Railway vehicle coupler yoke assembly welding tool

Abstract

The application discloses a rail vehicle car coupler pedestal assembly welding tool, which comprises a rotary mounting seat, a tool main body and a reverse deformation mechanism. The tool main body comprises a main body frame and upper and lower, front and rear and left and right direction pressing devices, and can fix the car coupler pedestal in multiple dimensions; the upper and lower reverse deformation devices of the reverse deformation mechanism can exert outward force on both sides of the car coupler pedestal before welding, so that the both sides of the car coupler pedestal form pre-deformation in the opposite direction of welding deformation. The tool can inhibit welding deformation of thick plate long weld from the source, reduce the post-welding correction process, improve the precision stability, realize overall overturning combined with the rotary mounting seat, reduce the clamping times, improve the production efficiency, adapt to the thick plate welding demand and guarantee the reliability of the car coupler pedestal connection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rail vehicle coupler seat processing, and in particular to a welding fixture for rail vehicle coupler seat assembly. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component connecting the car body and the coupler, the welding quality of the coupler seat directly affects the safety and reliability of vehicle operation. Coupler seat components are typically welded from plates approximately 100mm thick, requiring long weld seams. This process faces two major technical challenges:

[0003] Firstly, during the welding of thick plates with long weld seams, the large and uneven heat input easily leads to significant residual stress and deformation in the weldment. For example, the expansion and contraction of the weld area due to high temperature can cause the side plates to curl and deform towards the center of the weld. Traditional tooling, which relies solely on rigid clamping, cannot counteract this deformation trend. Post-weld processing methods such as flame straightening and mechanical rolling are required, which are not only inefficient but may also damage the material properties due to repeated straightening, making it difficult to meet the high-precision assembly requirements of the coupler seat (such as flatness and perpendicularity deviations needing to be controlled within 1mm).

[0004] Secondly, existing tooling generally lacks targeted anti-deformation pre-control mechanisms. For example, although some tooling uses hydraulic clamping devices, it does not apply a pre-deformation force opposite to the direction of deformation to the weldment before welding, resulting in a significant cumulative deformation effect during welding. For thick plate welding, if the deformation is not pre-countered through structural design before welding, relying solely on welding sequence optimization or process parameter adjustment (such as multi-layer multi-pass welding) is still insufficient to fundamentally solve the deformation problem caused by the large material thickness and slow heat conduction. In addition, multiple clamping and flipping operations (such as the traditional process requiring three flipping clamping operations) not only increase labor time and costs but may also further amplify deformation deviations due to positioning errors. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application integrates upper and lower anti-deformation devices within the main frame of the tooling, applying outward pre-deformation force to the two side plates before welding. This causes the plates to form a small angle opposite to the direction of welding deformation in advance. Combined with the synergistic effect of the multi-directional clamping device, deformation can be suppressed from the source, significantly improving welding accuracy and production efficiency.

[0006] A welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly includes a rotary mounting base, a fixture body, and an anti-deformation mechanism. The rotary mounting base is respectively installed at the left and right ends of the fixture body, and the fixture body is mounted on the rotary mechanism via the rotary mounting base.

[0007] The tooling body includes a main frame, a vertical clamping device, a front-back clamping device, and a left-right clamping device. The rail vehicle coupler seat is clamped in the main frame. The vertical clamping device clamps and fixes the rail vehicle coupler seat in the vertical direction. The front-back clamping device clamps and fixes the rail vehicle coupler seat in the front-back direction. The left-right clamping device clamps and fixes the rail vehicle coupler seat in the left-right direction.

[0008] The anti-deformation mechanism includes an upper anti-deformation device and a lower anti-deformation device. The upper anti-deformation device is installed on the top of the main frame. Before welding the rail vehicle coupler seat, the upper anti-deformation device can abut against the upper part of the two side plates of the rail vehicle coupler seat and apply an outward force to the two side plates, so that the two side plates are pre-deformed at a first small angle opposite to the welding deformation direction. The lower anti-deformation device is installed near the bottom of the main frame. Before welding the rail vehicle coupler seat, the lower anti-deformation device can abut against the lower part of the two side plates of the rail vehicle coupler seat and apply an outward force to the two side plates, so that the two side plates are pre-deformed at a second small angle opposite to the welding deformation direction.

