DRYING UNIT FOR DRYING POWDERED FUELS BY CARBONATION IN AN OXYGEN-FREE ENVIRONMENT

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention is related to a drying unit that enables the drying of coal in powder form, ores and all kinds of organic materials containing moisture by carbonizing them in a flue gas environment with an oxygen content of 5%.

[0002] The said invention is related to a drying unit that carbonizes organic fuels in powder form with high heat transfer in a flue gas environment with an oxygen content of 5% and that has the feature of drying underground ores and different materials in the air up to dry base quickly, easily and at low cost in the desired short periods of time.Background of the Invention

[0003] The burning calorie of coal, all kinds of organic materials and similar combustible matters in powder form in their original wet states differs from their burning calories in dried form by carbonizing them in a flue gas environment with an oxygen content of 5%. It has been scientifically proven that in each 1% moisture drying process by carbonization, an increase of between 50 kcal and 70 kcal is achieved compared to the percentage of carbon in the original materials. Burning calorie of coal, all kinds of organic and similar fuels in dry state are higher; this will increase the combustion efficiency in fuel and reactors, and cause maximum decrease in emission values. Therefore, it is necessary to dry these combustible materials by carbonization in a flue gas environment with an oxygen content of 5%. and burn them in this manner.

[0004] Calorie of coal and all kinds of organic fuels - Upper calorific value: It is the expression of the heat that is released as a result of the complete combustion of a unit quantity of sample coal in Kcal / Kg. Lower calorific value: It is the expression of the heat calculated by subtracting the sum of the condensation heats of the water in the coal and the water formed as a result of the combustion of the hydrogen in the coal from the upper calorific value that is released as a result of the complete combustion of a unit quantity of sample coal in Kcal / Kg.

[0005] Even though original coal and organic fuels appear dry and oily, they are saturated with water. This presence of moisture is called the original bed moisture, the constitutive moisture. Moisture can be found on the surface of the coal as well as in the cracks and pores in the coal. While hard coals usually contain less than 10% moisture on original basis, lignites can contain up to 55% moisture, depending on the quality.

[0006] As the carbon content of hard coals is very high, it does not absorb moisture from environment and due to the wetting, but its outer surface gets wet. However, because lignite coals contain high moisture and lignites are young coals, the carbon content inside them is at a minimum level. Its lower thermal energy is between 900 and 3,000 kcal, depending on humidity and age (year).

[0007] The moisture content that the current drying technologies remove from coal and all kinds of organic materials is 18%. Since old technologies cannot absorb the moisture from organic fuels dried in the air below dry base, when they come into contact with the air, they get moisture again from the moisture in the air and reach the moisture level in the original base. For this reason, drying with old technologies does not make any sense, because old technologies have high cost and remove a small amount of the moisture, and organic matter regains its original moisture.

[0008] Of the materials in powder form, if we consider the high humidity lignite coal, the said lignite coal has generally original lower thermal calorie between 900 and 2500. The amount of reserves in the world and in Turkey is known to be 70% on average and energy is obtained only by burning in thermal power plants. The combustion efficiency of combustion cells is around 70% due to its moisture. The reason is high moisture content. In addition, since the combustion efficiency is low due to moisture, it produces high emissions and environmental organizations display reaction against the establishment of new thermal power plants.

[0009] In the patent research conducted on the drying of coal-type solid fuels, a patent application was found, which was numbered WO 1997 / 035944 and filed on 1997 / 03 / 26. The following information is given on the abstract page of this application: It is a method for crumbling and drying of lignite coal (RK), in which the lignite coal is passed through at least two crumbling stages and dried in an indirectly heated swirl layer dryer, meanwhile at least one crumbling stage is done before the swirl layer drying and the vapor clouds are removed by a powder separator, in order to minimize the crumbling cost, the vapor clouds of the swirl layer drying are used as the sieve steam of the sifted crumbled lignite coal, and the remainder of this sieving is not subjected to further crumbling.

