Threshold temperature exceedance recorder

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature, and more particularly to a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature as an elastic label. The device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature is an elastic label, and includes an adhesive layer, a colored elastic substrate containing 5% by mass or more of halogen atoms (on which the value of the threshold temperature to be recorded is written), a structural unit C H Heat-sensitive materials consisting of solid organic substances containing (n 5) (within ±5°C of the threshold temperature indicated on the label) ℃ The device has a layered structure including a substrate and a transparent protective film that irreversibly changes transparency when heated within ±5°C of the specified threshold temperature, even after being attached to a cylindrical surface with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more and stretched 10% longitudinally and transversely relative to its original size. ° The invention improves the operational safety of a variety of equipment, particularly electrical equipment, by maintaining the ability to accurately record threshold temperature exceedances while adhering to surfaces with complex shapes and linear dimensions that vary by less than 10%.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for recording an exceedance of a threshold temperature, and in particular to an exceedance of a threshold temperature recording device as an elastic label. [Background technology]

[0002] An increase in temperature is one of the first and most frequent signs of defects in various equipment: for example, increased contact resistance in power electronics, bearing failure in mechanical engineering, inter-turn short circuits in electric motor windings, charger or battery failure in household appliances, etc. Early detection of overheating can prevent the malfunction and prevent equipment failure, accidents, and the resulting fires and power outages. Technical and standard documents specify maximum permissible temperatures, beyond which heating is considered a defect that requires immediate removal from service and the equipment to be sent for repair (e.g., RD ​​34.45-51.300-97, RD 153-34.0-20.363-99, GOST 8865-93, 8024-90, 10693-81, 2213-79, 10434-82, 16708-84, 2585-81, 32397-2020, 26346-84, 839-2019, GOST R 51321.1-2007, etc.).

[0003] A variety of diagnostic methods are used to detect defects that exceed the maximum allowable temperature. Continuous monitoring of overheating includes chemical or mechanical temperature indicators. These are classified into two types: reversible (they change appearance only when heated and return to normal upon cooling) and irreversible (they change appearance above a certain temperature and remain that way even after cooling).

[0004] An example of a reversible overheat monitor is the invention described in U.S. Patent No. 7,600,912 (published March 20, 2007). This is a single- or two-layer sticker whose temperature-sensitive element contains a leuco dye and a color former in a binder. When a certain temperature is reached, the binder melts, and the color former reacts with the dye to color the label. When the temperature drops, the dye crystallizes, and the color returns to normal.

[0005] An example of an inorganic reversible temperature indicator is one based on chromobratlumina(III) complexes, as described in Russian Patent Application Publication No. 2561737 (published on September 12, 2014). The proposed thermochromic material has the ability to reversibly change color upon heating above 120°C. A distinctive feature of this type of invention is that it cannot detect defects other than those under peak load, so heating must be visually confirmed. For this reason, these devices have not become widely used.

[0006] Unlike reversible indicators, non-reversible indicators can not only detect but also record the fact that a threshold temperature has been exceeded. Furthermore, these devices can be inspected even on equipment that has been sent for repair, without the need to expose the equipment to full load.

[0007] As mentioned above, temperature indicators are used in a variety of sectors, but perhaps the most stringent and complex requirements are imposed on temperature indicators used in the energy sector.

[0008] For a temperature indicator to be used safely in the energy sector, it must have the following properties: Low flammability and combustibility; High electrical strength and insulating properties; Highly accurate and irreversible recording of exceedance of threshold temperatures; flexibility and strength; Strong adhesive strength for adhesion to various surfaces;

[0009] A device with these properties can easily be used in other areas.

[0010] Irreversible overheat indicators can be classified based on their principle of operation: known indicators are based on the mechanical destruction of a temperature-sensitive element, on a chemical reaction of the constituents, or on a phase transition of the temperature-sensitive component.

[0011] An example of a temperature indicator based on mechanical destruction is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,197 (published November 2, 1998). According to this document, the temperature indicator consists of a closed, transparent, elongated tube in which two differently colored compositions are separated by a polymeric partition. The melting point of the partition is close to the melting point of the compositions. Upon reaching a predetermined threshold temperature, the partition is destroyed, the compositions melt and mix, and the color of the contents of the tube changes. This invention is characterized by its inability to monitor overheating of the entire surface and its slow activation speed. This is due not only to the complete melting of the indicator compositions and the polymeric membrane separating them, but also to the slow mixing of the liquid phases, as the diffusion process near the melting point is not fast enough. Furthermore, the structural features of the described invention make it difficult to create a flexible device that can adhere to the entire surface being controlled.

[0012] A chemical reaction that utilizes an etching reaction of a metal substrate that is initiated upon reaching a specific temperature is described in European Patent No. 2288879 (Publication Date: June 4, 2008). This indicator changes color from silvery white or mirror-like to colorless and can be used to monitor the temperature of food, medical products, and electrical equipment. The metal layer and activation layer can be applied to a thin, label-like film, allowing for product flexibility and attachment to a variety of surfaces. Another example of a temperature indicator based on a chemical reaction is the invention described in U.S. Patent No. 6957623 (Publication Date: March 9, 2004). In this case, the temperature-sensitive material contains a mixture of water, latex, and ice-forming microorganisms and is transparent until a threshold temperature is reached. When heated to a specified temperature, the latex and ice-forming microorganisms interact to form an opaque material. Among the commercially available indicators based on chemical reactions, there is the "Retomark" model indicator offered by LLC "Innovative Company "Yaros"" (https: / / www.yalosindicator.com / product / termoindikatory-kontrol-temperatury).

[0013] These irreversible temperature indicators based on chemical reactions are characterized by low accuracy. This is because, according to the Arrhenius equation, the progress of the chemical reaction depends not only on temperature but also on time. Therefore, if the product is held at a temperature slightly below the threshold temperature for a long period of time, it may activate. Meanwhile, the above-mentioned standards specify specific threshold temperatures within 5°C intervals, making the described invention unsuitable for detecting defects. Another characteristic of such devices is that their activation time is highly dependent on temperature. If heated to the threshold temperature for a short period of time, the chemical reaction may not be completed, and the indicator's color change may not occur or may be insufficient to be detected. Furthermore, because the color change reaction is reversible, some products may return to their original state if held at low temperatures for a long period of time.

