Method and apparatus for the production of concrete paving stones and concrete paving stone

Abstract

Method for producing ready-to-lay concrete paving stones (1, 1'), in which a raw concrete block (10) is first produced mechanically using a paving stone machine (20), wherein the raw concrete block (10) is produced as a layered concrete block having at least one core concrete layer (2) and at least one facing concrete layer (3), and for this purpose, a core concrete is first poured into a basic formwork (21) provided for the paving stone machine (20) and compacted, wherein a facing concrete is then poured onto the compacted core concrete and also compacted, and finally the core and facing concrete are hardened, wherein the raw concrete block (10) is produced in a raw format that is larger than a format of the concrete paving stones (1, 1') to be produced, wherein the raw concrete block (10) has a block width (BB) and a block length (BL) that are each a multiple of a width (B) and length (L) of the paving stones to be produced Concrete paving stones (1,1') and wherein the raw concrete block (10) is manufactured in a block thickness (BS) which essentially corresponds to a thickness (d) of the concrete paving stones (1, 1') to be produced, wherein, in order to obtain the concrete paving stones (1, 1') from the fully hardened raw concrete block (10), a plurality of separated concrete paving stones (1, 1') are cut out by mechanical separation using a provided separation device (24), and for this purpose the hardened raw concrete block (10) is cut at least along longitudinal and transverse separation lines (11, 12), wherein, for the purpose of cutting the raw concrete block (10) using the separation device (24), a number and / or a course of the respective longitudinal and transverse separation lines (11, 12) is set as required in order to produce the plurality of concrete paving stones (1, 1') in the desired format,wherein, in the mechanical cutting of the hardened concrete raw block (10) to adjust the number and / or the course of the respective longitudinal and transverse cutting lines (11, 12), the cutting device (24) is set program-controlled via at least one control routine executed in a control and regulation unit.

Description

Technical FieldThe invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing concrete paving stones, in particular concrete stones and / or concrete slabs, which are suitable for the production of a surface covering, and also to a concrete paving stone.Prior ArtFloor covering elements made of concrete, namely concrete blocks for producing surface coverings, are sufficiently known from the prior art. Floor covering elements or concrete blocks of this type, which are generally shaped blocks made of concrete, are to be understood as surface covering elements made of concrete, which can be shaped in the manner of plates or blocks depending on the type of application and are usually also referred to as concrete paving blocks. Usually, these concrete blocks are laid in a composite structure for creating a surface covering, for which reason concrete blocks of the type mentioned are frequently also referred to as composite concrete blocks or composite paving blocks.In this case, multilayer concrete bricks are also known which have at least one core layer and one facing layer, wherein the core layer is generally made of a core concrete and forms a core of the concrete brick, and wherein the facing layer is generally made of a facing concrete and forms the upper side of the concrete brick which can be walked on or traveled on, namely its visible surface.The concrete blocks are usually produced with the aid of formwork molds and are carried out, for example, mechanically, it being known for this purpose to carry out the methods for producing the concrete blocks in so-called paving block machines or installations provided specifically for this purpose. As a rule, the concrete blocks are manufactured as individual blocks in respective desired block formats with the aid of respective corresponding form forms of formwork. In this case, the production is usually carried out directly in the desired stone format, which at the same time represents the final format required in each case for the use of the concrete stones.Document EP 0 684 340 A1 discloses, for example, a method for producing composite bricks which are separated from a composite ingot by a plurality of successive cutting processes, wherein the composite ingot is produced from a brick plate and a concrete layer connected thereto by means of an adhesive.For example, DE 10 2011 100 213 A1 discloses such a method in which the concrete blocks are produced using a mold having a plurality of mold spaces for respectively forming a concrete block by firstly introducing a core concrete forming the core of the concrete block into each mold space and subsequently introducing a pre-concrete forming the pre-layer. By vibrating and pressing, the core concrete and the add-on concrete are compacted.However, a particular shape of its own is disadvantageous in the production methods of the type mentioned for each desired format of concrete blocks, so that numerous different shapes must be kept available and used for producing concrete blocks of different formats.Furthermore, DE 10 2008 033 728 A1 also discloses a production method for producing concrete blocks, in which firstly a concrete part, referred to as a floor covering element blank, having a relatively long length is produced mechanically in a corresponding shape. After curing, the long concrete part is removed from the mold and cut to length manually by separating separate individual concrete bricks from the long concrete part by manual parts.The disadvantage of this method is that manual method steps are required for producing the individual concrete bricks, so that the production cannot be carried out completely mechanically or non-automatically. Furthermore, likewise disadvantageously, only concrete blocks with different lengths can be produced in this method as well. Here too, it is indeed not possible to produce concrete blocks with different formats, in particular with respect to length and width. Therefore, there remains a need for improved methods for producing concrete blocks.Furthermore, for example, a method for producing stones or slabs from concrete is also known from the publication DE 10 2007 024 704 A1, in which a blank is produced from concrete in a hermetic press, which blank is cut into individual stones by splitting by means of a splitting tool after the concrete has set.