[0010] Another application is the patent application of ALSTOM POWER Company numbered TR2001 / 03515, which was filed on 2001 / 12 / 06. The following information is given on the abstract page of this application: It is a method for operating a steam generator having a coal furnace with a grinding drying facility placed in front of it on the fuel side, and in this method, the smoke gas drawn from the combustion chamber of the steam generator is supplied as drying gas by passing it through a smoke gas re-absorption flue, and furnace primary air, and depending on the circumstances, cold smoke gas coming from the furnace side outlet of the steam generator drying gas to the, is mixed to cool the drying gas as the treatment medium, and the amount of treatment medium is adjusted according to the predetermined drying gas temperature and / or temperature determined after the grinding drying plant, in the meantime, a partial amount of the treatment medium is replaced by the cooling water supplied into the smoke gas re-suction flue, and the drying gas is cooled as much as the evaporation heat required for the evaporation of the supplied cooling water; it is also a device for the implementation of the

[0011] Furthermore, KR20150112428 A, JP2019157114 A, JP2004196898 A and US5716205 A disclose drying units according to the prior art.

[0012] Fuels are burned in thermal power plants and other fluidized bed boilers that burn highhumidity, low-calorie fuels, by grinding and micronizing them from the mill. However, it is called the drying process when high humidity fuels are delivered to the crusher mills together with the 800 0< C flue gas coming from the boiler. There is actually no drying process here. The work done here is nothing but preventing the fuel supplied to the grinding mill with 800 0< C flue gas from sticking to the mill. The reason for it is that the moist coal, which is taken in partial amount of moist fuel with 800 0< C flue gas, is given back to the boiler combustion chamber, and the boiler spends high calories to evaporate this moisture.Description of the Invention

[0013] The invention is a drying unit according to claim 1.

[0014] The main technical effect of the invention is that it carbonizes the organic fuels in powder form with high heat transfer in a flue gas environment with an oxygen content of 5%, and also has the technical effect of drying underground ores and different materials up to dry base in the air quickly, easily and at low cost in the desired short periods of time.

[0015] It is possible to have the feature of being integrated into coal processing plants, to have minimum operating cost and high efficiency operating capacity.

[0016] It is possible to automatically receive, transport the powdered ores and materials in the bunker and transfer them to the drying oven by PLC control system software as a result of positioning organic fuels, ores and other substances in powder form in a feeding bunker.

[0017] It is possible to provide the automatic sacking of dried powdered organic fuel, mines and materials as a result of pulling from the furnace and stacking with the advancement band after sewing.

[0018] It is possible to place the dried powdered organic fuel, ores and materials in sacks automatically after pulling them from the furnace, sewing the sacks and stacking them with the advancement band.

[0019] It is possible that the drying unit is modular and can be adapted to a truck tractor and delivered to the desired area. As a result of being able to be carried in mobile configuration by connecting with the king pin on the unit, it minimizes the assembly time, can be put into operation in a short time and is easy to relocate.

[0020] It is possible that moisture content in the coal in powder form can be lowered from 55% to 1% to dry base in 6 minutes in the air at one time in the system by means of our invention, this will enable the transport of 50% more calories as the coal will be transported on dry base, this in turn will lower the transport cost by 50% on calorie basis and will increase the load carrying capacity of our country.

[0021] It is possible that, since the operating cost of the drying facilities before our invention was very high, the drying of coals has not been feasible until today and very few drying processes are being made. While with the old technology, 20% of the coal is burned to obtain dry air and perform drying to remove maximum 12% moisture of 1 ton of coal, we can remove 50% moisture from 1 ton of coal with our invention. We obtain the necessary dry air by burning 1% of the dried carbonized coal to remove 50% moisture from 1 ton of coal. While the old technology consumes 500 kW of electrical energy to remove 12% moisture, 55 kW of electrical energy is consumed to remove 50% moisture by means of the technology of our invention.

[0022] It is possible that, while the cost is reduced to a minimum thanks to our invention, while the average moisture content that can be removed with the current technology available to date is 12%, our coals, 50% moisture can be removed with our invention; this makes inactive coals lying under the ground usable and makes a great contribution to the economy. In this way, the import of high-calorie coals that we import will be stopped.

[0023] It is possible that; since we remove 50% moisture from coals having 55% moisture with lower calorific value of 1800, thus lowering the moisture content to 5%; as each percent of moisture provides 50 calories the total is 2500 calories, the grand total becomes 4300 calories, which results in obtaining high quality coal. The objective of the invention is to ensure that, as our drying unit performs drying by carbonizing in a flue gas environment with an oxygen content of 5% by carbonization in a completely independent environment, the removed moisture is converted into water in the external environment and used in agriculture. The exit temperature of the carbonized coal from the drying unit is 135 0< C. When the coal is fed to the boilers, since it is sent as dried in the grinding mill, it does not stick to the mill and is likely to become micronized, thus saving 19% of energy by means of the carbonized coal at 135 0< C in the boiler combustion chamber. Also, by means of the carbonized micronized coal, the combustion efficiency increases from 70-80% to 95-97%. A total of 27% energy saving is achieved.

