Casting machine and method for casting

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for pouring a melt into a mold and a casting machine, wherein at least one mold (21) is mounted on a frame (24) of a casting machine (20), wherein the mold is moved by means of a swiveling device (25) of the casting machine during the filling of a melt into the mold and is tilted about a first axis (26), wherein the mold is tilted about a second axis (27) by means of the swiveling device during the filling, wherein the first axis is designed to extend transversely relative to the second axis.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a casting machine and a method for pouring a melt into a casting mold, wherein at least one casting mold is received on a frame of a casting machine, wherein the casting mold is moved by means of a pivoting device of the casting machine during filling of a melt into the casting mold and is tilted about a first axis.

[0002] Such casting machines and methods are well known in the art, whereby during casting, liquid metal is always poured into a casting mold until the casting mold or a cavity of the casting mold is completely filled. After the molten metal has solidified, the then formed component can be demolded or removed from the mold. The casting mold can be a permanent mold or a lost mold, for example a permanent mold or sand mold. It is important that while the molten metal is being poured into the casting mold, which can be done via a crucible, the casting mold is moved or tilted about an axis. For this purpose, the casting mold is arranged on a movable frame of the casting machine. The frame of the casting machine is designed so that the casting mold can be moved or tilted about the axis by means of a pivoting device.By tilting the mold during the filling of the melt, it is possible, depending on the shape of the cavity, to completely fill the mold with metal without the formation of defects such as air pockets, cold running, or similar. It is also advantageous if the melt poured into the mold fills the cavity evenly and is not randomly distributed within the cavity. This also ensures a controlled filling process of the melt. Overall, it is possible to produce high-quality metal cast products with minimal waste.

[0003] However, it has been shown that defects are more likely to occur in products with complex shapes. Furthermore, porosity of the cast product and oxide contamination can be comparatively high, which must be avoided. Since the casting mold is usually arranged on the casting machine frame so that one of the mold's sprues is positioned radially relative to the filling axis, the design of a product is always limited to one mold position. Particular care must be taken to ensure that complex product shapes are not located near the sprue.

[0004] It is therefore an object of the invention to propose a method for pouring a melt into a casting mold and a casting machine which enables the casting of high-quality products.

[0005] This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a casting machine having the features of claim 13.

[0006] In the method according to the invention for pouring a melt into a casting mold, at least one casting mold is received on a frame of a casting machine, wherein the casting mold is moved by means of a pivoting device of the casting machine during filling of a melt into the casting mold and is tilted about a first axis, wherein the casting mold is tilted about a second axis by means of the pivoting device during filling, wherein the first axis is designed to run transversely relative to the second axis.

[0007] Accordingly, the method according to the invention provides for the casting mold to be tilted or rotated about the first axis and about the second axis during the filling of the melt. Because the two axes are designed or arranged to run transversely relative to one another, the casting mold can be moved in two planes, resulting in a movement in three dimensions during the filling of the melt. This makes it possible to individually adapt the movement of the casting mold to a cavity formed in the casting mold during the filling of the melt. Even products with complex geometries can then be cast with high quality. When the melt is filled into the casting mold, the movement of the casting mold can direct the melt in a desired flow direction, which can change depending on the shape of the product during the casting process or filling and can be adapted to the shape of the product.Melt channels formed in the casting mold can also be taken into account. The casting process can be designed to ensure smooth and complete filling of the casting cavity, thus avoiding air pockets, cold running, and oxide contamination of the product. Furthermore, the arrangement of the cavity within the casting mold is no longer necessarily tied to an optimal position of a sprue on the casting mold. There is more flexibility with regard to the arrangement of the cavity, as the casting mold can be moved in two degrees of freedom. Depending on the shape of the product to be cast, the casting mold can then be made smaller, as the cavity arrangement within the casting mold can be selected to save as much space as possible. In principle, the process can be applied to any type of casting mold. For example, the casting mold can be designed as a permanent mold or a lost mold.The casting mold is preferably a permanent mold or a sand mold. The permanent mold can be made up of two or more parts.

