Detection device comprising a detection panel having an electroactive layer

Abstract

A detection device comprising a detection panel having an electroactive layer. The detection device comprises a detection panel (12) including a reference conductive layer (14) defining a reference electrode (15), a first conductive layer (16) comprising first electrodes (18), a second conductive layer (20) comprising second electrodes (22), and one or more electroactive layers (24). Each of the first conductive layer (16) and the second conductive layer (20) is separated from the reference electrode (15) by an electroactive layer (24). In the view along the superposition direction (M), the first electrodes (18) and the second electrodes (22) intersect, defining crossings (26), and the reference electrode (15) extends opposite each first electrode (18) and opposite each second electrode (22). Figure for the abbreviation: Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Detection device comprising a detection panel having an electroactive layer

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of contact detection devices, and in particular impact detection.

[0002] It is possible to provide a detection device having a detection panel comprising a piezoelectric layer, first electrodes arranged on a first face of the piezoelectric layer and second electrodes arranged on a second face of the piezoelectric layer opposite to the first face, the first electrodes extending parallel along a first direction and the second electrodes extending parallel along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first electrodes and the second electrodes crossing in view along a superposition direction M forming intersections or crossings, each crossing defining a detection element.

[0003] The arrangement of the first and second electrodes defines a matrix of sensitive elements distributed over a detection surface. Each first electrode crosses each second electrode only once. Each detection element is defined by a respective electrode pair consisting of a first electrode and a second electrode.

[0004] In the event of contact of an object with the detection module at the right of a sensitive element defined by a crossing between a first electrode and a second electrode, the portion of the piezoelectric layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode undergoes a mechanical stress which makes an electrical potential difference appear between the first electrode and the second electrode due to the piezoelectric character of the piezoelectric layer.

[0005] The detection of the electrical potential difference between a particular first electrode and a second electrode using a measuring system makes it possible to determine the existence of a contact and to locate this contact as being situated at the intersection of the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0006] Such detection devices are disclosed for example in WO2014037016A1 and WO2023168044A1.

[0007] One of the aims of the invention is to provide a detection device whose accuracy in locating a contact can be improved.

[0008] To this end, the invention proposes a detection device comprising a detection panel having several superimposed layers along a superposition direction, the layers including: - a reference conductive layer defining a reference electrode, - a first conductive layer comprising first electrodes separated from each other, - a second conductive layer comprising second electrodes separated from each other, and - one or more electroactive layers,

[0009] in which each of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is separated from the reference electrode by an electroactive layer such that a mechanical stress experienced by the electroactive layer due to contact on the detection panel generates a voltage difference or a variation in electrical resistance between the reference electrode and at least one of the first electrodes and / or at least one of the second electrodes,

[0010] in which, viewed along the superposition direction, the first electrodes and the second electrodes intersect, defining crossings, and

[0011] in which, in view along the superposition direction, the reference electrode extends opposite each first electrode and opposite each second electrode.

[0012] The provision of a reference conductive layer extending opposite first electrodes and second electrodes defining crossings, with interposition of an electroactive layer between the reference conductive layer and each of the first conductive layer comprising the first electrodes and the second conductive layer comprising the second electrodes, makes it possible in the event of contact to detect a modification of the electrical properties of the electroactive layer(s) for contacts located opposite the crossings between the first and second electrodes and also for contacts located between the crossings, opposite the first electrodes without being opposite the second electrodes and / or opposite the second electrodes without being opposite the first electrodes.

[0013] In other words, the detection elements of the detection panel are defined by the areas located opposite the crossings between the first and second electrodes and furthermore by the areas located between the crossings opposite the first electrodes and / or opposite the second electrodes.

[0014] Thus, for the same electrode density, i.e., for the same number of first and second electrodes per unit area, it is possible to have a higher density of detection elements, i.e., a greater number of detection elements per unit area. This makes it possible to increase the localization accuracy of the detection device.

[0015] In particular embodiments, the detection device comprises one or more of the following optional features, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations:

[0016] - the detection panel comprises, successively according to the direction of superposition, the reference conductive layer, an electroactive layer, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer arranged above the first conductive layer;

[0017] - the detection panel includes insulating elements made of dielectric material interposed between the first electrodes and the second electrodes at the crossings between the first electrodes and the second electrodes to electrically isolate the second electrodes from the first electrodes at the crossings between the first electrodes and the second electrodes;

[0018] - the first electrodes and the second electrodes form a mesh of electrodes, the electroactive layer being interposed between the electrode mesh and the reference conductive layer;

[0019] - the detection panel comprises, successively according to the direction of superposition, the first conductive layer, a first electroactive layer, the reference conductive layer, a second electroactive layer and the second conductive layer;

[0020] - the first electrodes extend parallel to each other in a first direction perpendicular to the superposition direction and the second electrodes extend parallel along a second direction perpendicular to the superposition direction, the first direction and the second direction making a non-zero angle between them;

[0021] - the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular;

[0022] - the first electrodes extend in a straight line and / or the second electrodes extend in a straight line;

[0023] - the first electrodes extend in concentric circles around a center and the second electrodes extend radially from the center, or vice versa;

[0024] - the reference conductive layer has the shape of a solid sheet extending with regard to the entire detection area covered by the first and second electrodes;

[0025] - each electroactive layer is made of piezoelectric material or of material piezoresistive;

[0026] - each electroactive layer is formed of an electroactive film;

[0027] - each electroactive layer is essentially made, or made, in a fluorinated polymer comprising a repeating unit resulting from fluorine polymerization of vinylidene, and preferably in a polymer essentially consisting of, or consisting of, repeating units from the polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and vinylidene trifluoride (TrFE), the molar proportion in the polymer of the repeating unit from TrFE being 15% to 50% relative to the total number of moles of repeating units from VDF and TrFE;

[0028] - the detection device includes a measuring system configured to measure of the first voltages, each first voltage being measured between one of the first electrodes and the reference electrode and of the second voltages, each second voltage being measured between one of the second electrodes and the reference electrode;

[0029] - the detection device includes a location module configured for calculate the location of an impact point on the detection panel as a function of first voltages, each first voltage being measured between a respective first electrode and the reference electrode, and second voltages, each second voltage being measured between a respective second electrode and the reference electrode.