[0014] A significant drawback of indicators based on mechanical destruction or chemical reactions is that deformation of the temperature-sensitive layer can lead to premature activation of the indicator. Therefore, these indicators are not suitable for uneven or curved surfaces or surfaces with varying linear parameters, where deformations can occur and functional properties can be lost.

[0015] The most accurate indicators are those based on phase transitions, particularly the melting of thermosensitive components. Unlike chemical reactions, the temperature of a phase transition does not depend on the duration of the reaction, so these indicators have the highest accuracy and maintain their original appearance even at temperatures just below the threshold temperature. Furthermore, indicators based on phase transitions have a low risk of premature activation due to deformation, and by using certain types of materials and suitable substrates, they can be used on uneven or curved surfaces, as well as on surfaces with varying linear parameters.

[0016] Furthermore, the use of temperature-sensitive materials based on phase transition allows for the formation of thinner, more uniform layers compared to materials based on chemical reactions, improving the flexibility of the temperature indicator.

[0017] Irreversible indicators based on phase transitions can be manufactured as special indicator devices such as labels, cable clips, and clips. In these devices, the temperature-sensitive composition is applied in a uniform, thin layer at the factory to a substrate that provides good adhesion and is then covered with a polymer film. This film protects the temperature-sensitive composition from mechanical and chemical influences and prevents it from flowing out after activation.

[0018] Label-type temperature indicators are the most widely used due to their ease of installation, availability, and convenience of use.

[0019] Irreversible temperature indicators can be produced in single-temperature and multi-temperature versions. Multi-temperature indicators are usually in sticker form and are made by the following manufacturers: LLC "ThermoElectric" (https: / / www.lesiv.pro / %D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F-l-mark-pro), LLC "Innovative Company "YALOS"" (https: / / www.yalosindicator.com / product / termoindikatory-kontrol-temperatury), JSC "NPP "Luminophor"" (https: / / luminophor.ru / catalog / termoindikatornye-materialy / termoindikatory-plavleniya-marki-tin / ).

[0020] The advantage of a multi-temperature indicator is that it not only detects when a specified temperature is exceeded, but also determines the maximum temperature to which the control element has been heated during use. However, since most electrical equipment and electrical installations specify only one maximum allowable temperature, the use of a multi-temperature indicator can cause uncertainty during inspection. Therefore, a single-temperature indicator clearly indicates the occurrence of defects in various pieces of equipment that exceed the threshold temperature.

[0021] A partial change in the color of the temperature indicator is not enough to determine the presence of a defect. It is necessary to check the maximum permissible temperature value of the control element, compare it with the found value, and then determine whether the equipment needs to be sent for repair. Furthermore, due to the design features, each temperature window controls a different surface area, so each indicator element measures the temperature of its own surface (insulator), and in the case of point heating, the value does not correspond to the maximum temperature of the entire surface.

[0022] The sticker material must have low flammability and inflammability, high electrical strength and insulating properties, sufficient mechanical strength, etc.

[0023] The high electrical strength of the sticker's individual layers and the entire device is necessary to ensure safe use in electrical installations, motors, or various electrical mechanisms. The lack of electrical conductivity and high breakdown voltage prevent electrical circuit failure, short circuits, or arcing if the sticker comes into contact with an open conductive element.

[0024] It should also be noted that in the event of an emergency fault, the heating of the contacts may reach the spontaneous ignition temperature of the sticker, which may lead to a fire or arcing in the electrical installation.

[0025] When using temperature indicators to record surface temperature exceedances on elements of electrical installations and various mechanisms, it is important to take into account that the surfaces of these elements often have complex geometric shapes. These include, for example, surfaces with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more (insulated or non-insulated electric wires of small cross-section, steel-aluminum wires of overhead power lines, device clamps, coil surfaces, blades of bolted connections, lamellae of contacts, jaws of fuse contact connections, etc.). This also includes the surfaces of metal conductive elements that operate over a wide temperature range due to electrical current or external heating / cooling, and as a result, whose linear dimensions change significantly. Elements of other equipment also have complex surfaces, such as electric motors, batteries, and bearings.

[0026] Therefore, to reliably record overtemperature events, it is important that the device (especially one in sticker form) be highly elastic and flexible enough to adhere to such surfaces and not partially peel off during use. Otherwise, if the sticker does not have sufficient elasticity and flexibility, after the pressure applied during application is removed, the elastic forces may exceed the adhesive forces (the force of adhesion between the sticker and the surface), causing the sticker to regain its original shape and partially or completely peel off the surface. The same can happen if the linear dimensions of the control surface change, especially due to thermal expansion of the material when heated.

[0027] Manufacturers of temperature indicator stickers often indicate that their products must be attached to a flat surface, possibly due to the lack of flexibility and elasticity, and the possibility that the temperature-sensitive material may lose its functional properties when deformed.

[0028] On the other hand, if the substrate of the temperature indicator sticker is not elastic or flexible, or if the temperature-sensitive material loses its functional properties when deformed, the reliability of recording excessive temperatures on surfaces with small radii of curvature, complex shapes, and surfaces with varying linear parameters will be significantly reduced. This is due to the following reasons: When using temperature-sensitive materials based on membrane rupture, premature activation may occur due to physical compromise of the integrity of the device elements; If the substrate is not elastic enough, the temperature-sensitive material may peel off from the substrate or cracks may appear on the surface, which may result in the temperature-sensitive material not heating sufficiently when the threshold temperature is exceeded (the surface temperature T(surface) exceeds the temperature of the temperature-sensitive material T(temperature-sensitive material)) or may reduce the visibility of the activated device; Air bubbles may form in the area where the sticker has peeled off from the control surface, acting as an insulator. This can lead to a large difference between the surface temperature and the temperature of the temperature-sensitive material (the surface temperature T(surface) exceeds the temperature of the temperature-sensitive material T(temperature-sensitive material)), preventing the temperature-sensitive material from heating up sufficiently; Uneven heating of the surface of the temperature-sensitive material in areas where the sticker or material has peeled off may cause parts of the layer of the temperature-sensitive material to change appearance (becoming transparent revealing the color of the substrate) and parts to remain in their original (opaque) state, which may lead to erroneous conclusions about the location of the recorded overheating.