[0009] Furthermore, both the first and second minute angles are 0.5° to 5°, which can offset welding deformation.

[0010] Furthermore, the vertical pressing device includes multiple upper pressing components, multiple first lower support components, and multiple second lower support components. The upper pressing components are respectively disposed on the upper part of the rail vehicle coupler seat near the four corners. The first lower support components are respectively installed side by side on the front crossbeam and the rear crossbeam at the bottom of the main frame to support the bottom of the front and rear side plates of the rail vehicle coupler seat. The second lower support components are arranged side by side on the middle crossbeam in the middle of the main frame to support the bottom of the middle connecting plate of the rail vehicle coupler seat. The upper pressing components press the rail vehicle coupler seat downwards onto the first lower support components and the second lower support components.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper clamping assembly includes an upper mounting part and an upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly, the upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly is mounted on the upper mounting part, and the upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly is arranged vertically downward.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper mounting part includes an upper mounting base, a pressure arm, a pivot pin, and a locking pin. The pressure arm is rotatably mounted on the upper mounting base via the pivot pin, and the locking pin is located on one side of the upper mounting base. When the pressure arm reaches the designated position around the pivot pin, it is fixed by the locking pin.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly includes a nut, a screw, a clamping head locking cover assembly, a clamping head base block, and a clamping head protective pad. One side of the nut is installed at the end of the clamping arm. The screw is threadedly connected to the nut. The clamping head locking cover assembly and the clamping head base block are rotatably connected to the ball head at the lower end of the screw. The clamping head base block is located at the lower end of the clamping head locking cover assembly, and the clamping head protective pad is located at the lower end of the clamping head base block.

[0014] Furthermore, the first lower support assembly includes a first lower support seat and a first lower support pad, and the second lower support assembly includes a second lower support seat and a second lower support pad.

[0015] Furthermore, the front-to-back clamping device includes multiple front clamping components and multiple rear support components. The front clamping components are disposed on the front middle crossbeam of the main frame, and the rear support components are disposed on the rear middle crossbeam of the main frame. The left-to-right clamping device includes multiple left clamping components and multiple right support components. The left clamping components are disposed on the left middle crossbeam of the main frame, and the right support components are disposed on the right middle crossbeam of the main frame.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper anti-deformation device includes a slide rail, a second mounting base, a fixed rod, a height adjustment component, and a jack base. The slide rail is respectively installed on the front crossbeam and the rear crossbeam at the top of the main frame. The second mounting base is respectively installed on the slide rail. Both ends of the fixed rod are respectively installed on the second mounting base. The jack base is installed on the fixed rod through the height adjustment component, which is used to adjust the height of the jack base.

[0017] Furthermore, the telescopic part of the jack base is connected to a first jack head seat, and the fixed part of the jack base is connected to a second jack head seat.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0019] (1) This application uses the combined action of the upper and lower anti-deformation devices to apply outward force to the two side plates of the coupler seat before welding, so that they pre-form the first and second small angle pre-deformation opposite to the welding deformation direction, which can directly offset the shrinkage stress caused by uneven heat input during welding, and fundamentally reduce the amount of deformation of the two side plates curling towards the weld center.

[0020] (2) The tooling body of this application integrates vertical, horizontal, and front-back, left-right clamping devices, which can achieve multi-dimensional rigid fixation of the coupler seat. Combined with the rotating mounting base, it can achieve overall flipping, and the welding of the entire weld can be completed without multiple disassembly and reassembly. Compared with the traditional process that requires three flipping and clamping operations, this application can reduce the accumulation of clamping and positioning errors, shorten auxiliary time, and avoid workpiece displacement caused by multiple flipping, further ensuring welding accuracy and reducing production costs.

