A dynamic seal waterproof structure and lathe spindle box

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of dynamic sealing waterproof structure and lathe spindle box, including main shaft flange, sheath, front gland and rear end sealing assembly, the outer circle of main shaft flange is provided with water throwing groove outwardly with slope, cooling liquid is thrown to the water accumulation groove of sheath inner wall by centrifugal force, and discharge through drain hole, the annular protrusion of front gland and the positioning groove of main shaft flange form labyrinth seal, extend liquid penetration path, residual penetration is blocked by combining internal turbulent flow and pressure difference, rear end is sealed by rear sealing ring and rear gland Dustproof Anti-fog by axial;When main shaft rotates, flange outer circle and shaft neck form outward airflow, cooperate with centrifugal force to accelerate drainage and block backflow;Multi-stage sealing design adapts full speed condition, low speed relies on mechanical water throwing, high speed uses pressure difference to strengthen efficiency, compact structure and convenient maintenance, significantly reduce leakage risk, prolong bearing life, applicable to complex workpiece efficient processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of machine tool technology, specifically relating to a dynamic sealing waterproof structure and a lathe spindle box. Background Technology

[0002] The spindle box is a crucial component of a machine tool, housing the machine tool's working spindle, its transmission parts, and related auxiliary mechanisms. It is a complex transmission unit, including the spindle assembly, reversing mechanism, transmission mechanism, braking device, operating mechanism, and lubrication system. Its primary function is to support and rotate the spindle, enabling functions such as spindle starting, braking, speed changing, and reversing.

[0003] Currently, waterproofing and dustproofing of CNC lathe spindle boxes mainly rely on sheet metal covers or static seals. However, users have found that sheet metal covers are bulky, occupying machining area space and making workpiece clamping difficult. Especially when machining complex contours or large workpieces, they are prone to collisions, reducing machining accuracy. When facing large flow rates of coolant, water can easily seep through the joints of the cover, and coolant can enter the housing along the spindle axis, contaminating the bearing grease and accelerating bearing corrosion and wear. Static seals are used, but both have obvious shortcomings.

[0004] A search revealed that utility model CN218252921U discloses a spindle box with a waterproof structure, belonging to the field of CNC machine tool technology. The spindle sleeve is installed inside the spindle box, and the spindle is mounted inside the spindle sleeve via a spindle bearing. The spindle end has a shaft head, and a spacer is fitted onto the spindle. The two ends of the spacer are positioned by the inner side of the shaft head and the inner ring of the spindle bearing, respectively. A bearing cap is installed between the spindle sleeve and the shaft head, contacting the outer ring of the spindle bearing. The bearing cap and the spindle sleeve are sealed by a sealing ring. An end cap is installed at the end of the bearing cap, and a barbed water-throwing groove is provided between the inner wall of the end cap and the outer wall of the shaft head. A drainage hole is provided on the bottom side of the bearing cap. While this device can use centrifugal force to throw out water entering the spindle, the contact point between the inner end of the end cap and the spindle is stepped. During centrifugal water throwing, some water droplets will move into the spindle box under centrifugal force, still posing a risk of water leakage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issues of large size and poor sealing performance in traditional lathe spindle boxes that are designed for waterproofing and dustproofing, this invention proposes a dynamic sealing waterproof structure and a lathe spindle box to solve these problems.

[0006] A dynamic sealing waterproof structure includes a main shaft, the main shaft including a shaft body, a shaft journal, and a shaft head;

[0007] A spindle flange is fixedly connected to the shaft head. A water-spraying groove is provided on the circumferential surface of the spindle flange, and at least one positioning groove is provided on the surface of the spindle flange near the journal.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the spindle flange is machined with annular toothed grooves that are inclined outward at a certain angle, i.e., water-throwing grooves. When the spindle rotates at high speed, the coolant adhering to the surface of the spindle is thrown into the water accumulation grooves set in the inner wall of the sleeve under the action of centrifugal force. Due to the difference in airflow velocity in different areas of the spindle diameter, low-pressure zone and high-pressure zone are formed, which further drives the coolant to flow outward and prevents the liquid from entering the housing along the axial direction.