[0029] Many known temperature indicator stickers use a transparent protective layer covering the surface of the substrate on which the temperature-sensitive material is applied, which protects the temperature-sensitive material from adverse environmental influences and prevents the temperature-sensitive material from flowing out when a threshold temperature is exceeded.

[0030] It is important that this protective layer also be elastic and flexible. Using a non-elastic and non-flexible protective layer for temperature control on surfaces with small radii of curvature, complex shapes, and surfaces with varying linear parameters will significantly reduce the reliability of overtemperature recording. This is due to the following reasons: The protective film may be torn and lose its functional properties, which will lead to a deterioration of the properties of the temperature-sensitive material; If the protective film is stretched, micro-cracks may appear, reducing the transparency of the film, which may result in insufficient contrast of the sticker's color change when the threshold temperature is exceeded; If the sticker is installed on a device with a small radius of curvature, the protective film may exert excessive pressure on the temperature-sensitive material, reducing its operating threshold temperature;

[0031] Therefore, in order to reliably record overheating of the surfaces of elements of electrical equipment above a threshold temperature, it is necessary for the device to be in close contact with the surfaces to be temperature controlled, especially surfaces with small radii of curvature, surfaces with complex shapes, and surfaces where linear dimensions may increase, and for the functional properties (operating accuracy) of the temperature-sensitive material to be maintained when used on such surfaces.

[0032] The state of the art, studied in detail, shows that despite the large selection of temperature indicators, differing in their operating mechanisms and the number of threshold temperatures recorded, there remains a demand for devices that record exceedance of threshold temperatures. These devices must be able to be used safely and effectively on surfaces with complex geometric shapes, in particular those with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more, and on surfaces where the linear dimensions may increase by up to 10%, especially on elements of electrical installations.

[0033] Therefore, there is a need to create a device for recording surface temperatures above a threshold temperature, designed to be in constant contact with the surfaces of electrical installation elements, especially those containing conductive elements with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more, and surfaces whose linear dimensions may increase by up to 10%.

[0034] The prototype of the present invention is a temperature indicator label manufactured by NiGK Corporation of Japan ( https: / / contents.bownow.jp / files / index / sid_9c257787049ca562bbda?client_id=d867dc3c-ab2f-4a08-ba5a-32d9c6b2c5a1&access_token=&referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nichigi.co.jp%2Fen%2Fen_downloadform%2Fen_data.html , Catalog on Temperature Indicator Materials). This catalog introduces indicator labels with a layered structure. This structure consists of an insulating pad, an adhesive layer, a color-fast pigmented substrate, an adhesive, a heat-activated composition, and a protective polymer film. The adhesive layer covering the back of the temperature indicator is heat-resistant, allowing the device to be immediately attached to the surface to be measured after removing the insulating pad. The protective polymer film covering the temperature-determining element is heat-resistant and protects it from water, chemicals, oil, and environmental influences. High-precision temperature measurement is achieved by utilizing the color change of a purified, stable dye when it reaches its melting point. This indicator is irreversible and does not return to its original color after activation.

[0035] However, on page 2 of the catalog, the manufacturer warns that these indicator labels should only be attached to flat surfaces. Mounting them on curved surfaces or corners can result in inaccurate device operation. This indicates insufficient flexibility of the label's substrate and temperature-sensitive material layer. Mounting them on surfaces with complex shapes can cause cracks, peeling of the composition layer from the substrate, or uneven heating of the temperature-sensitive material, reducing the accuracy of overheating recording. For this reason, such devices cannot be widely used to detect and control surface overheating on equipment elements (especially electrical equipment) with complex geometric shapes or small radii of curvature.

[0036] The object of the present invention is to create a device in the form of a label that is elastic, flexible and strong enough to reliably record surface temperatures exceeding a threshold temperature, allowing the recording of overtemperatures on surfaces of various shapes, in particular on elements of electrical installations.

[0037] Terms and definitions used in this invention "Label" refers to an element of any shape whose back is covered with adhesive, which is protected by an insulating film. When the film is removed, the adhesive layer provides the necessary adhesion to the surface. "Adhesion" refers to the bond between surfaces of dissimilar materials. In particular, in the present invention, the adhesion (FINAT TM1, after 24 hours, stainless steel) has been experimentally confirmed to be 10 N / 25 mm or more.

[0038] The terms "elastic substrate" and "elastic protective film" refer to materials that have the ability to change shape under external force without tearing.

[0039] A "temperature-sensitive material" refers to a material that, when heated above a threshold temperature, becomes more transparent to at least a portion of visible light relative to its original state and does not return to its original state upon subsequent cooling. A temperature-sensitive material may be composed of, for example, individual organic compounds, organic acid salts, or mixtures that undergo a phase transition upon reaching a threshold temperature. Additionally, a temperature-sensitive material may contain binders, such as organic resins, or other additives to improve adhesion to flexible substrates.

[0040] The term "threshold temperature" or "threshold" refers to the temperature at which the properties of the temperature-sensitive material change irreversibly. In the present invention, the recording accuracy above the threshold temperature is 5 ° It is C.

[0041] "Recording accuracy above a threshold temperature" means: 1. There is no change in the transparency of the corresponding temperature-sensitive material and the appearance of the device until the device reaches a temperature that is the threshold temperature of the corresponding temperature-sensitive material minus the accuracy value. 2. When the temperature is equal to or higher than the threshold temperature of the corresponding temperature-sensitive material plus the accuracy value, the corresponding temperature-sensitive material will become transparent, and the appearance of the device will be different from the original state. 3. The exact value of the phase transition of the temperature-sensitive component is within the stated range and is not set additionally. The recording accuracy above the threshold temperature defined in this invention is 5 ° It is C.