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing concrete paving stones which permits a mechanical and at the same time flexible and rapid production of concrete paving stones of different formats and which is also suitable in particular for the production of concrete paving stones in the form of natural stones. This object is achieved by the method for producing concrete paving stones according to claim 1. Furthermore, to achieve the object, an apparatus for producing concrete paving stones according to claim 12 and a concrete paving stone according to claim 14 are provided. Further advantageous aspects, details and embodiments of the invention are evident from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.The present invention provides a method for producing concrete paving stones, wherein the concrete paving stones can also be referred to herein as floor covering elements made of concrete or concrete slabs. In the method, a concrete ingot is first produced mechanically by means of a paving stone machine, wherein the concrete ingot is produced as a layered concrete block which has at least one core concrete layer and at least one additional concrete layer. For this purpose, a core concrete is first introduced into a basic formwork mould provided in the paving stone machine and compacted. Subsequently, a pre-concrete is added to the compacted core concrete and likewise compacted, and the core concrete and pre-concrete are finally cured. The concrete ingot is manufactured in an ingot format that is larger than a format of the concrete paving stones to be manufactured, wherein the concrete ingot has a block width and a block length that corresponds to a multiple of a width and length of the concrete paving stones to be manufactured, respectively. The concrete ingot is further manufactured in a block thickness which substantially corresponds to a thickness of the concrete paving stones to be manufactured. In the method, in order to obtain the concrete paving stones from the fully cured concrete ingot, a plurality of separated concrete paving stones are separated out by machine separation by means of a provided separating device. For this purpose, the cured concrete ingot is separated at least along longitudinal and transverse separating lines, wherein, for separating the concrete ingot by means of the separating device, a number and / or a course of the respective longitudinal and transverse separating lines is adjusted as required in order to produce the plurality of concrete paving stones in the desired format. According to the invention, furthermore, during the machine separation of the cured concrete ingot for adjusting the number and / or the course of the respective longitudinal and transverse separating lines, the separating device is adjusted under program control via at least one control routine executed in a control and regulating unit.In the present method according to the invention, the concrete ingot is very particularly advantageously manufactured as a layered concrete ingot in raw format, in particular shaped in the basic formwork form. In the present case, the molding of the concrete ingot as a layered concrete ingot in raw format is also to be understood as meaning that the concrete ingot, which is constructed from at least two layers, is cast, compacted and cured in the basic formwork mold. The production is advantageously effected mechanically in a paving stone machine. Such a paving stone machine can also be understood in the present case as a device or installation for manufacturing concrete paving stones or concrete slabs.The basic form of formwork provided in the paving stone machine is to be understood as a large form of formwork or a form which is in particular "oversized" in comparison with the desired format of the concrete paving stones to be produced and can also be referred to in the present case as a rough form or basic form or universal form or as a universal rough form. The concrete ingot is thus shaped according to the invention in raw format, namely also in an "oversize" or an "oversize" compared to the size or the format of the concrete paving stones to be produced. The desired format or final format of the concrete paving stones to be produced is also referred to herein as nominal format or nominal size or nominal dimension.Although the "format of the concrete paving stones" is understood in the present case primarily as the dimensioning of the concrete paving stones with respect to their length and width and in particular also the relation of length to width. However, the term "format" can also include the basic geometric shape in the present case, namely, for example, whether the concrete paving stone is approximately substantially cuboidal or, for example, substantially has the shape of a triangular prism or of a different type of polygonal prism. The "raw format of the concrete ingot" is always larger than the "format of the concrete paving stones" in the present sense and can be a multiple of the format of the concrete paving stones. According to the present understanding, this also includes a concrete ingot which, although optionally having a different geometric shape and / or a different length-to-width ratio than the concrete paving stones to be produced, has a dimension which is, however, larger than the concrete paving stones to be produced.Due to the machine production of the concrete ingot in the rough format and the subsequent separation of the concrete ingot along variably adjustable longitudinal and transverse separating lines, in the present method it is very particularly advantageous to dispense with the provision and use of different different concrete forms or formwork forms. The present method thus advantageously enables concrete paving stones of different formats, in particular of different nominal dimensions, to be produced by using only a single mold, namely the basic formwork mold.The method according to the invention therefore allows the production of the concrete paving stones or concrete slabs in a simplified and in particular more cost- and time-efficient manner. Finally, the method according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with the holding and provision of a multiplicity of concrete shapes of the most varied sizes and geometries. Moreover, even in the case of a so-called format change, namely in the case of a planned production change, a respective, usually complex change of the paving stone machine to different concrete forms can be avoided, that is to say no concrete forms have to be exchanged in the paving stone machine for producing concrete paving stones of a different nominal format. It is understood that, overall, the production costs can be minimized and the process times can also be reduced.The separation of the concrete ingot, namely the separation of the individual separated concrete paving stones, is advantageously carried out at a processing station upstream or downstream of the paving stone machine, namely using the separating device provided there. Depending on the application, for example also depending on which separating tools are provided in the provided separating device and are used, but in particular also depending on the type of separation carried out, the concrete ingot can be removed from the basic formwork mould, for example after it has fully cured, for the separating process or for separating or during the separating. For the separating process, the concrete ingot is preferably positioned exactly in a separating position and also secured in this positioning, for example. For this purpose, for example, corresponding positioning aids and / or holding or