[0008] A crucible filled with melt can remain stationary relative to the casting mold when the casting mold is tilted about the first axis and the second axis, or the crucible can be tilted about a further axis. A crucible is also understood to mean an injection unit. To fill the melt into the casting mold, the crucible with the melt or the liquid metal can be positioned at a sprue of the casting mold. In a first embodiment of the method, it can be provided that the crucible is firmly fixed relative to the casting mold or is moved along with the movement of the casting mold in such a way that no relative movement occurs. The movement of the casting mold then consequently moves the crucible so that the melt can be filled into the sprue via this movement. According to a further embodiment, the crucible can be tilted about a further axis.This means that while the mold is moving as the melt is poured into the sprue, the crucible can be moved relative to the mold, allowing more or less melt to be poured into the sprue compared to a stationary crucible. This then makes it possible to regulate the melt flow or volume flow, for example, depending on the shape of the cavity. The casting process can then be even better adapted to the shape of the product.

[0009] The tilting about the axes can be controlled by a control device of the casting machine. The control device can comprise or be formed from data processing means, for example, a computer or a programmable logic controller. The control device can then, for example, control motors, actuators, or other control elements during the casting process such that the casting mold is tilted or pivoted about the first and second axes. A timing sequence for the control can be stored individually for a casting mold in the control device.

[0010] During a filling period, the respective tilting about the first axis and about the second axis can occur in a common time period and / or in different time periods. Thus, the axes can be moved simultaneously or not simultaneously using the control device. The control device can move the axes completely independently of one another, so that during a pouring process, for example, initially only the first axis is moved, followed by the first axis and the second axis, and then only the second axis. In principle, any movements of the respective axes are possible during the filling period, i.e., the pouring process.

[0011] By means of a sensor device of the casting machine, an absolute position, a rotation angle and / or a rotation speed can be determined for each of the axes. The pivoting device can have the sensor device, and the sensor device can be implemented, for example, by rotary encoders on the respective axes or other suitable sensors. These sensors then make it possible to determine the actual position of the respective axis or a tilt angle of the casting mold, independently of a drive of the pivoting device for tilting the casting mold. During a movement of the casting mold, a rotation speed of the axis can also be detected by the sensor device. The control device can then also be configured such that the respectively detected values ​​are output by the control device. This can be done by data transmission, numerical representation, graphic representation or the like.The casting process can then be directly monitored by a casting machine operator. Furthermore, the recorded data can also be stored or logged by the control device.

[0012] A control device of the control apparatus can control the respective tilting about the first axis and the second axis during filling, using the absolute position, the angle of rotation, or the rotation speed as a reference variable. The control device can be designed within the control apparatus as a controlled system that controls a drive of the pivoting device such that the casting mold is tilted about the first axis and the second axis in the desired manner during the casting process. Preferably, it can be provided that the control takes place according to the angle of rotation of the respective axis to be achieved at the end of a time period of the casting process. The control device can control the movement of the casting mold for the first axis and the second axis independently.

[0013] By means of the sensor device, a level of the melt in the sprue and / or in a sprue of the casting mold can be detected when the melt is poured into a sprue of the casting mold, wherein the control device can regulate the absolute position, the angle of rotation or the rotation speed according to the level as a higher-level reference variable. The sensor can be arranged on the crucible, the casting mold, the frame or elsewhere. This makes it possible to determine by means of the sensor device when the level or a height of the melt within the cavity of the casting mold reaches the sprue or sprue. For this purpose, the sensor device can have at least one sensor, in particular an image sensor, infrared sensor, temperature sensor, induction sensor, capacitive sensor, proximity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, radar sensor, or magnetic sensor. The sensor device can therefore be used to determine when there is a risk of melt overflow from the casting mold.The pouring process can now be adjusted to prevent melt overflow. If melt is detected at the sprue and / or gate of the casting mold, the pouring process can be corrected accordingly, for example by tilting the casting mold about its axes and / or dosing a volume flow of the melt poured into the casting mold. Overall, the pouring of the melt into the casting mold can be optimized to prevent the casting mold from overflowing, thereby avoiding the work that would otherwise be necessary and saving energy. The control device can then have an additional control loop in which the level of the melt or a target level of the melt in the casting mold or at the sprue of the casting mold serves as an additional reference variable.If this additional control loop is superordinate to the control loop for absolute position, rotation angle, or rotation speed, the mold filling can be controlled primarily according to the target level, thus ensuring time-optimized mold filling. This makes it possible to fill the mold even faster while maintaining consistent product quality.