[0042] "Phase transition" refers to the transition of a substance from one thermodynamic phase to another as a result of a change in external conditions. In the present invention, phase transition refers to "melting," which refers to the transition from a solid state to a liquid state as the temperature of a material reaches or exceeds its melting point.

[0043] The term "actuation" is used in the present invention for a temperature-sensitive material that has undergone a phase transition in which its transparency increases. A device in which the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material has changed is said to be "actuated."

[0044] A "deficiency" is a failure to comply with the requirements set out in the document in at least one metric.

[0045] "Flame resistance" refers to the ability of a material to resist combustion under the action of an ignition source.

[0046] "Electrical strength" refers to the ability of a device to withstand an applied voltage. In other words, electrical strength is the minimum electric field strength at which the device will undergo dielectric breakdown.

[0047] "Insulating" refers to the ability of a device to withstand an applied voltage, and the minimum electric field strength at which the device will break down exceeds the electrical strength of 1 cm of air (3 kV / mm).

[0048] The term "surface of complex geometric shape" refers to any curved surface that includes curves, broken lines, and other nonlinear elements with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more. In this invention, a cylindrical surface with longitudinal waves and a radius of curvature R = 2 mm is considered as a model surface of complex geometric shape.

[0049] "Radius of curvature" refers to the maximum radius of the arc that best fits a curved or cylindrical surface. In the present invention, "small radius of curvature" means a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more.

[0050] A "cylindrical surface" refers to a developable closed or open ruled surface formed by translating a straight line (generating line) along a curved guide.

[0051] "Elasticity" refers to the ability of a material to repeatedly regain its shape when bent along a cylindrical surface without losing its functional properties. "Elasticity in tension / compression" refers to the material's ability to maintain its functional properties when a force is applied in any direction parallel to the surface of the material and after the force is released.

[0052] "Elongation to break" refers to the amount a material or portion thereof can stretch when stretched before losing its physical integrity and causing fracture. This value, expressed as a percentage, indicates the increase in linear dimension of the material when stretched relative to its original dimension.

[0053] In the present invention, the term "vitrification" is used to refer to the process whereby a uniform layer of one thermodynamic phase forms around particles of another thermodynamic phase. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0054] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 7,600,912 [Patent Document 2] Russian Patent Application Publication No. 2561737 [Patent Document 3] U.S. Patent No. 6,176,197 [Patent Document 4] European Patent No. 2288879 [Patent Document 5] U.S. Patent No. 6,957,623 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0055] The present invention was created to improve equipment safety, particularly by accurately and reliably recording defects that exceed threshold temperatures on surfaces and components of energy-related equipment.

[0056] The objective of the present invention is to create a device that can accurately record exceeding a threshold temperature without losing its functional properties even when attached to surfaces with complex geometric shapes with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm or surfaces made of materials whose linear dimensions may increase by up to 10%. This device must not lose its functional properties, including the accuracy of recording exceeding a threshold temperature, even when attached to the specified surface. [Means for solving the problem]

[0057] The technical result of the present invention is to improve the safety of various devices, especially electrical installations, by maintaining the ability of the device to adhere to surfaces with complex geometries, especially those with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more, or surfaces made of materials whose linear dimensions may increase by up to 10%, and to accurately register the exceedance of a threshold temperature. This also applies to conductive elements of electrical installations.

[0058] The technical result is achieved by a device for recording the exceedance of a threshold temperature, which has an elastic, label-like structure and includes the following layered structure: adhesive layer; A colored elastic substrate containing at least 5% by weight of halogen atoms, the substrate being marked with a threshold temperature value. A temperature-sensitive material applied to the surface of a substrate. This material is designed to withstand temperatures within ±5°C of a specified threshold temperature. ° C, the material is designed to irreversibly change its transparency relative to its original state, allowing for visual recording of overheating. H (n 5) including solid organic matter; a transparent, elastic protective film covering the substrate and the temperature-sensitive material, the film being transparent to at least a portion of visible light; The device remains within ±5°C of the specified threshold temperature after being attached to a cylindrical surface with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more and after being stretched 10% longitudinally and transversely relative to its original size. ° It is designed to maintain a visual record of overheating within 20°C.

[0059] The polymeric materials of the substrate and protective film are selected to simultaneously fulfill the following criteria: flexibility and elasticity required for close contact with surfaces of complex geometric shapes, the ability to record overheating with a specified accuracy, the required adhesion to the control surface and temperature-sensitive material, to securely fix the device and prevent peeling due to thermal expansion or vibration of the control surface, to maintain the ability to record overtemperatures, and resistance to ignition.

[0060] The most suitable materials for this purpose are halogen-containing polymers, particularly polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Polymeric materials containing halogen atoms possess the highest flexibility and elasticity of any known polymer. Introducing halogen atoms into monomers used as raw materials for polymerization or polycondensation breaks their symmetry, resulting in the formation of one or more chiral centers. Polymerization or polycondensation of these monomers with each other, other halogen-containing monomers, or monomers without halogen atoms results in the formation of polymer chains with multiple stereocenters. Regular polymers obtained from non-halogenated monomers lacking chiral centers tend to form crystalline structures and exhibit reduced elasticity. On the other hand, the large number of diastereomers produced by halogenation of monomers imparts stereochemical disorder to halogen-containing polymers, preventing crystallization. Therefore, halogen-containing polymeric materials possess high elasticity and flexibility due to the properties of their chemical structure resulting from the presence of halogen atoms in the polymer structure. Furthermore, halogen-containing materials possess good adhesion and low flammability, further ensuring the safety of the device of the present invention and the facilities in which it is installed.

