Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, imaging device having the same, electronic device, lighting device, and moving object

Abstract

To provide a light-emitting element that reduces unintended optical interference distance light reflection and improves color purity.SOLUTION: A light-emitting element includes, in this order, a first reflective layer 110, an organic layer 119 having a first light-emitting layer, and an upper electrode 120, and the first reflective layer or the upper electrode has a first region 150 that reflects light of the first light-emitting layer and a second region 151 different from the first region. The second region has an uneven structure on the surface facing the first light-emitting layer, and the width of the recesses in the uneven structure is equal to or less than half the wavelength of the light of the first light-emitting layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a light-emitting element and a light-emitting device having improved color purity by optimizing a resonator structure, and an imaging device, an electronic device, a lighting device, and a mobile object having the same. [Background technology]

[0002] An organic light-emitting device (hereinafter also referred to as OLED) is a device that emits light by passing a current through an organic EL (electroluminescence) layer that includes an anode, a cathode, and a light-emitting layer disposed between these electrodes. Organic light-emitting devices are used in a variety of display devices due to their characteristics of high freedom in shape, light weight, and high color rendering compared to conventional display devices. They are being actively developed to be used in further application products, but it is known that it is difficult to achieve high brightness with organic light-emitting devices compared to conventional display devices, and technology to achieve high brightness is required.

[0003] Patent Document 1 describes a display light device having a resonator structure, and discloses that the reflectance of the electrode at the periphery of the electrode of the resonator structure is lower than the reflectance of the electrode region corresponding to the electroluminescent layer, so that optical interference light of different conditions at the periphery of the electrode is not extracted. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2022-054048 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Patent Document 1 describes a method for reducing the reflectance at the periphery of the electrode by reducing the crystallinity of the region. It also describes a method for reducing the surface roughness of the periphery to reduce diffuse reflection of light. However, there is room for improvement in improving color purity by reducing reflection at the periphery of the electrode using this configuration.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element that reduces unintended reflection of light at optical interference distances and improves color purity. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] One embodiment of the present invention provides a light-emitting element having, in this order, a reflective layer, an organic layer having an emitting layer, and an upper electrode, wherein the reflective layer has a first region that reflects light of the emitting layer and a second region different from the first region, the second region has a concave-convex structure on the surface facing the emitting layer, and the width of a concave portion in the concave-convex structure is equal to or less than half the wavelength of light from the emitting layer. Effect of the Invention

[0008] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a light-emitting device that reduces unintended reflection of light at an optical interference distance and improves color purity. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a first light-emitting element, (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a second light-emitting element, (d) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a third light-emitting element, and (e) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of another form of the light-emitting element. [Diagram 2] 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an uneven structure in a second region of a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Diagram 3](a) A schematic cross-sectional view showing an example in which a reflective layer of a light-emitting element according to the present embodiment has a first region and a second region, (b) A schematic cross-sectional view showing an example in which an upper electrode of a light-emitting element according to the present embodiment has a first region and a second region, (c) A schematic cross-sectional view showing an example in which both a reflective layer and an upper electrode of a light-emitting element according to the present embodiment have a first region and a second region, and (d) A schematic cross-sectional view showing an example in which a reflective layer of a light-emitting element according to the present embodiment has a first region and a second region. [Figure 4] 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a color filter of the light-emitting element according to the embodiment, FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical member of the light-emitting element according to the embodiment, and FIG. 1C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the light-emitting element according to the embodiment having both a color filter and an optical member. [Diagram 5] 3A to 3C are plan views showing an example of an arrangement of light-emitting elements according to the present embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a foldable display device. [Figure 9] 1A is a schematic diagram showing an example of an illumination device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing an example of an automobile having a vehicle lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] 1A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a wearable device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing an example of a wearable device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the wearable device having an imaging device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] A light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention is a light-emitting element having, in this order, a first reflective layer, an organic layer having a first light-emitting layer, and an upper electrode, wherein the first reflective layer or the upper electrode has a first region that reflects light of the first light-emitting layer and a second region different from the first region, the second region has a concave-convex structure on the surface facing the first light-emitting layer, and the width of the concaves in the concave-convex structure is equal to or less than half the wavelength of the light of the light-emitting layer.

[0011] The light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention has a first region in the first reflective layer or upper electrode that reflects light from the light-emitting layer, and a second region having a concave-convex structure on the surface on the light-emitting layer side. The width of the concaves in the concave-convex structure is less than half the wavelength of the light from the light-emitting layer, so that it can function as a polarizer. The concave-convex structure may be a repeating structure, but manufacturing errors are allowed. The second region of the reflective layer functions as a polarizer, so that reflected light can be reduced, and the color purity of the light-emitting device can be improved. This is because the light reflected in the second region can become interference light with an unintended optical distance, so that factors that reduce color purity can be reduced.

[0012] Here, the width of the recess is preferably 1 / 3 or less, more preferably 1 / 20 or less, of the wavelength of the light from the light emitting layer. The depth of the recess is preferably 1 / 2 or more, more preferably 2 / 3 or more, of the reflective layer. More specifically, it may be 100 nm or more, 300 nm or more. It may be a depth not exceeding 4 / 5 of the thickness of the reflective layer. The aspect ratio of the recess is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.7 or more. The upper limit may be 2.0.

[0013] In this specification, an organic layer having a light-emitting layer is used for the light-emitting element, but a light-emitting element using an inorganic layer may also be used. In the following embodiment, since an organic layer is used for the light-emitting element, the light-emitting element can be called an organic light-emitting element. In addition, when a plurality of light-emitting elements are included, the light-emitting device may be called a light-emitting device, and the light-emitting device may be called an organic light-emitting device depending on the form of the light-emitting layer, similar to the light-emitting element.

[0014] A light emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element disposed adjacent to the first light emitting element and emitting light different from that of the first light emitting element. The second light emitting element includes a second reflective layer, an organic layer having a second light emitting layer, and an upper electrode, in this order, and the second reflective layer or the upper electrode includes a first region that reflects light from the second light emitting layer and a second region different from the first region.

[0015] The second region may have a concave-convex structure on the surface on the second light-emitting layer side, and the width of the concaves in the concave-convex structure may be different from the width of the concaves in the first reflective layer. This is because the second light-emitting element has a different emission wavelength from the first light-emitting element, and therefore the width of the concaves for reducing the reflectance is different from that of the first light-emitting element.

[0016] For example, the wavelength of light emitted by the second light-emitting element may be longer than the wavelength of light emitted by the first light-emitting element, in which case the width of the recess of the second light-emitting element is greater than the width of the recess of the first light-emitting element.

[0017] In the light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention, the reflective layer may have a role of injecting charges into the organic layer, or a transparent electrode may be provided between the reflective layer and the organic layer, and this transparent electrode may have a role of injecting charges into the organic layer. Here, the reflective layer of the first light-emitting element may be called the first reflective layer, and the transparent electrode of the first light-emitting element may be called the first transparent electrode. Similarly, the reflective layer of the second light-emitting element may be called the second reflective layer, and the transparent electrode of the second light-emitting element may be called the second transparent electrode.

[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] 1(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to this embodiment. An element isolation region 102 is provided on a semiconductor substrate 101, and a transistor is provided between the element isolation regions. The transistor has a gate electrode 103 and a source / drain region 104. A first interlayer insulating layer 105 is provided on the transistor, and a second interlayer insulating layer is provided. A first wiring 107 is provided between the first interlayer insulating layer and the second interlayer insulating layer.

[0020] Pixels 901 including light-emitting elements are disposed on the second interlayer insulating layer. The pixels are described as a blue light-emitting pixel 901B, a green light-emitting pixel 901G, and a red light-emitting pixel 901R according to the color of light they emit.