[0024] It is possible to obtain the required steam by burning the mentioned coals in fluidized bed boilers in the industry. The combustion efficiency will increase by reducing the coal to a dry base in the air by means of our invention and using it in industry and thermal power plants for heating purposes. This type of highhumidity coals with high moisture content extracted in coal mines, are transported 600 km on average.

[0025] In order to fulfill the objectives described above, a drying unit is provided, wherein it comprises; a dryer outer body having an inner volume of the furnace, into which the flue gas with an oxygen content 5% and a temperature of 900 DEG C generated by the said reactor is transferred, a drive group that provides rotational movement to the said dryer outer body, a crusher rotor, structured inside the said moving dryer outer body, having cutters and angled pallets inside, that prevents the adhesion substances in powder form and ensures their advancement by its rotating motion, at least one suction fan that absorbs the flue gas in the said furnace interior volume, and a horizontal cyclone that transfers the moist flue gas to outside by means of the said suction fans while retaining with the horizontal cyclone the micronized solids absorbed by the suction fan , having a double spiral transition chamber that provides for passage of the fuel into the dryer outer body through the feeding bunker, a flue gas inlet configured between the said reactor and the drying outer body wherein said flue gas inlet comprises at least one powder particle outlet , a movable flap that closes a dust powder particle outlet , which has the feature of opening and closing every 7 seconds in order to keep inside of the furnace of the dryer outer body constantly hot and to prevent leaks, the drive group includes gears and transmission elements surrounding the outer body all around, a flue gas distributor which contains a conical structure in a form of a bullet tip, positioned throughout the dryer outer body and - advancement support members and fuel advancements pallets placed inside the drying unit. Drawings to Help Understand the Invention

[0026] Figure 1 is the complete general perspective view of the drying oven, which is the subject of the invention, together with the fuel-burning reactor. Figure 2 is the general perspective view of the outer body of the drying oven in closed state, which is the subject of the invention. Figure 3 is the close-up view of the bunker and the spiral group, where the fuel to be dried is directed in the first stage. Figure 4 is the close-up perspective view of the motor with the gear group that provides rotational movement to the outer body. Figure 5 is the close-up perspective view of the fuel feed bunker with the vapor suction fan. Figure 6 is a close-up perspective view of the movable feet of the drying oven, which is the subject of the invention, that make contact with the ground, together with the manual adjustment lever. Figure 7 is a stand-alone close-up perspective view of the hot air inlet. Figure 8 is a stand-alone close-up perspective view of the horizontal cyclone. Figure 9 is a close-up perspective view of the crusher rotor. Figure 10 is a close-up perspective view with the insulation rings formed on the outer body. Figure 11 is a close-up perspective view of the inner wall region of the drying oven, which is the subject of the invention, where the drying process is carried out, together with the mixers and pallets. Figure 12; is a close-up perspective view of the one-piece sealing member adapted to the hot air inlet part. Figure 12. 1 is the close-up perspective view of the one-piece sealing member adapted to the horizontal cyclone region. Figure 13 is a close-up perspective view of the king pin and powder sieve positioning area. Part Numbers

[0027] 100-Drying unit 101-Dryer Outer Body 1011-Insulation rings 1012-Inner volume 102-Support chassis 103-Wheels 104-Adjustable feet mechanism 105-Adjustment arm 106-Ladder group 107-Outer protective layer (insulation cladding) 108-Hot air inlet 1081-Outlet in carbonized powder form 1082-Movable flap 1083-Dust sieve location 1084-Hot air entry sensor 109-Suction pipe 110-Horizontal cyclone 111-Bearing ring 112-Gear 113-Drive group 114-Support wheel 115-Transmission members 116-Bearing unit 117-Wedges 118-Suction fan 1181-Flue outlet 1182-Product outlet temperature sensor 119-Fan drive group 120-Feed bunker 121-Double spiral 122-Drive group 123-Sealing member 124-Space gap 125-Intermediate members 126-King pin 130-Horizontal cyclone 131-Humidified air suction space 132-Viewing window 133-Solid micronized particle outlet 134-Double spiral transition chambers 135-Moist hot air outlet 140-Crusher rotor 141-Angled cutter palettes 142-Main drum 143-Bearing shafts 144-Bearing members 145-Rotor drive group 150-Hot air distributor 151-Advancement support members 152-Fuel advancing palettes 200-Reactor 201-Hot air transport pipe A- Fuel Entry Area B- Hot Air Outlet Area Detailed Description of the Invention

