Laminate and mobile body

Abstract

To provide a laminate in which positional deviation of a plurality of plate materials is suppressed without being influenced by a bending depth of the plate materials, and the materials can be accurately laminated as designed.SOLUTION: A laminate according to the present invention comprises: a curved first plate material; a curved second plate material; and a middle layer which is provided between the first plate material and the second plate material, and adheres the first plate material and the second plate material, where at least one of the first plate material and the second plate material is a glass plate, the bow height (sagitta) of the laminate is 90 mm or more, and in the state where the laminate is placed on the surface while a curved convex surface side is used as a surface side on which the laminate is installed, both end surfaces of the first plate material and the second plate material have a surface perpendicular to the surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a laminated body and a moving body. [Background technology]

[0002] An example of a laminated body formed by laminating a plurality of different components is laminated glass, which is formed by bonding a pair of glass sheets together with an interlayer film interposed therebetween. Laminated glass has advantages such as high sound insulation, low shattering when broken, and resistance to penetration by flying objects, and is therefore used as window glass in vehicles such as automobiles, aircraft, buildings, etc.

[0003] As an example of such laminated glass, Patent Document 1 discloses a laminated glass for vehicles in which two intermediate layers, a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer, are disposed between a pair of glass plates.

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses a method for manufacturing a laminated glass for vehicles in which a first glass plate having a first curvature and a second glass plate having a second curvature smaller than the first curvature are bonded together with an interlayer film. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-128738 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2022 / 224908 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, a pair of opposing plates, such as a pair of glass plates that constitute laminated glass, are formed to have various curved shapes depending on the application, etc. Therefore, depending on the curvature and shape of the pair of plates, the pair of plates may be greatly curved and have surfaces with a large bending depth. If the bending depth of the pair of plates is large, there has been a problem in that when the pair of plates are bonded together, fixing members such as positioning pins used to fix the plates cannot contact the side surfaces of the pair of plates simultaneously, and the pair of plates may not be positioned accurately.

[0007] One aspect of the present invention aims to provide a laminate in which multiple plate materials are stacked with precision according to the design, while minimizing misalignment, without being affected by the bending depth of the plate materials. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] One aspect of the present invention is a curved first plate; a curved second plate; an intermediate layer provided between the first plate material and the second plate material and bonding the first plate material and the second plate material; A laminate wherein at least one of the first plate material and the second plate material is a glass plate, The arrow height of the laminate is 90 mm or more, When the laminate is placed on the surface with the curved convex side facing the surface on which the laminate will be installed, the end faces of the first plate material and the second plate material are both laminates having surfaces perpendicular to the surface. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] In a laminate according to one aspect of the present invention, a plurality of plate materials are stacked with high precision as designed, without being affected by the bending depth of the plate materials and with reduced misalignment. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2 is a view seen from the direction II in FIG. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2 is a view seen in the direction II-II of FIG. [Figure 2C] FIG. 2 is a view seen in the direction III-III of FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the positioning of a laminated body. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the arrow height, central angle, and radius of curvature of a plate material. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of one step for producing a laminate. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an outline of another process for producing a laminate. [Figure 7A] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an outline of another process for producing a laminate. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 7A as viewed in a direction II. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an outline of another process for producing a laminate. [Figure 9A] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing an example of a state in which a stack is fixed by changing the number of positioning pins. [Figure 9B] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of a state in which the stack is fixed by changing the number of positioning pins. [Figure 10] 2 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the laminate as viewed from the II-II direction in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 11] 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of another configuration of the laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention, as viewed from the II-II direction in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 12A] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the appearance of an example of another configuration of the laminate. [Figure 12B] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the appearance of an example of another configuration of the laminate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. To facilitate understanding of the description, the same components in each drawing will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions will be omitted. The scale of each component in the drawings may differ from the actual scale. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, "to" indicating a range of values ​​means that the values ​​before and after it are included as the lower and upper limits.

[0012] <Laminate> A laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the laminate according to this embodiment, Fig. 2A is a view taken in the direction II in Fig. 1 and is a plan view of the laminate, Fig. 2B is a view taken in the direction II-II in Fig. 1 and is a plan view of the laminate, and Fig. 2C is a view taken in the direction III-III in Fig. 1 and is a side view of the laminate.

[0013] As shown in FIG. 1, the laminate 1A has a main surface that is curved downward in a convex shape with a predetermined curvature. The laminate 1A may have a main surface that is curved so that it is convex downward as a whole or in part. The curvature of the main surface of the laminate 1A corresponds to the curvature of one of the pair of plate materials (first plate material 10 and second plate material 20) that constitute the laminate 1A. The pair of plate materials (first plate material 10 and second plate material 20) can be curved by processing each main surface into a convex shape with a predetermined curvature that is convex downward through a bending process described below.

[0014] 1 and 2A to 2C, a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system with three axial directions (X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis) is used, with the width direction of the laminate being the X-axis, the length direction being the Y-axis, and the height direction being the Z-axis. With the convex surface of the laminate facing downward, the direction from bottom to top is the +Z-axis direction, and the opposite direction is the -Z-axis direction. In the following description, the +Z-axis direction may be referred to as up or upward, and the -Z-axis direction may be referred to as down or downward, but this does not represent a universal relationship between the top and bottom.

[0015] The main surface of the laminate 1A is curved downward in a convex shape so that the arrow height of the laminate 1A is 90 mm or more. The arrow height of the laminate 1A corresponds to the arrow height of one of the pair of plate materials.

[0016] 2A, in plan view, the laminate 1A has a substantially semicircular portion from the center in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction) to one end (+Y-axis direction) and a substantially rectangular portion from the center in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction) to the other end (-Y-axis direction). The shape of the laminate 1A in plan view is not particularly limited, and may be designed to have any shape appropriate for the application, etc.

[0017] 2B, the laminate 1A has a first plate material 10 and a second plate material 20 that are stacked in the plate thickness direction, and an intermediate layer 30A provided between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20. The first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are joined via the intermediate layer 30A.

[0018] (First plate and second plate) The first plate 10 and the second plate 20 are plates whose main surfaces are curved to have a predetermined curvature. They each have a convex-side main surface 10a, 20a that protrudes in the plate thickness direction and a concave-side main surface 10b, 20b opposite the convex-side main surface 10a, 20a. The concave-side main surface 10b of the first plate 10 and the convex-side main surface 20a of the second plate 20 are stacked facing each other, and the radius of curvature of the concave-side main surface 10b of the first plate 10 is larger than the radius of curvature of the convex-side main surface 20a of the second plate 20. As a result, the distance between the stacked first plate 10 and second plate 20 in the plate thickness direction is substantially constant from the center to the edge of the laminate 1A. The distance may be set as appropriate and may be, for example, 0.5 mm or less.