securing elements can be provided.Due to the production of the concrete paving stones by separation, namely by separation from the large concrete ingot, it is also advantageously ensured that the concrete paving stones can be produced with a uniform thickness, since preferably a plurality of concrete paving stones are separated from one and the same concrete ingot which is produced with a predetermined thickness. Particular advantages are furthermore obtained in that the concrete paving stones can be designed in a simple and cost-effective manner by the production method by means of separation in such a way that they optically resemble a natural stone material of broken or beaten stones. The present method can therefore also be understood in particular as a method for producing concrete paving stones or concrete slabs in the form of a natural stone.Very particularly preferably, for separating the concrete ingot by means of the separating device, the number and / or the course of the respective longitudinal and transverse separating lines is set in such a way that a plurality of concrete paving stones each having the same format is produced from a respective concrete ingot or that a plurality of concrete paving stones each having different formats is produced. It goes without saying that "longitudinal and transverse parting lines" are not restricted here to parting lines which run at right angles or substantially at right angles to one another. Of course, "longitudinal and transverse separating lines" in the present understanding can also run obliquely to one another, so that the longitudinal and transverse separating lines enclose different angles that deviate from the right angle. The statement "extending longitudinally" or "extending transversely" relates in particular to an extension direction approximately in the longitudinal or transverse direction or in each case obliquely thereto. As a result, the production process can be made even more efficient, since it is possible to dispense with longer process interruptions, as are required for format changes or for a production change.According to a preferred embodiment variant of the method, a separation distance is predefined by adjusting the number and / or the course of the respective longitudinal and transverse separating lines, wherein the separation distance can be adjusted variably and / or smoothly. The separation distance substantially determines the length or width of the concrete paving stones to be produced and can also be referred to as the distance between the respective separation lines, in particular as the separation line distance. By means of the variable and / or smooth setting of this distance between the separating lines, it can advantageously be ensured that concrete paving stones with a wide variety of different formats, in particular also any formats which may be application- or customer-specific, can be separated out of the concrete ingot.According to a preferred embodiment variant of the method, a machining post-processing of the cured concrete ingot is carried out before the machine separation of the concrete ingot. In this case, a planar and planar concrete ingot plate is produced by means of material removal on a lower and / or upper side of the concrete ingot. The plurality of separated concrete paving stones is finally separated out of the finished, planar and planar concrete ingot plate by means of the machine separation.The preferred machining by corresponding material removal has the effect, for example, that so-called key structures can be effectively removed. Such key arrangements can be caused in particular during the curing or setting of the concrete, in particular when edge deformations occur which lead to edge regions of the concrete ingot, for example, lifting during the curing and a concave curvature of the surface thereby arising. Even if such bulges, in particular key indentations, are only so small that they are hardly visible or not visible at all with the naked eye, the concrete ingot can, however, be treated particularly advantageously by the machining in such a way that the concrete ingot plate has an exactly predefined material thickness, namely plate thickness or block thickness over its entire longitudinal and transverse extension, namely over its entire surface, wherein the plate thickness or block thickness is strictly precisely observed over the entire surface and is subject to only the smallest possible tolerances. Since the plate thickness at the same time corresponds to the thickness of the concrete paving stones, the concrete paving stones consequently also have the exact, precise thickness.The post-processing of the concrete ingot for leveling or leveling the same, in particular for removing bowls, can also be referred to as machine calibration of the concrete ingot in the present case. Such a calibration is also understood in specialist circles as an "alignment to an exact thickness". In the present case, for example, the lower and / or upper side of the concrete ingot can be milled to a precise dimension in order to finally achieve perfect flatness over the surface of the concrete ingot plate and in particular to ensure a uniform, exact plate thickness in such a way that the plate thickness deviates from one another as little as possible in central regions and in edge regions. Preferably, the machine post-processing, in particular calibration, can achieve the result that the concrete ingot plate has an exact flatness over its entire surface and the plate thickness is identical over the entire extent of the concrete ingot plate to millimeter accuracy or to millimeter fractions, in particular to one tenth of a millimeter.In a similar manner, the preferred machine finishing process can alternatively or additively also cause, for example, the surface, in particular the surface visible in a laid state of the concrete paving stones, that is to say preferably the upper side, to be treated, for example ground. The surface treatment can be carried out in particular as grinding, in order to give the pre-concrete layer, for example, a ground or cut optical appearance. In particular, the mechanical post-processing, for example grinding, can expose and / or cut a grain of the pre-concrete of the pre-concrete layer.Particularly preferably, the separating device is provided in the form of a splitting device, such that the machine separation takes place by splitting. The longitudinal and transverse separating lines can also be referred to as split lines in this case. The provided, used splitting device comprises at least one splitting tool or splitting tool. For this purpose, the at least one splitting tool can be formed, for example, by a chisel-like or wedge-like tool, and can be formed, for example, in the form of a chisel, iron plate or wedge.As a result of the splitting, so-called splitting edges are produced along the splitting lines, which ultimately define the side faces of the concrete paving stones and can also be referred to as their edges or side edges. The concrete paving stones separated from the concrete ingot or from the remachined