[0009] A protective sleeve is fitted onto the circumferential surface of the main shaft flange. A water accumulation groove is provided at the contact point between the protective sleeve and the circumferential surface of the main shaft flange. The water accumulation groove is directly opposite the water discharge groove. A drain hole is provided at the bottom of the water accumulation groove. Guide ribs are provided on the surface of the water accumulation groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner wall of the sheath is designed with an annular water accumulation groove, which is directly opposite the water throwing path of the water throwing tank. The coolant thrown out collects here and is discharged to the outside of the box through the drain hole at the bottom of the water accumulation groove. Due to the surface tension between the liquid and the groove, some liquid may remain on the surface of the groove and accumulate. The guide ribs set on the surface of the water accumulation groove can guide the liquid to flow quickly to the drain hole and prevent the liquid from accumulating.

[0011] Furthermore, the water-spinning tank actively discharges liquid by utilizing the dynamic centrifugal force of the main shaft movement and the air pressure difference formed by different rotation speeds, while the labyrinth-type sealing structure passively blocks residual penetration through static structural design. The two complement each other to improve sealing reliability.

[0012] A front pressure cover is located on the side of the spindle flange near the journal. The surface of the front pressure cover near the spindle flange is provided with at least one annular protrusion. A first sealing groove is formed between the annular protrusion and the edge of the front pressure cover. A first sealing groove is formed between adjacent annular protrusions. The annular protrusion moves along the surface of the positioning groove. The front pressure cover and the surface of the spindle flange are connected by the annular protrusion positioning groove and the positioning groove to form a first sealing cavity. The cross-section of the first sealing groove is rectangular.

[0013] Furthermore, the front cover and the inner side of the main shaft flange are provided with annular protrusions and a first sealing groove to form an axial seal; if a small amount of liquid breaks through the first seal, its flow path will be extended by the labyrinthine groove, and the flow resistance will increase significantly.

[0014] Furthermore, the turbulence and pressure difference created inside the labyrinth structure further prevent liquid penetration, ultimately guiding it to the external drainage channels.

[0015] Furthermore, as the main shaft rotates, the angle of the water-throwing trough optimizes the airflow distribution, generating an outward pressure gradient and further enhancing the liquid discharge efficiency.

[0016] Furthermore, a rear pressure cover is sleeved on the end of the shaft away from the shaft head. A second sealing groove is formed on the surface of the rear pressure cover. A rear sealing ring is sleeved in the second sealing groove. A second sealing cavity is formed between the contact surfaces of the rear pressure cover and the rear sealing ring. The cross-section of the second sealing groove is rectangular.

[0017] Furthermore, a rectangular waterproof groove is opened on the surface of the rear cover, which cooperates with the rear sealing ring to form an axial seal, so that the rear end of the spindle is not directly impacted by coolant, but it is necessary to prevent water mist and dust in the environment from entering.

[0018] Furthermore, the rear-end seal forms a physical barrier through a groove structure, utilizing airflow disturbance and mechanical blockage to achieve dust and fog prevention.

[0019] Furthermore, the contact surface between the rear pressure cap and the rear sealing ring forms a sealed cavity, preventing external contaminants from entering the bearing area and avoiding grease leakage.

[0020] Furthermore, the water-splashing trough includes multiple troughs, and the total width of the multiple water-splashing troughs matches the width of the water accumulation ditch.

[0021] Furthermore, the water-splashing groove is an annular toothed groove, with the inclined surface of the groove facing the front pressure cover, and the angle between the inclined surface of the groove and the horizontal plane is 30° to 60°.

[0022] Furthermore, when the slope angle is 30°, the slope is gentle, the flow resistance of the liquid in the water-throwing tank is small, the direction of centrifugal force is closer to the radial direction, the liquid can leave the water-throwing tank faster, and the throwing speed is higher, which is suitable for medium and low speed conditions or high coolant flow scenarios.

[0023] Furthermore, the ejected liquid splashes at a low angle and covers a wide area, but may be dispersed in different areas of the inner wall of the sheath, requiring the use of guide ribs to enhance the flow.