[0028] Figure 1 illustrates a drying unit (100) that provides for drying of organic matters, ores and substances in powder form by carbonizing them in an oxygen-free environment. This unit comprises a reactor (200), which is positioned to perform rotational movement in its middle center and provides hot air supply by burning solid fuels, a hot air transfer pipe (201) where the hot air inlet is provided, and a dryer outer body (101), which provides a closed volume for the fuels to be dried. In addition, a hot air distributor (150), which contains a conical structure in the form of a bullet tip, is positioned throughout the said dryer outer body (101).

[0029] The said dryer has a crusher rotor (140) with cutters and angled pallets inside, which prevents the adhesion of powdered organic, metals and substances sent into the dryer outer body (101) and ensures their progress by its rotating motion. However, by loading the organic original fuel with high moisture content in powder form sent into it, it turns the organic fuel in powder form into 0-200 mm pellets under pressure. Afterwards, when it is sent into the outer body of the dryer (101), it enters from the feeding bunker (120) and the fuel (organic, ores and minerals) is crushed by means of the crusher rotor (140) and angled cutter pallets (141), which are positioned in its inner cavity. Then, the fuel (organic, ores and minerals) is turned into powder form by means of the fuel advancement palettes (152), thus the size of the fuel (organic, ores and minerals) is reduced, it is carbonized and dried. Otherwise, when it is carbonized at 0-200 mm, the size of the fuel (organic, mines and minerals) grows in the carbonizing drying unit, the flue gas (1181) sent for drying will not be dried at the desired level, since its diameter is large and cannot transmit the flue gas (1181) heat inside. On the other hand, it comprises insulation rings (1011) which are configured on the said dryer outer body (101) that enable the integration of thermal insulation elements on the outer body.

[0030] The said drying unit (100) comprises a king pin (126) that enables it to be transported by a long- vehicle traction truck, a tilt-adjusting foot assembly (104) and a wheel (103) formed on the drying unit. It is possible to transport the drying unit (100) to a desired location mobile by means of a support chassis (102) and wheels (103) (see Figures 1 and 2). In addition, the said drying unit (100) has a main support chassis (102) and a ladder group (106) that provides access to the top of this chassis.

[0031] In Figure 4, a gear (112) surrounding the outer body (101) of the drying unit (100) is formed on its peripheral surface, thus the outer body (101) is driven with rotational movement in the range of 10-60 rpm with gear (112), transmission members (115) and main drive group (113). Similarly, a bearing ring (111) is circumferentially mounted on the outer body (101). The bearing ring (111) is supported by the support wheel (114) and is supported by the bearing unit (116). Wedges (117) are placed between the bearing ring (111) and the outer surface of the drying unit (100), and also between the gear (112) and the outer surface of the drying unit (100), and the rigidity and resistance of both rings are stabilized.

[0032] Wet air (vapor) sucked in by means of the suction fan (118) from the area formed in the product advancement and transfer area by means of the advancement support members (151) positioned in the drying unit (100) and by means of the fuel advancement pallets (152) and the angles and degrees of the angled cutter pallets (141), it transmits the humid air (steam) to the external environment by means of the suction fans (118), while holding the micronized solids thanks to the horizontal cyclone (130).

[0033] Figure 3 illustrates the double spiral (121) that provides the delivery of the fuel in powder form (organic, ore and substances) to be dried in the feeding bunker (120) to the drying area and the drive group (122) that provides the advancement of this double spiral (121).