[0061] When manufacturing temperature indicators in label format, it is important to consider the elasticity of some materials and the thermal expansion coefficient of the material to which the label is attached. When the temperature of the surface to which the device is attached increases, the material undergoes thermal expansion. Therefore, if the device is not elastic, the label may peel off or deform, potentially reducing the accuracy of temperature overshoots. This is particularly important in the energy sector, where most materials have large thermal expansion coefficients and dynamic joints are used to prevent the adverse effects of thermal expansion. These joints also require temperature monitoring, which is only possible using elastic labels attached to equipment elements that change shape and size.

[0062] Therefore, the device (especially one in the form of a label) must be flexible and resilient in bending as well as stretchable, i.e., if the label is stretched in any direction in a plane parallel to the substrate, there must be a corresponding increase in linear dimension while maintaining the required functional properties.

[0063] ±5°C of threshold temperature ° The use of a temperature-sensitive material that irreversibly changes its transparency relative to its original state when heated within C, allowing for visual recording of overheating, is a method of detecting the structural fragment C H It contains solid organic matter including (n 5), for the following reasons.

[0064] When compounds containing one or more long aliphatic hydrocarbon chains are used, the solid organic particles form as fibers, scales, or flat or elongated crystals. When such a thermosensitive material is applied to a substrate, the flat particles orient nearly parallel to the substrate and protective film layers. This allows the thermosensitive material layer to bend and stretch without deformation or loss of functional properties (Figure 12a).

[0065] Such a crystal structure causes anisotropy in solid organic substances. As a result, the material properties in the direction parallel to the surfaces of the base material and the protective film are different from those in the direction perpendicular to the surfaces. The anisotropy of the temperature-sensitive material affects the strength of the material against bending and mechanical stress. Even when a force is applied in a direction almost perpendicular to the surface of the base material, the material will not be damaged (A.I. Kitaigorodskii, ”Organic crystallochemistry”, Moscow, USSR, Nauchnaya Akademia, 1955 / Kitaigorodskii, Organic Crystal Chemistry, Moscow, Soviet Academy of Sciences, 1955). Since the flat particles of the solid organic substance are oriented almost parallel to the base material layer and the protective film layer, when the device expands or contracts in the longitudinal direction, the particle layers slide past each other, and the size of the gaps between them increases or decreases, but the microstructure of the temperature-sensitive material is not destroyed, and the integrity of the layer is maintained (Figure 7). Therefore, even when a temperature-sensitive material layer is attached to a surface with a small radius of curvature or a surface made of a material with high elasticity and a high coefficient of thermal expansion, deformation, breakage, or cracking of the layer will not occur. As a result, by accurately and reliably recording the surface overheating of the device, the safety of various devices is further improved.

[0066] Furthermore, when attaching a threshold temperature exceed recording device to a surface with a complex geometric shape with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more, if the elasticity of the protective film is insufficient, excessive pressure (F’) will be applied to the temperature-sensitive material due to the bending. It is known that solid substances melt or recrystallize into larger crystals when the pressure increases, especially at temperatures close to but not reaching the melting point (Figure  7). Therefore, if the elasticity of the protective film is insufficient, due to the pressure (F < F’) applied to the temperature-sensitive material at the bent part, the device may operate prematurely, resulting in incorrect overheating recording. To prevent malfunction, it is effective not only to use an elastic protective film whose pressure on the temperature-sensitive material decreases when bent (F F’), but also to use a temperature-sensitive material with an anisotropic microstructure in which flat particles are oriented almost parallel to the base material layer.

[0067] Due to the structural characteristics of the temperature-sensitive layer, its microstructure contains a large amount of gas. Above a threshold temperature, the microstructure of the temperature-sensitive material is destroyed, resulting in the separation of the gaseous and non-gaseous phases (Figure 12). Because this process occurs upon heating, thermal expansion causes the total volume of the gaseous phase after heating to be significantly larger than the total volume of the gaseous phase contained in the microstructure of the temperature-sensitive material before heating. As a result, when the threshold temperature is reached, gas bubbles form beneath the protective film sealing the device surface. As the device cools further, the volume of the gaseous phase decreases to its original value, and the size of the gas bubbles beneath the protective film shrinks accordingly. These processes explain the need for a stretchable protective film to maintain the integrity of the device over a wide temperature range. Otherwise, if the protective film is not sufficiently elastic or flexible, it may break during expansion and contraction, compromising the accuracy of overtemperature recording.

[0068] The accuracy of the threshold temperature recorded in the present invention is at least 5 ° It is C.

[0069] Therefore, the following features, combined, can improve the safety of the equipment and the reliability of recording threshold temperature exceedances, avoiding the following factors: Use of a colored elastic substrate containing at least 5% by weight of halogen atoms; Structural fragment C H Use of phase change type temperature sensitive materials based on solid organic materials, including (n 5); covering the surface of the device with a resilient protective film that is transparent to at least a portion of visible light; After being attached to a cylindrical surface with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm and after being stretched 10% longitudinally and transversely relative to its original size, it remains at 5°C above the specified threshold temperature. ° Maintain the ability to visually record overheating within C; Premature activation due to deformation of the temperature-sensitive material; The temperature-sensitive material peels off from the substrate or cracks appear on the surface; The formation of air bubbles in the area where the label has been removed from the control surface; Uneven heating of the surface of the temperature-sensitive material; Loss of functional properties due to damage to the protective film; The appearance of microscopic cracks on the surface of the protective film; The protective film exerts excessive pressure on the temperature-sensitive material;

[0070] In certain cases, the elastic substrate has a thickness of 0.7 mm or less and an elongation to break of at least 10%, and the elastic protective film has a thickness of 0.5 mm or less and an elongation to break of at least 33%.