[0024] Furthermore, if the spindle speed is insufficient, some liquid may remain in the tank due to insufficient centrifugal force, resulting in incomplete drainage; at the same time, a small slope angle may weaken the auxiliary effect of airflow pressure difference.

[0025] Furthermore, when the slope angle is 45°, the angle is moderate, and the direction of centrifugal force is balanced with the slope. The liquid can be quickly ejected, and the pressure gradient generated by the spindle rotation enhances the discharge effect. This is suitable for a wide speed range, medium to high speed scenarios, and conventional coolant flow rates.

[0026] Furthermore, the liquid splash angle is centered, concentrating into the water accumulation groove of the sheath, with high alignment with the drain hole, resulting in optimal flow guidance efficiency;

[0027] Furthermore, the 45° slope balances water-throwing speed and flow stability, effectively addressing most processing scenarios.

[0028] Furthermore, when the slope angle is 60°, the slope is steep, the liquid stays in the tank for a longer time, and a higher centrifugal force is required, i.e. a higher rotation speed, to effectively throw it out. This is suitable for high-speed operating conditions or low coolant flow scenarios.

[0029] Furthermore, the liquid splashes at a higher angle and its ejection path is more concentrated, which may directly impact specific areas of the inner wall of the sheath. It is necessary to ensure that the width of the water accumulation groove matches the total width of the water ejection channel; otherwise, it may easily cause local liquid accumulation.

[0030] Furthermore, at low speeds, the water-throwing efficiency decreases significantly, and the liquid may flow back into the gap between the main shaft flange and the front cover, increasing the risk of water leakage; the steep slope may also weaken the auxiliary effect of the airflow pressure difference, which is not conducive to drainage.

[0031] Furthermore, the positioning groove corresponds one-to-one with the annular protrusion. When there are 2 to 3 annular protrusions, the front cover and the main shaft flange are connected by the positioning groove of the annular protrusion to form a labyrinth-type sealing structure.

[0032] Furthermore, when the main shaft rotates at high speed, its surface undergoes intense friction with the surrounding air, creating a mixed laminar and turbulent airflow field. Because the outer diameter of the main shaft flange is larger than that of the journal region, the linear velocity varies significantly at different diameters, resulting in uneven airflow velocity distribution.

[0033] In the large-diameter area, on the outer circumference of the flange, the linear velocity is high, and the airflow is quickly thrown out, forming a low-pressure area.

[0034] In the small-diameter region, the journal has a low linear velocity and relatively slow airflow, forming a high-pressure area.

[0035] The pressure gradient between the high and low pressure zones drives airflow from the high-pressure zone, through the journal, to the low-pressure zone, and then to the outer circumference of the flange, creating an outward airflow field. This airflow field, in conjunction with the design of the water-throwing trough, produces the following effects:

[0036] Assisted water ejection: The airflow pushes the coolant adhering to the spindle surface toward the water ejection tank.

[0037] Backflow prevention: The outward airflow forms an "air barrier" to prevent external liquids or pollutants from intruding along the main axis.

[0038] Furthermore, at low speeds, the pressure difference is weaker: the pressure difference between the low-pressure zone and the high-pressure zone is small, and the airflow velocity is insufficient to fully drive the liquid to move outward.

[0039] Water ejection relies on centrifugal force: The water ejection tank mainly relies on centrifugal force to eject water, and the slope angle needs to be gentler, such as 30°, to reduce flow resistance and make up for insufficient air pressure difference.

[0040] However, a small amount of liquid may remain in the sealing gap due to insufficient pressure difference, requiring a labyrinth seal for secondary isolation.

[0041] Furthermore, at medium speeds, the pressure difference is significantly enhanced: the airflow field forms a stable pressure gradient, which, in conjunction with the 45° inclined surface of the water-throwing trough, achieves efficient water throwing.

[0042] Dynamic equilibrium: The combined effect of centrifugal force and air pressure difference causes the liquid to be quickly thrown into the water accumulation groove of the sheath and discharged through the drain hole.

[0043] Within this speed range, the air pressure difference and mechanical structure are optimally matched, resulting in the lowest risk of water leakage.