[0034] The operating system of the drying unit (100) is as follows; moist solid coal etc. fuel in powder form stored in the feeding bunker (120) is conveyed into the system, that is, to the inner volume (1012), which is called the drying area, by means of the double spiral (121) driven by the drive group (122). The double spiral (121) receiving the fuel in powder form in the feeding bunker (120) sends the fuel in powder form from the fuel inlet section (A) to the inner volume (1012), that is, into the furnace. Inside the furnace, it first meets with the crusher rotor (140) in. The crusher rotor (140) is driven by the rotor drive group (145) and provides the rotational motion. By means of the angled cutter pallets (141) positioned on the crusher rotor (140), it ensures that the fuel is crushed and at the same time ensures its advancement. It prevents the sticking of organic, ores and substances in powder form, as well as allowing them to move into the furnace. The crusher rotor (140) is supported by the bearing members (144) and rotates with the rotor drive group (145) that provides the rotational movement.

[0035] While the organic, ores and substances in powder form are transferred into the system by means of the double spiral (121), the dryer outer body (101) PLC control software ensures that the product comes out at the same humidity continuously. While the outer body (101) is rotated, the fuel advancing pallets (152) make a short-distance pouring from the top where it rises, providing access to powdered ores and materials in dried form. Fuel advancement pallets (152) have a spiral positioning by means of the speed of rotation on the inner wall surface, which transfers and advances the material. The fuel is cycled in the furnace constantly. By constantly turning the fuel upside down, the hot air inside the furnace penetrates all the surfaces and cells of the fuel. This leads to an efficient and economical drying process. In addition, the dryer outer body (101) is sealed at high level.

[0036] Figures 12 and 12.1 illustrate the sealing member (123). The said sealing member (123) has a monolithic structure and a high level of sealing is provided by wrapping the hot air inlet (108) and the mouth of the horizontal cyclone (130) as a single complete piece. Space gaps (124) and intermediate members (125) are used in the horizontal cyclone (130) region, so that the sealing member (123) is not affected by the hot surface of the outer body (101). Thus, loosening and leaks due to temperature are prevented. The hot air inlet (108) is configured between the reactor (200) and the dryer outer body (101). The said hot air inlet (108) includes powder sieve positioning zone (1083) and hot air inlet sensors (1084).

[0037] In Figure 7, the movable flap (1082) is included in the system to keep the outer casing of the dryer (101) inside of the furnace constantly warm and to prevent leaks. Since the movable flap (1082) has the feature of opening and closing every 7 seconds, the powder particle outlet (1081) is not kept open continuously. Energy leaks are prevented by the controlled opening and closing of this outlet.

[0038] The drying unit (100) is positioned with an angle of 0-3 degrees by means of the software on the PLC control system, taking reference from the product outlet temperature control sensor. This, in turn, prolongs and shortens the residence time of organic, ores and substances in powder form to be dried.

[0039] In the area called Hot Air Exit zone (B), hot air is provided to the drying area by an external hot air reactor (200). Other existing technologies cannot keep the amount of oxygen in the flue gas constant at 5% in dry air generators. However, the DRY drying unit (100) must have a flue gas temperature of 900 0< C and 5% oxygen in order for us to be able to carbonize it through the hot air inlet (108) to the system. In the old technologies, the flue gas oxygen rises to around 12%. Those who use the old system cause fire when they enter with 900 0< C. For this reason, the fuels in the furnace start to burn, which is an undesirable situation. However, this problem is eliminated by integrating the reactor (200) presented in the patent number TR2010 / 05272 belonging to Senol Faik OZYAMAN to the drying unit (100) system.

[0040] The delivery of minerals and materials in powder form that are dried in the oven is provided at the powder particle outlet (1081). The movable flap (1082) discharges 25 kg every 7 seconds. Therefore, since this area is not always open and is open for 1 second in 7 seconds, the inflow of cold air and oxygen from outside is not continuous. In old systems, since this area is always open, there is a constant cold air inflow from this area. Therefore, this situation causes the furnace interior to cool down, the amount of oxygen to increase, and the energy losses are at a high level.

[0041] Temperature is automatically controlled by software on PLC control system with the hot air inlet sensors (1084) on the hot air inlet (108), powder particle outlet (1081) and product outlet temperature sensors located on the outer surface of the moist air (vapor) control sensors positioned on the humid air (vapor) suction pipes on the horizontal cyclone (130), humid air (steam) suction fan (118). Moist air (vapor) is released to the environment with the steam flue outlet (1181) without emission. The said horizontal cyclone (130) has at least one moist air suction gap (131), viewing window (132) and solid micronized particle outlet (133) and a spiral transition chamber (134) that provides passage of fuel into the drying outer body (101) through the said feeding bunker (120). In addition, there is a moist hot air outlet chamber (135) that provides the transfer of the hot air of the horizontal cyclone (130) inside the dryer outer body (101) to the flue outlet.