[0071] Next, consider the extreme case of attaching a sticker to a cylindrical surface of radius R = 2 mm (for example, small cross-sectional area wires with or without insulation, steel-core aluminum wires of overhead power lines, clamps for equipment, surfaces of coils, blades of bolt contacts, lamellas of contacts, grips of fuse contacts, etc.). Before attaching the sticker to the curved surface, the length of the base is L1, the length of the temperature-sensitive material layer is L2, and the length of the protective film is L3. When placed on a cylindrical surface of radius R, the bending radius of the base of the device is R =R+h Here, h is the thickness of the base. The bending radius of the temperature-sensitive material is R =R+h +h and h is the thickness of the temperature-sensitive material. The maximum bending radius of the protective film is R =R+h +h +h and h is the thickness of the protective film. In most cases, the thickness of the adhesive layer (h ) is so thin that it can be considered zero. In a preferred case, the thickness of the base is 0.2 mm or less, the thickness of the temperature-sensitive material layer is 0.3 mm or less, and the thickness of the protective film is 0.15 mm or less. Therefore, to adhere the device to a surface with a curvature radius of 2 mm and maintain adhesion, the outer surface of the base must bend at a radius of (2 + 0.2) mm, which is 10% larger than the radius of the cylindrical surface. In this case, the length L'1 of the outer surface of the base after application increases by 10% from its original length, giving L'1 = 1.1 × L1. The outer surface of the temperature-sensitive material layer must bend at a radius of (2 + 0.2 + 0.3) mm, which is 25% larger than the radius of the cylindrical surface. In this case, the length L'2 of the outer surface of the temperature-sensitive material layer after application of the sticker increases by 25% from its original length, giving L'2 = 1.25 × L2. The outer surface of the protective film must bend at a radius of at most (2 + 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.15) mm, which is 33% larger than the radius of the cylindrical surface. In this case, the maximum length L'3 of the outer surface of the protective film after sticker application increases by 33% compared to its original length, L'3 = 1.33 × L3 (see Figure 1a, Figure 10, and the calculation in the legend to Figure 10). Furthermore, if the thickness of the base, temperature-sensitive material layer, and protective film increases, the lengths of the corresponding components of the device must increase by up to 100%.

[0072] It is therefore important that the over-threshold temperature recording device remain fully functional, without loss of adhesion, damage or breakage, and able to record overheating within ±5°C of the threshold temperature printed on the sticker, even after being attached to a surface with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm and after being stretched 10% vertically and horizontally relative to its original size. This is achieved, inter alia, by using a base and protective film that are flexible and resilient, with an elongation to break of between 10% and 100%.

[0073] If these conditions are not met, the accuracy of recording the threshold temperature exceedance will be significantly reduced.

[0074] The adhesive layer material may be, if desired, 20 ℃The adhesive strength (FINAT TM1, after 24 hours) to stainless steel at 10N / 25mm is selected to ensure that the attached component adheres tightly to the surface and provides stable performance over the life of the component. This adhesive strength value was established using experimental data.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the device has insulating properties, preferably with an electrical strength of 5 kV / mm or greater.

[0076] In one preferred embodiment, the resilient base is -CH This includes polymers containing CHCl- structural units, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), primarily injection-molded polyvinyl chloride (obtained by injection molding).

[0077] The reasons for choosing these materials as base materials are as follows: PVC and other halogen-containing films have the necessary properties required for materials used in the power sector, ensuring proper operation and safety of the sticker itself and the equipment. Specifically: Low flammability and low ignition: if abnormal overheating occurs on the surface on which the device is installed, the sticker itself will not become a source of ignition, and will only ignite if exposed to direct flame action, and once this action stops, PVC and other halogen-containing films tend to quickly extinguish; Electrical strength and high insulating properties: this ensures that the device does not conduct current and that there is no risk of short circuits or dielectric breakdowns even if the sticker is removed from the monitored element; Flexibility and resilience: this allows the device to be attached to complex-shaped devices and electrical equipment nodes, motors, bearings and other areas where temperature monitoring is required; Tear strength and stretch resistance: this extends the service life of PVC and other halogen-containing films and ensures reliability throughout their life; Non-toxic: Under standard conditions and long-term use, no substances harmful to the human body will be released;

[0078] The inclusion of halogen atoms in the structure of the resilient base is due to fire safety requirements, particularly the device's low flammability. Materials containing halogen atoms are known to have low flammability, further ensuring the operational safety of the device and its installation. Ignition of stickers at high temperatures can lead to fires and arcs in electrical installations. The base may also contain halogen-containing polymers as well as halogen-containing additives. In both cases, the mass percentage of halogen atoms is at least 5% by mass. For halogen-containing polymers, this parameter is even higher: for example, 57–74% by mass for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and 59% for polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), depending on the manufacturing method. Halogen-containing additives are added to polymer films that do not contain halogen atoms in their structure to function as flame retardants or plasticizers, even at low concentrations.

[0079] Furthermore, all halogen-containing polymers are excellent insulators and are characterized by high electrical strength.Halogen-containing polymers, especially PVC, are also notable for their elasticity.

[0080] The properties of the final PVC film depend on its manufacturing method and the presence or absence of modifying additives such as plasticizers. Plasticized PVC has high elasticity and can be processed into films and other finished products in several ways. PVC film can be produced by calendaring, which creates a material composed of oriented polymer fibers oriented primarily in the calendar direction. This results in a film with high elasticity, flexibility, and elongation of up to 300% in the calendar direction, but this is limited to the calendar direction. Extruded PVC film also has high elasticity, flexibility, and strength in the extrusion direction. Injection-molded PVC film (obtained by injection molding) combines the advantages of the other two types of plasticized PVC, with uniform properties in all directions. This makes it ideal as a base material for overtemperature recording devices. Furthermore, injection molding can produce denser, stronger, and more uniform-surfaced films. Therefore, using injection-molded PVC as a base specifically meets all of the above requirements.

[0081] For these reasons, transparent, flexible protective films can also be made from polyvinyl chloride, especially injection-molded polyvinyl chloride.

[0082] The use of thinner layer structures is preferred as this increases the flexibility and resilience of the device, resulting in more reliable and safe operation of the sticker and equipment, however the strength properties of the device must also meet the requirements for stickers and temperature indicators in general.

[0083] Therefore, in certain cases, it is desirable that the thickness of the elastic base be 0.2 mm or less, the thickness of the temperature-sensitive material be 0.8 mm or less, and the thickness of the transparent elastic protective film be 0.15 mm or less.