[0021] (3) The pre-deformation force applied by the anti-deformation device of this application can be adapted to the characteristics of slow heat conduction and large residual stress of thick plates. By releasing part of the stress in advance, the welding deformation trend can be offset. The multi-directional clamping device can cope with the rigid deformation resistance during thick plate welding, ensure stable clamping, solve the problem of traditional tooling not being able to clamp or control the long weld of thick plates, and broaden the process application range of the tooling. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rail vehicle coupler seat installed on a welding fixture according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rail vehicle coupler seat separation welding fixture provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a front view of a welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view at AA;

[0026] Figure 5 A top view of a welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Sectional view at BB;

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of the area at point D;

[0029] Figure 8 A top view of a welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Sectional view at CC;

[0031] Figure 10 for Figure 6 A magnified view of the area at point E;

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0033] 1. Rotary mounting base; 2. Tooling body; 3. Anti-deformation mechanism; Q. Rail vehicle coupler seat;

[0034] 21. Main frame; 22. Vertical clamping device; 23. Front-back clamping device; 24. Left-right clamping device;

[0035] 31. Upper anti-deformation device; 32. Lower anti-deformation device;

[0036] 221. Upper clamping assembly; 222. First lower support assembly; 223. Second lower support assembly;

[0037] 2211. Upper mounting part; 2212. Upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly;

[0038] 2211a. Upper mounting base; 2211b. Pressure arm; 2211c. Turning pin; 2211d. Insert pin;

[0039] 2212a, Nut; 2212b, Screw; 2212c, Indenter head locking cover assembly; 2212d, Indenter head base block; 2212e, Indenter head protective pad;

[0040] 2221. First lower support seat; 2222. First lower support pad;

[0041] 231. Front clamping assembly; 232. Rear support assembly;

[0042] 241. Left clamping assembly; 242. Right support assembly;

[0043] 311. Slide rail; 312. Second mounting base; 313. Fixing rod; 314. Height adjustment assembly; 315. Jack base; 316. First jack head; 317. Second jack head;

[0044] 3141. Adjusting nut; 3142. Adjusting screw; 3143. Adjusting ring; 3144. First rotating shaft; 3145. Second rotating shaft;

[0045] 3151. Handle;

[0046] 11. Connecting plate; 12. Fixing square tube; 13. Connecting square tube; 14. Installing vertical beam; Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In particular, the understanding of the term "upper" following a noun in the claims should be understood as meaning that the entire inner and outer surfaces of the structure referred to by the noun conform to the definition of "upper."

[0049] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, describes the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects provided in this application.

[0050] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a rail vehicle coupler seat Q assembly welding fixture includes a rotary mounting base 1, a fixture body 2, and an anti-deformation mechanism 3. The rotary mounting base 1 is installed on the left and right ends of the fixture body 2, and the fixture body 2 is installed on the rotary mechanism (not shown in the figure) through the rotary mounting base 1.

[0051] The main body of the tooling 2 includes a main frame 21, a vertical clamping device 22, a front-rear clamping device 23, and a left-right clamping device 24. The rail vehicle coupler seat Q is clamped in the main frame. The vertical clamping device 21 is the main frame; the vertical clamping device 22 clamps and fixes the rail vehicle coupler seat Q in the vertical direction; the front-rear clamping device 23 clamps and fixes the rail vehicle coupler seat Q in the front-rear direction; and the left-right clamping device 24 clamps and fixes the rail vehicle coupler seat Q in the left-right direction.

[0052] The anti-deformation mechanism 3 includes an upper anti-deformation device 31 and a lower anti-deformation device 32. The upper anti-deformation device 31 is installed on the top of the main frame. Before welding the rail vehicle coupler seat Q, the upper anti-deformation device 31 can abut against the upper part of the two side plates of the rail vehicle coupler seat Q and apply an outward force to the two side plates, so that the two side plates are pre-deformed by a first small angle opposite to the welding deformation direction. The lower anti-deformation device 32 is installed near the bottom of the main frame. Before welding the rail vehicle coupler seat Q, the lower anti-deformation device 32 can abut against the lower part of the two side plates of the rail vehicle coupler seat Q and apply an outward force to the two side plates, so that the two side plates are pre-deformed by a second small angle opposite to the welding deformation direction.