[0030] The invention also relates to a detection system comprising a detection device as defined above, the detection system further comprising:

[0031] - a display panel superimposed on the detection panel, the display panel being configured to display light signals and / or images, and / or

[0032] - a haptic feedback panel superimposed on the detection panel, the panel of haptic feedback comprising a plurality of actuators, for example piezoelectric actuators comprising a piezoelectric element capable of deforming under the effect of an electrical voltage applied to the piezoelectric element, each actuator being controllable to generate haptic feedback to a user touching the haptic feedback panel at the actuator.

[0033] In one embodiment, the display panel includes a matrix of light-emitting diodes and a display controller configured to control the lighting of the light-emitting diodes to display light signals and / or images.

[0034] The invention also relates to an article comprising a detection device as defined above or a detection system as defined above, the article being a piece of sports equipment, in particular a punching bag or punching bag cover or chest protector, a wall covering, in particular a floor mat, a striking instrument, in particular a racket, a stick, a golf club or a bat, a human-machine interface device, in particular a keyboard or a control and / or monitoring panel, an element having a surface intended to receive variable pressure, for example from a human being, in particular a device fall detection on the ground, an impact or support detection device on the ground, in particular a shoe sole.

[0035] The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a detection device as defined above, in which each of the electroactive layer(s), the reference conductive layer, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is obtained, independently of the other layers, by evaporation or printing, in particular by spin-coating, spray coating, bar coating, slot-die coating, dip coating, roll-to-roll printing, screen printing, flexographic printing, lithographic printing, electrospinning or inkjet printing.

[0036] The invention and its advantages will be better understood upon reading the following description, given solely by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0037] - [Fig. 1] [Fig. 1] is a schematic front view of a detection device comprising an electroactive layer situated between, on the one hand, a reference conductive layer and, on the other hand, a first conductive layer comprising first electrodes and a second conductive layer comprising second electrodes crossing the first electrodes;

[0038] - [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a schematic partial perspective view of the device detection of the [Fig.l] illustrating in particular a crossing between a first electrode and a second electrode;

[0039] - [Fig.3] [Fig.3] is a schematic front view of the detection device of the [Fig.l] illustrating an impact in a first impact zone centered on a crossing;

[0040] - [Fig.4] [Fig.4] is a graph illustrating measured tensions between, of a on the one hand, the reference conductive layer and, on the other hand, the first electrodes and the second electrodes, in the case of an impact such as illustrated in [Fig.3]

[0041] - [Fig.5] [Fig.5] is a schematic front view of the detection device the [Fig.l] illustrating an impact in a second impact zone covering four intersections arranged in a square;

[0042] - [Fig.6] [Fig.6] is a graph illustrating measured tensions between, of a on the one hand, the reference conductive layer and, on the other hand, the first electrodes and the second electrodes, in the case of an impact such as illustrated in [Fig.5];

[0043] - [Fig.7] [Fig.7] is a schematic front view of a detection device comprising a first electroactive layer and a second electroactive layer arranged on either side of a reference conductive layer, the first electroactive layer being arranged between the reference conductive layer and the first electrodes and the second reference conductive layer being located between the reference conductive layer and the second electrodes;

[0044] - [Fig.8] [Fig.8] is a schematic partial perspective view of an article equipped of a detection system comprising a detection device;

[0045] - [Fig.9] [Fig.9] is a schematic front view of a detection device comprising first radial electrodes and second concentric circular electrodes

[0046] - [Fig. 10] [Fig. 10] is a schematic front view of a detection device including radial first electrodes and concentric circular second electrodes according to a variant.

[0047] The detection device 10 of Figures 1 and 2 is configured for contact detection, and in particular impact detection.

[0048] The detection device 10 includes a multilayer detection panel 12 comprising several superimposed layers along a superposition direction M (perpendicular to the plane of [Fig.1]) and including a reference conductive layer 14 defining a reference electrode 15, a first conductive layer 16 comprising first electrodes 18 separated from each other, a second conductive layer 20 comprising second electrodes 22 separated from each other, and an electroactive layer 24.

[0049] The first electrodes 18 are separated. The first electrodes 18 are not electrically connected to each other. The first electrodes 18 are electrically insulated from each other. The first electrodes 18 may be at different electrical potentials.

[0050] Similarly, the second electrodes 22 are separated. The second electrodes 22 are not electrically connected to each other. The second electrodes 22 are electrically insulated from each other. The second electrodes 22 may be at different electrical potentials.

[0051] The first electrodes 18 are electrically isolated from the second electrodes 22.

[0052] The detection panel 12 preferably has a substrate layer 25 on which are superimposed the reference conductive layer 14, the first conductive layer 16, the second conductive layer 20, and the electroactive layer(s) 24.

[0053] Each of the first conductive layer 16 and the second conductive layer 20 is separated from the reference conductive layer 14 by an electroactive layer 24 such that a mechanical stress experienced by the electroactive layer 24 due to contact, in particular an impact, on the detection panel 12 generates a voltage difference or a variation in electrical resistance between the reference electrode 15 and at least one of the first electrodes 18 and / or at least one of the second electrodes 22.

[0054] The detection panel 12 defines a detection surface S, the detection device 10 enabling the detection of a contact with the detection surface S.

[0055] The reference electrode 15, the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 20 extend below the detection surface S.

[0056] In view along the superposition direction M ([Fig.l]), the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 cross by defining crossings 26.

[0057] Each first electrode 18 has first crossing portions 28, each first crossing portion 28 defining a crossing 26 with a respective second electrode 22, and first bonding portions 30, each first bonding portion 30 extending between two adjacent first crossing portions 28 of the first electrode 18 or between a first crossing portion 28 and an end of the first electrode 18 adjacent to that first crossing portion 28. The first crossing portions 28 and the first bonding portions 30 of each first electrode 18 alternate along the first electrode 18. Each first electrode 18 has, for example, at each of its two ends, a first bonding portion 30 extending between that end and the first crossing portion 28 adjacent to that end.

[0058] Each second electrode 22 has second crossing portions 32, each second crossing portion defining a crossing 26 with a respective first electrode 18, and second bonding portions 34, each second bonding portion 34 extending between two adjacent second crossing portions 32 or between a second crossing portion 32 and an end of the second electrode 22 adjacent to that second crossing portion 32. The second crossing portions 30 and the second bonding portions 34 of each second electrode 22 alternate along the second electrode 22. Each second electrode 28 has, for example, at each of its two ends, a second bonding portion 34 extending between that end and the second crossing portion 32 adjacent to that end.

