Integrated quantum bit output link

Abstract

The application provides an integrated quantum bit output link and relates to the technical field of input / output device links. The application aims to solve the problem that the space is limited during quantum bit transmission, and efficient heat treatment is difficult to achieve. The integrated quantum bit output link comprises three circulators, a load, a Josephson parametric amplifier and a connector. The load is arranged on the three circulators and is used for absorbing reverse transmission signals. The Josephson parametric amplifier is internally provided with the connector, and the Josephson parametric amplifier is connected with the three circulators through the connector. The integrated quantum bit output link can maintain good performance in a super low temperature environment, achieves the effects of high integration, high heat conduction and magnetic shielding, is easy to assemble and mass-produced, and effectively reduces the volume of the integrated quantum bit output link.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of input / output device link technology, and more particularly to an integrated quantum bit output link. Background Technology

[0002] In quantum circuits, low-noise amplification of weak microwave signals is essential, and the Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) is the most widely used device. Quantum computing requires coherent processing of quantum information stored in quantum computer qubits. The construction of the qubit transmission link is crucial; signals need to be amplified through multiple stages of amplifiers before they can be effectively measured by room-temperature instruments. As the number of qubits to be transmitted increases, space constraints become particularly prominent, and efficient thermal management is also difficult to achieve. The cryogenic multi-stage amplification section in the test link needs to be integrated; otherwise, it will pose a significant challenge to the space and thermal load of the cryostat. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, this application proposes an integrated quantum bit output link in which the Josephson parametric amplifier and the three-section circulator are directly connected through a coaxial connector, so that the quantum bit can maintain good performance in the ultra-low temperature environment, achieving the effects of high integration, high thermal conductivity and magnetic shielding.

[0004] This utility model embodiment provides an integrated quantum bit output link, including: a three-segment circulator; a load disposed on the three-segment circulator for absorbing the reverse-transmitted signal; and a Josephson parametric amplifier with a built-in connector connected to the three-segment circulator via the connector.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the number of loads is two, and the two loads are symmetrically welded to the outer peripheral surface of the three-section circulator.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the Josephson parametric amplifier includes a cavity and a cover plate, the cover plate being threadedly connected to the cavity, a groove being provided inside the cavity for placing a chip, and a cavity being provided below the chip.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the Josephson parametric amplifier further includes a through-hole disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the cavity, the through-hole being connected to the connector.

[0008] In one possible implementation, a mounting hole is provided on the surface of the three-section circulator that connects to the Josephson parametric amplifier, and the connector is connected to the inner conductor of the three-section circulator through the mounting hole.

[0009] In one possible implementation, with the Josephson parametric amplifier and the three-section circulator connected, one end of the connector is inserted into the through-hole, and the other end of the connector is connected to the inner conductor of the three-section circulator via a cable.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the three-section circulator is further provided with a first port and a second port, the first port being an input terminal and the second port being an output terminal.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the Josephson parametric amplifier is threadedly connected to the three-section circulator.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the connector is a central shaft connector.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the connector includes an inner conductor, an outer conductor, and a dielectric layer. One end of the inner conductor is a slotted opening for connecting to the inner conductor; the other end of the inner conductor is a cylinder for connecting to the chip.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0015] This invention discloses an integrated quantum bit output link. In operation with a three-segment circulator and a Josephson parametric amplifier, the three-segment circulator is connected to the Josephson parametric amplifier via a coaxial connector. The three-segment circulator effectively achieves unidirectional signal transmission, thereby preventing signal backpropagation from interfering with the system. By using the Josephson parametric amplifier in conjunction with the three-segment circulator, the signal amplification process is more stable, while signal distortion caused by amplifier self-feedback is avoided, improving the output quality and accuracy of the quantum bits. Loads are placed on both sides of the three-segment circulator, helping to balance the system's energy distribution and signal stability. The loads effectively absorb excess signal energy, preventing unnecessary reflections and losses, ensuring the integrity and consistency of the signal during transmission. Connecting the three-segment circulator and the Josephson parametric amplifier via a coaxial connector ensures stable transmission of high-frequency signals, reduces signal attenuation and noise at the connection point, and enhances the system's reliability and anti-interference capability.