[0053] The main frame is made up of multiple directional pipes welded together.

[0054] Furthermore, both the first and second micro-angles are 0.5° to 5° capable of offsetting welding deformation. Specifically, the first micro-angle is 1° to 3°, and the second micro-angle is 0.5° to 1.5°.

[0055] Specifically, in actual welding operations, the setting of the first and second micro-angles needs to be implemented in conjunction with the thickness of the two side plates of the coupler seat and the welding deformation characteristics of the long weld:

[0056] For the first minute angle (1° to 3°), during operation, first adjust the left and right positions of the fixing rod 313 using the slide rail 311 of the upper anti-deformation device 31, so that the jack base 315 is aligned with the pre-loaded points on the upper part of the side plates; then adjust the jack height using the adjusting screw 2212b of the height adjustment component 314, ensuring that the first jack head 316 is in contact with the upper part of the side plate. Subsequently, crank the remote lever 3152 to drive the telescopic part to extend, using the rotatable structure of the first jack head 316 to adapt to the tilting trend of the side plate. Monitor the outward tilt angle of the upper part of the side plate in real time using a dial indicator or angle gauge until it reaches 1° to 3° (corresponding to an outward deformation of about 10mm), and finally lock the bolts of the slide rail 311 and the height adjustment component 314.

[0057] For the second minute angle (0.5° to 1.5°), a lower anti-deformation device 32 with the same structure as the upper anti-deformation device 31 is used. The jack base 315 is aligned with the lower part of the two side plates. By adjusting the extension of the telescopic part and cooperating with the angle measuring tool, the lower part of the side plate is controlled to tilt outward by 0.5° to 1.5° (corresponding to a deformation of about 5mm). The shims of the second jack seat 317 are used to avoid damage to the surface of the side plate.

[0058] After the above angle settings are completed, the up-down, front-back, and left-right clamping devices 24 are activated to achieve rigid fixation of the coupler seat, ensuring the stability of the pre-deformation state during welding. Finally, the deformation offset effect is verified by post-weld inspection. If there is a deviation, it can be calibrated a second time through the fine-tuning function of the anti-deformation device.

[0059] like Figure 6As shown, the vertical pressing device 22 further includes multiple upper pressing components 221, multiple first lower support components 222, and multiple second lower support components 223. The upper pressing components 221 are respectively disposed on the upper part of the rail vehicle coupler seat Q near the four corners. The first lower support components 222 are respectively installed side by side on the front crossbeam and the rear crossbeam at the bottom of the main frame to support the bottom of the front and rear side plates of the rail vehicle coupler seat Q. The second lower support components 223 are arranged side by side on the middle crossbeam in the middle of the main frame to support the bottom of the middle connecting plate 11 of the rail vehicle coupler seat Q. The upper pressing components 221 press the rail vehicle coupler seat Q downwards onto the first lower support components 222 and the second lower support components 223.

[0060] like Figure 7 As shown, the upper clamping assembly 221 further includes an upper mounting part 2211 and an upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly 2212. The upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly 2212 is mounted on the upper mounting part 2211 and is arranged vertically downward.

[0061] like Figure 7 As shown, the upper mounting part 2211 further includes an upper mounting base 2211a, a pressure arm 2211b, a pivot pin 2211c, and a pin 2211d. The pressure arm 2211b is rotatably mounted on the upper mounting base 2211a via the pivot pin 2211c. The pin is provided on one side of the upper mounting base 2211a. When the pressure arm 2211b reaches the designated position around the pivot pin, it is fixed by the pin 2211d.