[0059] In examples, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, each first crossing portion 28 is covered by a respective second crossing portion 32.

[0060] The first electrodes 18 extend for example parallel along a first extension direction TL. The first extension direction Tl is perpendicular to the superposition direction M. In other examples, the first electrodes 18 extend in a non-parallel manner, for example radially relative to a central point.

[0061] Each of the first electrodes 18 extends, for example, in a straight line. In other examples, each of the first electrodes 18 extends in a non-straight line, for example along a broken extension line, for example in a zig-zag pattern and / or along a curved extension line, for example wavy.

[0062] The second electrodes 22 extend, for example, parallel to each other along a second extension direction T2. ​​The first extension direction T2 is perpendicular to the superposition direction M. In other examples, the first electrodes 18 extend in a non-parallel manner, for example radially relative to a central point.

[0063] Each of the second electrodes 22 extends, for example, in a straight line. In other examples, each of the second electrodes 22 extends in a non-straight line, for example along a broken extension line, for example in a zig-zag pattern and / or along a curved extension line, for example wavy.

[0064] In examples, the first electrodes 18 extend parallel along a first direction T1 and the second electrodes 22 extend parallel along a second direction T2 making a non-zero angle with the first direction.

[0065] In particular examples, as illustrated in [Fig. 1], the first direction T1 and the second direction T2 are perpendicular. In view along the superposition direction M ([Fig. 1]), the reference electrode 15 extends opposite each first electrode 18 and opposite each second electrode 22.

[0066] The reference electrode 15 extends opposite each first electrode 18 along the entire length of this first electrode 18 and opposite each second electrode 22 along the entire length of this second electrode 22.

[0067] In view along the superposition direction M, each portion of each first electrode 18 is located opposite a portion of the reference electrode 15 and each portion of each second electrode 24 is located opposite a portion of the reference electrode 15.

[0068] In particular, in view along the superposition direction M ([Fig.1]), each of the first crossing portions 28 and the first bonding portions 30 of each first electrode 18 is located opposite a portion of the reference electrode 15, and each of the second crossing portions 32 and the second bonding portions 34 of each second electrode 22 is located opposite a portion of the reference electrode 15.

[0069] The reference electrode 15, positioned opposite each of the first electrodes 18 and each of the second electrodes 28, makes it possible to detect a voltage difference or a variation in electrical resistance between the reference electrode 15 and a first electrode 18 and / or a second electrode 22 during the application of a constraint on the detection panel 12 at the right of the first electrode 18 and / or the second electrode 22, due to the presence of the electroactive layer(s) 24.

[0070] Preferably, the reference electrode 15 extends at least over the projection of the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 on the reference conductive layer 14, in projection along the superposition direction M.

[0071] Even more preferably, the reference electrode 15 is more extensive than the projection of the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 onto the reference conductive layer 14, in projection along the superposition direction M.

[0072] This ensures satisfactory sensitivity of the detection device 12, taking into account in particular manufacturing tolerances.

[0073] In examples, in view along the superposition direction M ([Fig.1]), the reference electrode 15 extends over the entire extent of the reference conductive layer 14 which is covered by the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 12 and / or over the entire detection surface S defined by the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22.

[0074] In particular examples, as illustrated in [Fig. 1], the reference electrode 15 is a solid plate. It has no opening over its entire length.

[0075] Alternatively, the reference electrode 15 has the form of a grid, for example a grid formed of first bands, each extending opposite a respective first electrode 18 among the first electrodes 18, intersected with second bands, each extending opposite a respective second electrode among the second electrodes 22.

[0076] In a particular example, the reference electrode 15 corresponds to a projection of the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 along the superposition direction M.

[0077] As illustrated in [Fig.2], in examples, the detection panel 12 comprises, successively along the superposition direction M, the reference conductive layer 14, an electroactive layer 24, the first conductive layer 16 and the second conductive layer 20.

[0078] The electroactive layer 24 is interposed between, on the one hand, the reference conductive layer 14 and, on the other hand, the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22.

[0079] The second electrodes 22 are arranged on the first electrodes 18 by crossing the first electrodes 18.

[0080] The first electrodes 18 are electrically isolated from the second electrodes 22.

[0081] Preferably, the detection panel 12 comprises, at each intersection 26 defined by a first electrode 18 and a second electrode 22, an insulating element 36 made of dielectric material interposed between the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 22 to electrically isolate the second electrode 22 from the first electrode 18.

[0082] At each crossing 26 defined by a first electrode 18 and a second electrode 22, the insulating element 36 does not extend to each second bonding portion 34 of the second electrode 22 adjacent to the crossing 26, and preferably not to each first bonding portion 30 of the first electrode 18 adjacent to the crossing 26.

[0083] The electroactive layer 24 is in electrical contact with, on the one hand, the reference electrode 15 and, on the other hand, the first crossing portions 28 and the first bonding portions 30 of the first electrodes 18 and the second bonding portions 34 of the second electrodes 22, being electrically isolated from the second crossing portions 32 of the second electrodes 22 by the insulating elements 36.

[0084] As illustrated in [Fig.2], in the event of stress applied to the detection panel 12 at the crossing 26 (Arrow L1), a voltage difference is generated between the reference conductive layer 14 and the first electrode 18 due to the presence of the electroactive layer 24 interposed between the reference electrode 15 and the first electrode 18.

[0085] A voltage difference is not generated between the reference electrode 15 and the second electrode 18 due to the presence of the insulating element 34.

[0086] In the event of stress applied to the detection panel 12 at the right of a first portion of link 30 of the first electrode 18 adjacent to the crossing 26 (Arrows L2), a voltage difference is generated between the reference electrode 15 and the first 18 due to the presence of the electroactive layer 24 interposed between the reference electrode 15 and the first electrode 18.

[0087] In the event of stress applied to the detection panel 12 at the right of a second bonding portion 34 of the second electrode 22 adjacent to the crossing 26 (Arrows L3), a voltage difference is generated between the reference electrode 15 and the second electrode 22 due to the presence of the electroactive layer 24 interposed between the reference electrode 15 and the second bonding portions 34 of the second electrode 22.

[0088] Thus, such an arrangement makes it possible to determine the location of a stress applied to the detection panel 12, due to a contact, in particular an impact, on and around the crossings 26 as a function of voltage measured between the reference electrode 15, on the one hand, and the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 on the other hand.