[0019] The central portion is a portion (region) including the center of gravity of the laminate 1A in a plan view (viewed from the normal direction of the plane) when the laminate 1A is placed on a plane with the concave-side main surface 20b of the second plate member 20 facing the plane. For example, when the area of ​​the laminate 1A in a plan view is 100%, the central portion may be a region including the center of gravity and having an area of ​​30% inside the end face. Under the above conditions, the central portion may be a region of 20%, 10%, or 5%.

[0020] The end face 11 of the first plate material 10 has a fixing end face 111 on the other end side in the longitudinal direction of the first plate material 10 (in the -Y-axis direction), and the end face 21 of the second plate material 20 has a fixing end face 211 on the other end side in the longitudinal direction of the first plate material 10 (in the -Y-axis direction). When the laminate 1A is placed on the surface on which the laminate 1A is to be placed, with the convex main surfaces 10a, 20a of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 facing each other, the fixing end face 111 and the fixing end face 211 are both perpendicular to the surface on which the laminate 1A is to be placed, and are located at approximately the same position in a plan view of the laminate 1A.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 3 , the laminate 1A is formed by stacking a first plate 10 and a second plate 20, each having a curved main surface, such that the concave main surface 10b of the first plate 10 and the convex main surface 20a of the second plate 20 face each other with an intermediate layer 30A interposed therebetween. The fixing end surface 111 of the first plate 10 and the fixing end surface 211 of the second plate 20 are formed so as to be perpendicular to the installation surface 2 of the laminate 1A. As a result, in the laminate 1A, even if the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 are significantly curved and have a high arrow height, the fixing end surfaces 111 and 211 can simultaneously come into contact with the positioning pins 3, which are provided perpendicular to the installation surface 2. Therefore, when the second plate 20 is stacked on the first plate 10, the positions of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 can be fixed simultaneously. When forming the laminate 1A, the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 can be accurately positioned, so even when the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are stacked via an intermediate layer 30A, misalignment of the end faces of the first plate material 10, the second plate material 20, and the intermediate layer 30A is suppressed, resulting in a structure in which the plates are stacked with precision as designed.

[0022] At least one of the first plate member 10 and the second plate member 20 (hereinafter simply referred to as a "pair of plate members") is made of a glass plate.

[0023] Materials for forming the glass plate include inorganic glass and organic glass, and inorganic glass is preferably used.

[0024] Examples of inorganic glass include soda lime silicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, borate glass, lithium aluminosilicate glass, and borosilicate glass. The method for forming a glass plate made of inorganic glass is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use, for example, a float method. Furthermore, the glass plate made of inorganic glass may be untempered glass. Untempered glass is glass obtained by forming molten glass into a plate shape and slowly cooling it, and is glass that has not been subjected to a tempering treatment such as an air-cooling tempering treatment or a chemical tempering treatment. By using untempered glass, even if the glass plate is broken by impact, mesh-like or spider web-like cracks are less likely to occur. Furthermore, tempered glass may also be used.

[0025] Examples of organic glass include PMMA-based resins, PC-based resins, PS-based resins, PET-based resins, and cellulose-based resins, which are generally used as transparent resins.

[0026] One of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 may be made of a material other than a glass plate. Examples of materials other than a glass plate include resin materials, metals, ceramics, fiber materials, and composite materials. Any appropriate material may be used depending on the application.

[0027] The resin material is preferably a resin other than the resin used in organic glass, and is preferably a resin that can be molded into a plate shape or a curved surface.

[0028] Examples of metals include aluminum, magnesium, copper, silver, gold, iron, titanium, stainless steel (SUS), and alloys.

[0029] Examples of ceramics include Al2O3, SiC, Si3N4, AlN, mullite, zirconia, yttria, YAG, etc. Furthermore, it is preferable that the ceramics have optical transparency.

[0030] Fiber materials include carbon fiber and Kevlar® fiber.

[0031] An example of a composite material is a resin material in which a fiber material is mixed with a resin material.

[0032] The first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 may have the same thickness or may have different thicknesses. However, it is preferable that the thickness of the first plate material 10 is greater than the thickness of the second plate material 20.

[0033] The thickness of the first plate material 10 is preferably 1.1 mm to 6.0 mm in terms of rigidity and weight. The lower limit of the thickness of the first plate material 10 is more preferably 1.5 mm or more, and even more preferably 2.0 mm or more. The upper limit of the thickness of the first plate material 10 is more preferably 4.5 mm or less, even more preferably 4.0 mm or less, and particularly preferably 3.5 mm or less.

[0034] The thickness of the second plate material 20 is preferably 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm in terms of rigidity and weight. The lower limit of the thickness of the second plate material 20 is more preferably 1.0 mm or more, and even more preferably 1.5 mm or more. The upper limit of the thickness of the second plate material 20 is more preferably 3.0 mm or less, even more preferably 2.5 mm or less, and particularly preferably 2.1 mm or less.

[0035] The overall thickness of the laminate 1A may be 1.6 mm to 8.5 mm.

[0036] The difference in thickness between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is preferably 0.7 mm or less, more preferably 0.6 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.5 mm or less. If the difference is 0.7 mm or less, the first plate material 10 can exhibit its strength while the second plate material 20 can be made thinner and lighter.

[0037] The arrow height of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 is 90 mm or more, and may be 100 mm or more, or 150 mm or more. The upper limit of the arrow height of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 may be selected appropriately depending on the shape, size, etc. of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20, as long as it is 2000 mm or less.

[0038] The arrow height is the maximum bending depth of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, as shown in Figure 4, and refers to the difference (maximum value) between the deepest position in the center of the main surface of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 and the end.

[0039] Taking into account the thickness of the intermediate layer 30A, it is preferable that the radius of curvature of the second plate material 20 is smaller than the radius of curvature of the first plate material 10, and for example, it may be smaller by 1 mm or more, 5 mm or more, or 10 mm or more than the radius of curvature of the first plate material 10.

[0040] The central angle with respect to the arc length of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 may be appropriately selected depending on the degree of curvature of the designed laminate, and is, for example, preferably 110° or more, or may be 115° or more, or may be 130° or more. The upper limit of the central angle may be 180° or less.