concrete ingot plate by means of gaps are substantially irregularly shaped in the region of their side surfaces, since, due to the gap along the gap lines, at least in sections, substantially tearing or breaking off of the concrete material occurs. The edges produced by gaps are therefore also to be understood as gap-rough edges.Advantages also result here, for example, in that, when laying the concrete paving stones produced by splitting to form a surface covering, a more or less irregular joint course or an irregular joint width between the respective adjacent concrete paving stones of the surface covering results as a result of the irregularly shaped side surfaces. As a result, not only a natural stone optical system can be imparted to the surface covering, but also an aged or antic appearance, for example. Advantageously, it is also possible here to dispense with specially integrally formed lateral spacing lugs and / or with other spacing aids, for example also with spacing aids which are to be used when laying the concrete paving stones.According to a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the present method, a machine post-processing of the gap-rough edges of the concrete paving stones produced by the splitting is carried out after the splitting. Particularly preferably, the gap-rough edges of the concrete paving stones can be further broken or smoothed or ground by means of the machine finishing. This machining post-processing of the concrete paving stones already isolated by the splitting can also preferably be carried out in a suitable processing unit, for example integrated processing unit, which is connected upstream or downstream of the paving stone machine and is preferably connected to the paving stone machine.According to an alternative, likewise preferred embodiment variant, the separating device is provided in the form of a sawing device or in the form of a cutting device, such that the machine separation takes place by sawing or cutting. The longitudinal and transverse separating lines can also be referred to as saw or cutting lines in this case. The provided, used sawing or cutting device comprises at least one sawing or cutting tool, in particular a sawing tool or cutting tool. For this purpose, the at least one saw or cutting tool can be designed, for example, in the manner of a knife or blade and can be formed, for example, by a saw blade.Sawing or cutting produces saw or cutting edges along the saw or cutting lines, which ultimately, as already described above in connection with splitting, again define the side surfaces of the concrete paving stones and can also be referred to as their edges or side edges. The concrete paving stones separated from the concrete ingot or from the remachined concrete ingot plate by means of sawing or cutting are substantially regular and, for example, smooth and planar in the region of their side surfaces.Particularly preferably, a machining post-processing of the saw edges or cutting edges of the concrete paving stones produced by the sawing or cutting can be carried out, wherein the saw edges or cutting edges of the concrete paving stones are in this case broken in particular preferably by means of the machining post-processing. The subsequent breaking of the saw edges or cutting edges advantageously makes it possible to produce irregularly shaped side surfaces and as a result thereof to bring about a more or less irregular joint profile or an irregular joint width between the respective concrete paving stones of a laid surface covering. This advantageously allows the surface covering to be given natural stone optics or an aged or antic appearance. It is also possible here to dispense with special spacing lugs and / or other spacing aids.In this case, too, the machining can preferably be carried out in a suitable, for example integrated machining unit, which is connected upstream or downstream of the paving stone machine and is preferably connected to the paving stone machine.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, the pre-concrete layer of the concrete ingot is treated by means of at least one provided treatment device for at least section-wise production of at least one predefined surface structure in the pre-concrete layer before the complete curing. Alternatively or additionally, to configure the surface of the pre-concrete layer, an additional material can also be applied to the pre-concrete layer before the complete curing by means of at least one provided application device.For example, the treatment for producing a surface structure can be such that the concrete paving stone is thereby given a particularly naturally acting appearance and the concrete paving stone is formed in the form of a natural stone and is thus a natural stone imitate. By applying natural stone material to or into the concrete layer for attachment, natural stone optics can also be produced.The present invention also relates to an apparatus for producing concrete paving stones, which apparatus comprises at least one paving stone machine having a basic formwork mould for the production of a concrete ingot in an ingot format and at least one separating apparatus for mechanically separating the produced, cured concrete ingot. The basic formwork shape has a shape dimension with a shape width and a shape length, which are each a multiple of a width and length of the concrete paving stones to be produced. Furthermore, the separating device is configured to separate the concrete ingot at least along longitudinal and transverse separating lines, wherein the separating device is adjustable in order to adjust a number and / or a course of the respective longitudinal and transverse separating lines.Particularly preferably, a control and regulating unit communicating with the separating device is also provided, wherein the separating device can be adjusted in a controlled manner, in particular under program control via at least one control routine executed in the control and regulating unit.Likewise preferably, at least one separating tool provided in the separating device is mounted movably, wherein for variable and / or flowing adjustment of a separating distance between respective longitudinally and transversely running separating lines, the separating tool is continuously movable along a respective predefined travel path in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction. For the continuously variable, smooth movement or setting of the at least one separating tool, the separating tool is also supported, for example, by an articulated arm, in particular a robot arm, and is thereby movable in space by means of appropriate kinematics, in particular robot kinematics, in such a way that preferably every possible point on the concrete ingot to be separated can be approached.The invention also relates to a concrete paving stone. The concrete paving stone has at least one multi-layered concrete stone body with at least one concrete stone underside suitable for laying on a bedding layer of a subgrade and a concrete stone upper side opposite the latter and with at least three side faces. The