[0042] Horizontal cyclone (130), suction fan (118) and suction pipe (109) moist air (vapor) outlet temperature is kept at 74°. In order to keep this outlet temperature at 74°, the suction fans (118) keep it at the same temperature by increasing or decreasing its speed by means of software on the PLC control system. The purpose is to ensure drying of the materials to be dried as well as saving energy. Entry is made to the system, namely the drying unit (100), at 900°, while exit is made at 74°, the drying efficiency is 93%. In other existing systems, the drying efficiency is 20%. The horizontal cyclone (130) and the suction fan (118) always keep the moist air (vapor) containing substances in powder form larger than 150 microns, which they absorb from the drying zone, at around 74 degrees, keep them around +-5%, and ensure that these substances are taken from the bagging mouth on the cyclone in dry form and recycled.

[0043] In Figure 2, the outer body (101) of the drying unit (100) is covered with an outer protective layer (107) consisting of ceramic fiber and rock wool, aluminum foil and the outer layer galvanized sheet. Thus, possible energy and heat losses are minimized. In the drying unit (100), a high level of impermeability has been achieved in this way with the thermal insulation and sealing properties made at many points.

[0044] The automated control system uses the product outlet temperature sensor (1182), which provides the dried fuel as a reference, and after determining the amount of moisture to be removed from the product, the arrival time of the powder materials passing through the drying area is determined by the software on the PLC control system with the double spiral (121) in the feeding bunker (120), by adjusting the drive group (122) on it at the desired speed. It ensures that the moist or powdered materials or substances to be dried enter the system and ensures that the moisture of the materials decreases to the desired dry base in the air. In addition, while the software control system controls the feeding double spiral (121) and the drive group (122) according to the value it receives from the product outlet temperature sensor (1182), which it references, it controls the suction fan (118) and by reducing or increasing the moist air (vapor) suction it needs, while providing the exit of moist air from the steam flue outlet (1181) to the environment, it also increases and decreases the speed of the drive group (113), which drives the rotary furnace outer body (101), by determining the residence time of the product in the drying area according to the amount of input, and by determining the substances in powder form passing through the drying area during rotation, thus ensures that the amount remains always the same.

[0045] In order to ensure the drying of materials in powder form in the drying area, that is, in the inner volume (1012), during the passage of dry and hot air from the drying area, the materials in powder form move to the exit through the pallets in the rotary furnace, while meeting the dry and hot air coming from the opposite direction, it is ensured that the moisture (vapor) on and inside the dried items leaves the system as a result of the moist air (vapor) being sent to the vapor flue outlet (1181) by being sucked by the suction fans from the air corridor region formed by removing the found moisture. Dehumidified powdered substances will have the desired properties by lowering them to a dry basis in the air.

[0046] The objective of our drying technology of coal and organic original fuels by carbonizing in an oxygen-free environment is the lowering of moisture from 55% to 2% in coal, as well as the carbonization process of young organic fuels by aging with our technology. However, organic fuels must be dried until their humidity is lowered below the dry base moisture in the air, according to the original moisture content determined by the analysis and the dry base value in the air. This system reduces moisture of all organic materials below the dry base in the air by reducing the moisture up to 2%. To reduce the moisture above the dry base in the air, for example, the dry base moisture value in the air of a coal with a humidity of 55% varies between 5% and 6%. On the other hand, when the coal, which has a dry base moisture of 5% in the air, is dried up to 6% moisture and stored in place, the coal will reach its original moisture in time with the moisture it receives from the air. Therefore, it makes no sense to lower it to moisture above of the dry base in the air. The biggest advantage of reducing the moisture to 2% with this system is, depending on the dry base value of the organic matter in the air is, for example, if the dry base value of the coal with 55% humidity is 5% in the air, the coal dried with our technology increases from 2% to 5%, and by stabilizing the moisture there, although the organic matter is exposed to all kinds of weather conditions, the moisture rate does not change.