[0041] The central angle with respect to the arc length refers to the central angle (minimum value) of the radius of curvature of the arc length when the length in the width direction (horizontal direction in Figure 4) of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is taken as the chord length, as shown in Figure 4.

[0042] The configurations of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 (materials constituting the plate materials, manufacturing methods of the plate materials, etc.) may be the same or different from each other.

[0043] When the second plate material 20 is bonded to the first plate material 10 via the intermediate layer 30A, the second plate material 20 may be pressed so that the radius of curvature of the second plate material 20 becomes large, and then bonded to the first plate material 10 via the intermediate layer 30A.

[0044] The curved surfaces of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 have multiple curved surfaces with multiple radii of curvature, but may also be a single curved surface. That is, the laminate 1A has a complex curved shape curved in both the width direction (X-axis direction) and the length direction (Y-axis direction) in a plan view, but may also be a single curved shape curved only in the width direction or only in the length direction. Furthermore, one of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 may have a complex curved shape, and the other may have a single curved shape. It is preferable that the radius of curvature of the concave-side main surface 10b of the first plate 10 is larger than the radius of curvature of the convex-side main surface 20a of the second plate 20.

[0045] (middle class) 2B, the intermediate layer 30A has a liquid layer 31 and sealing portions 32 provided on the outer edges of the first plate member 10 and the second plate member 20 to join the first plate member 10 and the second plate member 20 to each other. The intermediate layer 30A may be composed of a solid phase, or may be composed of a solid phase containing liquid in the form of a sol (liquid state) or a gel (semi-solid state), or may be composed of a solid phase containing gas.

[0046] The liquid layer 31 is disposed between the first plate member 10 and the second plate member 20 and is sealed in an internal space surrounded by the first plate member 10, the second plate member 20 and the seal portion 32.

[0047] The liquid layer 31 may be formed using a liquid agent for an intermediate layer (hereinafter also simply referred to as a liquid agent).

[0048] The viscosity coefficient of the liquid at 25°C is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately depending on the application of the laminate 1A. The viscosity coefficient of the liquid at 25°C is 1×10 3 Pa·s or less is preferable, and 1×10 2The viscosity coefficient at 25°C is preferably 1×10 Pa·s or less, more preferably 1×10 Pa·s or less. -3 Pa·s or more is preferable, and 1×10 -2 The viscosity coefficient of the liquid at 25°C is more preferably 1×10 Pa·s or more, and even more preferably 1×10 Pa·s or more. -3 Pa·s~1×10 3 If the viscosity is Pa·s, it is easy to stretch the lamination surface during lamination while maintaining an appropriate liquid thickness before lamination. The viscosity coefficient can be measured using a rotational viscometer or the like.

[0049] The surface tension of the liquid at 25°C is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately depending on the application of the laminate 1A. The surface tension of the liquid at 25°C is preferably 15 N / m to 80 mN / m. The surface tension is more preferably 20 mN / m or more, and even more preferably 30 mN / m or more. If the surface tension of the liquid at 25°C is 15 N / m to 80 mN / m, the liquid will spread in-plane and will be easily sealed without voids. The surface tension can be measured by the ring method or the like.

[0050] The vapor pressure of the liquid agent at 25°C and 1 atm is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately depending on the application of the laminate 1A, etc. If the vapor pressure of the liquid layer 31 is too high, it may evaporate and no longer function as the laminate 1A. Therefore, the vapor pressure of the liquid agent at 25°C and 1 atm is set to, for example, 1 x 10 4 It can be set to Pa or less.

[0051] The liquid layer 31 is preferably chemically stable and does not react with the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20. Chemical stability means, for example, that it is little altered (deteriorated) by light irradiation, or that it does not solidify, vaporize, decompose, discolor, or chemically react with glass at least in the temperature range of -20°C to 70°C.

[0052] Examples of liquid agents include water, oil, organic solvents, liquid polymers, ionic liquids, and mixtures thereof. More specifically, examples include propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, straight silicone oil (dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, methylhydrogen silicone oil), modified silicone oil, acrylic acid-based polymers, liquid polybutadiene, glycerin paste, fluorine-based solvents, fluorine-based resins, acetone, ethanol, xylene, toluene, water, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof. Among these, it is preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, methylhydrogen silicone oil, and modified silicone oil, and it is more preferable to use propylene glycol or silicone oil as the main component. Furthermore, using silicone oil as the main component is preferable because the liquid layer 31 easily dissolves air, thereby suppressing the formation of air bubbles.

[0053] From the viewpoint of imparting design properties and functionality such as coloring or fluorescence to the laminate 1A, the liquid agent may be a slurry in which powder is dispersed, or may contain a fluorescent material.

[0054] The content of the powder in the liquid is preferably 0% to 10% by volume, more preferably 0% to 5% by volume. From the viewpoint of preventing sedimentation, the particle size of the powder is preferably 10 nm to 1 μm, more preferably 10 nm to 0.5 μm.

[0055] The sealing portions 32 are provided at and near the ends of the concave main surface 10b of the first plate material 10 and the convex main surface 20a of the second plate material 20, and join the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 together. The sealing portions 32 can seal the liquid layer 31 in the inner space surrounded by the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20.

[0056] The material forming the seal portion 32 may be formed using a sealant.

[0057] The sealing agent prevents leakage of the liquid agent and also suppresses peeling at the interface between the plate materials (first plate material 10 and second plate material 20) and the liquid layer 31.

[0058] The sealant must not run off when applied to the plate material, and must be strong enough to withstand the weight of the plate materials when they are bonded together. From this perspective, the viscosity coefficient of the sealant at 25°C is preferably 1 x 10 -1 The viscosity coefficient at 25°C is preferably 1 x 10 or more, more preferably 1 x 10 or more, from the viewpoints of good handling properties during application, a certain leveling property, and the ability to apply to a narrow seal width. 3 Pa·s or less, and more preferably 1×10 2 It is less than Pa·s.

[0059] Furthermore, the viscosity coefficient of the sealant is preferably higher than that of the liquid agent from the viewpoint of efficiently removing air bubbles from the liquid layer 31. When the air bubbles remaining in the liquid layer 31 are removed in a decompression step during the production of the laminate 1A, which will be described later, a flow path for the air bubbles to move is more easily secured if the viscosity coefficient of the sealant is higher than that of the liquid agent.

[0060] Examples of the sealing agent include highly elastic rubber, resin, gel, etc. Examples of the resin used for the sealing agent include acrylic, cyanoacrylate, epoxy, silicone, urethane, and phenolic resins.