[0062] like Figure 7As shown, the upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly 2212 further includes a nut 2212a, a screw 2212b, a clamping head locking cover assembly 2212c, a clamping head base block 2212d, and a clamping head protective pad 2212e. One side of the nut 2212a is installed at the end of the clamping arm 2211b. The screw 2212b is threadedly connected to the nut 2212a. The clamping head locking cover assembly 2212c and the clamping head base block 2212d are rotatably connected to the ball head at the lower end of the screw 2212b. The clamping head base block 2212d is located at the lower end of the clamping head locking cover assembly 2212c, and the clamping head protective pad 2212e is located at the lower end of the clamping head base block 2212d. The adjustable ball head clamping assembly 2212 achieves precise adjustment of clamping force through the threaded connection between the screw 2212b and the nut 2212a, allowing for flexible control of pressure according to the clamping requirements of thick plate parts for the coupler seat. The clamping head locking cover assembly 2212c and the clamping head base block 2212d are rotatably connected to the lower ball head of the screw 2212b, which can adapt to slight tilts or unevenness of the workpiece surface, ensuring a tight fit of the clamping surface and avoiding workpiece deformation caused by local stress concentration. The clamping head protective pad 2212e effectively prevents scratches or indentations on the workpiece surface during clamping, protecting the precision of the parts. The overall structure is easy to operate, and stable clamping can be achieved through threaded fine adjustment, making it suitable for the high-precision fixing requirements during coupler seat welding.

[0063] like Figure 6 As shown, the first lower support assembly 222 further includes a first lower support seat 2221 and a first lower support pad 2222, and the second lower support assembly 223 includes a second lower support and a second lower support pad.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, the front-to-back clamping device 23 further includes multiple front clamping components 231 and multiple rear support components 232. The front clamping components 231 are disposed on the front middle crossbeam of the main frame, and the rear support components 232 are disposed on the rear middle crossbeam of the main frame. The left-to-right clamping device 24 includes multiple left clamping components 241 and multiple right support components 242. The left clamping components 241 are disposed on the left middle crossbeam of the main frame, and the right support components are disposed on the right middle crossbeam of the main frame.

[0065] The front clamping assembly 231 and the left clamping assembly 241 have the same structure as the upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly 2212, and will not be described in detail here.

[0066] The rear support assembly 232 and the right support assembly have the same structure as the first lower support assembly 222, and will not be described in detail here.

[0067] like Figure 9As shown, the upper anti-deformation device 31 further includes a slide rail 311, a second mounting base 312, a fixing rod 313, a height adjustment component 314, and a jack base 315. The slide rail 311 is respectively installed on the front crossbeam and the rear crossbeam at the top of the main frame. The second mounting base 312 is respectively installed on the slide rail 311, so that the left and right positions of the fixing rod 313 can be adjusted through the slide rail 311. After adjustment, it is locked in the slide groove of the slide rail 311 by bolts. The two ends of the fixing rod 313 are respectively installed on the second mounting base 312. The jack base 315 is installed on the fixing rod 313 through the height adjustment component 314. The height adjustment component 314 is used to adjust the height of the jack base 315. The upper anti-deformation device 31 achieves flexible adjustment of the left and right positions of the fixing rod 313 through the cooperation of the slide rail 311 and the second mounting base 312, which can be adapted to the side plates of the coupler seat of different lengths and enhance the versatility of the tooling; after adjustment, the position can be locked by bolts to ensure stability and avoid displacement due to force during welding; the jack base 315 achieves height adjustment with the help of the height adjustment component 314, which can accurately align with the position on the upper part of the side plates where the anti-deformation force needs to be applied, ensuring that the pre-deformation angle is accurate and controllable; the fixing rod 313 connects the two ends of the second mounting base 312 to form a stable support structure, so that the jack base 315 is subjected to uniform force when applying force, improving the stability of the anti-deformation effect and effectively meeting the pre-deformation control requirements when welding thick plates and long welds.

[0068] The lower anti-deformation device 32 has the same structure as the upper anti-deformation device 31, and will not be described in detail here.