Claims

1. A drying unit (100) for drying of coal, ores and all kinds of organic materials in powder form containing moisture by carbonizing them in an flue gas environment with an oxygen content of 5%, comprising a reactor (200) which is configured for providing for drying of fuel by transferring flue gas with an oxygen content of 5% and a temperature of 900 DEG C into an inner volume (1012) of a furnace, transport members that provide for delivery of fuel to be dried to said inner volume (1012) of the furnace, and a feeding bunker (120), wherein said drying unit (100) further comprises; - a dryer outer body (101) having an inner volume of the furnace (1012), into which flue gas with an oxygen content 5% and a temperature of 900 DEG C generated by the said reactor (200) is transferred, - a drive group (113) that provides rotational movement to said dryer outer body (101), - a crusher rotor (140), structured inside of the dryer outer body (101), having cutters and angled pallets inside, that prevents the adhesion of organic matters, ores and substances in powder form and ensures their advancement by its rotating motion, - at least one suction fan (118) that absorbs flue gas in the furnace interior volume (1012), - a horizontal cyclone (130) that transfers the moist flue gas (vapor) to outside by means of the said suction fans (118) while retaining with the horizontal cyclone the micronized solids absorbed by the suction fan (118), having a double spiral transition chamber (134) that provides for passage of the fuel into the dryer outer body (101) through the feeding bunker (120), - a flue gas inlet (108) configured between the said reactor (200) and the drying outer body (101) wherein said flue gas inlet (108) comprises at least one powder particle outlet (1081), - a movable flap (1082) that closes a dust powder particle outlet (1081), which has the feature of opening and closing every 7 seconds in order to keep inside of the furnace of the dryer outer body (101) constantly hot and to prevent leaks, - a drive group (113) that provides rotational movement to said dryer outer body (101) from the outer zone and includes gears (112) and transmission elements (115) surrounding the outer body (101) all around, - a flue gas distributor (150) which contains a conical structure in a form of a bullet tip, positioned throughout the dryer outer body (101) and - advancement support members (151) and fuel advancements pallets (152) placed inside the drying unit (100).

2. The drying unit (100) according to claim 2, wherein the flue gas inlet (108) comprises powder sieve positioning area (1083) and flue gas inlet sensors (1084).

3. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein it comprises a double spiral (121) having a drive group (122) that provides the entry of the moist powdered ores or substances to be dried as much as it needs into the system and ensures that the moisture of the materials is lowered down to the dry base in the desired air by adjusting the drive group (122) on the said feeding bunker (120) at the desired speed.

4. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein it comprises a bearing unit (116) having support wheel (114) and bearing ring (111) providing bedding and support for said drying outer body (101) from the outer region.

5. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein the said horizontal cyclone (130) comprises a solid micronized particle outlet (133), at least one moistened air suction cavity (131), a viewing window (132), and a hot air exit chamber (135) that transfers the hot air inside the dryer outer body (101) through the flue outlet.

6. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein it comprises a rotor drive group (145) and angled cutter palettes (141) having a main drum (142) configured on the said crusher rotor (140) that crushes the fuel and makes it advance at the same time.

7. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein it comprises insulation rings (1011) configured on the said the dryer outer body (101) and integration of heat insulation members on the outer body.

8. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein the outer body (101) of the said drying unit (100) comprises an outer protective layer (107) having ceramic fibers, rock wool, aluminum foil and outer layer galvanized sheet metal.

9. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein said drying unit (100) comprises wheels (103) that make it possible to be towed by a heavy transport vehicle, a king pin (126) and feet mechanism (104) having an adjustment lever (105) that adjusts the slope.

10. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein said drying unit (100) comprises a support chassis (102) and a ladder group for climbing on top of this chassis (106).

11. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein the said suction fan (118) is controlled automatically by software on PLC control system and it comprises a vapor flue outlet (1181) that releases the moist air (vapor) into the environment.

12. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein the said suction fan (118) comprises a product temperature sensor (1182) used as reference for output of the dried fuel.

13. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein it comprises a sealing member (123) of monolithic structure that wraps around the said horizontal cyclone (130) and flue gas inlet (108) completely as a single piece, space gap (124) formed between said sealing member (123) and the dryer outer body (101) that prevents the sealing member (123) from being affected by temperature on the dryer outer body (101) and multiple intermediate members (125) configured in this space gap (124).

14. The drying unit (100) according to claim 1, wherein it comprises bearing members (144) positioned between the said crusher rotor (140) and hot air distributor (150) which also provide centering for the said crusher rotor (140).