[0021] The light-emitting element included in the pixel has a reflective layer 110, an optical adjustment layer 114, a transparent electrode 115, an insulating layer 118, an organic layer 119 including a light-emitting layer, and an upper electrode 120. The insulating layer 118 defines a light-emitting region of the light-emitting element, and the transparent electrode 115 and the organic layer 119 are in contact with each other at an opening of the insulating layer. The organic layer 119 in contact with the transparent electrode 119 is injected with electric charges and emits light. On the other hand, the organic layer 119 in contact with the insulating layer 118 is configured not to emit light because it is difficult to inject electric charges. The insulating layer 118 may have a groove on the surface of the insulating layer 118 on the organic layer 119 side in order to reduce the electric charges injected into the blue light-emitting pixel 901B from being injected into the green light-emitting pixel 901G through the organic layer. The groove reduces the thickness of the organic layer 119, and increases the electrical resistance from the blue light-emitting pixel 901B to the green light-emitting pixel 901G. Increasing the electrical resistance from the blue light-emitting pixel 901B to the green light-emitting pixel 901G can reduce the leakage current called inter-pixel leakage and improve the color purity of the light-emitting element. This means that unintended light emission does not occur, and the color purity of the light-emitting element does not decrease.

[0022] The optical adjustment layer 114 may have a first optical adjustment layer 111, a second optical adjustment layer 112, and a third optical adjustment layer 113. In order to change the optical distance of the optical adjustment layer depending on the emission color of the pixel, the first light-emitting element included in the blue light-emitting pixel 901B has a first optical adjustment layer, the second light-emitting element included in the green light-emitting pixel 901G has a first optical adjustment layer and a second optical adjustment layer, and the third light-emitting element included in the red light-emitting pixel 901R has a first optical adjustment layer, a second optical adjustment layer, and a third optical adjustment layer. A protective layer 121 is disposed on the first to third light-emitting elements.

[0023] The reflective layer 110 is electrically connected to the source / drain regions of the transistors through contact vias 106 and through vias 109 that extend through the first and second interlayer insulating layers.

[0024] 1(b) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a first light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The first light-emitting element is included in a blue light-emitting pixel 901B. The first light-emitting element has a first region 150 and a second region 151 that reflect light from the light-emitting layer in either the reflective layer 110 or the upper electrode 120. The first region 150 and the second region 151 are described as 150B according to the emission color of the light-emitting element.

[0025] The first region 150 reflects light from the light-emitting layer. In contrast, the second region 151 has an uneven structure on the surface on the organic layer side. Since the concaves of the uneven structure are smaller than the wavelength of light from the light-emitting layer, the light from the light-emitting layer can be reduced. Since the second region 151 includes the unevenness of the insulating layer 118 and the optical adjustment layer 114, the optical interference distance of the light-emitting element may become unintended, and the light emitted due to the unintended optical interference distance becomes an unintended emission wavelength. The color purity of the light-emitting element can be improved by reducing the light of such an unintended emission wavelength by the uneven structure of the second region.

[0026] In the light extraction direction of the reflective layer or the upper electrode, the electrode may be a semi-transparent electrode that reflects and transmits light. The uneven structure may be a repeated structure. The width of the recess is equal to or less than the emission wavelength of the light-emitting layer, and may be equal to or less than 1 / 3 of the emission wavelength, and more preferably equal to or less than 1 / 20 of the emission wavelength. The uneven structure may have a width that is changed according to the emission wavelength of each light-emitting layer. That is, in the first light-emitting element, the width of the recess in the second region may be formed according to blue emission. That is, the width of the recess may be equal to or less than half of 450 nm, and may be equal to or less than 1 / 3 of 450 nm, and more preferably equal to or less than 1 / 20 of 450 nm.

[0027] In the light emitting device according to this embodiment, the orthogonal projection of the second region 151 onto the first reflective layer 110 and the orthogonal projection of the insulating layer 118 onto the first reflective layer 110 may overlap each other. As described above, this is because the insulating layer 118 affects the optical interference length of the light emitting device and can affect the extracted emission wavelength.

[0028] 1(c) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a second light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The second light-emitting element is included in a green light-emitting pixel 901G. Since the second light-emitting element is configured as a pixel that emits green light, the optical adjustment layer 114 has a first optical adjustment layer 111 and a second optical adjustment layer 112.

[0029] The width of the recess in the second region of the second light-emitting element according to this embodiment may be larger than the width of the recess in the second region of the first light-emitting element, because the emission wavelength of the second light-emitting element, which is a green light-emitting element, is larger than the emission wavelength of the first light-emitting element.

[0030] 1(d) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a third light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The third light-emitting element is included in a red-emitting pixel 901R. Since the third light-emitting element is configured as a pixel that emits red light, the optical adjustment layer 114 has a first optical adjustment layer 111, a second optical adjustment layer 112, and a third optical adjustment layer 113.

[0031] The width of the concave portion of the second region included in the third light-emitting element according to the present embodiment may be larger than the width of the concave portion of the second region included in the second light-emitting element. This is because the emission wavelength of the third light-emitting element, which is a red light-emitting element, is larger than the emission wavelength of the second light-emitting element.

[0032] FIG. 1(e) is a cross-sectional schematic view showing an example of another light-emitting element according to the present embodiment. While the light-emitting elements in FIGS. 1(a) to (d) have a transparent electrode between the reflective layer and the organic layer, the light-emitting element according to the present embodiment is configured to perform charge injection by having the reflective layer in contact with the organic layer. Similar to other embodiments, it has a first region 150 and a second region 151. The second region may be arranged so as to overlap with the insulating layer 118 in a plan view. In other words, the orthographic projection of the second region onto the first reflective layer 110 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the insulating layer 118 onto the first reflective layer 110. Since the insulating layer 118 is a region that is easily affected by the optical interference distance, the configuration of the second region can reduce light having an emission wavelength due to an unintentional optical interference distance.

[0033] FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of the concavo-convex structure included in the second region of the light-emitting element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The filling factor f is the ratio of the metal to the pitch P of the concavo-convex structure and satisfies 0 < f < 1. The filling factor f is also called the duty ratio. The smaller the filling factor f, the higher the performance as a polarizer. The concavo-convex structure made of metal is arranged with a thickness t. The larger t is, the higher the performance as a polarizer. When the reflective layer has the second region, t is preferably at least 1 / 3 of the reflective layer, and more preferably at least 1 / 2 of the reflective layer.

[0034] The concavo-convex structure substantially does not transmit the second polarization 201 among the directions of polarization of light, and transmits the first polarization 200 more than the second polarization. Since the first polarization 200 is a component parallel to the repeating direction of the concavo-convex structure, it passes through the concavo-convex structure. On the other hand, since the second polarization 201 is a component perpendicular to the repeating direction of the concavo-convex structure, it hardly passes through the concavo-convex structure. More specifically, in the concavo-convex structure, the transmittance of the second polarization is lower than that of the first polarization.

[0035] With the above configuration, the concave-convex structure pattern 310 of the reflective layer or the concave-convex structure pattern 320 of the upper electrode is formed.

[0036] [First embodiment] 3(a) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a light-emitting element according to the present embodiment. In the light-emitting element according to the present embodiment, the reflective layer has a first region and a second region. In the present embodiment, the first reflective layer of the first light-emitting element will be used for explanation, but the same applies to the second light-emitting element and the third light-emitting element.

[0037] The first reflective layer 110 according to this embodiment has a first region 150 and a second region 151. The second region 151 has an uneven structure on the surface on the organic layer 119 side, and reduces reflection of light incident from the organic layer 119 side. On the other hand, the first region 150 reflects light from the organic layer 119, and forms an optical resonator structure between the first region 150 and the upper electrode 120, thereby enhancing light emission.

[0038] The orthogonal projection of the insulating layer 118 onto the first reflective layer may overlap the second region, and an edge of the opening in the insulating layer 118 may coincide with the boundary between the second region and the first region.

[0039] In the second region 151, the insulating layer 118 and the transparent electrode 115 are arranged, and the optical interference distance may not be the intended optical distance. The second region reduces light that may have an unintended emission wavelength due to optical interference at an unintended optical distance, and therefore can improve the color purity of the light-emitting element.

