate 12 onto the mulch film, but instead falls into the screen cylinder 13. The screen cylinder 13 is constantly rotating, continuously agitating the soil and dispersing it before it falls onto the mulch film through the screen openings. This ensures the soil is evenly distributed along the width of the mulch film, guaranteeing uniform coverage and consistent thickness of the covering layer, thus improving the covering effect. Secondly, after entering the screen cylinder 13, it also acts as a sieve, removing large, compacted soil clumps. Only soil particles smaller than the screen openings of the screen cylinder 13 fall onto the mulch film, while larger clumps remain inside the screen cylinder 13. It can effectively prevent the mulch film from being damaged, and the soil diameter after screening through the screen cylinder 13 is more uniform, which can improve the soil covering effect. At the same time, due to factors such as uneven ground, the operation of various instruments in the traction machine, the falling of soil, and the bumps of the device, vibration will be generated. In addition, the rotation of the screen cylinder 13 will cause large soil clumps to be continuously vibrated and collided inside the screen cylinder 13. This can break up and crush the compacted or clumped large soil clumps, continuously reducing the volume of the soil clumps, and then they will fall through the screen holes of the screen cylinder 13. Large soil clumps that cannot be broken up and crushed will roll continuously inside the screen cylinder 13 and finally roll off from both ends of the screen cylinder 13, preventing them from accumulating inside the screen cylinder 13 and affecting the normal operation of the screen cylinder 13. In addition, the soil covering device does not require a separate drive mechanism, which simplifies the device structure and reduces the energy consumption of the device operation.
[0022] Several spiral plates 15 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner walls of the screen cylinders 13 on both sides of the connecting rod 14, and the spiral directions of the spiral plates 15 on both sides of the connecting rod 14 are opposite. When soil falls into the screen cylinder 13 from the guide plate 12, due to the limited depth of the guide plate 12 into the screen cylinder 13, the soil often falls closer to both ends of the screen cylinder 13. During the rotation of the screen cylinder 13 and the vibration of the device, this soil will move towards the middle of the screen cylinder 13 to achieve an even distribution of soil within the screen cylinder 13. However, in actual use, it has been found that the amount of soil in the middle of the screen cylinder 13 is still slightly less than that at both ends, which may result in the soil coverage in the middle of the mulch film being slightly less than that on both sides, thus affecting the uniformity of the mulch film coverage to some extent. To improve uniformity, a spiral plate 15 is installed. When soil falls into the screen cylinder 13, the spiral plate 15 plays two roles as it rotates with the screen cylinder 13: First, it has a lifting effect, which can move the soil up a certain distance before it falls back down. This can further disperse the soil distribution and break it up under the action of mutual compression, collision, and impact, making it easier for the soil to fall through the screen holes of the screen cylinder 13. Second, it has a pushing effect, which can give the soil a pushing force to move it towards the center of the screen cylinder 13, thereby promoting the soil to be evenly distributed along its axis within the screen cylinder 13, and ultimately improving the mulching effect of the plastic film.
[0023] Several dispersing rods 16 are installed on the rotating shaft 5 inside the sieve cylinder 13. After the soil falls into the sieve cylinder 13, it will rotate a certain distance with the sieve cylinder 13, raising the height of the soil, and then fall naturally. The dispersing rods 16 are installed on the rotating shaft 5 and rotate with the rotating shaft 5. During the rotation, they will collide with the soil during the falling process, thereby breaking up the clumps or compacted soil. On the one hand, it makes it easier for the soil to fall through the sieve holes of the sieve cylinder 13, and on the other hand, it can also improve the soil covering effect after the soil falls.
[0024] Both ends of the screen cylinder 13 are equipped with soil retaining ring plates 17. When soil falls into the screen cylinder 13 from the soil guide plate 12, the soil tends to fall close to both ends of the screen cylinder 13 because the soil guide plate 12 extends into the screen cylinder 13 to a limited depth. This makes it easy for the soil to fall directly from both ends of the screen cylinder 13, reducing the amount of soil covering the mulch film. To prevent this problem, the soil retaining ring plates 17 are installed. The soil retaining ring plates 17 have a blocking effect on the soil, so that the soil will not fall directly from the ends of the screen cylinder 13. Only when too much soil accumulates in the screen cylinder 13 will the excess soil pass over the soil retaining ring plates 17 and fall, preventing too much soil from entering the screen cylinder 13.
[0025] A cleaning brush 18 is installed on the frame 1 between the two upper soil impellers. The bristles of the cleaning brush 18 contact the top of the screen cylinder 13. This utility model mainly utilizes the rotation of the screen cylinder 13 to disperse the soil, so that the soil is evenly distributed along its axial direction inside the screen cylinder 13 and then falls evenly onto the mulch film, ensuring that the soil covering layer thickness is uniform along the width of the mulch film and improving the soil covering effect. However, since the soil clods are of different sizes and irregular, they inevitably contain some gravel, crop root and stem fibers and other debris. These soil clods and gravel may clog the screen holes of the screen cylinder 13 and affect the soil covering effect of the mulch film. Therefore, in order to prevent the above problems, the cleaning brush 18 is set to clean the screen holes of the screen cylinder 13, keep the screen holes unobstructed, and thus ensure the normal operation of the device.