[0014] Before filling, a starting point can be defined as a reference position for tilting around each of the axes. In this reference position, the mold can be positioned with its horizontal and vertical side surfaces so that an absolute position of the respective axis with a rotation angle of 0° is defined as the starting point. In principle, however, the mold can also already be tilted around one or both axes, so that an absolute position has a rotation angle of ≠ 0°. This rotation angle can then be determined as the starting point for filling.

[0015] The control device can calculate a rotation angle and / or a rotation speed for each axis, depending on the cavity of the mold, for a filling period. The control device can thus specify a rotation angle and / or a rotation speed for each axis as a target value or nominal value for the movement of the mold during the casting process. It can also be provided that the control device calculates the rotation angle and / or the rotation speed for different time periods of the filling period or the casting process. The movement of the mold can then be adapted particularly precisely to the shape of a cavity or a product to be cast.

[0016] The control device can calculate the volume of melt poured into the mold per filling time period. The melt volume or volume flow of the melt can be determined by the control device via a rotation speed per axis. In principle, it is also possible for the control device to calculate the total volume of melt in the mold at a given time period. This is particularly advantageous if the cavity volume is known. The control device can then also determine the time by which a casting process or a period of filling the melt into the mold is completed.

[0017] The control device can simulate a melt flow for a filling period and output a simulation result or save a simulation. The control device can be configured to simulate a casting process, for example, using a casting solidification simulation or the finite element method (FEM). Furthermore, a simulation of a casting process not created by the control device can be integrated into the control device. The control device can then use this simulation to optimize a movement of the casting mold, for example by repeating the simulation with different parameters, to such an extent that the cavity is filled as smoothly as possible in the shortest possible time. This optimization can also be performed using artificial intelligence (AI). The control device can output the result, for example, graphically, so that it can be checked and / or selected by a casting machine operator.

[0018] As the melt is poured into the mold, a laminar melt flow can be achieved within the mold. This laminar melt flow prevents the formation of air pockets, a tendency to cold run, and oxide contamination of the product. Turbulent melt flow could result from the melt flowing over obstacles within the cavity, such as a ledge or the like. By tilting the mold about the first and second axes, the melt can be diverted around these obstacles, thus preventing turbulent melt flow within the mold.

[0019] The casting machine according to the invention for pouring a melt into a casting mold comprises a frame for receiving at least one casting mold and a pivoting device for moving the casting mold. The casting mold can be moved and tilted about a first axis by means of the pivoting device during the filling of a melt into the casting mold. The casting mold can be tilted about a second axis by means of the pivoting device during the filling process, the first axis being designed to run transversely relative to the second axis. For the advantageous effects of the casting machine according to the invention, reference is made to the description of the advantages of the method according to the invention.

[0020] The casting machine can comprise a casting mold and / or a crucible for filling the melt into the casting mold. The casting mold can be a permanent mold or a sand mold. The casting mold can be mounted on the frame of the casting machine or fixed thereto so that the casting mold can be moved by means of the pivoting device. The crucible can be arranged on the casting mold for filling the melt into the casting mold or, alternatively, can be moved along with the casting mold during the casting process when the casting mold is moved. This can also be done, for example, using a multi-axis robot or the like. This robot can then also be an assembly of the casting machine.