[0089] In the examples, each electroactive layer 24 is made of piezoelectric material or piezoresistive material.

[0090] A piezoelectric material is a material that becomes electrically polarized when subjected to mechanical stress.

[0091] A piezoelectric material is capable of generating an electrical voltage between two electrical conductors arranged on either side of the piezoelectric material in the event of stress applied to the piezoelectric material, for example due to contact or impact.

[0092] The electrical voltage between the two electrical conductors is measurable using a voltage measurement system.

[0093] An electrical voltage between two conductors can be measured, for example, using a voltmeter.

[0094] A piezoresistive material exhibits an electrical resistance which varies according to a mechanical stress applied to the piezoresistive material.

[0095] A piezoresistive material is capable of varying an electrical resistance between two electrical conductors arranged on either side of the piezoresistive material in the event of stress applied to the piezoresistive material, for example due to contact or impact.

[0096] A variation in electrical resistance between the two electrical conductors is measured, for example, by applying a voltage between the two conductors and measuring a variation in the intensity of the electric current flowing between the two conductors or by passing an electric current of determined intensity between the two conductors and measuring a variation in the electrical voltage between the two conductors.

[0097] A variation in electrical resistance between two conductors can be measured, for example, using an ohmmeter.

[0098] Each conductive layer (reference conductive layer 14, first conductive layer 16 and second conductive layer 20) is for example formed of metal, in particular copper or silver, metal oxide, for example indium tin oxide, conductive ink, for example silver-based, metal nanowires, for example silver nanowires, conductive polymers, for example such as PEDOT:PSS, and / or graphene.

[0099] Each electroactive layer 24 is, for example, essentially made of a polymer comprising the repeating unit obtained from the polymerization of vinylidene fluoride. It is preferably made from a polymer essentially composed of repeating units obtained from the polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and vinylidene trifluoride (TrFE), the molar proportion in the polymer of the repeating unit obtained from TrFE being 15% to 50% relative to the total number of moles of repeating units obtained from VDF and TrFE.

[0100] In examples, the copolymer comprising the VDF and TrFE repeat units has a molar proportion of repeat motif from TrFE of 16% to 35%, preferably 17% to 32%, more preferably 18% to 27%, and extremely preferably 19% to 22%, relative to the total number of moles of motifs from VDF and TrFE.

[0101] The copolymer has, for example, a molar proportion of repeating motif from TrFE of about 20% relative to the total number of moles of motifs from VDF and TrFE.

[0102] Such a piezoelectric polymer is a thermoplastic. It is easily recyclable and is not a source of heavy metals, as are piezoelectric ceramics.

[0103] Such a copolymer crystallizes almost exclusively in the beta phase and thus possesses excellent ferroelectric properties. Conversely, below a molar proportion of 15% of the motif derived from TrFE or above a molar proportion of 50% of the motif derived from TrFE, the crystalline phase crystallizes much less well in the beta (ferroelectric) form.

[0104] The copolymer in the aforementioned VDF and TrFE proportion ranges is also soluble in a wider variety of solvents than PVDF, which allows it to be formulated as an ink and used easily in electronic printing techniques with ease and flexibility.

[0105] In examples, the copolymer comprises, in addition to the repeating motifs from VDF and TrFE, up to 1 mol% of at least one repeating motif from a monomer other than VDF and TrFE, the other monomer being chosen from the list consisting of: - a dialky lester of vinylphosphonic acid, in particular vinylphosphonic acid dimethyl ester or vinylphosphonic acid; - an acrylic or methacrylic monomer, in particular acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, (2-trifluoromethyl) acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxyethylhexyl acrylate, or hydroxyethyl hexyl methacrylate; - another fluorinated monomer, in particular vinyl fluoride (VF), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), a chlorofluoroethylene (CFE), a chlorodifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), dichlorodifluoroethylene, a trichlorofluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene (HFP), a trifluoropropene, a tetrafluoropropene, a chloro-trifluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, or a pentafluoropropene, a perfluoroether, in particular a perfluoroalkylvinyl ether; and, - a mixture of these.

[0106] According to some embodiments, the copolymer consists of repeating motifs from VDF and TrFE.

[0107] As illustrated in [Fig.1], the detection device 10 includes a measuring system 40 configured to measure the voltage and / or the intensity of a current between the reference electrode 15 and each of the first electrodes 18 and to measure the voltage between the reference electrode 15 and each of the second electrodes 22.

[0108] In examples, as illustrated in [Fig.1], the measuring system 40 includes, for example, a respective measuring device 42 for measuring the voltage and / or resistance between the reference electrode 15 and each of the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22.

[0109] In examples, the measuring system 40 includes a measuring device 42 for measuring the voltage and / or resistance between the reference electrode 15 and a plurality of electrodes among the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22, the measuring system 40 being configured for the connection of the measuring device 42 to the first electrodes 18 and second electrodes 22 in a determined sequence and cyclically to successively measure the voltage between the reference conductive layer 14 and each among the plurality of electrodes among the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22.

[0110] The plurality of electrodes includes, for example, the set of first electrodes 18 and second electrodes 22.

[0111] The measurement sequence is, for example, the successive measurement on the first electrodes 18 then on the second electrodes 22, the measurement sequence being repeated cyclically.

[0112] Each measuring device 42 is adapted according to whether the electroactive layer(s) 24 are made of piezoelectric material or piezoresistive material.

[0113] In the case of an electroactive layer 24 made of piezoelectric material, each measuring device 42 is, for example, a voltmeter. In the case of an electroactive layer 24 made of piezoresistive material, each measuring device 42 is, for example, an ohmmeter.

[0114] The first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 are, for example, electrically connected to the measuring system 40, in particular to the measuring device(s) 42, by connecting links 43.

[0115] The reference electrode 15 is connected to a reference potential, for example ground.

[0116] The measuring system 40 advantageously includes a locating module 44 configured to receive measurements taken by the measuring device(s) 42 and to determine, based on these measurements, the location of a contact, in particular an impact, on the detection panel 12 according to the voltage measurements between the reference electrode 15 and each of the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22.

[0117] The measurement system 40 includes, for example, a data processing unit 46 comprising a memory 48 and a processor 50, the localization module 44 being a software application stored in the memory 48 and executed by the processor 50.