multi-layer concrete block body comprises at least one first concrete block layer designed as a core concrete layer and at least one second concrete block layer designed as an add-on concrete layer. The concrete paving stone is distinguished in particular in that the side surfaces are edges which are rough to the gap and are produced by machine splitting or in that the side surfaces are saw edges or cutting edges which are produced by machine sawing or cutting.Developments, advantages and possible applications of the invention also result from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the figures. All features described and / or graphically depicted are fundamentally the subject matter of the invention, either alone or in any combination, independently of their summary in the claims or their reference back. The contents of the claims are also made part of the description.Brief Description of the DrawingsThe invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. They show FIG. 1a is a very simplified and roughly schematic perspective view of a concrete ingot in rough format; FIG. 1 b very simplified and roughly schematically illustrated a perspective view of two concrete paving stones of different format separated out of the concrete ingot; FIG. 2a shows a schematic longitudinal section through the concrete ingot of FIG. 1a, FIG. 2 bshows a schematic longitudinal section through one of the concrete paving stones of FIG. 1 b, FIG. 3 a shows a roughly schematic and greatly simplified partial sectional view of a detail of a paving stone machine, in a state during the filling of add-on concrete into a basic formwork mould during the production of the concrete ingot; FIG. 3 bshows a roughly schematic and greatly simplified partial sectional view of a section of a paving stone machine, in a state during the compacting of the concrete during the production of the concrete ingot, and FIG. 3 cshows a roughly schematic and greatly simplified representation of a view of the concrete ingot and of a separating device for separating the concrete ingot:WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTIONIdentical reference numerals are used in the figures for elements of the invention that act the same or the same way. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference numerals are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure.FIG. 1 ashows, on the basis of a very simplified and roughly schematic illustration, a perspective view of a concrete ingot 10 which is produced in a basic formwork mould 21 of a paving stone machine 20 (see FIGS. 3 a, 3 b ) according to the present method and is removed from the basic formwork mould 21 in the illustration of FIG. 1 a. FIG. 1 bshows, in an analogous manner of illustration, very simplified and roughly schematically a perspective view of two concrete paving stones 1, 1' which were obtained according to the present method by separating the concrete ingot 10 therefrom. In the example shown in FIG. 1b, the concrete paving stones 1, 1' have different formats. FIGS. 2 aand 2 b show in each case very simplified and roughly schematically the concrete ingot 10 or the concrete paving stone 1 from FIGS. 1 aand 1 bin a section along the longitudinal direction.The concrete ingot 10 is designed as a layered concrete block and, in the example of the figures shown, has a core concrete layer 2 and an add-on concrete layer 3. The production of the concrete ingot 10 designed as a layered concrete block is described in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 3 ato 3 c.During its production, the concrete ingot 10 is produced in an ingot format which is larger than a format of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' to be produced, so that a plurality of concrete paving stones 1, 1' can be separated from the concrete ingot 10 by means of separation. The concrete ingot 10 manufactured in raw format has a block width BB and a block length BL, wherein the block width BB corresponds to a multiple of a width B of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' and wherein the block length BL corresponds to a multiple of a length L of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' to be produced. The concrete ingot 10 is manufactured such that a block thickness BS substantially corresponds to a thickness d of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' to be manufactured, i.e. the thickness d of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' and the block thickness BS of the concrete ingot are substantially the same.After the concrete ingot 10 formed in the basic formwork mold 21 of the paving stone machine 20 (see FIGS. 3 a, 3 b ) has fully cured, it is subjected to a separating process or separating process in order to obtain the concrete paving stones 1, 1', wherein the plurality of concrete paving stones 1, 1' or the plurality of separated concrete paving stones 1, 1' are separated out by machine separating by means of a provided separating device 24 (see FIG. 3 c ). For this purpose, the shaped and cured concrete ingot 10 is separated at least along longitudinally running separating lines 11 and also along transversely running separating lines 12, so that after the separation the concrete paving stones 1, 1' are present as separated individual concrete stones or as individual stones, in the desired format or in desired formats.The concrete paving stones 1, 1', namely the separated individual concrete stones or individual stones, are correspondingly likewise designed as multi-layered concrete stones and each have a multi-layered concrete stone body 4, which is substantially cuboidal in the example of FIGS. 1 band 2 band comprises a first concrete stone layer 7 designed as a core concrete layer and at least one second concrete stone layer 8 designed as an add-on concrete layer. The first concrete slab layer 7 emerges from the core concrete layer 2 of the concrete ingot 10 or is part of the same. Analogously, the second concrete slab layer 8 emerges from the additional concrete layer 3 of the concrete ingot 10 or is part of the same. The concrete block body 4 of the concrete paving blocks 1, 1' has at least one concrete block lower side 4.1 suitable for laying on a bed layer of a subgrade and a concrete block upper side 4.2 opposite the latter. The multi-layer concrete block body 4 of the example shown comprises four side surfaces 5, 5', 6, 6', of which two side surfaces 5, 5' and 6, 6' are respectively opposite one another.It can be seen from FIG. 1a that in the case of the concrete ingot 10, a plurality of sections 9a, 9b are defined by the separating lines 11, 12 running longitudinally and transversely, which sections finally specify or determine the respective format of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' produced by separating along the separating lines 11, 12. In particular, the format of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' to be separated out can therefore be determined and predefined by appropriate selection and setting of the number and / or the course of the longitudinally and transversely running separating