[0021] The first axis can be configured to run orthogonally relative to the second axis, with the first axis preferably intersecting the second axis. However, it is also conceivable for the axes to be spaced apart from one another. An axis is understood here to be an imaginary line about which the casting mold can be rotated or tilted. The axis does not necessarily have to be a structurally present axis. Rather, any mechanical means, for example, multiple axes, joints, or the like, can enable tilting about the axis.

[0022] The first axis and the second axis can be configured to run horizontally relative to the casting mold, or the first axis can be configured to run horizontally and the second axis vertically relative to the casting mold. The casting mold can be arranged such that its top and bottom surfaces are aligned horizontally and its side surfaces are aligned vertically.

[0023] The first axis and the second axis can be configured to run through the mold, preferably through a center of gravity of the mold. A center of gravity here refers to a geometric center of gravity or a center of mass of the mold. Since a mold is usually relatively heavy, lower torques are then required to move the mold. This arrangement of the axes allows the drive of the swivel device to be smaller and operated with less energy.

[0024] The pivoting device can be designed as an axis with at least one frame that is at least partially shaped like a segment of a circle, wherein the segment of the frame can rest on a bearing of the pivoting device and can be moved along the bearing by means of a drive device of the pivoting device. One, two or more frames can be provided for each axis, each resting on an associated bearing. The frame can be disc-shaped or designed in the manner of a latticework. Furthermore, it is also possible for the frame to be circular, wherein a circular segment-shaped frame is already sufficient for pivoting the casting mold. The bearing can also be circular or circular segment-shaped in line with the frame. The bearing can be a plain bearing. Alternatively, the bearing can also be formed by rolling elements or rolling bearings, on which the frame then rests.The drive device can be an electric motor or an actuator, for example, an electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic linear drive. The electric motor can pivot the frame(s) relative to the respective bearing about the axis using a transmission, for example, a gear drive, belt drive, or the like. The actuator(s) can also be arranged on the frame and the rack in such a way that a movement of the respective actuator causes a relative movement of the frame and bearing or a pivoting of the frame about the respective axis.

[0025] When the melt is poured, a sprue of the casting mold can be located on an inclined, horizontal, or vertical side surface of the casting mold. The casting mold can therefore be mounted on the frame in such a way that, at the beginning of the melt's pouring into the casting mold, the sprue is located on one of the side surfaces of the casting mold or on a top surface of the casting mold.

[0026] Further advantageous embodiments of a casting machine emerge from the descriptions of the features of the subclaims referring back to method claim 1.

[0027] Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] They show: Fig. 1 a perspective view of a casting mold with axes; Fig. 2 another perspective view of the mold with axes; Fig. 3 a side view of a casting machine; Fig. 4 a rear view of the casting machine Fig. 3 ; Fig. 5 a perspective partial view of the casting machine from Fig. 3 ; Fig. 6 a table showing movements of a mold during a casting process; Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a casting mold with a crucible; Fig. 8 a schematic representation of a casting process in a first embodiment; Fig. 9 a schematic representation of a casting process in a second embodiment; Fig. 10a-h a schematic representation of a process sequence for filling a casting mold according to a first embodiment; Fig. 11a-h a schematic representation of a process sequence for filling a casting mold according to a second embodiment.

[0029] The Fig. 1 shows a casting mold 10, which here is essentially formed from an upper mold part 11 and a lower mold part 12 and has a sprue 14 on a side surface 13. The casting mold 10 is movable about a first axis 15 and a second axis 16 or tiltable by means of a casting machine not shown in detail here. The first axis 15 and the second axis 16 are designed to run horizontally relative to the casting mold 10 and intersect at a right angle at a center of gravity 19 of the casting mold 10.