[0061] Curing methods include one-component type, two-component mixed type, heat curing, ultraviolet curing, and visible light curing.

[0062] Thermoplastic resins (hot melt bonds) can also be used as sealing agents, including, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyolefin, polyamide, synthetic rubber, acrylic, and polyurethane types.

[0063] The sealant may also be a moisture condensation type resin.

[0064] Examples of rubber that can be used include natural rubber, synthetic natural rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (Hypalon), urethane rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber (Thiokol), and hydrogenated nitrile rubber.

[0065] The thickness of the intermediate layer 30A may be appropriately selected depending on the shape of the laminate 1A, and is preferably 2.0 mm or less, and may be 1.6 mm or less, or 1.0 mm or less, for example. The lower limit of the thickness of the intermediate layer 30A should be such that it can function to bond the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 together, and may be, for example, 0.3 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, or 0.7 mm or more.

[0066] The thickness of the intermediate layer 30A is the thickness from the interface (concave main surface 10b) between the intermediate layer 30A and the first plate member 10 to the interface (convex main surface 20a) between the intermediate layer 30A and the second plate member 20. When a functional member such as a display member such as a light control panel is disposed in the intermediate layer 30A, the thickness of the intermediate layer 30A is the thickness of the intermediate layer 30A only, excluding the thickness of the functional member. In other words, the thickness of the intermediate layer 30A is the distance from the interface (concave main surface 10b) between the intermediate layer 30A and the first plate member 10 to the interface (convex main surface 20a) between the intermediate layer 30A and the second plate member 20, minus the thickness of the functional member.

[0067] A light-shielding layer may be provided on the periphery of the laminate 1A to protect a sealant or the like that adheres and holds the laminate 1A to an adherend. The light-shielding layer can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste of a low brightness color such as black, gray, or brown, which contains a fusible glass frit containing a black pigment, and then firing the paste. The light-shielding layer may be formed on the periphery of one or more of the concave-side main surface 10b, the convex-side main surface 20a, and the concave-side main surface 20b of the laminate 1A, preferably on at least one of the concave-side main surface 10b and the concave-side main surface 20b. The light-shielding layer may be provided over a distance of 10 mm to 300 mm from the peripheral edge of the plate material.

[0068] [Method of manufacturing laminate] Next, an example of a method for manufacturing a laminate according to this embodiment will be described. Figures 5 to 8 are explanatory views showing an outline of the steps for manufacturing a laminate 1A. As shown in Figure 5, in the method for manufacturing a laminate according to this embodiment, two prepared flat plate materials are bent to prepare a pair of two curved plate materials (a first plate material 10 and a second plate material 20) (plate material preparation step).

[0069] The flat plate material may be bent by any suitable method depending on the type of plate material. When the plate material is a flat glass plate, the bending may be performed by roller bending, gravity bending, press bending, or a combination thereof.

[0070] The two flat plate materials may be bent separately. The two flat plate materials are bent so as to be convex downward (vertically downward), for example.

[0071] The bending is a complex bending process in which a flat plate material is bent in two directions, its width direction and its vertical direction, but depending on the shape of the pair of plate materials (first plate material 10 and second plate material 20), it may be a single bending process in which the flat plate material is bent in only one direction, for example, only in the width direction or the vertical direction of the flat plate material.

[0072] The radius of curvature of the pair of plate materials (first plate material 10 and second plate material 20) obtained by the plate material preparation step depends on the size of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, and may be, for example, 100 mm to 10,000 mm. The pair of plate materials (first plate material 10 and second plate material 20) are shaped so that the radius of curvature of the first plate material 10 in the laminate 1A is larger than the radius of curvature of the second plate material 20. By bending, the first plate material 10 includes a first curvature on at least a portion of its main surface (convex-side main surface 10a and concave-side main surface 10b), and the second plate material 20 includes a second curvature larger than the first curvature on at least a portion of its main surface (convex-side main surface 20a and concave-side main surface 20b).

[0073] The magnitudes of the first curvature and the second curvature are not particularly limited as long as the second curvature is larger than the first curvature, and may be selected appropriately depending on the size, shape, etc. of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20.

[0074] The regions of the first curvature and the second curvature are not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately depending on the size, shape, etc. of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20. The first curvature and the second curvature may be formed over the entire main surfaces of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, or may be formed only on the outer periphery of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 and the surrounding region.

[0075] The maximum distance (gap amount) between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 before bonding the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is preferably 2.7 mm or less, more preferably 2.3 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.7 mm or less. If the gap amount is 2.7 mm or less, it is easy to bond the second plate material 20 to the first plate material 10 via the intermediate layer 30A.

[0076] Next, as shown in Figure 6, a liquid agent 121 and a sealant 122 are applied to the concave main surface 10b of the first plate material 10 (see Figure 6(a)), and the second plate material 20 is stacked so that the convex main surface 20a of the second plate material 20 faces the concave main surface 10b of the first plate material 10 to which the liquid agent 121 and the sealant 122 have been applied (see Figure 6(b)), thereby producing a laminate (stacking process).

[0077] 6, the liquid agent 121 and the sealant 122 are hatched to clearly show the difference between them. Similarly, in FIGS. 7 and 8, the liquid agent 121 and the sealant 122 are hatched.

[0078] The liquid agent 121 is applied to the plate surface on the inner side of the fixing end face 111 of the concave-side main surface 10b to which the sealant 122 is applied, and the sealant 122 is applied to the fixing end face 111 of the concave-side main surface 10b. The liquid agent 121 and the sealant 122 may be applied by other methods such as spray supply or transfer other than application.

[0079] The order of application of the liquid agent 121 and the sealant 122 does not matter. The liquid agent 121 may be applied first to the concave-side main surface 10b of the first plate material 10 at a location where the liquid layer 31 is to be formed, and then the sealant 122 may be applied so as to surround the outer periphery thereof, or the sealant 122 may be applied first to the concave-side main surface 10b of the first plate material 10, and then the liquid agent 121 may be applied to the inner periphery thereof.

[0080] The application pattern of the liquid agent 121 is not particularly limited, and the liquid agent may be applied in a dotted, layered, grid, striped, etc. Among these, a dotted pattern is preferred from the viewpoint of easily securing a flow path for air bubbles to escape.

[0081] The thickness of the liquid agent 121 to be applied may be set appropriately so that the thickness of the liquid layer 31 falls within a desired range, and is preferably 5 μm to 500 μm.