[0026] In practice, after the soil is covered, it was found that due to factors such as wind and rain, the soil on both sides of the mulch film is more likely to flow out of the mulch film, resulting in inadequate coverage on both sides. This makes the mulch film easily blown off by the wind, affecting the mulching effect of potatoes. To address this issue, the device is designed and manufactured so that the diameter of the sieve holes at both ends of the sieve cylinder 13 is larger than the diameter of the sieve holes in the middle of the sieve cylinder 13. In actual operation, this allows more and larger soil to fall through the sieve holes at both ends of the sieve cylinder 13, which correspond to the two sides of the ground. In this way, more and larger soil can firmly cover the two sides of the mulch film, reducing the possibility of the mulch film being blown off by the wind and improving the mulching and soil covering effects.
[0027] The frame 1 includes a front frame and a rear frame, which are rotatably connected by a hinge. The traveling wheels 2 and the sowing and fertilizing mechanism 3 are installed on the front frame, and the mulching mechanism 4 and the soil covering mechanism are installed on the rear frame. A gantry frame 19 is provided at the front end of the front frame. A hydraulic rod 20 is provided between the upper part of the gantry frame 19 and the rear frame. The gantry frame 19 is an existing structure and is installed on the front frame for connection with the traction machine. The hydraulic rod 20 is existing technology and can be extended and shortened. When the hydraulic rod 20 is extended, the rear frame rotates downward, which allows the soil covering mechanism to move downward, thereby increasing the digging depth and the thickness of the mulch film. Conversely, when the hydraulic rod 20 is shortened, the rear frame rotates upward, which allows the soil covering mechanism to move upward, thereby reducing the digging depth and the thickness of the mulch film. At the same time, when the device is being transported without soil covering, the height of the soil covering mechanism can be increased by shortening the hydraulic rod 20, so that the ratchet 8 and the shovel plate 9 do not contact the ground, which facilitates the transfer and position adjustment of the device.
Claims
1. A cylindrical screen-type film covering and soil covering device for potato planting, comprising a frame (1) and wheels (2) arranged on both sides of the frame (1), wherein a planting and fertilization mechanism (3), a film covering mechanism (4) and a soil covering mechanism are arranged sequentially from front to back on the frame (1), characterized in that: The soil covering mechanism includes upper soil impellers symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame (1). The upper soil impeller includes a rotating shaft (5) and a circular plate (6) mounted on the rotating shaft (5). The rotating shaft (5) is rotatably mounted on the frame (1). An annular plate (7) is provided on the inner side of the circular plate (6). Several ratchet teeth (8) are evenly distributed and correspondingly arranged on the circumference of the circular plate (6) and the annular plate (7). Several inclined soil scraping plates (9) are evenly distributed on the circumference between the circular plate (6) and the annular plate (7). The outer end of the soil scraping plate (9) is located at the corresponding ratchet tooth (8). At the tip of the tooth, an inner arc plate (10) and an outer arc plate (11) are fixed on the frame (1) of the rear half of the upper soil impeller. The inner arc plate (10) and the outer arc plate (11) are located on the inner and outer sides of the soil shovel plate (9), respectively. Guide plates (12) are symmetrically inclined on both sides of the frame (1). A screen cylinder (13) is fitted on the rotating shaft (5) between the two upper soil impellers. The middle part of the screen cylinder (13) is connected to the rotating shaft (5) through a connecting rod (14). The lower end of the guide plate (12) extends into the interior of the screen cylinder (13).
2. The cylindrical sieve-type film covering device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several spiral plates (15) are evenly distributed around the inner wall of the screen cylinder (13) on both sides of the connecting rod (14), and the spiral plates (15) on both sides of the connecting rod (14) have opposite spiral directions.
3. The cylindrical sieve-type film covering device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several dispersing rods (16) are provided on the rotating shaft (5) inside the sieve cylinder (13).
4. The cylindrical sieve-type film-covered soil device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the screen cylinder (13) are provided with soil retaining ring plates (17).
5. A cylindrical sieve-type film-covered soil device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cleaning brush (18) is provided on the frame (1) between the two upper impellers, and the bristles of the cleaning brush (18) are in contact with the top of the screen cylinder (13).
6. The cylindrical sieve-type film covering device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the sieve holes at both ends of the sieve cylinder (13) is greater than the diameter of the sieve holes in the middle of the sieve cylinder (13).
7. The cylindrical sieve-type film covering device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (1) includes a front frame and a rear frame, which are rotatably connected by a hinge. The walking wheels (2) and the sowing and fertilizing mechanism (3) are installed on the front frame, and the mulching mechanism (4) and the soil covering mechanism are installed on the rear frame. A gantry frame (19) is provided at the front end of the front frame, and a hydraulic rod (20) is provided between the upper part of the gantry frame (19) and the rear frame.