[0040] [Second embodiment] 3(b) is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a light-emitting element according to this embodiment. In this light-emitting element according to this embodiment, the upper electrode 120 has a first region 150 and a second region 151. In this embodiment, the first reflective layer 110B of the first light-emitting element will be used for explanation, but the same applies to the second light-emitting element and the third light-emitting element.

[0041] The upper electrode 120 of the light-emitting element according to this embodiment has a first region 150 and a second region 151. The second region 151 has an uneven structure on the surface on the organic layer 119 side, and reduces light that enters from the organic layer 119 side, passes through the second region 151, and is extracted to the outside of the light-emitting element. On the other hand, the first region 150 reflects light from the organic layer 119, and forms an optical resonator structure between the first region 150 and the first reflective layer 110, thereby enhancing light emission.

[0042] The orthogonal projection of the insulating layer 118 onto the first reflective layer 110 may overlap with the orthogonal projection of the second region 151 onto the first reflective layer 110, and the edge of the opening in the insulating layer 118 may coincide with the boundary between the second region 151 and the first region 150.

[0043] In the second region 151, the insulating layer 118 and the transparent electrode 115 are arranged, and the optical interference distance may not be the intended optical distance. The second region 151 reduces light that may have an unintended emission wavelength due to optical interference at an unintended optical distance, and therefore can improve the color purity of the light-emitting element.

[0044] [Third embodiment] 3(c) is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the light-emitting device according to the present embodiment. In the light-emitting device according to the present embodiment, both the first reflective layer 110 and the upper electrode 120 have a first region 150 and a second region 151.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first reflective layer 110B of the first light emitting element will be described, but the same applies to the second light emitting element and the third light emitting element.

[0046] Both the first reflective layer 110 and the upper electrode 120 of the light-emitting device according to this embodiment have a first region 150 and a second region 151. The second region 110 of the first reflective layer has an uneven structure on the surface on the organic layer 119 side, and reduces the reflection of light incident from the organic layer 119 side. The second region 151 of the upper electrode has an uneven structure on the surface on the organic layer 119 side, and reduces the light incident from the organic layer 119 side, transmitted through the second region 151, and extracted to the outside of the light-emitting device. On the other hand, the first region 150 reflects light from the organic layer 119, and can enhance the light emission by forming an optical resonator structure between the first reflective layer 110 and the first reflective layer 110.

[0047] The second region 151 of the first reflective layer 110 may overlap with an orthogonal projection of the second region 151 of the upper electrode 120 onto the first reflective layer 110, and the second region of the first reflective layer 110 may coincide with the second region of the upper electrode 120. Furthermore, an edge of the opening of the insulating layer 118 may coincide with an edge of the second region 151 of the first reflective layer 110 and an edge of the second region 151 of the upper electrode 120. Here, the edge of the second region 151 is the boundary between the second region 151 and the first region 150.

[0048] In the second region 151, the insulating layer 118 and the transparent electrode 115 are arranged, and the optical interference distance may not be the intended optical distance. The second region 151 reduces light that may have an unintended emission wavelength due to optical interference at an unintended optical distance, and therefore can improve the color purity of the light-emitting element.

[0049] [Fourth embodiment] 3(d) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a light-emitting element according to this embodiment. In the light-emitting element according to this embodiment, the reflective layer has a first region and a second region. In this embodiment, the first reflective layer of the first light-emitting element will be used for explanation, but the same applies to the second light-emitting element and the third light-emitting element.

[0050] The first reflective layer 110 according to this embodiment has a first region 150 and a second region 151. The light emitting element according to this embodiment further has a groove 153 on the surface of the insulating layer 118 on the organic layer 119 side. An orthogonal projection of the groove onto the first reflective layer overlaps with the second region 151 of the first reflective layer 110. When it is the upper electrode 120 that has the second region 151, an orthogonal projection of the second region 151 of the upper electrode 120 onto the first reflective layer 110 and an orthogonal projection of the groove onto the first reflective layer overlap with each other.

[0051] In the light emitting device according to this embodiment, the grooves 153 are provided on the surface of the insulating layer 118 on the organic layer 119 side, and therefore the optical interference distance is more likely to be affected by the grooves 153.

[0052] The second region 151 has an uneven structure on the surface on the organic layer 119 side, and reduces reflection of light incident from the organic layer 119 side. The effect of the present invention can be enhanced by reducing light emission affected by the grooves by the second region. On the other hand, the first region 150 reflects light from the organic layer 119, and can enhance light emission by forming an optical resonator structure between the first region 150 and the upper electrode 120.

[0053] The orthogonal projection of the insulating layer 118 onto the first reflective layer may overlap the second region, and an edge of the opening in the insulating layer 118 may coincide with the boundary between the second region and the first region.

[0054] In the second region 151 of the light-emitting element according to this embodiment, in addition to the structure of the insulating layer 118 and the transparent electrode 115, a groove 153 is arranged, and the optical interference distance may not be the intended optical distance. The second region 151 reduces light that may become an unintended emission wavelength due to optical interference at an unintended optical distance, and therefore the color purity of the light-emitting element can be improved.

[0055] [Fifth embodiment] 4(a) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The light-emitting element according to this embodiment has a color filter 122 on a protective layer 121. The blue light-emitting pixel 901B has a blue color filter 122B that transmits blue emission wavelengths, the green light-emitting pixel 901G has a green color filter 122G that transmits green emission wavelengths, and the red light-emitting pixel 901R has a red color filter 122R that transmits red emission wavelengths. The color filter is an example of a color conversion layer, and a color conversion layer using quantum dots may be used.

[0056] Blue color filter 122B overlaps, in a plan view, the point where transparent electrode 115 contacts first reflective layer 110. The same applies to the other color filters.

[0057] In FIG. 4(a), the color filters are shown not to overlap each other, but an overlapping area of ​​the blue color filter 122B and the green color filter 122G may be provided. The overlapping area can function as a light-shielding layer, and the overlapping area may be provided in an area where unintended light emission may be extracted. The stacking order of the color filters is not particularly limited, but for example, the blue color filter 122B may be provided on the green color filter 122G, and the red color filter 122R may be provided on the blue color filter 122B. The stacking order of the color filters indicates the formation order of the color filters.

[0058] In a cross section perpendicular to the first reflective layer, the midpoint of the color filter 122 and the midpoint of the opening of the insulating layer 118 may be separated in a direction parallel to the in-plane direction of the first reflective layer 110. The distance between the midpoint of the color filter 122 and the midpoint of the opening of the insulating layer 118 may vary depending on the position of the light-emitting element. For example, in the display region of the display device, the closer to the end, the greater the distance between the midpoint of the color filter 122 and the midpoint of the opening of the insulating layer 118. Here, the in-plane direction is a direction parallel to the surface of the first reflective layer 110 on the organic layer 119 side.

[0059] [Sixth embodiment] 4(b) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The light-emitting element according to this embodiment has a microlens 123 on a protective layer 121. The microlens 123 is an example of an optical member, and can refract light from the light-emitting layer. As long as it is an optical member that refracts light, it is not limited to a microlens, and for example, a prism may be used.

[0060] In a cross section perpendicular to the first reflective layer, the apex of the microlens 123 and the midpoint of the opening of the insulating layer 118 may be separated in a direction parallel to the in-plane direction of the first reflective layer 110. The distance between the apex of the microlens 123 and the midpoint of the opening of the insulating layer 118 may vary depending on the position of the light-emitting element. For example, in the display region of the display device, the distance between the apex of the microlens 123 and the midpoint of the opening of the insulating layer 118 may be greater closer to the end. Here, the in-plane direction is a direction parallel to the surface of the first reflective layer 110 on the organic layer 119 side.