[0044] Furthermore, at high speeds, excessive pressure differences can lead to intensified airflow turbulence, causing some liquid to be carried away by the airflow and atomize. Therefore, steep inclines (such as 60°) are required to prolong the residence time of the liquid in the tank and ensure that centrifugal force is fully utilized.

[0045] The drainage channels need to be widened or have additional guide ribs added to prevent the high-speed ejection of liquid from splashing out.

[0046] Waterproofing is performed in the following steps when the lathe spindle box is working:

[0047] Step 1: Coolant intrusion and initial blocking

[0048] During the machining process, coolant splashes along the spindle axis onto the spindle flange area.

[0049] Initial barrier effect of air pressure difference: The outward airflow field forms the first "air barrier", reducing the probability of liquid directly contacting the sealing gap.

[0050] Step 2: Centrifugal water removal and airflow combined for drainage

[0051] When the main shaft rotates, centrifugal force throws the attached liquid into the sling tank.

[0052] The air pressure difference enhances the water-throwing efficiency. The airflow moves from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area, pushing the liquid outward along the inclined surface of the water-throwing tank and accelerating its separation from the main shaft surface.

[0053] Step 3: Sheath drainage and water discharge;

[0054] Liquid enters the water accumulation groove of the sheath, and the guide ribs guide the liquid to the drain hole.

[0055] Air pressure difference assists drainage. The air pressure outside the sheath is lower than that inside, forming a slight negative pressure, which further draws in liquid and discharges it through the drain hole.

[0056] Step 4: Reinforce and protect the maze seal;

[0057] A small amount of liquid that breaks through the water-spraying channel enters the labyrinth structure of the front pressure cap.

[0058] Pressure differences impede permeation, and turbulence and pressure changes within the labyrinthine gaps disrupt the liquid flow path, ultimately guiding it to the outside.

[0059] Step 5: Seal the rear end to prevent fogging and dust.

[0060] The rectangular groove between the rear end cover and the rear sealing ring forms an axial seal, utilizing the air pressure stability in the low-speed region at the rear end of the spindle to block external water mist and dust.

[0061] The pressure difference is automatically adjusted with the rotation speed. At low speeds, it relies on mechanical water ejection, while at high speeds, it enhances airflow assistance to adapt to various working conditions. No additional power unit is required; it achieves sealing solely through the natural gas flow from the rotating main shaft, making it energy-efficient and highly effective.

[0062] Improved compatibility, combined with the angle of the water-splashing tank and the flow-guiding structure of the sheath, forms a dual protection of "mechanical + pneumatic", significantly reducing the risk of leakage.

[0063] A lathe spindle box includes a spindle box body, a spindle mounted inside the spindle box body via bearings, a chuck connected to the head end of the spindle, a rotary hydraulic cylinder connected to the other end of the spindle, a front pressure cover and a protective sleeve disposed between the spindle flange and the spindle box body, a tie rod disposed inside the spindle, the two ends of the tie rod being connected to the chuck and the rotary hydraulic cylinder respectively, and a V-belt pulley installed between the rotary hydraulic cylinder and the spindle box body.

[0064] Furthermore, a key fixing groove is provided on the surface of the spindle flange away from the spindle housing, and a key is fitted into the key fixing groove.

[0065] Furthermore, a cover plate is installed on the surface of the spindle housing, an encoder bracket is installed on the cover plate, a ring encoder is installed on the encoder bracket, the ring encoder is located between the V-belt pulley and the spindle housing, and a rear sealing ring and a rear pressure cover are installed sequentially between the ring encoder and the spindle housing.

[0066] Furthermore, the ring encoder is connected to an encoder direct read head.

[0067] Furthermore, components such as the sheath, front pressure cover, and rear sealing ring adopt standardized interfaces, allowing for seal replacement without disassembling the spindle, significantly reducing maintenance costs.

[0068] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0069] 1. The dynamic synergy between centrifugal force and air pressure difference enhances water removal efficiency;

[0070] When the spindle rotates at high speed, the slinger uses centrifugal force to throw the coolant radially out. Simultaneously, the difference in diameter between the outer circumference of the spindle flange and the journal area creates a high-pressure zone and a low-pressure zone. This pressure difference drives airflow from the high-pressure zone to the low-pressure zone, forming an outward "air barrier." This not only accelerates the liquid's escape from the slinger but also actively prevents external liquid backflow. Together, these two elements form a dual "mechanical + pneumatic" protection system, covering all speed conditions from low to high, offering strong adaptability.