[0118] Alternatively, the localization module 44 is a programmable logic circuit, in particular a Filed Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).

[0119] Depending on the location of a contact, in particular an impact, on the detection panel 12, the voltages measured between the reference electrode 15 and the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 will show different patterns.

[0120] In operation, the measuring system 40 measures the electrical quantity (in particular the voltage difference or the variation in electrical resistance) between the reference electrode 15 and each of the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22.

[0121] The measurement is made for example simultaneously on all the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 or sequentially and cyclically.

[0122] The location module 44 receives the measurements and determines the location of the contact area on the detection panel 12 according to the measurements taken.

[0123] Fig. 3 illustrates an example of a contact occurring in a circular contact zone ZI centered on a crossing 26 between a first electrode 18 and a second electrode 22 and extending over the first bond portions 30 and the second bond portions 34 adjacent to this crossing 26.

[0124] The stress exerted on the detection panel 12, and in particular on the electroactive layer 24, decreases from the center of the contact zone ZI towards the periphery of the contact zone ZI and even beyond the periphery of the contact zone ZI.

[0125] The first electrodes 18 are referenced from A1 to F1 from top to bottom and the second electrodes 22 are referenced from A2 to F2 from left to right. The contact is centered here at the intersection 26 between the first electrode B1 and the second electrode C2.

[0126] Fig. 4 illustrates the voltage measurements taken by the measuring system 40 between the reference electrode 15 and the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 in the case of a contact as illustrated in Fig. 3.

[0127] For the first electrodes 18, the measured voltage is maximum for the first electrode 18 referenced B1 and for the second electrode 22, the measured voltage is maximum for the second electrode 22 referenced C2.

[0128] The first electrodes 18 are more sensitive than the second electrodes 22 because the second electrodes 22 are isolated from the electroactive layer 24 at the crossings 26.

[0129] Thus, although the contact area ZI is centered on the crossing 26 between the first electrode 18 referenced B1 and the second electrode 22 referenced C2, the voltage measured on the first electrode 18 referenced B is greater than the voltage measured on the second electrode 22 referenced C2. The contact area ZI is centered on the second portion of the crossing 32 of the second electrode 22 referenced C2 which is electrically isolated from the electroactive layer 24 by an insulating element 36, but the contact area ZI extends to the second bonding portions 34 of the second electrode 22 referenced C2, so that a voltage is indeed measured between the reference electrode 15 and this second electrode 22 referenced C2.

[0130] As illustrated in [Fig.4], voltage peaks on a first electrode 18 and a second electrode 22 defining a crossing 26 indicate that the contact is located on this crossing.

[0131] In addition, stresses appear in the electroactive layer 24 at the periphery of the contact zone Zl.

[0132] In the example illustrated in [Fig.3], such constraints appear at the portions of the first electrodes 18 referenced Al and Cl identified by black dots and at the portions of the second electrodes 22 referenced B2 and D2 identified by black dots.

[0133] As illustrated in [Fig.4], the voltages measured on the first electrodes 18 referenced Al and Cl are higher than those measured on the first electrodes 18 referenced Dl, El and Fl and the voltages measured on the second electrodes 22 referenced B2 and C2 are higher than those measured on the second electrodes 22 referenced A2, E2 and F2.

[0134] Fig. 5 illustrates another example of a contact occurring in a circular contact zone Z2 centered on a region delimited by two first electrodes 18 referenced Bl, Cl and two second electrodes 22 referenced B2, C2.

[0135] The second contact zone Z2 covers four crossings 26 defined by the first two electrodes 18 referenced B1, Cl and the second two electrodes 22 referenced B2, C2, a first bonding portion 30 of each of the first two electrodes 18 referenced B1, Cl and a second bonding portion 34 of each of the second two electrodes 22 referenced B2, C2.

[0136] Fig. 6 illustrates the voltage measurements taken by the measuring system 40 between the reference conductive layer 14 and the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 in the case of a contact as illustrated in Fig. 5.

[0137] For the first electrodes 18, a higher voltage is measured for the first two electrodes 18 referenced Bl, Cl compared to the other first electrodes 18 referenced Al, Dl, El, Fl, and for the second two electrodes 22, a higher voltage is measured for the second electrodes 22 referenced B2, C2 compared to the other second electrodes 22 referenced A2, D2, E2, F2.

[0138] As illustrated in [Fig.6], higher voltages on adjacent first electrodes 18 mean that the contact area is distributed over these first electrodes 18 and higher voltages on second electrodes 22 mean that the contact area is distributed over these second electrodes 22.

[0139] The first electrodes 18 are more sensitive than the second electrodes 22 because the second electrodes 22 are isolated from the electroactive layer at the crossings 26.

[0140] Thus, although the contact area Z2 covers four crossings 26 defined by the first two electrodes 18 referenced Bl, Cl and the second two electrodes 22 referenced B2, C2, the voltage measured on the first electrodes 18 referenced Bl, Cl is greater than the voltage measured on the second electrodes 22 referenced B2, C2.

[0141] In addition, stresses appear in the electroactive layer 24 at the periphery of the contact zone Z2.

[0142] In the example illustrated in [Fig.5], such constraints appear at the portions of the first electrodes 18 referenced Bl and Cl identified by black dots and at the portions of the second electrodes 22 referenced B2 and C2 identified by black dots.

[0143] As illustrated in [Fig.6], only the voltages measured on the first electrodes 18 referenced Bl, Cl are significantly higher than those measured on the other first electrodes 18 referenced Al, Dl, El and Fl and only the voltages measured on the second electrodes 22 referenced B2 and C2 are significantly higher than those measured on the second electrodes 22 referenced A2, D2, E2 and F2.

[0144] Thus, as illustrated by means of two particular examples in Figures 3 to 6, the detection device 10 allows precise detection of a contact area on the detection panel 12, allowing in particular detection at crossings 26 between the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22, and between the crossings 26, more precisely at the points of bond portions (first bond portions 30 and second bond portions 32) of the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 extending between the crossings 26.

[0145] In examples, as illustrated in [Fig. 7], the detection panel 12 comprises, successively along the superposition direction M, the first layer conductive 16, a first electroactive layer 24, the reference conductive layer 14, a second electroactive layer 24 and the second conductive layer 20.

[0146] The reference conductive layer 14 is interposed or sandwiched between the first electroactive layer 24 and the second electroactive layer 24, this assembly being itself interposed or sandwiched between the first conductive layer 16 (on the side of the first electroactive layer 24) and the second conductive layer 20 (on the side of the second electroactive layer 24).