[0069] Furthermore, the telescopic part of the jack base 315 is connected to the first jack head 316, and the fixed part of the jack base 315 is connected to the second jack head 317.

[0070] The height adjustment assembly 314 is provided in groups, including an adjusting nut 3141, an adjusting screw 3142 and an adjusting ring 3143. The telescopic part of the jack base 315 is installed in one of the adjusting rings 3143 and can move back and forth within the ring. The fixed part of the jack base 315 is installed in the other adjusting ring 3143.

[0071] A first rotating shaft 3144 is provided perpendicular to the axis of the telescopic part; a first mounting groove is provided at the end of the telescopic part along the direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft; one end of a first top seat 316 is located in the first mounting groove and is rotatably mounted on the first rotating shaft 3144; a first gasket is provided on the end face of the first top seat 316.

[0072] A second rotating shaft 3145 is provided perpendicular to the axis of the telescopic part; a second mounting groove is provided at the end of the fixed part along the direction perpendicular to the second rotating shaft 3145; one end of the second top seat 317 is located in the second mounting groove and is rotatably mounted on the second rotating shaft 3145; a second gasket is provided on the end face of the second top seat 317.

[0073] like Figure 9 As shown, a handle 3151 is provided on the upper part of the jack base 315, and a remote lever is provided on the side of the jack base 315 for driving the telescopic part to perform telescopic movement.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, specifically, the rotating mounting base 1 includes a connecting plate 11, a fixed square tube 12, a docking square tube 13, and a mounting vertical beam 14. The mounting vertical beam 14 is located on the left side of the main frame. The docking square tube 13 is vertically installed on the left side of the mounting vertical beam 14. The fixed square tube 12 is fitted onto the docking square tube 13 through a mounting groove and locked with bolts. The connecting plate 11 is installed on the left end of the fixed square tube 12 and is used to install on the rotating mechanism.

[0075] The working principle of this application is as follows:

[0076] By placing the rail vehicle coupler seat Q part inside the main frame, the upper clamping component 221, the first lower support component 222, and the second lower support component 223 of the main frame 22 of the vertical clamping device 21 are used to clamp and fix the bottom of the front and rear side plates and the bottom of the middle connecting plate 11 of the coupler seat from the vertical direction. Then, the front clamping component 231 and the rear support component 232 of the vertical clamping device 23, and the left clamping component 241 and the right support component of the horizontal clamping device 24 are used to achieve rigid positioning of the coupler seat from the front and rear and left and right directions, ensuring accurate assembly of the parts.

[0077] Subsequently, by adjusting the slide rail 311 and the height adjustment component 314 through the upper anti-deformation device 31, the jack base 315 is aligned with the upper part of the two side plates of the coupler seat. The remote lever 3152 is rocked to drive the telescopic part to extend. The rotatable first top seat 316 applies an outward force to the upper part of the side plate, forming a first micro-angle pre-deformation of 1° to 3° (corresponding to an outward deformation of about 10mm). At the same time, the lower anti-deformation device 32 applies a force to the lower part of the two side plates in the same principle, forming a second micro-angle pre-deformation of 0.5° to 1.5° (corresponding to an outward deformation of about 5mm). The pre-deformation counteracts the inward curling tendency caused by thermal shrinkage during welding.

[0078] During welding, the tooling is connected to an external rotating mechanism via a rotating mounting base 1, allowing for flexible adjustment of the overall angle and facilitating all-position welding of long welds. The clamping devices in all directions maintain stable clamping, while the anti-deformation mechanism 3 maintains the pre-deformation state, ensuring no displacement of parts during welding and stable pre-deformation. After welding, the pre-deformation and welding deformation cancel each other out, ultimately resulting in a high-precision coupler seat assembly.