[0061] The microlens 123 is arranged not only in the blue light-emitting pixel 901B but also in the green light-emitting pixel 901G and the red light-emitting pixel 901R. The microlens 123 overlaps, in a plan view, the point where the transparent electrode 115 and the first reflective layer 110 contact each other. The same is true for the other microlenses.

[0062] FIG. 4(c) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The light-emitting element according to this embodiment has both a color filter 122 and a microlens 123 on a protective layer 121. The center of the color filter and the apex of the microlens may be separated in the in-plane direction of the first reflective layer. The distance between the center of the color filter and the apex of the microlens may vary depending on the position of the light-emitting element. Specifically, the closer to the end of the display area of ​​the display device, the greater the distance may be. Depending on the application, the closer to the end of the display area of ​​the display device, the smaller the distance may be.

[0063] [Pixel array] 5(a) is a plan view showing an example of an arrangement of light-emitting elements according to this embodiment. A blue light-emitting pixel 901B, a green light-emitting pixel 901G, and a red light-emitting pixel 901R are arranged in a rectangular shape. The blue light-emitting pixel 901B is provided with an insulating layer that defines a light-emitting region, and has an opening 154B in the insulating layer. The region of the opening 154B in the insulating layer emits light, so it can be called the light-emitting region. Although the blue light-emitting pixel 901B has been described as an example, the same applies to the other light-emitting pixels.

[0064] FIG. 5(b) is a plan view showing an example of an arrangement of the light-emitting element according to this embodiment. A blue light-emitting pixel 901B, a green light-emitting pixel 901G, and a red light-emitting pixel 901R are arranged in the shape of a regular hexagon. When viewed in the vertical direction, the centers of the pixels are arranged to be shifted by 1 / 2 a pixel. In the light-emitting element according to this embodiment, the blue light-emitting pixel 901B is also provided with an insulating layer that defines a light-emitting region, and has an opening 154B in the insulating layer. The region of the opening 154B in the insulating layer emits light, so it can be called the light-emitting region. Although the blue light-emitting pixel 901B has been described as an example, the same applies to other light-emitting pixels.

[0065] 5(c) is a plan view showing an example of an arrangement of the light-emitting element according to this embodiment. A blue light-emitting pixel 901B, a green light-emitting pixel 901G, and a red light-emitting pixel 901R are arranged in a square shape. In the light-emitting element according to this embodiment, the blue light-emitting pixel 901B is also provided with an insulating layer that defines a light-emitting region, and has an opening 154B in the insulating layer. The region of the opening 154B in the insulating layer emits light, so it can be called the light-emitting region. Although the blue light-emitting pixel 901B has been described as an example, the same applies to the other light-emitting pixels.

[0066] [Structure of organic light-emitting element] The organic light-emitting element is provided by forming an insulating layer, a first electrode, an organic compound layer, and a second electrode on a substrate. A protective layer, a color filter, a microlens, etc. may be provided on the cathode. When a color filter is provided, a planarizing layer may be provided between the protective layer. The planarizing layer may be made of acrylic resin, etc. The same applies when a planarizing layer is provided between the color filter and the microlens.

[0067] [substrate] Examples of the substrate include quartz, glass, silicon wafer, resin, and metal. In addition, a switching element such as a transistor and wiring may be provided on the substrate, and an interlayer insulating layer may be provided thereon. As the interlayer insulating layer, any material can be used as long as it is possible to form a contact hole so that wiring can be formed between the first electrode and the interlayer insulating layer, and insulation from wiring that is not connected can be ensured. For example, resin such as polyimide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, etc. can be used.

[0068] [electrode] A pair of electrodes can be used. The pair of electrodes may be an anode and a cathode. When an electric field is applied in the direction in which the organic light-emitting element emits light, the electrode with a higher potential is the anode, and the other is the cathode. It can also be said that the electrode that supplies holes to the light-emitting layer is the anode, and the electrode that supplies electrons is the cathode.

[0069] The material constituting the anode should have as large a work function as possible. For example, metals such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium, tungsten, etc., mixtures containing these metals, alloys combining these metals, metal oxides such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium zinc oxide can be used. Conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene can also be used.

[0070] These electrode materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds. The anode may be composed of one layer or multiple layers.

[0071] When used as a reflective electrode, for example, chromium, aluminum, silver, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, or alloys or laminates thereof can be used. The above materials can also function as a reflective film without serving as an electrode. When used as a transparent electrode, a transparent conductive layer of oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide can be used, but is not limited to these. Photolithography technology can be used to form the electrode.

[0072] On the other hand, the material for the cathode should have a small work function. Examples of the material include alkali metals such as lithium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium, aluminum, titanium, manganese, silver, lead, chromium, and other metals or mixtures containing these metals. Alternatively, alloys combining these metals can be used. For example, magnesium-silver, aluminum-lithium, aluminum-magnesium, silver-copper, zinc-silver, and the like can be used. Metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) can also be used. These electrode materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more types. The cathode may have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure. Among these, it is preferable to use silver, and it is even more preferable to use a silver alloy to reduce the aggregation of silver. As long as the aggregation of silver can be reduced, the ratio of the alloy is not important. For example, the ratio of silver to other metals may be 1:1, 3:1, and the like.

[0073] The cathode may be a top-emission element using an oxide conductive layer such as ITO, or a bottom-emission element using a reflective electrode such as aluminum (Al), and is not particularly limited. The method for forming the cathode is not particularly limited, but it is more preferable to use a direct current or alternating current sputtering method, etc., since the film coverage is good and the resistance can be easily reduced.

[0074] [Pixel isolation layer] The pixel separation layer is formed of a silicon nitride (SiN) film, a silicon oxynitride (SiON) film, or a silicon oxide (SiO) film formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In order to increase the resistance in the in-plane direction of the organic compound layer, it is preferable that the organic compound layer, particularly the hole transport layer, is thinly formed on the sidewall of the pixel separation layer. Specifically, the thickness of the sidewall can be thinned by increasing the taper angle of the sidewall of the pixel separation layer or the thickness of the pixel separation layer to increase vignetting during deposition.

[0075] On the other hand, it is preferable to adjust the sidewall taper angle and film thickness of the pixel separation layer to such an extent that no voids are formed in the protective layer formed thereon. Since no voids are formed in the protective layer, the occurrence of defects in the protective layer can be reduced. Since the occurrence of defects in the protective layer is reduced, deterioration in reliability such as the occurrence of dark spots and poor conduction of the second electrode can be reduced.

[0076] According to this embodiment, even if the taper angle of the sidewall of the pixel separation layer is not steep, it is possible to effectively suppress charge leakage to adjacent pixels. As a result of this study, it was found that the charge leakage can be sufficiently reduced if the taper angle is in the range of 60 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less. The thickness of the pixel separation layer is preferably 10 nm or more and 150 nm or less. The same effect can be obtained even if the pixel separation layer is composed only of a pixel electrode without a pixel separation layer. However, in this case, it is preferable that the thickness of the pixel electrode is half or less than that of the organic layer, or the edge of the pixel electrode is forward tapered by less than 60 degrees, because this reduces short circuits of the organic light-emitting element.

[0077] [Organic compound layer] The organic compound layer may be formed as a single layer or as multiple layers. When the organic compound layer has multiple layers, it may be called a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, etc., depending on its function. The organic compound layer is mainly composed of an organic compound, but may also contain inorganic atoms and inorganic compounds. For example, it may contain copper, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, iridium, platinum, molybdenum, zinc, etc. The organic compound layer may be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, or may be disposed in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0078] In the case where a plurality of light-emitting layers are provided, a charge generating portion may be provided between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer. The charge generating portion may have an organic compound having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (LUMO) of -5.0 eV or less. The same applies when a charge generating portion is provided between the second light-emitting layer and the third light-emitting layer.