[0071] 2. Complementary multi-stage sealing structures enhance reliability;

[0072] First-stage centrifugal water removal: The angle of the inclined surface of the water removal tank optimizes the matching between centrifugal force and airflow pressure difference, ensuring efficient liquid discharge.

[0073] Second-stage labyrinth barrier: The annular protrusion of the front pressure cap and the positioning groove form a labyrinth seal, extending the liquid permeation path. Combined with internal turbulence and pressure difference disturbances, it completely intercepts residual liquid.

[0074] The third level of rear-end dust protection: The axial sealing structure of the rear sealing ring and rear pressure cover utilizes the air pressure stability in the low-speed zone at the rear of the spindle to prevent water mist and dust from entering. This multi-level protection forms a three-dimensional sealing network, resulting in an extremely low risk of leakage.

[0075] 3. Compact structure, convenient operation and maintenance;

[0076] The traditional sheet metal shield is eliminated, and a modular design is adopted, significantly reducing the size and avoiding interference in the machining area. The sealing components can be quickly disassembled and replaced, reducing downtime and maintenance costs. In addition, high-precision components such as a ring encoder are integrated to improve the machine tool control accuracy while maintaining excellent sealing.

[0077] 4. Energy efficiency optimization and long lifespan design;

[0078] No additional power unit is required; dynamic sealing is achieved solely through the natural gas flow from the rotating spindle, resulting in energy efficiency and high performance. Multi-stage protection reduces grease contamination and bearing wear, extends spindle box life, reduces after-sales maintenance frequency, and significantly lowers overall operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0079] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0080] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a dynamic sealing waterproof structure;

[0081] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of section A in the middle;

[0082] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the front pressure cover surface with two annular protrusions.

[0083] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of section B;

[0084] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of section C;

[0085] Figure 6 This is a 3D structural diagram of the front pressure cover;

[0086] Figure 7 This is a sectional view of the front pressure cover.

[0087] Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the sheath;

[0088] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the sheath.

[0089] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rear cover;

[0090] Figure 11 This is a sectional view of the rear pressure cap.

[0091] Figure 12 Main axis three-dimensional structure diagram;

[0092] Figure 13 Main axis sectional view;

[0093] Figure 14 This is an exploded view of the lathe headstock.

[0094] Figure 15 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the lathe headstock;

[0095] Figure 16 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of a dynamic sealing and waterproofing structure.

[0096] In the picture:

[0097] 1. Spindle box;

[0098] 2. Front pressure cap; 201. First sealing groove; 202. Annular protrusion;

[0099] 3. Sheath; 301. Drain hole; 302. Water collection groove;

[0100] 4. Rear pressure cap; 401. Second sealing groove;

[0101] 5. V-belt pulley;

[0102] 6. Main spindle; 601. Main spindle flange; 602. Water ejector groove; 603. Positioning groove; 604. Transmission key fixing groove;

[0103] 7. Front bearing outer spacer;

[0104] 8. Front bearing inner spacer;

[0105] 9. Front lock nut spacer;

[0106] 10. Rear bearing spacer;

[0107] 11. Rear sealing ring;

[0108] 12. Encoder bracket;

[0109] 13. Cover plate;

[0110] 14. Bearings;

[0111] 15. Ring encoder;

[0112] 16. Encoder direct read head;

[0113] 17. Rotary hydraulic cylinder;

[0114] 18. Chuck;

[0115] 19. Hydraulic cylinder connecting plate;

[0116] 20. Transmission key;

[0117] 21. Pull rod. Detailed Implementation

[0118] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0119] The application principle of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0120] Example 1

[0121] like Figure 1-13 As shown, a dynamic sealing waterproof structure includes a main shaft 6, which includes a shaft body, a journal, and a shaft head;

[0122] A spindle flange 601 is fixedly connected to the shaft head. A water-spraying groove 602 is provided on the circumferential surface of the spindle flange 601, and at least one positioning groove 603 is provided on the surface of the spindle flange 601 near the journal.