[0082] The sealant 122 is preferably applied so as to surround the outer periphery of the liquid agent 121. In this case, the area of ​​the applied portion of the sealant 122 may be set appropriately depending on the use of the laminate 1A, and may be, for example, 20% or less of the area of ​​the applied portion of the liquid agent 121.

[0083] The thickness of the sealant 122 applied is preferably larger than the thickness of the liquid agent 121 applied, from the viewpoint of making it easier to secure a flow path for air bubbles to escape, and may be, for example, 10 μm to 1000 μm.

[0084] The liquid agent 121 and the sealant 122 are applied by known methods such as screen printing and a dispenser.

[0085] Next, as shown in Figure 7A, a laminate in which a second plate material 20 is laminated on a first plate material 10 to which a liquid agent 121 and a sealant 122 have been applied is placed on a stage 100 so that the concave side main surface 10b of the first plate material 10 and the concave side main surface 20b of the second plate material 20 face upward (installation process).

[0086] Positioning pins 110 that contact the end face 11 of the first plate material 10 and the end face 21 of the second plate material 20 are provided perpendicular to the stage 100. The positioning pins 110 may include two positioning pins 110A that contact the fixing end face 111 of the first plate material 10 and the fixing end face 211 of the second plate material 20, and two positioning pins 110B that contact the end face of the first plate material 10 in the width direction (X-axis direction).

[0087] 7B, the fixing end face 111 of the first plate material 10 and the fixing end face 211 of the second plate material 20 are simultaneously brought into contact with the positioning pin 110A, and the end face in the width direction (X-axis direction) of the first plate material 10 is brought into contact with two positioning pins 110B. This allows the positions of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 to be fixed on the stage 100, thereby preventing the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 from shifting in position.

[0088] Next, with the positions of the first plate material 10, the second plate material 20 and the sealant 122 fixed with the positioning pins 110, the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are bonded together via an intermediate layer 30A consisting of a liquid layer 31 made of the liquid agent 121 and a seal portion 32 made of the sealant 122 (bonding process).

[0089] As a result, a laminate 1A is obtained in which the liquid layer 31 made of the liquid agent 121 and the seal portion 32 made of the sealant 122 are formed between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20.

[0090] 8, in the laminating step, the end of the second plate material 20 is pressed against the first plate material 10, and the second plate material 20 is deformed in a direction that reduces its curvature (a direction that increases the radius of curvature). This allows the two plates to be laminated together without creating a gap between the first plate material 10, the second plate material 20, and the intermediate layer 30A that is made up of the liquid layer 31 made of the liquid agent 121 and the seal portion 32 made of the sealant 122.

[0091] Furthermore, since the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are not deformed in a direction in which their curvature increases (a direction in which the radius of curvature decreases), it is possible to prevent stress from concentrating on the main surfaces of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20. This makes it possible to prevent cracks from occurring on the main surfaces of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, particularly on the convex-side main surface 10a and the concave-side main surface 20b.

[0092] Furthermore, when the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are bonded together via the intermediate layer 30A, the second plate material 20 is deformed in a direction that reduces the curvature, so that the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are bonded together from the center of the concave main surface 10b of the first plate material 10 and the convex main surface 20a of the second plate material 20, and air can be pushed out without remaining on the bonding surface.

[0093] The stress applied to the end of the second plate 20 toward the first plate 10 may be appropriately selected depending on the size and curvature of the second plate 20, but for example, it may be 0.1 N / mm 2 ~3N / mm 2 If the stress is within the above-mentioned preferable range, the second plate material 20 can be bonded to the first plate material 10 via the intermediate layer 30A without causing insufficient embedding of the intermediate layer 30A between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20.

[0094] Furthermore, when bonding the second plate material 20 to the first plate material 10 via the intermediate layer 30A, only the edge of the second plate material 20 may be pressed toward the first plate material 10, or, for example, the second plate material 20 may be pressed toward the first plate material 10 from approximately the center of the concave-side main surface 20b of the second plate material 20 toward the edge. This allows the second plate material 20 to be bonded to the first plate material 10 via the intermediate layer 30A while pushing out internal air so as not to cause insufficient embedding of the intermediate layer 30A in the approximately central portion between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20.

[0095] The lamination is preferably performed under normal pressure. By subjecting the laminated body to reduced pressure, a laminate 1A is obtained in which the space between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is filled with the liquid agent 121 and the sealant 122.

[0096] In the vacuum lamination method, it is difficult to hold two plates with good positional accuracy under reduced pressure, making it difficult to laminate them without misalignment. However, by laminating them under normal pressure, it is possible to laminate a pair of plates with good positional accuracy.

[0097] It is preferable not to heat the laminate during the process of obtaining the laminate by lamination, since the plate material is easily deformed and the sealant 122 softens due to heat, making it difficult to secure a flow path for air bubbles to escape and making degassing difficult.

[0098] (Decompression degassing of laminate) The laminate obtained as described above may be subjected to reduced pressure, so that even if air bubbles are present in the liquid layer 31 when applying the liquid agent 121 or laminating the pair of plates, the air bubbles will gradually move to the outer edges of the pair of plates and be released outside the laminate 1A.

[0099] Specifically, the laminate 1A is subjected to an atmosphere of preferably 100 Pa or less, more preferably 50 Pa or less. If the atmosphere is at or below the above-mentioned value, air is prevented from remaining between the pair of plate materials and the liquid layer 31, which prevents the liquid layer 31 from being insufficiently embedded between the pair of plate materials, and the pair of plate materials can be more reliably bonded together via the liquid layer 31.

[0100] The time for which the laminate 1A is subjected to reduced pressure depends on the degassing speed, but is preferably 1 to 180 minutes.

[0101] From the viewpoint of efficiently releasing bubbles by rapidly reducing the pressure, the time required for the pressure to reach 100 Pa or less is preferably 30 minutes or less, more preferably 15 minutes or less, and even more preferably 10 minutes or less.

[0102] Examples of methods for subjecting the laminate to reduced pressure include a method using a reduced pressure chamber, or a method in which the laminate is placed in a bag made of rubber or the like and the bag is degassed (rubber pack method).

[0103] In this case, from the viewpoint of enabling rapid decompression, the ratio of the spatial volume (L) in the decompression chamber to the exhaust capacity (L / min) in the decompression chamber (spatial volume (L) in the decompression chamber / exhaust capacity (L / min) in the decompression chamber) is preferably 1.8 or less, more preferably 1.5 or less, and even more preferably 0.9 or less.