[0079] [Protective layer] A protective layer may be provided on the second electrode. For example, by bonding glass provided with a moisture absorbent on the second electrode, it is possible to reduce the intrusion of water and the like into the organic compound layer and reduce the occurrence of display defects. In another embodiment, a passivation film such as silicon nitride may be provided on the cathode to reduce the intrusion of water and the like into the organic compound layer. For example, after forming the cathode, the cathode may be transported to another chamber without breaking the vacuum, and a silicon nitride film having a thickness of 2 μm may be formed by the CVD method to form a protective layer. A protective layer may be provided using the atomic deposition method (ALD method) after the film formation by the CVD method. The material of the film by the ALD method is not limited, and may be silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, etc. Silicon nitride may be further formed by the CVD method on the film formed by the ALD method. The film by the ALD method may have a smaller thickness than the film formed by the CVD method. Specifically, it may be 50% or less, or even 10% or less.

[0080] [Color Filter] A color filter may be provided on the protective layer. For example, a color filter taking into consideration the size of the organic light-emitting element may be provided on another substrate and then bonded to the substrate on which the organic light-emitting element is provided, or a color filter may be patterned on the protective layer described above using a photolithography technique. The color filter may be made of a polymer.

[0081] [Planarization layer] A planarization layer may be provided between the color filter and the protective layer. The planarization layer is provided for the purpose of reducing unevenness of the layer below. It may also be called a material resin layer without limiting the purpose. The planarization layer may be composed of an organic compound, and may be either a low molecular weight or a high molecular weight, but is preferably a high molecular weight.

[0082] The planarization layer may be provided above and below the color filter, and may be made of the same or different materials.Specific examples of the materials include polyvinylcarbazole resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and urea resin.

[0083] [Microlens] The organic light-emitting device may have an optical member such as a microlens on its light-emitting side. The microlens may be made of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, or the like. The microlens may be intended to increase the amount of light extracted from the organic light-emitting device and control the direction of the extracted light. The microlens may have a hemispherical shape. When the microlens has a hemispherical shape, among the tangents to the hemisphere, there is a tangent that is parallel to the insulating layer, and the tangent and the hemisphere are the vertices of the microlens. The vertex of the microlens can be determined in the same manner in any cross-sectional view. In other words, among the tangents to the semicircle of the microlens in the cross-sectional view, there is a tangent that is parallel to the insulating layer, and the tangent and the semicircle are the vertices of the microlens.

[0084] It is also possible to define the midpoint of the microlens. In the cross section of the microlens, a line segment is imaginary from a point where an arc shape ends to a point where another arc shape ends, and the midpoint of the line segment can be called the midpoint of the microlens. The cross section for determining the vertex and midpoint may be a cross section perpendicular to the insulating layer.

[0085] The microlens has a first surface having a convex portion and a second surface opposite to the first surface. It is preferable that the second surface is disposed closer to the functional layer than the first surface. In order to adopt such a configuration, it is necessary to form a microlens on the light-emitting device. When the functional layer is an organic layer, it is preferable to avoid a process in which the manufacturing process becomes high temperature. In addition, when adopting a configuration in which the second surface is disposed closer to the functional layer than the first surface, it is preferable that the glass transition temperature of all the organic compounds constituting the organic layer is 100°C or higher, and more preferably 130°C or higher.

[0086] [Opposite substrate] A counter substrate may be provided on the planarization layer. The counter substrate is called a counter substrate because it is provided at a position corresponding to the aforementioned substrate. The constituent material of the counter substrate may be the same as that of the aforementioned substrate. When the aforementioned substrate is a first substrate, the counter substrate may be a second substrate.

[0087] [Organic layer] The organic compound layers (hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, light emitting layer, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer, electron injection layer, etc.) constituting the organic light emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention are formed by the method shown below.

[0088] The organic compound layer constituting the organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be formed by dry processes such as vacuum deposition, ionization deposition, sputtering, plasma, etc. Alternatively, instead of the dry process, a wet process can be used in which a layer is formed by dissolving the compound in an appropriate solvent and applying a known coating method (e.g., spin coating, dipping, casting, LB method, inkjet method, etc.).

[0089] Here, when the layer is formed by a vacuum deposition method or a solution coating method, crystallization is unlikely to occur and the layer has excellent stability over time. When the layer is formed by a coating method, the layer can be formed by combining with a suitable binder resin.

[0090] Examples of the binder resin include, but are not limited to, polyvinylcarbazole resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and urea resin.

[0091] These binder resins may be used alone or in combination as homopolymers or copolymers, and may further include known additives such as plasticizers, antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbers, if necessary.

[0092] [Pixel circuit] The light emitting device may have a pixel circuit connected to the light emitting element. The pixel circuit may be an active matrix type that controls the emission of the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element independently. The active matrix type circuit may be a voltage programming circuit or a current programming circuit. The drive circuit has a pixel circuit for each pixel. The pixel circuit may have a light emitting element, a transistor that controls the emission luminance of the light emitting element, a transistor that controls the emission timing, a capacitance that holds the gate voltage of the transistor that controls the emission luminance, and a transistor for connecting to GND without going through the light emitting element.

[0093] The light-emitting device has a display region and a peripheral region disposed around the display region. The display region has a pixel circuit, and the peripheral region has a display control circuit. The mobility of a transistor constituting the pixel circuit may be smaller than the mobility of a transistor constituting the display control circuit.

[0094] The slope of the current-voltage characteristic of the transistor that constitutes the pixel circuit may be smaller than the slope of the current-voltage characteristic of the transistor that constitutes the display control circuit. The slope of the current-voltage characteristic can be measured by the so-called Vg-Ig characteristic.

[0095] The transistor that constitutes the pixel circuit is a transistor that is connected to a light-emitting element, such as the first light-emitting element.

[0096] [Pixels] An organic light emitting device includes a plurality of pixels, each of which includes sub-pixels that emit different colors, for example, RGB colors.

[0097] The pixel emits light in an area called the pixel aperture. This area is the same as the first area. The pixel aperture may be 15 μm or less, or 5 μm or more. More specifically, it may be 11 μm, 9.5 μm, 7.4 μm, 6.4 μm, etc.

[0098] The distance between the subpixels may be 10 μm or less, and specifically, may be 8 μm, 7.4 μm, or 6.4 μm.

[0099] The pixels may have a known arrangement in plan view. For example, they may be a stripe arrangement, a delta arrangement, a pentile arrangement, or a Bayer arrangement. The shape of the subpixels in plan view may be any known shape. For example, they may be a rectangle, a quadrangle such as a diamond, or a hexagon. Of course, if the shape is not an exact figure but is close to a rectangle, it is included in the rectangle. The shape of the subpixels and the pixel arrangement may be used in combination.

[0100] [Use of the organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention] The organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention can be used as a component of a display device or a lighting device, and can also be used as an exposure light source for an electrophotographic image forming device, a backlight for a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting device having a white light source and a color filter, etc.

[0101] The display device may be an image information processing device having an image input unit that inputs image information from an area CCD, a linear CCD, a memory card, etc., an information processing unit that processes the input information, and displays the input image on a display unit.

[0102] The display unit of the imaging device or inkjet printer may have a touch panel function. The driving method of the touch panel function may be an infrared type, a capacitance type, a resistive film type, or an electromagnetic induction type, and is not particularly limited. The display device may be used in the display unit of a multifunction printer.

[0103] Next, the display device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0104] 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a display device according to this embodiment. The display device 1000 may have a touch panel 1003, a display panel 1005, a frame 1006, a circuit board 1007, and a battery 1008 between an upper cover 1001 and a lower cover 1009. Flexible printed circuits FPC1002 and 1004 are connected to the touch panel 1003 and the display panel 1005. A transistor is printed on the circuit board 1007. The battery 1008 may not be provided if the display device is not a portable device, and may be provided in a different position even if the display device is a portable device.

[0105] The display device according to this embodiment may have color filters having red, green, and blue colors, the red, green, and blue colors being arranged in a delta arrangement.

[0106] The display device according to the present embodiment may be used as a display unit of a mobile terminal. In this case, the display device may have both a display function and an operation function. Examples of the mobile terminal include mobile phones such as smartphones, tablets, and head-mounted displays.