[0147] Preferably, the first electroactive layer 24 and the second electroactive layer 24 are of the same type (piezoelectric or piezoresistive). In some examples, the first electroactive layer 24 and the second electroactive layer 24 are piezoelectric. Alternatively, the first electroactive layer 24 and the second electroactive layer 24 are piezoresistive.

[0148] Preferably, the first electroactive layer 24 and the second electroactive layer 24 have the same thickness. The thickness is taken along the superposition direction M.

[0149] Such a configuration allows the detection of a contact all along each first electrode 18 and all along each second electrode 22, which can further improve the accuracy of detection, in particular compared to an embodiment such as that of [Fig.2] in which the crossing portion 32 of each second electrode 22 is electrically isolated from the underlying electroactive layer 24 and therefore inactive for the detection of a contact, in particular an impact.

[0150] As illustrated in [Fig.8], a detection system 51 includes, for example, the detection device 10 and furthermore a display panel 52 superimposed on the detection panel 12, the display panel 52 being configured to display light signals and / or images.

[0151] The display panel 52 includes, for example, a display substrate 54 carrying light sources 56 distributed on the display substrate 54, for example in a matrix arrangement. The light sources 56 are, for example, light-emitting diodes.

[0152] Such a display panel 52 allows for the display of light signals and / or images, in particular as a function of contacts detected by the detection device 10 or for the display of light signals and / or images to encourage a user to touch or strike a particular area of ​​the detection system 51.

[0153] As an alternative or option, the detection system 51 includes a haptic feedback panel 62 superimposed on the detection panel 12 to provide haptic feedback to a user touching the detection system 12.

[0154] The haptic feedback panel 62 includes, for example, a haptic feedback substrate 64 carrying a plurality of actuators 66, for example piezoelectric actuators each comprising a piezoelectric element capable of deforming under the effect of an electrical voltage applied to the piezoelectric element, each actuator 66 being controllable to generate haptic feedback to a user touching the haptic feedback panel 62 at the actuator 66.

[0155] The actuators 66 are for example distributed in a matrix manner on the haptic feedback substrate 64.

[0156] Activating each actuator 66 allows a depression or bump to be generated on a surface of the detection system 51. Several actuators 66 can be actuated simultaneously to jointly generate a depression or bump extending over an area larger than that of each of said actuators 66.

[0157] The detection system 51 includes, for example, a support 70, the detection panel 12, and optionally the display panel 52 and / or the haptic feedback panel 62 being arranged on the support 70 in superposition.

[0158] The haptic feedback panel 62 is preferably arranged on top of the detection panel 12.

[0159] The display panel 52 is preferably arranged above the detection panel 12, and, where appropriate, above the haptic feedback panel 62.

[0160] In the example illustrated in [Fig.8], a haptic feedback panel 62 is arranged over the detection panel 12 and a display panel 52 is arranged over the haptic feedback panel 62.

[0161] The detection system 52 optionally includes a protective layer 72 covering the detection panel 12, and, where applicable, the display panel 52 and / or the haptic feedback panel 62. The protective layer 72 is preferably transparent or translucent, particularly when the detection system 51 includes a display panel 52, so as to allow the light signals and / or images generated by the display panel 52 to be seen through the protective layer 72.

[0162] According to one aspect, an article 80 is equipped with a detection system 52, including the detection device 10 and optionally one or more of the display panel 52, the haptic feedback panel 62 and the protective layer 72, the support 70 being for example a component of the article.

[0163] Article 80 is for example sports equipment, in particular a punching bag or a punching bag cover or a chest protector intended to protect an opponent.

[0164] In such a case, the detection device 10 makes it possible to detect the impact zones on which the user strikes during a training session. When a display panel 52 is provided, the latter makes it possible, for example, to illuminate the striking zones of article 80, so that the user strikes on these striking zones.

[0165] In combination with the detection device 10 this allows exercises to be carried out in which areas to be struck light up; the user must strike these areas to be struck, the detection device 10 allowing validation that an area to be struck has actually been struck, possibly also detecting the force of the strike.

[0166] This allows the user to work on their reflexes, striking accuracy and / or striking power.

[0167] Article 80 is for example a wall covering, in particular a floor covering, a wall covering or a ceiling covering.

[0168] Such an article 80 makes it possible to detect contacts, in particular impacts, on the wall. A floor mat or floor covering equipped with a contact detection device is, for example, usable for sports, in particular judo, or for detecting falls among the elderly.

[0169] When a display panel is provided, the article allows, for example, the display of images and / or the illumination of areas of interest on the wall, possibly in an image displayed on the wall.

[0170] Such an article 80 can be used for example as sports equipment, for example when the article 80 is a mat, to analyze the falling technique of an athlete practicing a combat sport, or when the article is a wall covering, for example a tennis training wall or a squash wall.

[0171] In the latter case, when a display panel 52 is provided, it is possible to illuminate target areas and detect whether the user manages to reach these target areas.

[0172] This allows the user to work on their typing accuracy.

[0173] Article 80 is, for example, an instrument for striking an object such as a racket, in particular a tennis racket, a badminton racket, a padel racket, a ping-pong racket, a baseball bat, an ice hockey stick, a field hockey stick, or a golf club. The object to be struck is, for example, a ball or a shuttlecock.

[0174] In this case, the detection device 10 equipping article 80 makes it possible, for example, to detect the accuracy of the user's typing.

[0175] Article 80 is for example a human-machine interface, in particular a control and / or operating panel or a keyboard.

[0176] In this case, the detection device 10 equipping article 80 makes it possible, for example, to detect when the user touches control areas of article 80 defined as control elements, such as control buttons or control sliders.

[0177] When a display panel 52 is provided, it allows, for example, the display of command areas. The command areas can be dynamic, i.e., vary from one moment to the next, for example, depending on the page currently being displayed of a plurality of pages of a graphical user interface.

[0178] In such a case, a haptic feedback panel 62 can be used to provide haptic feedback to the user, for example to highlight in relief or in projection (bump) one or more control areas, possibly in conjunction with their dynamic display, and / or to give a haptic indication to the user, for example to confirm that the correct detection of a touch by the user on a control area.