[0084] In certain cases, thermosensitive materials have a microstructure that initially contains a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, and have the ability to irreversibly change their appearance upon reaching a specified threshold temperature. This is achieved by the destruction of the thermosensitive material's microstructure, melting the particles of solid organic matter, reducing the proportion of voids, increasing transparency, and revealing the base color (see Figure 12).

[0085] The use of a temperature-sensitive material with voids offers the following advantages: extended service life, improved reliability of overheat detection due to the absence of solid particles agglomerating through the gas phase, elimination of the possibility of the material returning to its initial state after activation (due to irreversible changes in microstructure), and improved operational safety of stickers and devices. When a temperature-sensitive material with voids melts, the initial microstructure of the material irreversibly changes, reducing the void ratio. This is caused by the melting of solid organic particles, reducing the interfacial area between the gas and non-gas phases, and the irreversible release of gas contained in the voids to the surface, separating the gas and non-gas phases. As a result, after cooling, the solid organic material recrystallizes without voids, increasing the transparency of the material to at least a portion of the visible light compared to its initial state. This creates a visual effect in which the device's appearance changes with high contrast, allowing for reliable recording of when a specified temperature has been exceeded. Preferably, the void ratio of the temperature-sensitive material decreases by at least half compared to its initial state after heating above the corresponding threshold temperature. This further improves the contrast of the device's color change when the threshold temperature is exceeded.

[0086] Furthermore, the presence of gas-filled voids improves the linear dimension and bending ability of the temperature-sensitive material, ensuring flexibility without compromising the accuracy of recording above the threshold temperature.

[0087] The organic substance constituting the solid phase of the temperature-sensitive material is selected from the following group: higher aliphatic acids: C n H (2n+1) Contains structural units, n 12; salts of higher aliphatic acids: C n H (2n+1)Contains structural units, n 5; Alkane: Contains 20 or more carbon atoms; Dialkylphosphinic acid: C n H (2n+1) Contains structural units, n 5; higher aliphatic acid amide: C n H (2n+1) Contains structural units, n 5; higher aliphatic acid anhydride: C n H (2n+1) Contains structural units, n 10; higher aliphatic alcohol: C n H (2n+1) Contains structural units, n 14; higher aliphatic amine: C n H (2n+1) Contains structural units, n 17; higher aliphatic acid nitrile: C n H (2n+1) Contains structural units, n 19.

[0088] The solid phase of the temperature-sensitive material contains one or more aliphatic hydrocarbon chains C n H (2n+1) The use of organic compounds containing (n 5) promotes the formation of crystalline structures in which elongated structural units of linear hydrocarbon chains are oriented parallel to one another (see AI Kitaigorodskii, "Molecular crystals", Moscow, Nauka, 1971). Because the particles of solid organic substances are formed as fibers, scales, or flat or elongated crystals, i.e., two-dimensional structures, thermosensitive materials develop a special microstructure that allows them to bend and stretch without deformation or loss of functional properties.

[0089] Additionally, the use of solid organic compounds containing non-polar aliphatic fragments further improves the overall electrical strength of the device, as these higher aliphatic derivatives have excellent insulating properties.

[0090] In certain cases, the organic substance constituting the solid phase of the temperature-sensitive material is selected from the following group: palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, waxes, paraffins, rare earth metal salts of saturated fatty acids (in particular lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium).

[0091] The content of solid organic material in the thermosensitive material is at least 50% by weight, preferably 50-90% by weight, and most preferably 70% by weight. Experiments have shown that when the solid organic material content exceeds 50% by weight and when individual solid organic materials are used as the thermosensitive material, the low adhesive strength between the solid particles allows the individual particles of the thermosensitive layer to easily separate, maintaining the overall appearance. This prevents cracking of the material after mounting the device on a surface with a small radius of curvature and damage to the layer integrity due to longitudinal and / or lateral stretching of the device. Furthermore, it has been shown that increasing the transparent binder content above 50% by weight requires the use of a thicker thermosensitive material layer because the opacity of the thermosensitive material layer cannot be ensured when the solid organic material particle concentration is low (less than 50% by weight).

[0092] In certain cases, the microstructure of the temperature-sensitive material additionally contains a polymer binder that is transparent to at least a portion of visible light. The phase transition temperature of this binder is higher than the phase transition temperature of the solid organic substance. In this case, the temperature-sensitive material contains a "solid-solid-gas" interface, and upon melting, the microstructure of the material undergoes an irreversible change. This causes gas contained in the voids to be released to the surface of the material, separating the gas phase from the non-gas phase, thereby reducing the number of voids compared to the initial state. As a result, the contact area between the solid phase and the voids, i.e., the interface area, decreases.

[0093] The polymer binder is preferably present in the heat-sensitive material in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight. In certain cases, the polymer binder coats and "glazes" the individual structural particles of the solid organic material. The binder is selected so that it wets but does not dissolve the particles of the solid organic material. This allows gases in the environment in which the heat-sensitive material is formed to be additionally trapped and distributed among the "glazed" particles, crystals, fibers, flakes, or aggregates.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature-sensitive material is designed to change transparency within 5 seconds when heated above a threshold temperature. This is because the thickness of the temperature-sensitive material layer and its structure, combined with the thickness of the device base, allows the temperature-sensitive material to heat up during brief peak load overheating events, completely changing color from "opaque to transparent" within 5 seconds. This also ensures the necessary heat dissipation when the device is air-cooled during operation.

[0095] The threshold temperature is selected from the range of 50 to 210°C, mainly 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C ° The following temperatures are used: 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, and 150°C. The temperature-sensitive material is selected based on the threshold temperature to be recorded. This allows the melting points of solid organic substances in the composition to be determined within 5 minutes of the threshold temperature. ° The difference is within C.