[0107] The display device according to the present embodiment may be used as a display unit of an imaging device having an optical unit with a plurality of lenses and an imaging element that receives light that has passed through the optical unit. The imaging device may have a display unit that displays information acquired by the imaging element. The display unit may be a display unit exposed to the outside of the imaging device, or may be a display unit disposed within a viewfinder. The imaging device may be a digital camera or a digital video camera.

[0108] 7(a) is a schematic diagram showing an example of an imaging device according to this embodiment. The imaging device 1100 may have a viewfinder 1101, a rear display 1102, an operation unit 1103, and a housing 1104. The viewfinder 1101 may have a display device according to this embodiment. In this case, the display device may display not only an image to be captured, but also environmental information, imaging instructions, and the like. The environmental information may include the intensity of external light, the direction of external light, the moving speed of the subject, the possibility that the subject will be blocked by an obstruction, and the like.

[0109] Since the timing suitable for imaging is short, it is better to display information as soon as possible. Therefore, it is preferable to use a display device using the organic light-emitting element of the present invention. This is because the organic light-emitting element has a fast response speed. A display device using an organic light-emitting element can be used more preferably than a liquid crystal display device, which requires a high display speed.

[0110] The imaging device 1100 has an optical section (not shown). The optical section has a plurality of lenses, which form an image on an imaging element housed in a housing 1104. The focus of the plurality of lenses can be adjusted by adjusting their relative positions. This operation can also be performed automatically. The imaging device may be called a photoelectric conversion device. The photoelectric conversion device can include an imaging method that does not capture images sequentially, but detects the difference from the previous image, cuts out an image from an image that is always recorded, and the like.

[0111] FIG. 7(b) is a schematic diagram showing an example of an electronic device according to this embodiment. The electronic device 1200 has a display unit 1201, an operation unit 1202, and a housing 1203. The housing 1203 may have a circuit, a printed circuit board having the circuit, a battery, and a communication unit. The operation unit 1202 may be a button or a touch panel type reaction unit. The operation unit may be a biometric recognition unit that recognizes a fingerprint and performs unlocking or the like. An electronic device having a communication unit can also be called a communication device. The electronic device may further have a camera function by including a lens and an image sensor. An image captured by the camera function is displayed on the display unit. Examples of the electronic device include a smartphone and a notebook computer.

[0112] Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a display device according to this embodiment. Fig. 8(a) shows a display device such as a television monitor or a PC monitor. The display device 1300 has a frame 1301 and a display unit 1302. The light-emitting device according to this embodiment may be used for the display unit 1302.

[0113] It has a frame 1301 and a base 1303 that supports a display unit 1302. The base 1303 is not limited to the form shown in Fig. 8(a). The lower side of the frame 1301 may also serve as the base.

[0114] The frame 1301 and the display unit 1302 may be curved. The radius of curvature may be 5000 mm or more and 6000 mm or less.

[0115] FIG. 8(b) is a schematic diagram showing another example of the display device according to the present embodiment. The display device 1310 of FIG. 8(b) is configured to be bendable, and is a so-called foldable display device. The display device 1310 has a first display unit 1311, a second display unit 1312, a housing 1313, and a bending point 1314. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may have the light-emitting device according to the present embodiment. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may be one display unit without a joint. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 can be separated at the bending point. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may display different images, or the first and second display units may display one image.

[0116] FIG. 9(a) is a schematic diagram showing an example of a lighting device according to the present embodiment. The lighting device 1400 may have a housing 1401, a light source 1402, a circuit board 1403, an optical film 1404, and a light diffusion unit 1405. The light source may have an organic light-emitting element according to the present embodiment. The optical filter may be a filter that improves the color rendering of the light source. The light diffusion unit can effectively diffuse the light of the light source, such as for lighting up, and deliver the light over a wide range. The optical filter and the light diffusion unit may be provided on the light emission side of the lighting. If necessary, a cover may be provided on the outermost part.

[0117] The lighting device is, for example, a device that illuminates a room. The lighting device may emit white light, neutral white light, or any other color from blue to red. It may have a dimming circuit that adjusts the light intensity. The lighting device may have the organic light-emitting element of the present invention and a power supply circuit connected thereto. The power supply circuit is a circuit that converts AC voltage into DC voltage. Moreover, white has a color temperature of 4200K, and neutral white has a color temperature of 5000K. The lighting device may have a color filter.

[0118] The lighting device according to the present embodiment may also include a heat dissipation section that dissipates heat from within the device to the outside, and examples of the heat dissipation section include metals with high specific heat, liquid silicon, and the like.

[0119] 9B is a schematic diagram of an automobile, which is an example of a moving body according to this embodiment. The automobile has tail lamps, which are an example of a lamp. The automobile 1500 has tail lamps 1501, and may be configured to turn on the tail lamps when braking or the like is performed.

[0120] A tail lamp 1501 may have an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The tail lamp may have a protective member for protecting the organic EL element. The protective member may be made of any material as long as it has a certain degree of strength and is transparent, but is preferably made of polycarbonate or the like. Polycarbonate may be mixed with a furandicarboxylic acid derivative, an acrylonitrile derivative, or the like.

[0121] The automobile 1500 may have a body 1503 and a window 1502 attached thereto. The window may be a transparent display as long as it is not a window for checking the front and rear of the automobile. The transparent display may have an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. In this case, the constituent materials of the electrodes and the like of the organic light-emitting element are made of transparent members.

[0122] The moving body according to the present embodiment has a driving unit such as an engine or a motor, and a means of transportation such as wheels, propellers, or tires. Specifically, the moving body may be an automobile, a ship, an aircraft, a drone, a bicycle, a railroad car, or the like. The moving body may have a body and a lamp provided on the body. The lamp may emit light to indicate the position of the body. The lamp has the organic light-emitting element according to the present embodiment.

[0123] An application example of the display device of each of the above-mentioned embodiments will be described with reference to Fig. 10. The display device can be applied to a system that can be worn as a wearable device such as smart glasses, HMD, and smart contacts. An image capturing and display device used in such an application example has an image capturing device capable of photoelectrically converting visible light, and a display device capable of emitting visible light.

[0124] 10(a) illustrates glasses 1600 (smart glasses) according to one application example. An imaging device 1602 such as a CMOS sensor or a SPAD is provided on the front side of a lens 1601 of the glasses 1600. In addition, a display device according to each of the above-mentioned embodiments is provided on the back side of the lens 1601.

[0125] The glasses 1600 further include a control device 1603. The control device 1603 functions as a power source that supplies power to the image capture device 1602 and the display device according to each embodiment. The control device 1603 also controls the operations of the image capture device 1602 and the display device. The lens 1601 is formed with an optical system for focusing light on the image capture device 1602.

[0126] FIG. 10(b) illustrates glasses 1610 (smart glasses) according to one application example. The glasses 1610 have a control device 1612. The control device 1612 is equipped with an imaging device corresponding to the imaging device 1602 and a display device. An optical system for projecting light emitted by the display device in the control device 1612 is formed in the lens 1611, and an image is projected onto the lens 1611. The control device 1612 functions as a power source that supplies power to the imaging device and the display device, and controls the operation of the imaging device and the display device. The control device may have a line-of-sight detection unit that detects the line of sight of the wearer. Infrared light may be used for detecting the line of sight. The infrared light emission unit emits infrared light toward the eyeball of a user gazing at a display image. An imaging unit having a light receiving element detects the reflected light of the emitted infrared light from the eyeball, thereby obtaining an image of the eyeball. By having a reduction means for reducing light from the infrared light emission unit to the display unit in a planar view, deterioration of image quality is reduced.

[0127] The gaze of the user with respect to the displayed image is detected from an image of the eyeball obtained by capturing infrared light. Any known method can be applied to gaze detection using the image of the eyeball. As an example, a gaze detection method based on a Purkinje image formed by reflection of irradiated light on the cornea can be used.