[0179] Article 80 is for example an element having a surface intended to receive variable pressure, for example from a human being, in particular a fall detection device on the ground, an impact or support detection device on the ground, in particular a shoe sole.

[0180] A shoe sole equipped with a contact detection device makes it possible, for example, to analyze the ground contact of a foot or the stride of an individual, for example to choose a particular shoe or to design an orthopedic insole.

[0181] A method for manufacturing a detection device 10 includes, for example, obtaining each electroactive layer 24, for example in the form of a film or by deposition, for example by evaporation or printing, in particular by spin-coating, spray coating, bar coating, slot die coating, dip coating, roll-to-roll printing, screen printing, flexographic printing, lithographic printing, electrospinning, or inkjet printing.

[0182] A method for manufacturing a detection device 10 includes, for example, obtaining each of the reference conductive layer 14, the first conductive layer 16 and the second conductive layer 20, by evaporation or printing, in particular by spin-coating, spray coating, bar coating, slot die coating, dip coating, roll-to-roll printing, screen printing, flexographic printing, lithographic printing, electrospinning or inkjet printing.

[0183] The electroactive layer(s) 24, the reference conductive layer 14, the first conductive layer 16 and the second conductive layer 20 are manufactured independently using the manufacturing techniques indicated for each of these layers.

[0184] The term "independently" means that two separate layers are manufactured using the same manufacturing technique or using two different manufacturing techniques.

[0185] In examples, each of the layers is manufactured with a respective manufacturing technique different from the manufacturing technique used for each other among the layers.

[0186] In examples, at least two of the layers are manufactured using different manufacturing techniques.

[0187] In examples, each of the layers is manufactured with a respective manufacturing technique different from the manufacturing technique used for each other among the layers.

[0188] Each electroactive layer 24 is for example deposited by printing on a substrate layer 25, for example by screen printing, possibly after the prior deposition of a conductive layer on the substrate layer 25.

[0189] The deposition of at least one or each of the conductive layers (reference conductive layer 14, first conductive layer 16 and second conductive layer 20) is carried out for example by evaporation or printing, of metal, metal oxide, for example indium-tin oxide, conductive ink, for example silver-based, metal nanowires, for example silver nanowires, conductive polymers, for example such as PEDOT:PSS, or graphene.

[0190] The printing of the conductive layers is for example carried out by screen printing.

[0191] In one embodiment, a manufacturing process for a detection device 10 such as that of Figures 1 and 2 comprises successively the deposition of the reference conductive layer 14 on the substrate layer 25, then the deposition of the electroactive layer 24 on the reference conductive layer 14, then the deposition of the first conductive layer 16 on the electroactive layer 24, then the deposition of the insulating elements 36 on the first conductive layer 16, then the deposition of the second conductive layer 20 on the electroactive layer 24.

[0192] In one embodiment, a manufacturing process for a detection device 10 such as that of [Fig.7] successively comprises the deposition of the first conductive layer 16 on a substrate layer 25, then the deposition of an electroactive layer 24 on the first conductive layer 16, then the deposition of the reference conductive layer on the electroactive layer 24, then the deposition of the other electroactive layer 24 on the reference conductive layer, then the deposition of the second conductive layer 20 on the other electroactive layer 24.

[0193] Thanks to the invention, it is possible to have a contact detection device, in particular an impact detection device, that allows for the precise detection of contacts on a detection surface. The detection device remains simple to produce. It can be used in conjunction with a display panel and / or a haptic feedback panel, which makes it possible to obtain a variety of products, in particular sporting goods or human-machine interface products.

[0194] The invention is not limited to the examples and variants described above, other examples and other variants being conceivable.

[0195] The first electrodes 18 are not necessarily parallel to each other. The second electrodes 22 are not necessarily parallel to each other. The first electrodes 18 are not necessarily perpendicular to the second electrodes 22 in view along the superposition direction M.

[0196] In examples, the first electrodes 18 are parallel non-straight and / or the second electrodes 22 are parallel and non-straight.

[0197] The first 18 parallel and non-straight electrodes have, for example, the shape of wavy or zig-zag parallel lines in view along the superposition direction M.

[0198] Second electrodes 22 parallel and non-straight have for example the shape of parallel wavy or zig-zag lines in view along the superposition direction M.

[0199] In examples, the first electrodes 18 are non-parallel and / or non-straight and / or the second electrodes 22 are non-parallel and non-parallel and / or non-straight.

[0200] In some examples, the first electrodes 18 extend along circular arcs or concentric circles centered on a center, and / or the second electrodes 22 extend along lines radiating from the center. The first electrodes 18 are, for example, circular arcs or circumferentially undulating circles. The second electrodes 22 extend radially, for example, in a straight line or in a wavy or zigzag pattern along the radial lines.

[0201] In some examples, the second electrodes 22 extend along arcs of circles or concentric circles centered on a center, and / or the first electrodes 18 extend along lines radiating from the center. The second electrodes 22 are, for example, arcs of circles or circumferentially undulating circles. The first electrodes 18 extend radially, for example, in a straight line or in a wavy or zigzag pattern along the radial lines.

[0202] In examples, first electrodes 18 or second electrodes 22 extend in non-closed concentric arcs of circles, i.e. over an angular extent strictly less than 360° around the center of the arcs of circles, these first electrodes 18 or these second electrodes 22 being preferably interrupted in a given angular sector of the first conductive layer 16 or the second conductive layer 20.

[0203] This makes it possible to provide in the given angular sector of the first conductive layer 16 or the second conductive layer 20 whose electrodes extend in concentric arcs of circles, a passage without electrode allowing the passage of connecting links 43, in particular from the electrode or electrodes near the center to the periphery of the conductive layer, for connection to the measuring system 40.

[0204] This is particularly advantageous when the conductive layer in question is formed by printing, the connection link(s) 43 being able to be easily made during the printing steps.

[0205] In the example illustrated in [Fig. 9], the first electrodes 18 extend along lines radiating from a center, and the second electrodes 22 extend along concentric circles centered on the center. The second electrodes 22 are, for example, circles. The first electrodes 18 extend radially in a straight line.

[0206] The example illustrated in [Fig. 10] differs from that in [Fig. 9] in that the second electrodes 22 extend in unclosed circular arcs, interrupted in an angular sector (on the right in [Fig. 10]) to allow the passage of the connecting links 43 from the center to the periphery.

[0207] On [Fig. 10], the second electrode 22 closest to the center is also an interrupted circular arc.