lines 11, 12.In FIG. 1 a, shown merely by way of example, the concrete ingot 10 is cut through twice centrally along the two provided separating lines 12 with respect to the direction of its block length BL. Also with respect to the direction of its block width BB, the concrete ingot 10 is cut twice centrally along the two provided parting lines 11. In addition to this, in the example of FIG. 1a, a block edge is finally removed, namely by separating along edge-side separating lines 11', 12', in each case entirely on the edge of the concrete ingot 10.The predetermined number and / or the course of the separating lines 11, 12 can determine the format of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' obtained from the concrete ingot 10 by separating, wherein in the example of FIGS. 1a, 1b different concrete paving stones 1, 1' with different formats are produced from one and the same concrete ingot 10. The concrete paving stone 1 has a format corresponding to the section 9a with a greater width, whereas the concrete paving stone 1' has a format corresponding to the section 9b with a smaller width.It is understood that the number and / or course of the separating lines 11, 12 specified in FIG. 1 a, in particular the specified separating pattern, is illustrated only by way of example and other separating patterns are also possible. Thus, for the production of particularly large-format concrete paving stones 1, 1', the concrete ingot 10 can be severed only once in each case along a respective longitudinal and a transverse separating line 11, 12, for example also in the respective direction of its block length BL and its block width BB. Alternatively, depending on the desired format of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' to be produced, two, three, four, five or even more separating lines 11, 12 can of course also be provided. Of course, the number of the longitudinal dividing lines 11 may also differ from that of the transverse dividing lines 12.The separation as such takes place during the production of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' in the form of splitting or in the form of sawing or cutting. The side surfaces 5, 5', 6, 6' produced by the separation are therefore designed as gap surfaces or gap edges or as gap-rough edges in the case of a splitting. In the case of sawing or cutting, the side surfaces 5, 5', 6, 6' produced thereby are designed as saw edges or cutting edges or as sawn or cut edges.In the example shown in FIGS. 1a, 1b and 2a, 2b, the concrete ingot 10 and the concrete paving stones 1, 1' are rather flat and substantially plate-shaped. However, it is understood that this illustration is merely exemplary and, of course, also includes stone-like, in particular paving stone-like, configurations with a greater block thickness BS or thickness d.With reference to FIGS. 3a-3c, the method for producing the concrete paving stones 1, 1' will now be described in more detail, wherein the figures outline individual, selected method steps only by way of example. For this purpose, the figures each show greatly simplified and only roughly schematically represented partial sectional views of respective sections of the paving stone machine 20 and associated units or devices.As already explained above, the concrete rough block 10 is shaped in the paving stone machine 20 as a layered concrete block in a rough format, wherein the paving stone machine 20 is equipped with a basic formwork mould 21. The basic formwork mold 21 provided in the paving stone machine 20 has a shape dimension with a shape width and a shape length which are each a multiple of the width B and length L of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' to be produced. To produce the concrete ingot 10, a core concrete is first filled into the basic formwork mould 21 and compacted, forming the core concrete layer 2.Although the filling of the core concrete, which can also be understood as pouring or casting of the core concrete, is not shown in more detail in the figures, it takes place in a manner analogous to the filling of the front concrete shown in FIG. 3 aand described further below in connection with the formation of the front concrete layer 3. The filling of the core concrete into the basic formwork mould 21 is effected, for example, by means of a filling device 22 provided in the paving stone machine 20, by means of which the core concrete is removed from a corresponding storage container and fed to the basic formwork mould 21, for example with the aid of suitable pumps.The filling device 22 preferably comprises a filler neck which extends into the basic formwork mould 21 so that the core concrete can be filled as free of splashing and cleanly as possible. The filling device 22 can comprise, for example, a funnel-like filling vessel which carries the filler neck. The filling vessel and or the filler neck can be connected, for example, via a flexible connecting piece, for example, via a hose, to further units of the filling device 22 and / or, in particular, to a concrete supply. In particular, the filler neck or the entire filling device 22 is movable with respect to the basic formwork mould 21, and is preferably height-adjustable and further movable, and is in particular movable both in the longitudinal direction, namely in the direction of the mould length and in the transverse direction, namely in the direction of the mould width, so that uniform filling of the basic formwork mould 21 can be facilitated or ensured.In a next substep of the production method, the core concrete filled into the basic formwork mould 21 is compacted, wherein the paving stone machine 20 has a compacting device, for example a press or a ram 23, for this purpose. The compacting of the core concrete is not explicitly evident from the figures, but it takes place in a similar manner to that shown in FIG. 3 b, but before the pouring of the add-on concrete into the basic formwork mould 21.In a next substep of the method, which is outlined in the greatly simplified sectional illustration of FIG. 3 a, an add-on concrete is replenished onto the compacted core concrete, namely onto the prepared core concrete layer 2, and an add-on concrete layer 3 is thereby formed. This filling or refilling of the pre-concrete also takes place by means of the movable filling device 22 already described above. However, a second filling device 22 can also be provided here in order to avoid possible mixing of core concrete and pre-concrete.As is outlined in FIG. 3 b, the pre-concrete is also compacted in the pre-concrete layer 3, namely again with the aid of the press or the punch 23, and finally core and pre-concrete are cured in the basic formwork mold 21, wherein this curing essentially represents a final substep of the molding of the concrete ingot 10.After complete curing, the shaped and cured concrete ingot 10 is finally machine-separated by means of a provided separating device 24 in order to produce the concrete paving stones 1, 1' to be produced. This step of the method is roughly outlined in FIG. 3 c, the concrete ingot 10 in the example of FIG. 3 cbeing