[0128] More specifically, the gaze detection process is performed based on the pupil-corneal reflex method. Using the pupil-corneal reflex method, a gaze vector that indicates the direction (rotation angle) of the eyeball is calculated based on the pupil image and the Purkinje image included in the captured image of the eyeball, thereby detecting the user's gaze.

[0129] A display device according to an embodiment of the present invention may have an imaging device having a light receiving element, and may control a display image on the display device based on information about a user's line of sight from the imaging device.

[0130] Specifically, the display device determines a first display area on which the user gazes and a second display area other than the first display area based on the line-of-sight information. The first display area and the second display area may be determined by a control device of the display device, or may be received from an external control device. In the display area of ​​the display device, the display resolution of the first display area may be controlled to be higher than the display resolution of the second display area. In other words, the resolution of the second display area may be lower than the first field of view area.

[0131] The display area includes a first display area and a second display area different from the first display area, and an area having a high priority is determined from the first display area and the second display area based on line-of-sight information. The first field of view area and the second field of view area may be determined by a control device of the display device, or may be determined by an external control device and received. The resolution of the area having a high priority may be controlled to be higher than the resolution of areas other than the area having a high priority. In other words, the resolution of an area having a relatively low priority may be lowered.

[0132] AI may be used to determine the first display area or the area with high priority. The AI ​​may be a model configured to estimate the angle of the line of sight and the distance to an object at the end of the line of sight from the image of the eyeball, using the image of the eyeball and the direction in which the eyeball in the image was actually looking as teacher data. The AI ​​program may be included in the display device, the imaging device, or an external device. If included in the external device, it is transmitted to the display device via communication.

[0133] When display control is performed based on visual recognition detection, the present invention is preferably applicable to smart glasses that further include an imaging device for capturing images of the outside world. The smart glasses can display captured outside information in real time.

[0134] The above embodiments can be used either alone or in combination.

[0135] As described above, by using a device using the light-emitting element according to this embodiment, it is possible to achieve a display with good image quality and stability even over a long period of time.

[0136] This specification includes the following configurations.

[0137] [Configuration 1] A light-emitting device having, in this order, a first reflective layer, an organic layer having a first light-emitting layer, and an upper electrode, the first reflective layer or the upper electrode has a first region that reflects light from the first light emitting layer and a second region different from the first region; The second region has a concave-convex structure on the surface facing the first light-emitting layer, and the width of the concave portion in the concave-convex structure is equal to or less than half the wavelength of the light from the first light-emitting layer.

[0138] [Configuration 2] 2. The light-emitting element according to configuration 1, wherein the first region is surrounded by the second region.

[0139] [Configuration 3] the first reflective layer has the first region and the second region, an insulating layer disposed between the first reflective layer and the organic layer; 3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first region of the first reflective layer is in contact with the organic layer, and the second region is in contact with the insulating layer.

[0140] [Configuration 4] 4. The light-emitting device according to configuration 3, wherein the insulating layer has a groove on a surface facing the organic layer.

[0141] [Configuration 5] The light-emitting element according to configuration 3, wherein an optical distance between the first reflective layer and the first light-emitting layer is a distance that reinforces light from the first light-emitting layer.

[0142] [Configuration 6] 6. The light-emitting element according to configuration 5, wherein an optical distance between the first reflective layer and the upper electrode is a distance that reinforces the light of the first light-emitting layer.

[0143] [Configuration 7] the upper electrode has the first region and the second region; an insulating layer disposed between the first reflective layer and the organic layer; 7. The light-emitting element according to any one of structures 1 to 6, wherein an orthogonal projection of the second region onto the first reflective layer overlaps the insulating layer.

[0144] [Configuration 8] 8. The light-emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the insulating layer has a recess on a surface facing the organic layer.

[0145] [Configuration 9] The light-emitting element according to configuration 8, wherein an optical distance between the first reflective layer and the first light-emitting layer is a distance that reinforces light from the first light-emitting layer.

[0146] [Configuration 10] 10. The light-emitting device according to configuration 9, wherein an optical distance between the first reflective layer and the upper electrode is a distance that reinforces the light of the first light-emitting layer.

[0147] [Configuration 11] 11. The light-emitting element according to any one of structures 1 to 10, wherein the width of the recess is 1 / 3 or less of the wavelength of the light from the first light-emitting layer.

[0148] [Configuration 12] the first region and the second region are disposed on both the first reflective layer and the upper electrode, 12. The light-emitting element according to any one of structures 1 to 11, characterized in that the orthogonal projection of the second region of the upper electrode onto the first reflective layer overlaps the second region of the first reflective layer.

[0149] [Configuration 13] a first transparent electrode disposed between the first reflective layer and the organic layer; 13. The light-emitting element according to any one of structures 1 to 12, wherein the distance between the first reflective layer and the first light-emitting layer is a distance that intensifies light of the first light-emitting layer.

[0150] [Configuration 14] an insulating layer disposed between the first transparent electrode and the organic layer; 14. The light-emitting element according to configuration 13, wherein an orthogonal projection of the insulating layer onto the first reflective layer and an orthogonal projection of the second region onto the first reflective layer overlap each other.

[0151] [Configuration 15] 15. The light-emitting device according to configuration 14, wherein the insulating layer has a groove on a surface facing the organic layer.

[0152] [Configuration 16] 16. The light-emitting device according to any one of structures 1 to 15, further comprising a color filter on the light-emitting side of the upper electrode.

[0153] [Configuration 17] A color filter is provided on the light emission side of the upper electrode, The light-emitting element according to structure 4, wherein an orthogonal projection of the color filter onto the first reflective layer and an orthogonal projection of the grooves of the insulating layer onto the first reflective layer overlap each other.

[0154] [Configuration 18] 18. The light-emitting element according to any one of structures 1 to 17, further comprising an optical member for refracting light of the first light-emitting layer on the light-emitting side of the upper electrode.

[0155] [Configuration 19] an optical member for refracting light of the first light-emitting layer on the light emission side of the upper electrode; The light-emitting element according to configuration 4, wherein an orthogonal projection of the optical member onto the first reflective layer overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the groove of the insulating layer onto the first reflective layer.

[0156] [Configuration 20] A light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting element according to any one of configurations 1 to 19, and a second light-emitting element disposed adjacent to the light-emitting element and emitting light different from the light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element has a second reflective layer, an organic layer having a second light-emitting layer, and the upper electrode in this order; the second reflective layer or the upper electrode has a first region that reflects light from the second light emitting layer and a second region different from the first region; The second region has a concave-convex structure on the surface facing the second light-emitting layer, and the width of the concave portion in the concave-convex structure is different from the width of the concave portion in the first reflective layer.

[0157] [Configuration 21] The wavelength of the light emitted by the second light emitting element is longer than the wavelength of the light emitted by the light emitting element, 21. The light emitting device according to configuration 20, wherein the width of the recess of the second light emitting element is greater than the width of the recess of the light emitting element.

[0158] [Configuration 22] A light-emitting device having the light-emitting element according to configuration 13 and a second light-emitting element disposed adjacent to the light-emitting element and emitting light different from the light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element has, in this order, a second reflective layer, a second transparent electrode, an organic layer having a second light-emitting layer, and the upper electrode; the second reflective layer or the upper electrode has a first region that reflects light from the second light emitting layer and a second region different from the first region; The second region has a concave-convex structure on the surface facing the second light-emitting layer, and the width of the concave portion in the concave-convex structure is different from the width of the concave portion in the first reflective layer.

[0159] [Configuration 23] 23. The light emitting device of configuration 22, wherein the distance between the first reflective layer and the upper electrode is smaller than the distance between the second reflective layer and the upper electrode.

[0160] [Configuration 24] 20. A display device comprising a plurality of pixels, at least one of the plurality of pixels comprising the light-emitting element according to any one of structures 1 to 19 and a transistor connected to the light-emitting element.