[0016] Other features and aspects of this application will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this application together with the specification and serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0018] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the integrated quantum bit output link according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0019] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates another angle of the integrated quantum bit output link structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the structure of the Josephson parametric amplifier in the integrated quantum bit output link of an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the structure of a three-section circulator in an integrated quantum bit output link according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing another angle of the three-section circulator in the integrated quantum bit output link of an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the structure of the connector in the integrated quantum bit output link according to an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure label:

[0025] 1-Josephson parametric amplifier; 101-Cover plate; 102-Cavity; 103-First connector; 104-Central shaft connector; 106-Groove; 107-Cavity; 105a, b-Through holes; 104a-Outer conductor; 104b-Dielectric layer; 104c-Inner conductor;

[0026] 2-Three-section ring auger; magnetic shield 201; upper cavity 202; lower cavity 203; U-shaped cover plate 204a; b; c; L-shaped cover plate 213a; b; inner guide plate 205; first spiral ferrite magnet 206a; second spiral ferrite magnet 206b; third spiral ferrite magnet 206c; fourth spiral ferrite magnet 206d; fifth spiral ferrite magnet 206e; sixth spiral ferrite magnet 206f; first permanent magnet 207a; second permanent magnet 207a; third permanent magnet 207a; fourth permanent magnet 207a; fifth permanent magnet 207a; sixth permanent magnet 207a; first uniform magnet plate 208a; second uniform magnet plate 208b; third uniform magnet plate 208c; fourth ...c; fourth uniform magnet plate 208c; fourth uniform magnet plate 208c; fourth uniform magnet plate 208c; fourth uniform magnet plate 208c; fourth uniform magnet plate 208c; fourth uniform magnet plate 20 Magnet piece 208d; fifth uniform magnet piece 208e; sixth uniform magnet piece 208f; first dielectric ring 209a; second dielectric ring 209b; third dielectric ring 209c; fourth dielectric ring 209d; fifth dielectric ring 209e; sixth dielectric ring 209f; first magnetic field ring 210a; second magnetic field ring 210b; third magnetic field ring 210c; fourth magnetic field ring 210d; fifth magnetic field ring 210e; sixth magnetic field ring 210f; first SMA-K connector 211a; second SMA-K connector 211b; third SMA-K connector 211c; fourth SMA-K connector 211d; first SMA-J load 212a; second SMA-J load 212b; first port 4a; second port 4b;

[0027] 3-Load. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0029] It should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application or to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0030] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0031] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0032] Furthermore, to better illustrate this application, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application can be implemented without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well-known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this application.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an integrated qubit output link, including: a three-segment circulator 2, a load 3, and a Josephson parametric amplifier 1. The load 3 is disposed on the three-segment circulator 2 and is used to absorb the signal propagating in the reverse direction. The Josephson parametric amplifier 1 has a built-in connector and connects to the three-segment circulator 2 via the connector. The load 3 and the three-segment circulator 2 effectively achieve unidirectional signal transmission, thereby preventing signal backpropagation from interfering with the system. By using the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 in conjunction with the three-segment circulator 2, the signal amplification process is more stable, and signal distortion caused by amplifier self-feedback is avoided, improving the output quality and accuracy of the qubit. The load 3 is disposed on both sides of the three-segment circulator 2, which helps to balance the energy distribution and signal stability of the system. The load 3 can effectively absorb excess signal energy, prevent unnecessary reflection and loss, and ensure the integrity and consistency of the signal during transmission. Connecting the three-segment circulator 2 and the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 via a coaxial connector ensures stable transmission of high-frequency signals, reduces signal attenuation and noise at the connection point, and enhances the reliability and anti-interference capability of the system. A significant advantage of the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 is its extremely low noise characteristics, enabling signal amplification near the quantum limit. Suitable for qubit output links, it effectively amplifies quantum signals without introducing significant noise, thus maintaining signal purity and reliability. The Josephson parametric amplifier 1 features adjustable gain, which can be precisely adjusted to meet the amplification requirements of different quantum state signals.

[0034] In one embodiment, there are two loads 3, which are symmetrically welded to the outer peripheral surface of the three-section circulator 2. Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the three-segment circulator 2 is a cuboid structure. The left-right direction in the figure represents the length of the three-segment circulator 2, which is its longest side. The left and right sides are the sides formed by the width and height of the cuboid. Two loads 3 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the three-segment circulator. The Josephson parametric amplifier 1 is located in the middle of the side formed by the length and height, and is detachably connected to the three-segment circulator 2. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the connection between the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 and the three-segment circulator 2 is a connection between the housings; the housing of the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 and the housing of the three-segment circulator are detachably connected. In the usage state, and even in the conventional state, the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 and the three-segment circulator 2 in the integrated quantum bit output link of this application are rigidly connected as a single unit, forming an integrated structure. When moved, they move simultaneously without any change in relative shape or position.