[0030] The Fig. 2 shows the casting mold 10, which here, in contrast to Fig. 1 is arranged on the casting machine (not shown) so as to be tiltable about a first axis 17 and a second axis 18, the first axis 17 being designed to run horizontally and the second axis 18 vertically relative to the casting mold 10.

[0031] A summary of the Fig. 3 bis 5 shows a casting machine 20 with a casting mold 21, which has an upper mold part 22 and a lower mold part 23. The casting machine 20 has a frame 24 for receiving the casting mold 21 and a pivoting device 25 for moving the casting mold 21. By means of the pivoting device 25, the casting mold 21 can be moved during the filling of a melt into the casting mold 21 and can be tilted about a first axis 26 and a second axis 27. The first axis 26 and the second axis 27 run horizontally and orthogonally relative to the casting mold 21 and at a relative distance from one another. The pivoting device 25 is designed for the first axis 26 with two frames 28, which are partially designed in the shape of a circular segment, wherein a circular segment 29 of the frame 28 rests on a bearing 30 and is movable along the bearing 30 by means of a drive device 31.The bearing 30 is essentially formed here from two bearing rollers 32 per frame 28, and the drive device 31 is formed by an electric motor 33. For the second axis 27, the pivoting device 25 comprises a circular segment-shaped frame 34, the circular segment 35 of which rests on a bearing 36. Furthermore, a bearing pin 37 is rotatably mounted in a bearing bush 38 of the frame 24. A drive device 39 is formed here by a hydraulically or electrically driven cylinder 40, which enables the circular segment 35 to be pivoted or tilted about the second axis 27. The casting mold 21 is placed on a table 41 of the frame 24 and clamped to the table 41 by means of a jaw 42. The position of the casting mold 21 shown here serves as a starting point for a movement of the casting mold 21 during a casting process.

[0032] The Fig. 6 shows a table in which examples of possible movements of the Fig. 1 bis 5 mentioned axes during a casting process. The casting process here extends over a period of time consisting of steps that can be carried out in any number. A step labeled Start marks the beginning of the period, and a step labeled End marks the end of the period of the casting process. Between each of the steps there is a time segment within which molten metal is poured into the casting mold. The movement of the casting mold is carried out independently of one another for the first axis and the second axis. In steps 1 and 2, only the first axis is moved initially, and in steps 3 and 4, both axes are moved. Starting from a starting point on the casting mold, the respective steps move to a rotation angle within a specified travel time, which results in a rotation speed for the respective axis.It is essential that during the filling of the melt into the casting mold, the casting mold is moved around the first axis as well as the second axis.

[0033] The Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a casting mold 43 with a crucible 44. The casting mold 43 is formed from an upper mold part 45 and a lower mold part 46. A cavity 47 of a product to be cast is formed within the casting mold 43. Furthermore, a sprue 48 is formed on the casting mold 43 with a melt channel 49 that leads to a gate 50 of the cavity 47. Furthermore, a sensor 51 is arranged on the sprue 48, with which the sprue 48 of the casting mold 43 can be monitored for a level of the melt in the sprue 48 or the gate 50. This can be done by the sensor 51 detecting the level of the melt. The casting mold 43 is mounted on a casting machine (not shown) so that it can be tilted about a first axis 52 and a second axis 53. The crucible 44 can also be designed so that it can be tilted about a further axis 54.

[0034] The Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of a casting process with the casting mold 43 on a casting machine, in which the casting mold 43 is rotated during the casting process at an angle about the first axis 52 in the direction shown in the Fig. 8 The crucible 44 is tilted in the direction shown, with the crucible 44 also being tilted in the direction shown about the further axis 54 during the casting process. The volume flow of melt flowing through the sprue 48 into the casting mold 43 can thus be increased.

[0035] In comparison, in the Fig. 9 an embodiment of a casting process with the casting mold 43 is shown, in which the crucible 44 remains stationary relative to the casting mold 43 or the sprue 48, while the casting mold 43 is in the position shown in the Fig. 9 shown direction about the first axis 52. This also allows melt to be poured from the crucible 44 into the sprue 48. A volume flow of melt dependent on tilting about the first axis 52 cannot then be controlled by means of the crucible 44.