removed from the basic formwork mold 21. The concrete ingot 10 is positioned exactly in a predetermined separating position, in particular positioned in a positionally secured manner, for the separating operation.For separating the concrete ingot 10 by means of the separating device 24, the number and / or course of the respective longitudinally and transversely running separating lines 11, 12 (see FIG. 1a) are adjusted as required in order to produce the plurality of concrete paving stones 1, 1' in the desired format. For this purpose, the separating device 24 can be adjusted in such a way that by this adjustment or control of the separating device 24, the number and / or course of the separating lines 11, 12 can also be adjusted or predetermined or determined and the separating finally takes place along these predetermined separating lines 11, 12. For this purpose, the separating device 24 has one or more separating tools which are mounted movably and are movable relative to the concrete ingot 10 positioned in the separating position. For example, it can be provided for this purpose that the separating device 24 or the individual separating tools can / are movable along a rail system in the direction of the block length BL and in the direction of the block width BB. Furthermore, it can be provided that each separating tool is supported via an articulated arm 25, for example a robot arm, and is movable by means of appropriate kinematics, in particular robot kinematics, in the space above the concrete ingot 10 positioned in the separating position. The corresponding kinematics, in particular robot kinematics, is preferably such that the respective separating tool can reach any desired point on the surface of the concrete ingot 10.The setting, in particular control of the cutting device 24, in particular the control and control of the movement of the at least one articulated arm 25 for the spatial positioning of the cutting tool(s) is effected in a controlled, in particular program-controlled manner, wherein for this purpose a control and regulating unit not specified in more detail in the figures is provided, which is in communication with the cutting device 24 and / or the articulated arm 25 or robot arm. The control of the setting is preferably effected via at least one control routine executed in the open-loop and closed-loop control unit.By adjusting the number and / or the course of the respective longitudinally and transversely running parting lines 11, 12, namely by adjusting and controlling or controlling the parting device 24 or the parting tools, a parting distance is specified which can be understood as the distance between the parting lines 11, 12 and ultimately defines the format, namely the width B and length L of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' to be produced. The separation distance can be adjusted in particular variably and / or smoothly, so that, due to the controlled mechanical separation of the concrete ingot 10, concrete paving stones 1, 1' can be produced with a plurality of almost any formats. In particular, concrete paving stones 1, 1' of different formats can also be separated in a controlled and controlled manner from one and the same concrete ingot 10 in a simple, uncomplicated and rapid manner.For the variable, smooth setting of the separation distance, the separation device 24 or the separation tool can be positioned continuously, for example continuously along a respectively predetermined travel path, moved in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction and / or moved by means of the robot kinematics.In the above-described method, the separating can be effected by splitting, wherein a splitting device comprising at least one splitting tool is provided for this purpose as the separating device 24. In this case, the side surfaces 5, 5', 6, 6' of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' produced by the splitting are designed in the form of splitting edges, in particular in the form of splitting-rough edges, as a result of which the concrete paving stones 1, 1' very particularly give the visual impression of struck natural stones. Alternatively, the cutting can be carried out by sawing or cutting, wherein a sawing or cutting device comprising at least one saw or cutting tool is provided for this purpose as the cutting device 24. In this case, the side surfaces 5, 5', 6, 6' of the concrete paving stones 1, 1' produced by sawing or cutting are designed in the form of saw edges or cutting edges.Although not shown in the figures, in the method for producing the concrete paving stones 1, 1' an additional method step of a machine post-processing of the cured concrete ingot 10 can be carried out before the machine separation. For this purpose, for example, by means of material removal on a lower and / or upper side of the concrete ingot 10, a planar and planar concrete ingot plate is first produced from the concrete ingot 10 and the plurality of separated concrete paving stones 1, 1' is separated out of the planar and planar concrete ingot plate.Such a post-treatment can also be referred to as calibration, since a completely planar lower and / or upper side is thereby imparted to the concrete ingot 10 and the predefined block thickness BS of the concrete ingot 10 is thereby maintained precisely and very uniformly over the entire extent of the concrete ingot 10. Deviations and tolerances in the block thickness are thereby reduced to a possible minimum.List of reference characters1, 1' Concrete paving stone 2 core concrete layer 3 add-on concrete layer 4 concrete stone body 4.1 concrete stone underside 4.2 concrete stone top side 5, 5' side surface 6, 6' side surface 7 first concrete stone layer 8 second concrete stone layer 9 a, 9 bsegments of the concrete ingot 10 concrete ingot 11 longitudinally running parting lines 12 transversely running parting lines 20 paving stone machine 21 basic formwork form 22 filling device 23 press or ram 24 parting device 25 articulated arm or robot arm B width of the concrete paving stone BB block width BL block length BS block thickness d thickness of the concrete paving stone L length of the concrete paving stone

Claims