[0035] In one embodiment of this application, the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 includes a cavity and a cover plate. The cover plate is threadedly connected to the cavity. A groove is provided inside the cavity for placing a chip. A cavity is provided below the chip.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 consists of a cover plate 101, a cavity 102, a first connector 103, and a second connector 104. The cavity has a recess 106 for placing the chip, with a cavity 107 below the chip. Corresponding to the chip's electrical design, the cavity has circular through holes 105a and 105b on both sides, used to accommodate the first connector 103 and the second connector 104, respectively. The first connector 103 is an SMP-J connector used for connecting external signals to the chip, and the second connector 104 is used to connect the chip to the three-section circulator 22. The cover plate 101 is fixedly connected to the cavity 102 with screws; the cavity 102 is fixedly connected to the three-section circulator 2 with screws. The cooperation between the cavity and the recess 106 helps ensure that the chip does not shift or vibrate during operation. The stable position of the chip avoids signal attenuation or distortion, ensuring efficient system operation. The cover plate 101 seals the opening of the cavity, further enhancing the performance and stability of the Josephson parametric amplifier 1, especially in extremely low temperature environments. The sealing function of the cover plate 101 can effectively prevent the influence of the external environment on the cavity, avoid air, moisture, dust and other factors from entering the cavity, and ensure a clean working environment inside the cavity.

[0037] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the main body of the cavity 102 has a cuboid structure, with a groove 106 for placing the chip in the middle. The sidewalls of the cavity body are positioned at the upper edge of the sidewalls. A sealing frame matching the support platform is provided on the cover plate 101, and the sealing frame extends outward from the side opposite to the cover plate 101. In this embodiment, the cavity body, cover plate 101, support platform, and sealing frame are all cuboid structures.

[0038] And such as Figure 2 As shown, a connecting plate is also provided on one side of the cavity body in this embodiment, and the connecting plate is integrally formed with the cavity 102. Multiple through holes are evenly provided on the connecting plate, which are used to fix the cavity 102 and the Josephson parametric amplifier 1. In this embodiment, the upper edge of the connecting plate is higher than the upper surface of the cavity 102 body by a preset height, the preset height being the same as the thickness of the cover plate 101. When the cover plate 101 is placed on the cavity 102, the cover plate 101 is embedded in the cavity 102, the upper edge of the cover plate 101 is flush with the upper edge of the connecting plate, and the shape of the cover plate 101 is consistent with the shape of the cavity 102. At this time, the cover plate 101 and the cavity 102 together form a cuboid structure. Furthermore, at this time, the sealing frame is in contact with the support platform, and the chip is sealed within the placement groove 106. Further, in this embodiment, the upper and lower ends of the connecting plate are flush with the cover plate 101 after it is placed. The left and right sides extend outwards by a predetermined distance relative to the main body of cavity 102, forming symmetrical connecting ears at both ends. The connecting ears have mounting holes for connection and fixation with the three-section circulator. The bottom center of the connecting plate is recessed inwards to form a groove, with a through hole 105b in the center connecting to the groove 106. The second connector 104 connects to the chip inside cavity 102 through the through hole 105b. Cavity 102 has a through hole 105a at the opposite end of cavity 102, used to accommodate the first connector 103 (SMP-J) for external signal connection to the chip. The second connector 104 connects the chip to the three-section circulator 22 for electrical connection. The cover plate 101 is threadedly fixed to cavity 102 through the through hole.

[0039] In some embodiments, the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 further includes a through hole on the outer peripheral surface of the cavity, through which a connector is connected. A mounting hole is provided on the surface of the three-section circulator 2 that connects to the Josephson parametric amplifier 1, and the connector connects to the inner conductor of the three-section circulator 2 through the mounting hole. When the Josephson parametric amplifier 1 and the three-section circulator 2 are connected, one end of the connector is inserted into the through hole, and the other end of the connector is connected to the inner conductor of the three-section circulator 2 via a cable.

[0040] Specifically, the magnetic shield 201 is a U-shaped semi-enclosed structure that encloses the upper cavity 202 and the lower cavity 203 inside. The upper cavity 202 and the lower cavity 203 are arranged opposite to each other; each of the upper cavity 202 and the lower cavity 203 has three sets of circular grooves on its inner side, which respectively accommodate the first dielectric ring 209a, the second dielectric ring 209b, the third dielectric ring 209c, the fourth dielectric ring 209d, the fifth dielectric ring 209e, and the sixth dielectric ring 209f; a circular through hole is provided in the middle of the dielectric ring, which respectively accommodates the first ferromagnetic ferrite 206a, the second ferromagnetic ferrite 206b, the third ferromagnetic ferrite 206c, the fourth ferromagnetic ferrite 206d, the fifth ferromagnetic ferrite 206e, and the sixth ferromagnetic ferrite 206f; the inner guide plate 205 is sandwiched between the first dielectric ring 209a, the second dielectric ring 209b, the third dielectric ring 209c, the fourth dielectric ring 209d, the fifth dielectric ring 209e, and the sixth dielectric ring 209f. The upper cavity 202 and the lower cavity 203 each have three sets of circular cavities on their outer surfaces. These three sets of circular cavities are coaxially arranged with the three sets of circular grooves on the inner surfaces of the upper cavity 202 and the lower cavity 203.