[0036] A summary of the Fig. 10a bis 10h shows the casting mold 43 with the crucible 44 during different time periods according to an embodiment of a casting process. During this casting process, the crucible 44 is always rigidly fixed relative to the casting mold 43 or arranged without any relative movement. Fig. 10a shown starting position, the casting mold 43 is moved according to the Fig. 10b inclined about the first axis 52, so that a melt 55 located in the crucible 44 flows towards the sprue 48. As shown in the Fig. 10c As shown, the cavity 47 is filled with the melt 55 according to the inclination around the first axis 52, until the sensor 51 located on the gate 48 detects the melt 55. A control device of the casting machine, not shown here, which moves the casting mold 43, then increases a rotation speed of the casting mold 43 around the first axis 52, so that a faster filling of the cavity 47 is achieved and a level 56 of the melt 55 in the cavity 47, as in Fig. 10e shown, outside the detection range of the sensor 51. With a continued pivoting movement according to Fig. 10f the cavity 47 continues to fill with melt 55, so that a level 56 continues to rise in the cavity 47. After the Fig. 10g the sensor 51 again detects melt 55 or its level 56 at the sprue 48. Thereupon, a rotation speed of the casting mold 43 about the first axis 52 is increased so far that, as in the Fig. 10h shown, the casting mold 43 is completely filled with melt 55.

[0037] The Fig. 11a bis 11h show a further embodiment of a casting process with the casting mold 43 and the crucible 44, in which case, in contrast to the Fig. 10a bis 10h the crucible 44 is tiltable about the further axis 54. In contrast to the Fig. 10c is now according to the Fig. 11c It is provided that the crucible 44 is tilted in the direction shown here relative to the casting mold 43, so that an increase in the flow rate or volume flow of the melt 55 into the cavity 47 results. Thus, according to the Fig. 11d to a detection of the melt 55 or the level 56 at the gate 48. After the Fig. 11e By means of a control device of the casting machine in question (also not shown here), a rotational speed about the first axis 52 and a rotational speed of the crucible 44 about the further axis 54 are increased to such an extent that a rapid filling of the cavity 47 with melt 55 results. As in the Fig. 11f As shown, the cavity 47 is continuously filled until the level 56 of the melt 55 again reaches the sensor 51 or the gate 48. By increasing the rotation speed around the first axis 52, as shown in the Fig. 11h shown, for completely filling the cavity 47 or the casting mold 43 with melt 55.

[0038] By means of the sensor 51, the control device can control tilting about the first axis 52 or the second axis 53 and also the further axis 54 such that the tilting about the axes 52, 53, 54 is regulated according to the level 56 as a reference variable. The level 56 can then also be a higher-level reference variable according to which an absolute position, a rotation angle, and / or a rotation speed is regulated. The level 56 can be defined by the control device as a target level. During the tilting of the casting mold 43, the control device can increase the rotation speed until the target level is reached. Then, as previously described, the tilting of the casting mold 43 can be stopped or slowed down so that the level 56 is kept essentially constant while the casting mold 43 or the crucible 44 is tilted and melt is poured into the casting mold 43. Filling of the casting mold 43 can thus be significantly accelerated.

[0039] A movement of the mold 43 around a second axis is in the Fig. 7 bis 11 not apparent, but is also executed.

[0040] The sensor 51 is not absolutely necessary for carrying out the method, so that the Fig. 7 bis 11 The described embodiments of the method can also be carried out without the sensor 51 and are included in the description. A control device of the casting machine in question can then be configured such that, regardless of knowledge of a melt level or direct detection by means of a sensor, a rotation speed is changed depending on the then known cavity 47.