[0161] [Configuration 25] an optical unit having a plurality of lenses, an image sensor that receives light that has passed through the optical unit, and a display unit that displays an image captured by the image sensor; 20. An imaging device, wherein the display unit has the light-emitting element according to any one of configurations 1 to 19.

[0162] [Configuration 26] 20. An electronic device comprising: a display unit having a light-emitting element according to any one of structures 1 to 19; a housing in which the display unit is provided; and a communication unit provided in the housing and configured to communicate with an external device.

[0163] [Configuration 27] 20. An illumination device comprising: a light source having the light-emitting element according to any one of configurations 1 to 19; and a light diffusion section or an optical film that transmits light emitted by the light source.

[0164] [Configuration 28] 20. A moving body comprising: a lighting fixture having the organic light-emitting element according to any one of configurations 1 to 19; and a body on which the lighting fixture is provided. [Explanation of symbols]

[0165] 101 Semiconductor substrate 102 Element isolation region 103 Gate electrode 104 Source / Drain Region 105 First interlayer insulating layer 106 Contact Via 107 1st wiring 108 Second interlayer insulating layer 109 Through Via 110 Reflective layer 111 First optical adjustment layer 112 Second optical adjustment layer 113 Third optical adjustment layer 114 Optical adjustment layer 115 Transparent electrode 118 Insulating Layer 119 Organic layers including light-emitting layers 120 Upper electrode 121 Protective layer 122 Color Filter 123 Optical Components 150 1st area 151 Second area 153 Groove 154 Aperture 901 luminous pixels 1000 display devices 1001 Top cover 1002 Flexible Printed Circuit 1003 Touch Panel 1004 Flexible Printed Circuit 1005 Display panel 1006 Frame 1007 Circuit Board 1008 Battery 1009 Lower cover 1100 Imaging device 1101 Viewfinder 1102 Rear display 1103 Operation section 1104 Case 1200 Electronic equipment 1201 Display section 1202 Operation unit 1203 Case 1300 display device 1301 Picture Frame 1302 Display section 1303 Foundation 1310 Display device 1311 First display section 1312 Second display section 1313 Case 1314 Bend Point 1400 Lighting Equipment 1401 Case 1402 Light source 1403 Circuit Board 1404 Optical film 1405 Light diffusion section 1500 Cars 1501 Tail lamp 1502 Window 1503 Body 1600 Smart Glasses 1601 Lens 1602 Imaging device 1603 Control device 1610 Smart Glasses 1611 Lens 1612 Control device

Claims

1. A light-emitting device having, in this order, a first reflective layer, an organic layer having a first light-emitting layer, and an upper electrode, the first reflective layer or the upper electrode has a first region that reflects light from the first light emitting layer and a second region different from the first region; The second region has a concave-convex structure on the surface facing the first light-emitting layer, and the width of the concave portion in the concave-convex structure is equal to or less than half the wavelength of the light from the first light-emitting layer.

2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the first region is surrounded by the second region.

3. the first reflective layer has the first region and the second region; an insulating layer disposed between the first reflective layer and the organic layer; The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein the first region of the first reflective layer is in contact with the organic layer, and the second region is in contact with the insulating layer.

4. The light-emitting element according to claim 3 , wherein the insulating layer has a groove on a surface facing the organic layer.

5. 4. The light-emitting element according to claim 3, wherein an optical distance between the first reflective layer and the first light-emitting layer is a distance that reinforces light from the first light-emitting layer.

6. 6. The light-emitting element according to claim 5, wherein an optical distance between the first reflective layer and the upper electrode is a distance that reinforces the light of the first light-emitting layer.

7. the upper electrode has the first region and the second region; an insulating layer disposed between the first reflective layer and the organic layer; The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein an orthogonal projection of the second region onto the first reflective layer overlaps the insulating layer.

8. The light-emitting element according to claim 7 , wherein the insulating layer has a recess on a surface facing the organic layer.

9. 9. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein an optical distance between the first reflective layer and the first light-emitting layer is a distance that reinforces light from the first light-emitting layer.

10. 10. The light-emitting element according to claim 9, wherein an optical distance between the first reflective layer and the upper electrode is a distance that reinforces the light of the first light-emitting layer.

11. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the width of the recess is equal to or smaller than 1 / 3 of the wavelength of light from the first light emitting layer.

12. the first region and the second region are disposed on both the first reflective layer and the upper electrode, The light emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein an orthogonal projection of the second region of the upper electrode onto the first reflective layer overlaps with the second region of the first reflective layer.

13. a first transparent electrode disposed between the first reflective layer and the organic layer; 2. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the first reflective layer and the first light-emitting layer is such that light from the first light-emitting layer is reinforced.

14. an insulating layer disposed between the first transparent electrode and the organic layer; The light-emitting device according to claim 13 , wherein an orthogonal projection of the insulating layer onto the first reflective layer and an orthogonal projection of the second region onto the first reflective layer overlap each other.

15. The light-emitting element according to claim 14 , wherein the insulating layer has a groove on a surface facing the organic layer.

16. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter on the light emitting side of the upper electrode.

17. A color filter is provided on the light emission side of the upper electrode, The light-emitting element according to claim 4 , wherein an orthogonal projection of the color filter onto the first reflective layer and an orthogonal projection of the grooves of the insulating layer onto the first reflective layer overlap each other.

18. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising an optical member for refracting light from the first light emitting layer on the light emitting side of the upper electrode.

19. an optical member for refracting light of the first light-emitting layer on the light emission side of the upper electrode; The light-emitting element according to claim 4 , wherein an orthogonal projection of the optical member onto the first reflective layer overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the groove of the insulating layer onto the first reflective layer.

20. A light emitting device comprising the light emitting element according to claim 1 and a second light emitting element disposed adjacent to the light emitting element and emitting light different from the light emitting element, the second light-emitting element includes a second reflective layer, an organic layer having a second light-emitting layer, and the upper electrode in this order; the second reflective layer or the upper electrode has a first region that reflects light from the second light emitting layer and a second region different from the first region; The second region has a concave-convex structure on the surface facing the second light-emitting layer, and the width of the concave portion in the concave-convex structure is different from the width of the concave portion in the first reflective layer.

21. The wavelength of the light emitted by the second light-emitting element is longer than the wavelength of the light emitted by the light-emitting element, 21. The light emitting device according to claim 20, wherein a width of the recess of the second light emitting element is greater than a width of the recess of the light emitting element.

22. A light emitting device comprising the light emitting element according to claim 13 and a second light emitting element disposed adjacent to the light emitting element and emitting light different from the light emitting element, the second light-emitting element includes, in this order, a second reflective layer, a second transparent electrode, an organic layer having a second light-emitting layer, and the upper electrode; the second reflective layer or the upper electrode has a first region that reflects light from the second light emitting layer and a second region different from the first region; The second region has a concave-convex structure on the surface facing the second light-emitting layer, and the width of the concave portion in the concave-convex structure is different from the width of the concave portion in the first reflective layer.

23. 23. The light emitting device according to claim 22, wherein a distance between the first reflective layer and the upper electrode is smaller than a distance between the second reflective layer and the upper electrode.

24. A display device comprising a plurality of pixels, at least one of the plurality of pixels comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 1 and a transistor connected to the light-emitting element.

25. an optical unit having a plurality of lenses, an image sensor that receives light that has passed through the optical unit, and a display unit that displays an image captured by the image sensor; An imaging device, comprising: the display unit comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 1 .

26. 20. An electronic device comprising: a display unit having the light-emitting element according to claim 1; a housing in which the display unit is provided; and a communication unit provided in the housing for communicating with an outside.

27. 20. An illumination device comprising: a light source having the light-emitting element according to claim 1; and a light diffusion section or an optical film that transmits light emitted by the light source.

28. A moving object comprising: a lighting device having the organic light-emitting element according to claim 1; and a body on which the lighting device is provided.

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