[0123] The outer diameter of the spindle flange is machined with an annular toothed groove that is inclined outward at a certain angle, which is a water-throwing groove. When the spindle 6 rotates at high speed, the coolant adhering to the surface of the spindle 6 is thrown into the water accumulation groove 302 set in the inner wall of the sleeve 3 under the action of centrifugal force. Due to the difference in airflow velocity in different areas of the diameter of the spindle 6, a low-pressure area and a high-pressure area are formed, which further drives the coolant to flow outward and prevents the liquid from entering the housing along the axial direction.

[0124] A sleeve 3 is fitted onto the circumferential surface of the main shaft flange 601. A water accumulation groove 302 is provided at the contact point between the sleeve 3 and the circumferential surface of the main shaft flange 601. The water accumulation groove 302 is directly opposite the water discharge channel 602. A drain hole 301 is provided at the bottom of the water accumulation groove 302. Guide ribs are provided on the surface of the water accumulation groove 302.

[0125] The inner wall of the sheath 3 is designed with an annular water accumulation groove 302, which is directly opposite the water throwing path of the water throwing tank 602. The coolant thrown out gathers here and is discharged to the outside of the box through the drain hole 301 at the bottom of the water accumulation groove 302. Due to the surface tension between the liquid and the groove, some liquid may remain on the surface of the groove and accumulate. The guide ribs set on the surface of the water accumulation groove 302 can guide the liquid to flow quickly to the drain hole 301 to prevent liquid accumulation.

[0126] The water-spinning tank 602 actively discharges liquid by utilizing the dynamic centrifugal force of the main shaft 6 and the air pressure difference formed by different rotation speeds, while the labyrinth-type sealing structure passively blocks residual penetration through static structural design. The two complement each other to improve sealing reliability.

[0127] A front pressure cover 2 is located on the side of the main spindle flange 601 near the journal. At least one annular protrusion 202 is provided on the surface of the front pressure cover 2 near the main spindle flange 601. A first sealing groove 201 is formed between the annular protrusion 202 and the edge of the front pressure cover 2. A first sealing groove 201 is formed between adjacent annular protrusions 202. The annular protrusion 202 moves along the surface of the positioning groove 603. The front pressure cover 2 and the surface of the main spindle flange 601 are connected by the positioning groove of the annular protrusion 202 and the positioning groove 603 to form a first sealing cavity. The cross-section of the first sealing groove 201 is rectangular.

[0128] The front cover 2 and the inner side of the main shaft flange 6 are provided with annular protrusions 202 and a first sealing groove 201 to form an axial seal. If a small amount of liquid breaks through the first seal, its flow path will be extended by the labyrinthine groove, and the flow resistance will increase significantly.

[0129] The positioning groove 603 corresponds one-to-one with the annular protrusion 202. When there are 2 to 3 annular protrusions 202, the front pressure cover 2 and the main shaft flange 601 are connected by the positioning groove of the annular protrusion 202 and the positioning groove 603 to form a labyrinth-type sealing structure.

[0130] The turbulence and pressure difference created inside the labyrinth structure further prevent liquid penetration, ultimately directing it to the external drainage channels.

[0131] A rear pressure cover 2 is sleeved on one end of the shaft away from the shaft head. A second sealing groove 401 is formed on the surface of the rear pressure cover 2. A rear sealing ring 11 is sleeved on the second sealing groove 401. A second sealing cavity is formed between the contact surfaces of the rear pressure cover 2 and the rear sealing ring 11. The cross-section of the second sealing groove 401 is rectangular.

[0132] A rectangular waterproof groove is opened on the surface of the rear cover 2, which cooperates with the rear sealing ring 11 to form an axial seal. The rear end of the main shaft 6 is not directly impacted by coolant, but it is necessary to prevent water mist and dust in the environment from entering.

[0133] The rear seal forms a physical barrier through a groove structure, using airflow disturbance and mechanical blockage to achieve dust and fog prevention.