Claims

1. A method for pouring a melt into a casting mold, wherein at least one casting mold (10, 21, 43) is received on a frame (24) of a casting machine (20), wherein the casting mold is moved by means of a pivoting device (25) of the casting machine during filling of a melt (55) into the casting mold and is tilted about a first axis (15, 17, 26, 52), characterized by that the casting mould is tilted about a second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) by means of the pivoting device during filling, wherein the first axis is designed to run transversely relative to the second axis.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by that a crucible (44) filled with melt (55) is immobile relative to the casting mold when the casting mold (10, 21, 43) is tilted about the first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) and the second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) or the crucible is tilted about a further axis (54).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by thatthe tilting about the axes (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53) is controlled by means of a control device of the casting machine (20).

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized by that during a filling period, the respective tilting about the first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) and the second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) takes place in a common time period and / or in different time periods.

5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by that an absolute position, a rotation angle and / or a rotation speed is determined for each of the axes (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53) by means of a sensor device of the casting machine (20).

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized by thata control device of the control apparatus controls the respective tilting about the first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) and the second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) during filling according to the absolute position, the angle of rotation or the speed of rotation as a reference variable.

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized by that by means of the sensor device when filling the melt (55) into a sprue (14, 48) of the casting mold (15, 17, 26, 52), a level (56) of the melt in the sprue and / or in a sprue (50) of the casting mold is detected, wherein the control device controls the absolute position, the angle of rotation or the speed of rotation according to the level as a higher-level reference variable.

8. Method according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized by that before filling, a starting point is set as a reference position for tilting around each of the axes (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53).

9. Method according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized by that the control device calculates a rotation angle and / or a rotation speed per axis (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53) as a function of a cavity (47) of the casting mold (10, 21, 43) for a period of filling.

10. Method according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized by that the control device calculates a melt volume filled into the casting mold (10, 21, 43) per filling time period.

11. Method according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized by that the control device simulates a melt flow for a period of filling and outputs a result of the simulation or stores a simulation.

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that during the filling of the melt (55) into the casting mould (10, 21, 43) a laminar melt flow is formed in the casting mould.

13. A casting machine (20) for pouring a melt into a casting mold, wherein the casting machine comprises a frame (24) for receiving at least one casting mold (10, 21, 43) and a pivoting device (25) for moving the casting mold, wherein the casting mold is movable by means of the pivoting device during filling of a melt (55) into the casting mold and is tiltable about a first axis (15, 17, 26, 52), characterized by that the casting mould can be tilted about a second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) by means of the pivoting device during filling, wherein the first axis is designed to run transversely relative to the second axis.

14. Casting machine according to claim 13, characterized by that the casting machine comprises a casting mold (10, 21, 43) and / or a crucible (44) for filling the melt (55) into the casting mold.

15. Casting machine according to claim 13 or 14, characterized by thatthe first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) is designed to run orthogonally relative to the second axis (16, 18, 27, 53), wherein the first axis preferably intersects the second axis.

16. Casting machine according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized by that the first axis (15, 26, 52) and the second axis (16, 27, 53) are designed to run horizontally relative to the casting mold (10, 21, 43) or that the first axis (17) is designed to run horizontally and the second axis (18) is designed to run vertically relative to the casting mold (10, 21, 43).

17. Casting machine according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized by that the first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) and the second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) are formed so as to run through the casting mold (10, 21, 43), preferably through a center of gravity (19) of the casting mold.

18. Casting machine according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized by thatthe pivoting device (25) for each axis (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53) is designed with at least one frame (28, 34) which is at least partially circular segment-shaped, wherein the circular segment (29, 35) of the frame rests on a bearing (32, 36) of the pivoting device and is movable along the bearing by means of a drive device (31, 39) of the pivoting device.

19. Casting machine according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized by that when filling the melt (55), a sprue (14, 48) of the casting mold (10, 21, 43) is arranged on an inclined, horizontal or vertical side surface (13) of the casting mold.

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