Method for producing concrete paving stones (1, 1') capable of laying, in which a concrete blank (10) is produced mechanically first by means of a paving stone machine (20), wherein the concrete blank (10) is produced as a layered concrete block having at least one core concrete layer (2) and at least one front concrete layer (3) and for this purpose a core concrete is initially introduced into a basic formwork mould (21) provided in the paving stone machine (20) and compacted, wherein subsequently a front concrete is added to the compacted core concrete and likewise compacted and finally the core and front concrete are cured, wherein the concrete blank (10) is produced in a rough format which is greater than a format of the concrete paving stones (1, 1') to be produced, wherein the concrete ingot (10) has a block width (BB) and a block length (BL), which respectively corresponds to a multiple of a width (B) and length (L) of the concrete paving stones (1, 1') to be produced, and wherein the concrete ingot (10) is produced in a block thickness (BS) which substantially corresponds to a thickness (d) of the concrete paving stones (1, 1') to be produced, in which, in order to obtain the concrete paving stones (1, 1') from the fully cured concrete ingot (10), a plurality of separated concrete paving stones (1, 1') is separated out by machine separation by means of a provided separating device (24), and for this purpose the cured concrete ingot (10) is separated at least along longitudinally and transversely running separating lines (11, 12), wherein, for separating the concrete ingot (10) by means of the separating device (24), a number and / or a course of the respective longitudinally and transversely running separating lines (11, 12) is adjusted as required in order to produce the plurality of concrete paving stones (1, 1') in the desired format, wherein, during the machine separation of the cured concrete ingot (10) for adjusting the number and / or the course of the respective longitudinally and transversely running separating lines (11, 12), the separating device (24) is adjusted under program control via at least one control routine executed in a control and regulating unit.Method according to claim 1, characterised in that for separating the concrete ingot (10) by means of the separating device (24), the number and / or the course of the respective longitudinal and transverse separating lines (11, 12) is adjusted in such a way that a plurality of concrete paving stones (1, 1') each having the same format is produced from a respective concrete ingot (10) or that a plurality of concrete paving stones (1, 1') each having different formats is produced.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a separation distance is predefined by adjusting the number and / or the course of the respective longitudinal and transverse separating lines (11, 12), wherein the separation distance can be set variably and / or smoothly.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that prior to the mechanical separation of the concrete ingot (10), a mechanical post-processing of the cured concrete ingot (10) is carried out, wherein a planar and planar concrete ingot plate is produced by means of material removal on a lower and / or upper side of the concrete ingot (10), and wherein the multiplicity of separated concrete paving stones (1, 1') are separated out of the post-processed, planar and planar concrete ingot plate by means of the mechanical separation.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating device (24) is provided in the form of a splitting device and the machine separation is effected by splitting.Method according to claim 5, characterised in that after the splitting a machining post-processing of split-rough edges of the concrete paving stones (1, 1') produced by the splitting is carried out.Method according to claim 6, characterised in that the edges of the concrete paving stones (1, 1') rough to the gap are further broken or smoothed or ground by means of the machining post-processing.Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the separating device (24) is provided in the form of a sawing device or in the form of a cutting device and in that the machine separation is effected by sawing or cutting.Method according to claim 8, characterised in that after the sawing or cutting a machining post-processing of saw edges or cutting edges of the concrete paving stones (1, 1') produced by the sawing or cutting is carried out.Method according to claim 9, characterised in that the saw edges or cutting edges of the concrete paving stones (1, 1') are broken by means of the machining post-processing.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pre-concrete layer (3) of the concrete ingot (10) is treated by means of at least one provided treatment device before the complete curing for the purpose of producing at least one predetermined surface structure at least in sections in the pre-concrete layer (3), and / or in that an additional material is applied to the pre-concrete layer (3) by means of at least one provided application device for the purpose of surface shaping the pre-concrete layer (3) before the complete curing.Device for producing concrete paving blocks (1, 1') according to the method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, comprising at least the paving block machine (20) having the basic formwork mould (21) for producing the concrete ingot (10) in the rough format, and at least the separating device (24) for mechanically separating the produced, cured concrete ingot (10), wherein the basic formwork mould (21) has a mould dimension having a mould width and a mould length which are each a multiple of the width (B) and length (L) of the concrete paving blocks (1, 1') to be produced, and wherein the separating device (24) is designed to separate the concrete ingot (10) at least along the longitudinal and transverse separating lines (11, 12), and wherein the separating device (24) is adjustable, in order to set the number and / or the course of the respective longitudinal and transverse separating lines (11, 12), wherein the open-loop and closed-loop control unit communicates with the separating device (24) and the separating device (24) is adjustable under program control via at least the control routine executed in the open-loop and closed-loop control unit.Device according to claim 12, characterised in that at least one separating tool provided in the separating device (24) is movably mounted, wherein for variable and / or flowing adjustment of a separating distance between the respective longitudinally and transversely running separating lines (11, 12) the separating tool is continuously movable along a respective predetermined path in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction.Concrete paving stone (1, 1') having at least one multi-layered concrete stone body (4) with at least one concrete stone underside (4.1) suitable for laying on a bedding layer of a subgrade and a concrete stone upper side (4.2) opposite the latter and with at least three side faces (5, 5', 6, 6'), wherein the multi-layered concrete stone body (4) comprises at least one first concrete stone layer (7) designed as a core concrete layer and at least one second concrete stone layer (8) designed as an add-on concrete layer, characterized in that the concrete paving stone (1, 1') is produced by means of the method according to one of Claims 1 to 11 and at least two adjoining side faces of the at least three side faces (5, 5', 6, 6') are gap-rough edges produced by machine splitting or in that at least two adjoining side faces of the at least three side faces (5, 5', 6, 6') are split-rough edges, 6') are saw or cutting edges produced by machine sawing or cutting.Concrete paving stone (1, 1') according to claim 14, characterised in that all side surfaces (5, 5', 6, 6') are rough-split edges produced by machine splitting or that all side surfaces (5, 5', 6, 6') are saw or cutting edges produced by machine sawing or cutting.

Images