[0041] The three sets of circular cavities respectively house the first permanent magnet 207a, the second permanent magnet 207a, the third permanent magnet 207a, the fourth permanent magnet 207a, the fifth permanent magnet 207a, and the sixth permanent magnet 207a; and the first uniform magnet sheet 208a, the second uniform magnet sheet 208b, the third uniform magnet sheet 208c, the fourth uniform magnet sheet 208d, the fifth uniform magnet sheet 208e, and the sixth uniform magnet sheet 208f.

[0042] In some embodiments, the three-section circulator 2 is further provided with a first port 4a and a second port 4b, the first port 4a being an input terminal and the second port 4b being an output terminal. The output terminal and the input terminal are used to connect external devices or equipment for inputting or outputting signals.

[0043] Specifically, the inner guide plate 205 has three series terminals connected to five corresponding leads. The five leads are led out to the corresponding SMA-K connectors outside the cavity. Two of them are used to provide input and output connections when the SMA-K connectors are electrically connected. The first port 4a of the circulator is the input terminal and the second port 4b is the output terminal. Two are used to connect to the SMA-J load 3 as isolation terminals. One of the leads is led out to the second connector 104 outside the cavity and connected to one end of the Josephson parametric amplifier 1.

[0044] In some embodiments, the connector 104 includes an inner conductor 104c, an outer conductor 104a, and a dielectric layer 104b. One end of the inner conductor 104c is a slotted opening for connecting the inner conductor 205; the other end of the inner conductor 104a is a cylinder for connecting the chip.

[0045] Specifically, the inner guide plate 205 connects to the lead wires, enabling signal introduction and extraction. The lead wires are used to connect to external circuits or other modules. Guided by the inner guide plate 205, signals can be transmitted to the coaxial connector in a low-loss, low-interference manner, avoiding signal attenuation or distortion during transmission. The inner guide plate 205 effectively reduces electromagnetic interference. The coaxial connector has excellent electromagnetic shielding performance; the inner guide plate 205 is encased in an outer metal shielding layer, effectively suppressing noise interference from the external environment and ensuring signal purity.

[0046] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An integrated quantum bit output link, characterized in that, include: Three-section circulator; A load, which is disposed on the three-section circulator, is used to absorb the reverse-transmitted signal; The Josephson parametric amplifier has a built-in connector that connects to the three-section circulator.

2. The integrated quantum bit output link according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of loads is two, and the two loads are symmetrically welded to the outer circumferential surface of the three-section circulator.

3. The integrated quantum bit output link according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Josephson parametric amplifier includes a cavity and a cover plate. The cover plate is threaded to the cavity. A groove is provided inside the cavity for placing a chip. A cavity is provided below the chip.

4. The integrated quantum bit output link according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Josephson parametric amplifier also includes a through hole disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the cavity, the through hole being connected to the connector.

5. The integrated quantum bit output link according to claim 4, characterized in that, The surface of the three-section circulator connected to the Josephson parametric amplifier has mounting holes, and the connector is connected to the inner guide plate of the three-section circulator through the mounting holes.

6. The integrated quantum bit output link according to claim 5, characterized in that, With the Josephson parametric amplifier and the three-section circulator connected, one end of the connector is inserted into the through hole, and the other end of the connector is connected to the inner guide plate of the three-section circulator via a cable.

7. The integrated quantum bit output link according to claim 6, characterized in that, The three-section circulator is also provided with a first port and a second port, the first port being the input terminal and the second port being the output terminal.

8. The integrated quantum bit output link according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Josephson parametric amplifier is threadedly connected to the three-section circulator.

9. The integrated quantum bit output link according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connector is a central shaft connector.

10. The integrated quantum bit output link according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connector includes an inner guide plate, an outer conductor, and a dielectric layer. One end of the inner guide plate is a slotted opening for connecting to the inner guide plate; the other end of the inner guide plate is a cylinder for connecting to the chip.

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