[0134] The contact surfaces of the rear pressure cover 2 and the rear sealing ring 11 form a sealed cavity, preventing external contaminants from entering the bearing area and avoiding grease leakage.

[0135] The water-splashing trough 602 includes multiple troughs, and the total width of the multiple water-splashing troughs 602 matches the width of the water accumulation ditch 302.

[0136] Example 2

[0137] like Figure 1-13 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the water-splashing trough 602 is an annular toothed groove, the inclined surface of the toothed groove faces the front pressure cover 2, and the angle formed by the inclined surface of the toothed groove and the horizontal plane is 30° to 60°.

[0138] When the slope angle is 30°, the slope is gentle, the liquid has low flow resistance in the water-throwing tank 602, the centrifugal force acts more radially, the liquid can leave the water-throwing tank 602 faster, and the throwing speed is higher, which is suitable for medium and low speed conditions or high coolant flow scenarios.

[0139] The ejected liquid splashes at a low angle and covers a wide area, but may disperse in different areas of the inner wall of the sheath, requiring the use of guide ribs to enhance the flow.

[0140] If the spindle speed is insufficient, some liquid may remain in the tank due to insufficient centrifugal force, resulting in incomplete drainage; at the same time, a small slope angle may weaken the auxiliary effect of airflow pressure difference.

[0141] When the slope angle is 45°, the angle is moderate, and the direction of centrifugal force is balanced with the slope. The liquid can be quickly ejected, and the pressure gradient generated by the rotation of the main shaft 6 enhances the discharge effect. It is suitable for a wide speed range, medium to high speed scenarios, and conventional coolant flow rates.

[0142] The liquid splashes at the center angle and concentrates into the water accumulation groove 302 of the sheath 3, with a high degree of alignment with the drain hole 301, resulting in the best diversion efficiency.

[0143] The 45° slope balances water-throwing speed and flow stability, effectively handling most processing scenarios.

[0144] When the slope angle is 60°, the slope is steep, the liquid stays in the tank for a longer time, and a higher centrifugal force is required, i.e. a higher rotation speed, to effectively throw it out. This is suitable for high-speed operating conditions or low coolant flow scenarios.

[0145] The liquid splashes at a higher angle and the ejection path is more concentrated, which may directly impact a specific area of ​​the inner wall of the sheath 3. It is necessary to ensure that the width of the water accumulation groove 302 matches the total width of the water ejection groove 602, otherwise it is easy to cause local liquid accumulation.

[0146] At low speeds, the water-throwing efficiency decreases significantly, and the liquid may flow back into the gap between the main shaft flange 601 and the front cover 2, increasing the risk of water leakage; the steep slope may also weaken the auxiliary effect of the airflow pressure difference, which is not conducive to drainage.

[0147] Example 3

[0148] like Figure 1-15 As shown, a lathe spindle box includes a spindle box body 1. A spindle 6 is mounted inside the spindle box body 1 via a bearing 13. A chuck 18 is connected to the head end of the spindle 6, and a rotary hydraulic cylinder 17 is connected to the other end of the spindle 6. A front pressure cover 2 and a protective sleeve 3 are provided between the spindle flange 601 and the spindle box body 1. A tie rod 21 is provided inside the spindle 6. The two ends of the tie rod are respectively connected to the chuck 18 and the rotary hydraulic cylinder 17. A V-belt pulley 5 is installed between the rotary hydraulic cylinder 17 and the spindle box body 1.

[0149] The spindle flange 601 has a transmission key fixing groove 604 on the side away from the spindle housing 1, and the transmission key fixing groove 604 is fitted with a transmission key 20.

[0150] A cover plate 13 is installed on the surface of the spindle housing 1. An encoder bracket 12 is installed on the cover plate 13. A ring encoder 15 is installed on the encoder bracket 12. The ring encoder 15 is located between the V-belt pulley 5 and the spindle housing 1. A rear sealing ring 11 and a rear pressure cover 4 are installed between the ring encoder 15 and the spindle housing 1 in sequence.

[0151] The main spindle 6 has a front bearing outer spacer 7 and a front bearing inner spacer installed between the bearings 14 near the shaft head. The front lock nut spacer 9 and the rear bearing spacer 10 are installed at the front and rear of the shaft body, respectively.