[0079] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and substitutions without departing from the technical principles of this application, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly, characterized in that: It includes a rotary mounting base, a tooling body, and an anti-deformation mechanism. The rotary mounting base is respectively installed at the left and right ends of the tooling body, and the tooling body is installed on the rotary mechanism via the rotary mounting base. The tooling body includes a main frame, a vertical clamping device, a front-back clamping device, and a left-right clamping device. The rail vehicle coupler seat is clamped in the main frame. The vertical clamping device clamps and fixes the rail vehicle coupler seat in the vertical direction. The front-back clamping device clamps and fixes the rail vehicle coupler seat in the front-back direction. The left-right clamping device clamps and fixes the rail vehicle coupler seat in the left-right direction. The anti-deformation mechanism includes an upper anti-deformation device and a lower anti-deformation device. The upper anti-deformation device is installed on the top of the main frame. Before welding the rail vehicle coupler seat, the upper anti-deformation device can abut against the upper part of the two side plates of the rail vehicle coupler seat and apply an outward force to the two side plates, so that the two side plates are pre-deformed at a first small angle opposite to the welding deformation direction. The lower anti-deformation device is installed near the bottom of the main frame. Before welding the rail vehicle coupler seat, the lower anti-deformation device can abut against the lower part of the two side plates of the rail vehicle coupler seat and apply an outward force to the two side plates, so that the two side plates are pre-deformed at a second small angle opposite to the welding deformation direction.

2. The welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first and second minute angles are 0.5° to 5°, which can offset welding deformation.

3. The welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical pressing device includes multiple upper pressing components, multiple first lower support components, and multiple second lower support components. The upper pressing components are respectively disposed on the upper part of the rail vehicle coupler seat near the four corners. The first lower support components are respectively installed side by side on the front crossbeam and the rear crossbeam at the bottom of the main frame to support the bottom of the front and rear side plates of the rail vehicle coupler seat. The second lower support components are arranged side by side on the middle crossbeam in the middle of the main frame to support the bottom of the middle connecting plate of the rail vehicle coupler seat. The upper pressing components press the rail vehicle coupler seat downwards onto the first lower support components and the second lower support components.

4. The welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper clamping assembly includes an upper mounting part and an upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly. The upper screw adjustable ball head clamping assembly is mounted on the upper mounting part and is set vertically downward.

5. The welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper mounting part includes an upper mounting base, a pressure arm, a pivot pin, and a pin. The pressure arm is rotatably mounted on the upper mounting base via the pivot pin. The pin is located on one side of the upper mounting base. When the pressure arm reaches the designated position around the pivot pin, it is fixed by the pin.

6. The welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjustable ball head clamping assembly includes a nut, a screw, a clamping head locking cover assembly, a clamping head base block, and a clamping head protective pad. One side of the nut is installed at the end of the clamping arm. The screw is threadedly connected to the nut. The clamping head locking cover assembly and the clamping head base block are rotatably connected to the ball head at the lower end of the screw. The clamping head base block is located at the lower end of the clamping head locking cover assembly, and the clamping head protective pad is located at the lower end of the clamping head base block.

7. The welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first lower support assembly includes a first lower support base and a first lower support pad, and the second lower support assembly includes a second lower support base and a second lower support pad.

8. The welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front-to-back clamping device includes multiple front clamping components and multiple rear support components. The front clamping components are mounted on the front middle crossbeam of the main frame, and the rear support components are mounted on the rear middle crossbeam of the main frame. The left-to-right clamping device includes multiple left clamping components and multiple right support components. The left clamping components are mounted on the left middle crossbeam of the main frame, and the right support components are mounted on the right middle crossbeam of the main frame.

9. The welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper anti-deformation device includes a slide rail, a second mounting base, a fixed rod, a height adjustment component, and a jack base. The slide rail is respectively installed on the front crossbeam and the rear crossbeam at the top of the main frame. The second mounting base is respectively installed on the slide rail. Both ends of the fixed rod are respectively installed on the second mounting base. The jack base is installed on the fixed rod through the height adjustment component, which is used to adjust the height of the jack base.

10. The welding fixture for a rail vehicle coupler seat assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that: The telescopic part of the jack base is connected to a first jack head seat, and the fixed part of the jack base is connected to a second jack head seat.

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