[0104] (Pressure of laminated body) It is preferable to pressurize the laminate after subjecting it to reduced pressure, so that air that cannot be completely removed by the reduced pressure alone can be pushed out of the liquid layer 31.

[0105] Examples of the pressing method include a method in which the laminate is temporarily pressed (preliminary pressing) by the rubber pack method or the nip roller method using a roll, and then pressed (main pressing) by heating and pressing using an autoclave.

[0106] The pressure inside the autoclave is preferably 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa.

[0107] The pressure bonding time is preferably 1 minute to 30 minutes.

[0108] (liquid hardening) The liquid layer 31 obtained from the liquid agent 121 may be cured as necessary, and when cured particularly after degassing, the intermediate layer 30A is made of a solid phase. In this case, there is no air remaining in the intermediate layer 30A, which is preferable.

[0109] The means for hardening the liquid agent 121 can be selected appropriately depending on the material of the sealant 122. Furthermore, the liquid agent 121 may be made of the same material as the sealant 122. If the sealant 122 is a photocurable resin, it may be hardened by irradiation with light such as ultraviolet light, and if the sealant 122 is a thermosetting resin, it may be hardened by heating.

[0110] The gap that occurs at the fixing end surface 111 between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is filled with the applied liquid agent 121 and sealing agent 122 (hereinafter also referred to as the coating liquid), and the gap is also reduced by the deflection that occurs between the plates. In addition, the viscosity of the coating liquid and the viscous friction resistance between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 keep the gap sealed. Furthermore, when air bubbles are discharged, the coating liquid is not crushed, so the air bubbles pass through the coating liquid (sealing portion 32) and are smoothly discharged.

[0111] (sealant hardening) The sealant 122 may be cured as needed, thereby reliably preventing leakage of the liquid layer 31.

[0112] The curing means can be appropriately selected depending on the material of the sealant 122. If the sealant 122 is a photocurable resin, it may be cured by irradiation with light such as ultraviolet light, and if it is a thermosetting resin, it may be cured by heating.

[0113] In the method for manufacturing a laminate according to this embodiment, when the laminate is placed on the stage 100 in the placement step, four positioning pins 110 are provided on the stage 100, but the number of positioning pins 110 is not limited to four. As long as the positioning pins 110 come into contact with at least the fixing end face 111 of the first plate material 10 and the fixing end face 211 of the second plate material 20 and can fix the positions of the first plate material 10, the second plate material 20, and the intermediate layer 30A on the stage 100, the number of positioning pins 110 may be two or more.

[0114] For example, when there are two positioning pins 110, two positioning pins 110A contact the fixing end faces 111 and 211 of the laminate, fixing the positions of the first plate material 10, the second plate material 20, and the intermediate layer 30A, as shown in Fig. 9A. When there are three positioning pins 110, two positioning pins 110A contact the fixing end faces 111 and 211 of the laminate, and one positioning pin 110B contacts the end face in the width direction (-X axis direction) of the first plate material 10, fixing the positions of the first plate material 10, the second plate material 20, and the intermediate layer 30A, as shown in Fig. 9B.

[0115] In the method for manufacturing a laminate according to this embodiment, in the installation step, when the laminate is installed on the stage 100, the convex main surfaces 10a and 20a of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 face downward, but the convex main surfaces 10a and 20a of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 may face upward and the concave main surfaces 10b and 20b of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 may face downward.

[0116] As described above, the laminate 1A includes a first plate 10, a second plate 20, and an intermediate layer 30A, and at least one of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 is made of a glass plate. The arrow height of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 is 90 mm or more. When the laminate 1A is placed on an installation surface with the convex main surfaces 10a, 20a of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 facing downward, the fixing end surfaces 111 and 211, which are part of the end surfaces 11 and 21 of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20, are perpendicular to the installation surface. As a result, the fixing end surfaces 111 and 211 simultaneously contact the two positioning pins 110A, and the other end surfaces of the end surface 11 of the first plate 10 other than the fixing end surface 111 contact the two positioning pins 110B. Therefore, the positions of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 can be fixed when the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are bonded together, so that even if the main surfaces of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are significantly curved and the bending depth is large, misalignment of the end faces 11 and 21 of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is suppressed. Therefore, the laminate 1A has a laminate structure in which the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are precisely laminated according to the design, with misalignment of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 suppressed, without being affected by the magnitude of the bending depth of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20.

[0117] In the laminate 1A, the intermediate layer 30A is preferably formed in a solid phase, which allows the laminate 1A to be arranged in a state where the intermediate layer 30A is stably sandwiched between the first plate member 10 and the second plate member 20 even in a solid state.

[0118] In the laminate 1A, the intermediate layer 30A preferably contains a liquid layer 31. This allows the laminate 1A to be disposed in a state where the intermediate layer 30A is sandwiched between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, even if the intermediate layer 30A contains a liquid and is formed between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20.

[0119] The laminate 1A preferably has a structure in which the end faces 11 and 21 of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 contact at least two points on a surface perpendicular to the installation surface on which the laminate 1A is placed. The first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 can simultaneously contact two positioning pins 110A provided perpendicular to the stage 100 on which the laminate 1A is placed at the fixing end faces 111 and 21, respectively, and the first plate material 10 can be fixed by the remaining two positioning pins 110B. Therefore, even if the bending depth of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is large, the laminate 1A can be stacked while minimizing misalignment of the end faces 11 and 21 of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, resulting in a laminate structure that is stacked with precision according to the design.

[0120] In the laminate 1A, it is preferable that the thickness of the first plate 10 is 1.1 mm to 6.0 mm and the thickness of the second plate 20 is 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm. This allows the first plate 10 to be thicker than the second plate 20, so that the first plate 10 ensures the rigidity required for the laminate 1A, while the thickness of the second plate 20 can be reduced, thereby reducing the weight of the laminate 1A. Therefore, the laminate 1A can ensure its rigidity and be lightweight.

[0121] In the laminate 1A, it is preferable that the central angle of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 with respect to the arc length of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is 110° or more. As a result, even if the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are plate materials having a central angle of 110° or more, the laminate 1A can be laminated while preventing misalignment of the end faces 11 and 21 of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20.

[0122] In the laminate 1A, it is preferable that the difference in thickness between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 be 0.7 mm or less. Since the first plate material 10 can be made thicker than the second plate material 20, if the difference in thickness between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is 0.7 mm or less, the laminate 1A can more reliably achieve both ensuring its rigidity and reducing its weight.