[0152] The ring encoder 15 is connected to an encoder direct read head 16.

[0153] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0154] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A dynamic sealing waterproof structure, comprising a main shaft (6), wherein the main shaft (6) comprises a shaft body, a journal, and a shaft head, characterized in that: The spindle (6) is provided with a spindle flange (601) on its surface. A water-spraying groove (602) is provided on the circumferential side surface of the spindle flange (601). At least one positioning groove (603) is provided on the side surface of the spindle flange (601) near the journal. A sleeve (3) is fitted onto the circumferential surface of the main shaft flange (601), and a water accumulation groove (302) is provided at the contact point between the sleeve (3) and the circumferential surface of the main shaft flange (601). The water accumulation ditch (302) is directly opposite the water spill trough (602), and a drain hole (301) is provided at the bottom of the water accumulation ditch (302). The surface of the water accumulation ditch (302) is provided with guide ribs.

2. The dynamic sealing and waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a front pressure cover (2), which is located on the side of the main spindle flange (601) near the journal. The surface of the front pressure cover (2) near the main spindle flange (601) is provided with at least one annular protrusion (202). A first sealing groove (201) is formed between the annular protrusion (202) and the edge of the front pressure cover (2). A first sealing groove (201) is formed between adjacent annular protrusions (202). The annular protrusion (202) moves along the surface of the positioning groove (603). The front pressure cover (2) and the surface of the main spindle flange (601) are connected by the positioning groove of the annular protrusion (202) and the positioning groove (603) to form a first sealing cavity.

3. The dynamic sealing and waterproof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rear cover (4) is sleeved on the end of the shaft away from the shaft head. A second sealing groove (401) is provided on the surface of the rear cover (401). A rear sealing ring (11) is sleeved on the second sealing groove (401). A second sealing cavity is formed between the contact surfaces of the rear cover (4) and the rear sealing ring (11).

4. The dynamic sealing and waterproof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water-splashing trough (602) includes multiple troughs, and the total width of the multiple water-splashing troughs (602) matches the width of the water accumulation ditch (302).

5. The dynamic sealing and waterproof structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water-splashing trough (602) is an annular toothed groove, with the inclined surface of the toothed groove facing the front pressure cover (2) and the angle between the inclined surface of the toothed groove and the horizontal plane being 30° to 60°.

6. The dynamic sealing and waterproof structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning groove (603) corresponds one-to-one with the annular protrusion (202). When there are 2 to 3 annular protrusions (202), the front cover (2) and the main shaft flange (601) are connected by the positioning groove of the annular protrusion (202) and the positioning groove (603) to form a labyrinth-type sealing structure.

7. A lathe spindle box, comprising a dynamic sealing and waterproof structure as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The spindle housing (1) is equipped with a spindle (6) mounted inside the spindle housing (1) via a bearing (14). A chuck (18) is connected to the head end of the spindle (6), and a rotary hydraulic cylinder (17) is connected to the other end of the spindle (6). A front cover (2) and a sleeve (3) are provided between the spindle flange (601) and the spindle housing (1). A tie rod (21) is provided inside the spindle (6), and the two ends of the tie rod are connected to the chuck (18) and the rotary hydraulic cylinder (17) respectively. A V-belt pulley (5) is installed between the rotary hydraulic cylinder (17) and the spindle housing (1).

8. A lathe spindle box according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spindle flange (601) has a transmission key fixing groove (604) on the side away from the spindle housing (1), and the transmission key fixing groove (604) is fitted with a transmission key (20).

9. A lathe spindle box according to claim 7, characterized in that: A cover plate (13) is installed on the surface of the spindle housing (1). An encoder bracket (12) is installed on the cover plate (13). A ring encoder (15) is installed on the encoder bracket (12). The ring encoder (15) is located between the V-belt pulley (5) and the spindle housing (1). A rear sealing ring (11) and a rear pressure cover (4) are installed between the ring encoder (15) and the spindle housing (1) in sequence.

10. A lathe spindle box according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ring encoder (15) is connected to an encoder direct reading head (16).

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