[0208] Alternatively, the second electrode 22 closest to the center is a circle, i.e., a closed circular arc. The passage for the connecting links 43 remains in this case between the second electrode 22 closest to the center and the periphery of the second conductive layer.

[0209] In such examples, the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 are arranged for example in a similar manner to that illustrated in [Fig.2], i.e. with the first electrodes 18 on the electroactive layer 24 and the second electrodes 22 arranged on the first electrodes 18, preferably with interposition of insulating elements 36 at the crossings 26.

[0210] Alternatively, the first electrodes 18 and the second electrodes 22 are, for example, arranged in a manner similar to that illustrated in [Fig.7], with two electroactive layers 24 located on either side of the conductive layer of reference 14, the first electrodes 18 being arranged on one of the two electroactive layers 24 and the second electrodes 22 being arranged on the other of the two electroactive layers 24.

Claims

Demands

1. Detection device comprising a detection panel (12) having several superimposed layers along a superposition direction, the layers including: - a reference conductive layer (14) defining a reference electrode (15), - a first conductive layer (16) comprising first electrodes (18) separated from each other, - a second conductive layer (20) comprising second electrodes (22) separated from each other, and - one or more electroactive layers (24);in which each of the first conductive layer (16) and the second conductive layer (20) is separated from the reference electrode by an electroactive layer (24) such that a mechanical stress experienced by the electroactive layer (24) due to contact on the detection panel generates a voltage difference or a variation in electrical resistance between the reference electrode (15) and at least one of the first electrodes (18) and / or at least one of the second electrodes (22); in which, in view along the superposition direction (M), the first electrodes (18) and the second electrodes (22) cross by defining crossings (26); and in which, in view along the superposition direction (M), the reference electrode (15) extends opposite each first electrode (18) and opposite each second electrode (22).

2. Detection device according to claim 1, in which the detection panel (12) comprises, successively along the superposition direction (M), the reference conductive layer (14), an electroactive layer (24), the first conductive layer (16) and the second conductive layer (20) disposed above the first conductive layer (16).

3. A detection device according to claim 2, wherein the detection panel (12) comprises insulating elements (36) of dielectric material interposed between the first electrodes (18) and the second electrodes (22) at the intersections (26) between the first electrodes (18) and the second electrodes (22) for electrically isolate the second electrodes (22) from the first electrodes (18) at the crossings (26) between the first electrodes (18) and the second electrodes (22).

4. A detection device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first electrodes (18) and the second electrodes (22) form an electrode mesh, the electroactive layer (24) being interposed between the electrode mesh and the reference conductive layer (14).

5. Detection device according to claim 1, wherein the detection panel (12) comprises, successively along the superposition direction (M), the first conductive layer (16), a first electroactive layer (24), the reference conductive layer (14), a second electroactive layer (24) and the second conductive layer (20).

6. A detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first electrodes (18) extend parallel along a first direction (T1) perpendicular to the superposition direction (M) and the second electrodes (22) extend parallel along a second direction (T2) perpendicular to the superposition direction (M), the first direction (T1) and the second direction (T2) making a non-zero angle between them.

7. Detection device according to claim 6, wherein the first direction (T1) and the second direction (T2) are perpendicular.

8. A detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first electrodes (18) extend in a straight line and / or the second electrodes (22) extend in a straight line.

9. A detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first electrodes (18) extend in concentric circles around a center and the second electrodes (22) extend radially from the center, or vice versa.

10. A detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference conductive layer (14) has the form of a solid sheet extending opposite the entire detection area covered by the first electrodes (18) and the second electrodes (22).

11. A detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each electroactive layer (24) is made of piezoelectric material or piezoresistive material.

12. A detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each electroactive layer (24) is formed of an electroactive film.

13. A detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each electroactive layer (24) is essentially made, or made, of a fluorinated polymer comprising a repeating unit from the polymerization of vinylidene fluoride, and preferably of a polymer essentially made up of, or made up of, repeating units from the polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and vinylidene trifluoride (TrFE), the molar proportion in the polymer of the repeating unit from TrFE being 15% to 50% relative to the total number of moles of repeating units from VDF and TrFE.

14. A detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a measuring system (40) configured to measure first voltages, each first voltage being measured between one of the first electrodes (18) and the reference electrode (15) and second voltages, each second voltage being measured between one of the second electrodes (22) and the reference electrode (15).

15. A detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a localization module (44) configured to calculate the location of an impact point on the detection panel (12) as a function of first voltages, each first voltage being measured between a respective first electrode (18) and the reference electrode (15), and second voltages, each second voltage being measured between a respective second electrode (22) and the reference electrode (15).

16. A detection system comprising a detection device according to any one of the preceding claims, the detection system further comprising: - a display panel (52) superimposed on the detection panel (12), the display panel (52) being configured to display light signals and / or images, and / or - a haptic feedback panel (62) superimposed on the detection panel (12), the haptic feedback panel comprising a plurality of actuators (66), for example piezoelectric actuators comprising a piezoelectric element capable of deforming under the effect of an electrical voltage applied to the piezoelectric element, each actuator (66) being controllable to generate haptic feedback to a user touching the haptic feedback panel (62) at the actuator (66).

17. A detection system according to claim 16, wherein the display panel (52) comprises a matrix of light-emitting diodes (56) and a display controller configured to control the lighting of the light-emitting diodes (56) to display light signals and / or images.

18. Article comprising a detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 15 or a detection system according to any one of claims 16 and 17, the article being sports equipment, in particular a punching bag or punching bag cover or chest protector, wall covering, in particular a floor mat, striking instrument, in particular a racket, stick, golf club or bat, human-machine interface device, in particular a keyboard or control and / or operating panel, an element having a surface intended to receive variable pressure, for example from a human being, in particular a fall detection device, an impact or support detection device, in particular a shoe sole.

19. A method of manufacturing a detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein each of the electroactive layer(s) (24), the reference conductive layer (14), the first conductive layer (16), and the second conductive layer (20) is obtained, independently of the other layers, by evaporation or printing, in particular by spin-coating or spraying or atomization ("spray coating"), by coating in particular with a bar or film puller ("bar coating"), by coating with a slotted head ("slot die"), by immersion ("dip coating"), by roll-to-roll printing, by screen printing, by flexographic printing, by lithographic printing, by electrospinning or by inkjet printing

Images