[0123] In the laminate 1A, the intermediate layer 30A is preferably formed by curing the liquid agent 121 and the sealant 122 while they are disposed between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20. This allows the intermediate layer 30A to be formed by curing the liquid layer 31 and the seal portion 32. Therefore, the laminate 1A can be disposed between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, with the cured products of the liquid layer 31 and the seal portion 32 being sandwiched as the intermediate layer 30A.

[0124] In the laminate 1A, it is preferable that at least one of the liquid agent 121 and the sealant 122 of the intermediate layer 30A contains silicone. By containing silicone, the liquid layer 31 of the intermediate layer 30A can easily dissolve air, suppressing the formation of air bubbles and thereby suppressing the generation of gaps between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20. Therefore, the laminate 1A adheres the intermediate layer 30A to the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20.

[0125] In the laminate 1A, the intermediate layer 30A preferably includes a sealing portion 32 that joins the first plate member 10 and the second plate member 20 together and seals the liquid layer 31 in an inner space surrounded by the sealing portion 32. This prevents air from entering the liquid layer 31 in the laminate 1A.

[0126] In the laminate 1A, the first sheet 10 and the second sheet 20 are preferably glass sheets. As a result, even if the laminate 1A is a laminated glass having a large bending depth in which the first sheet 10 and the second sheet 20 are glass sheets, the laminate 1A can be laminated while minimizing misalignment of the end faces 11 and 21 of the first sheet 10 and the second sheet 20, and therefore can be used as a high-quality laminated glass.

[0127] In the laminate 1A, it is preferable that the thickness of the first plate material 10 is greater than the thickness of the second plate material 20. This increases the strength of the first plate material 10, thereby increasing the strength against external impacts. Therefore, the laminate 1A has a higher strength.

[0128] In the laminate 1A, it is preferable that the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 have the same shape as each other in a plan view. In this case, all of the end faces 11 and 21 of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 become fixing end faces 111 and 211, and can simultaneously come into contact with all of the positioning pins 110 provided perpendicular to the stage 100 on which the laminate 1A is placed. Therefore, even if the bending depth of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is large, the laminate 1A can be laminated in a state where misalignment of the end faces 11 and 21 of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 is more reliably suppressed, making it easier to form a laminated structure that is stacked with high precision.

[0129] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10 , the laminate 1B may include a solid layer 40 between the first plate 10 or the second plate 20 and the intermediate layer 30A. The solid layer 40 may include a first solid layer 40A provided between the first plate 10 and the intermediate layer 30A, and a second solid layer 40B provided between the second plate 20 and the intermediate layer 30A. The solid layer 40 may include only one of the first solid layer 40A and the second solid layer 40B. For example, when either the first plate 10 or the second plate 20 is a glass plate, the solid layer 40 may be provided between the plate made of glass and the intermediate layer 30A. When the first plate 10 or the second plate 20 is a glass plate, the solid layer 40 preferably includes the first solid layer 40A and the second solid layer 40B.

[0130] The solid layer 40 can be made of a resin material, a composite material, a fiber material, a metal material, or the like. It may be a single layer or multiple layers. It preferably contains a resin material or may be made entirely of a resin material. Examples of resin materials include silicone, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), PMMA-based resin, PI-based resin, PC-based resin, PS-based resin, PET-based resin, cellulose-based resin, PVA resin, and PVB resin. The solid layer 40 preferably has transparency in the visible light range. The thickness of the solid layer 40 may be any appropriate thickness. It is preferable that the thickness of the solid layer 40 be thinner than the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, e.g., 2 mm or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the solid layer 40 is not particularly limited, but it may be, for example, 100 nm or more.

[0131] The first solid layer 40A may be provided on the entire concave main surface 10b of the first plate 10, or may be provided on a portion excluding the fixing end surface 111 on which the seal portion 32 is provided. Similarly, the second solid layer 40B may be provided on the entire convex main surface 20a of the second plate 20, or may be provided on a portion excluding the fixing end surface 111 on which the seal portion 32 is provided.

[0132] The laminate 1B can suppress shattering when at least one of the pair of plate materials is broken by having the solid layer 40. For example, when the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 are glass plates, the solid layer 40 suppresses shattering of the glass plates and also prevents the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20 from penetrating the intermediate layer 30A.

[0133] In the laminate 1B, the solid layer 40 preferably contains a resin material. This allows the laminate 1B to prevent at least one of the pair of plates from shattering if it is broken. For example, if the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 are glass plates, the resin material prevents the glass from shattering.

[0134] In manufacturing the laminate 1B, in the above-mentioned plate material preparation process, at least one of a plate material having a first solid layer 40A bonded to the concave main surface 10b of the first plate material 10 and a plate material having a second solid layer 40B bonded to the convex main surface 20a of the second plate material 20 is prepared in advance, and the installation process and the bonding process are carried out.

[0135] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the laminate 1C may include an intermediate layer 30B prepared in advance using a resin material or the like, instead of the intermediate layer 30A of the laminate 1A.

[0136] In this case, the material of the intermediate layer 30B is not particularly limited as long as it is flexible and can deform along the pair of plates, but a thermoplastic resin is preferred. Examples of thermoplastic resins include conventionally used thermoplastic resins such as plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, and ionomer resins. Furthermore, resin compositions containing commonly known modified hydrogenated block copolymers, such as those described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221, are also suitable. Among these, plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins are preferred because of their excellent balance of properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. The above thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination. The term "plasticized" in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means that the resin has been plasticized by adding a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticized resins.

[0137] The intermediate layer 30B may be made of a resin that does not contain a plasticizer, such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin.

[0138] Examples of the polyvinyl acetal resin include polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetal resin in the narrow sense obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, and polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) obtained by reacting PVA with n-butylaldehyde. PVB is particularly suitable because of its excellent balance of properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. The above resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using PVB as the polyvinyl acetal resin, it is preferable to use a PVB having sound insulation properties, which is formed by laminating two or more materials with different glass transition temperatures Tg, in order to improve the sound insulation of the laminate 1C.

[0139] When manufacturing the laminate 1C, in the lamination process described above, an intermediate layer 30B is placed between the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, and a laminate is produced in which the first plate material 10, the second plate material 20, and the intermediate layer 30B are stacked so that the concave main surface 10b of the first plate material 10 and the concave main surface 20b of the second plate material 20 face upward, and then the installation process and the lamination process are carried out.

[0140] In this embodiment, the laminate 1A has a configuration in which a pair of plate materials (first plate material 10 and second plate material 20) are bonded together with an intermediate layer 30A sandwiched therebetween, but the number of each plate material in the pair may be any appropriate number.

[0141] In this embodiment, the shapes of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 are not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 1 . They may have a height of 90 mm or more, and at least a portion of the end faces 11 and 21 of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 may be perpendicular to the installation surface when the laminate 1A is placed on the surface with the curved convex side facing downward. For example, as shown in FIG. 12A , the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 may have a substantially dome-shaped shape with a flat surface on the bottom, and a protrusion on the side facing the upper opening that protrudes in a convex manner in a direction substantially parallel to the installation surface and has an end face perpendicular to the installation surface. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12B , the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 may have a substantially disk-shaped shape with the convex main surfaces 10a and 20a of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 being convex near the center, and an end face on the side facing the upper opening that is perpendicular to the installation surface.

[0142] As described above, the laminates 1A to 1C according to the above embodiments can be laminated precisely according to the design while minimizing misalignment between the end faces 11 and 21 of the first plate material 10 and the second plate material 20, resulting in excellent appearance quality. Therefore, the laminates 1A to 1C are suitable for use in mobile objects, buildings, electronic devices, and the like. Examples of mobile objects include vehicles such as automobiles, trains, locomotives, bullet trains, bulldozers, and specialized vehicles, as well as flying objects such as airplanes and helicopters. Examples of buildings include homes and buildings. Examples of electronic devices include speakers, microphones, earphones, and mobile devices. When used in mobile objects, the laminates 1A to 1C are suitable for use in, for example, automotive window glass such as windshields, rear windows, side windows, roof windows, and quarter windows; window glass for railway vehicles such as trains, locomotives, and bullet trains; window glass for construction vehicles such as bulldozers; window glass for flying objects such as airplanes and helicopters; window glass for ships; and window glass for other specialized vehicles. When used in buildings, the laminates 1C to 1C are preferably used for, for example, residential windows. When used in electronic devices, the laminates 1C to 1C are preferably used for, for example, diaphragms used in speakers, microphones, earphones, mobile devices, etc., and glass substrates for magnetic recording media. In particular, the laminates 1A to 1C are preferably used for, for example, windshields and roof glass of vehicles, which often have curved surfaces and are significantly curved.

[0143] Although the embodiments have been described above, they are presented as examples and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments can be embodied in various other forms, and various combinations, omissions, substitutions, modifications, etc. can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, and are also included within the scope of the invention and its equivalents set forth in the claims.

[0144] The embodiments of the present invention are as follows, for example. <1> a curved first plate; a curved second plate; an intermediate layer provided between the first plate material and the second plate material and bonding the first plate material and the second plate material; A laminate wherein at least one of the first plate material and the second plate material is a glass plate, The arrow height of the laminate is 90 mm or more, When the laminate is placed on a surface with the curved convex side facing the surface on which the laminate will be installed, the end faces of the first plate material and the second plate material both have surfaces perpendicular to the surface. <2> The intermediate layer is a solid phase. <1> The laminate according to claim 1. <3> The intermediate layer comprises a liquid layer. <1> or <2> The laminate according to claim 1. <4> The first plate member and the second plate member have a structure in which they contact at least two points on a surface perpendicular to the surface. <1> ~ <3> 1. The laminate according to any one of the preceding items. <5> The thickness of the first plate material is 1.1 mm to 6.0 mm, The thickness of the second plate material is 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm. <1> ~ <4> 1. The laminate according to any one of the preceding items. <6> The central angle with respect to the arc length of the first plate material and the second plate material is 110° or more. <1> ~ <5> 1. The laminate according to any one of the preceding items. <7> The difference between the thickness of the first plate material and the thickness of the second plate material is 0.7 mm or less. <1> ~ <6> 1. The laminate according to any one of the preceding items. <8> the intermediate layer has a solid layer between at least one of the first plate member and the second plate member and the liquid layer, the solid layer includes a resin material; <3> The laminate according to claim 1. <9> The intermediate layer is a cured product obtained by curing an intermediate layer liquid agent and a sealing agent while the liquid agent and the sealing agent are disposed between the first plate material and the second plate material. <1> ~ <8> 1. The laminate according to any one of the preceding items. <10> At least one of the intermediate layer liquid agent and the sealing agent contains silicone. <9> The laminate according to claim 1. <11> The laminate is a windshield of a moving body. <1> ~ <10> 1. The laminate according to any one of the preceding items. <12> <1> ~ <11> A moving body comprising the laminate according to any one of the above. [Explanation of symbols]

[0145] 1A, 1B, 1C laminate 10 First plate material 10a, 20a Convex main surface 10b, 20b Concave main surface 11, 21 End face 20 Second plate material 30A, 30B middle layer 31 Liquid layer 32 Seal part 111, 211 Fixing end face 121 Liquid 122 Sealant

Claims

1. a curved first plate member; a curved second plate material; an intermediate layer provided between the first plate material and the second plate material and bonding the first plate material and the second plate material; A laminate wherein at least one of the first plate material and the second plate material is a glass plate, The arrow height of the laminate is 90 mm or more, When the laminate is placed on a surface with the curved convex side facing the surface on which the laminate will be installed, the end faces of the first plate material and the second plate material both have surfaces that are perpendicular to the surface.

2. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer is solid phase.

3. The laminate of claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a liquid layer.

4. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first plate member and the second plate member are structured to be in contact with each other at at least two points on a surface perpendicular to the surface.

5. The thickness of the first plate material is 1.1 mm to 6.0 mm, The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the second plate material is 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm.

6. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a central angle with respect to the arc length of the first plate material and the second plate material is 110° or more.

7. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the difference in thickness between the first plate material and the second plate material is 0.7 mm or less.

8. the intermediate layer has a solid layer between at least one of the first plate member and the second plate member and the liquid layer, The laminate according to claim 3 , wherein the solid layer comprises a resin material.

9. The laminate according to claim 2 , wherein the intermediate layer is a cured product obtained by curing an intermediate layer liquid agent and a sealing agent while the liquid agent and the sealing agent are disposed between the first plate material and the second plate material.

10. The laminate according to claim 9 , wherein at least one of the intermediate layer liquid agent and the sealing agent contains silicone.

11. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, which is a windshield of a vehicle.

12. A moving body comprising the laminate according to claim 1 or 2.

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