[0096] In certain embodiments, the coloring or marking of the resilient base of the device is designed to allow for the marking of electrical installation elements or color-coding of phases. In particular, the surface of the base may be marked with marking information in the form of colors, letters, numbers, or a combination of letters and numbers. As an example, the marking on the resilient base may include date information indicating the expiration date of the device. The resilient base may also have a color that complies with regulations regarding the marking of energy installation elements. The above features help the threshold temperature exceedance recording device to function as a marking element of electrical installations. This further improves the operational safety of equipment in which such devices are installed for the following reasons: Contact connections, electrical wires, or nodes of electrical installations represent small surfaces that require marking and temperature monitoring. However, using a marking device and a temperature exceedance recording device separately is often impossible due to insufficient surface area to be monitored. Furthermore, using only a temperature indicator without marking can lead to incorrect identification of faulty nodes and increased detection times. Therefore, a device that combines the properties of a marking device with the properties of a temperature indicator also has a positive impact on the operational safety of various equipment.

[0097] In certain cases, the area of ​​the temperature-sensitive material occupies 3-97% of the surface area of ​​the sticker, preferably 30% or more of the surface area of ​​the sticker. Preferably, the surface area of ​​the base covered with the temperature-sensitive material is at least 100 mm.

[0098] Preferably, the device is designed so that only areas of the temperature sensitive material that are heated above a threshold temperature change transparency, while areas of the temperature sensitive material that are not heated above the threshold temperature maintain their original transparency, thereby allowing overheating of individual areas of the surface to be recorded.

[0099] In some embodiments, 70% or more of the area of ​​the base covered by the temperature-sensitive material is colored black, and a portion of the device surface undergoes a visual color change from white to black upon reaching a corresponding threshold temperature, i.e., the temperature-sensitive material appears white in its opaque state.

[0100] In order to improve the visibility of the device itself and its operating status, the base may be colored using a substance with light-reflecting properties or with fluorescent properties, especially in elements of equipment used in the following situations: when inspection is difficult due to large equipment, when equipment is installed outdoors, when inspection is performed in bad weather or under conditions of poor visibility, when inspection is performed using a flashlight at night, or when equipment is inspected in an environment without artificial lighting or windows, thereby further improving the operational safety of the equipment.

[0101] In certain cases, the base may be colored using a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated.

[0102] The base coloring should be 10 to 30 degrees higher than the threshold temperature of the main temperature-sensitive material. ℃ The use of substances that irreversibly change color when heated to low temperatures can alert personnel to the risk of future failures and, if appropriate, prevent them if appropriate action is taken. Thus, if such a substance is activated without the primary temperature-sensitive material being activated, it indicates that the equipment is in an overheated state below the tolerance limit corresponding to the primary temperature-sensitive material's threshold temperature, and indicates the need for inspection to identify and correct any malfunctions that may lead to future failures. Therefore, temperatures below the primary temperature-sensitive material's threshold temperature, especially 10-30°C, are recommended. ℃ The presence of a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated at low temperatures further improves the operational safety of the device and the equipment as a whole.

[0103] The base may also be colored using a substance that changes color reversibly when heated. For example, the surface may be coated with a layer of temperature-sensitive paint with the above properties.

[0104] The presence of a material that reversibly changes color when heated can notify personnel of past threshold temperature exceedances as well as overheating conditions during inspection. If such a material is activated during inspection, it indicates that the equipment is currently in an abnormal mode and may pose a hazard. Therefore, the presence of a material that reversibly changes color when heated further improves the operational safety of the device and the equipment as a whole. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0105] The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: The following description is given for the purpose of understanding rather than for the purpose of limitation.

[0106] [Figure 1a] Cross-section of a threshold temperature exceedance recording device installed on an element with complex geometric shape (cylindrical surface). [Figure 1b] Side view of an exceedance threshold temperature recording device installed on an element with complex geometric shape (cylindrical surface). [Figure 1c] Cross section of a device installed on a complex geometric shape (cylindrical surface) that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity. [Figure 2a] 1 shows an example of a vertical installation of the device of the present invention using the "pinch" method (cross-sectional view). [Figure 2b] Example of vertical installation using the "pinch" method (cross section) for a device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity. [Figure 3] Example of a lateral installation of the device of the present invention on an element with a complex geometric shape (concave surface). [Figure 4a] Basic structure of the layered structure of the threshold temperature exceedance recording device. [Figure 4b] The state in which black paint is applied to the heat-sensitive material area on the surface of the layered elastic light-reflecting substrate of the threshold temperature exceeding recording device. [Figure 5a] Before stretching an example of an exceeding threshold temperature recording device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity and is placed on a surface with a changing linear dimension. [Figure 5b] After stretching an example of an exceeding threshold temperature recording device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity and is placed on a surface with a changing linear dimension. [Figure 6a] Initial state of label in threshold temperature exceeding recording device with additional coloring in the heat sensitive material area [Figure 6b] The operating state of the label after exceeding the threshold temperature in an over-threshold temperature recording device with additional coloring in the heat sensitive material area. [Figure 7a] The structure of the heat-sensitive material before stretching includes a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase. [Figure 7b] A structure of a heat-sensitive material containing a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase in an elongated state after application to a cylindrical surface. [Figure 8] Over-threshold temperature recorder indicating expiry date. [Figure 9a] Initial state (top view) of an above-threshold temperature recording device in which the surface of the substrate is colored with a substance that reversibly changes color when heated above a threshold temperature. [Figure 9b] A fully operational state (top view) of an above-threshold temperature recording device in which the surface of the substrate is colored with a substance that reversibly changes color when heated above the threshold temperature, after the threshold temperature has been exceeded. [Figure 9c] A fully operational above-threshold temperature recording device (top view) after cooling, in which the surface of the substrate is colored with a substance that reversibly changes color when heated above a threshold temperature. [Figure 9d] A layered structure of an above-threshold temperature recording device in which the surface of a substrate is colored with a substance that reversibly changes color when heated above a threshold temperature. [Figure 10a] Layer structure of part of an over-threshold temperature recording device in its initial state. [Figure 10b] Layer structure of a portion of the above-threshold temperature recording device after application on a curved surface. [Figure 11a] Top view of the threshold temperature exceedance recording device (initial state of the label). [Figure 11b] 10 is a top view of the threshold temperature exceeding recording device in a partially activated state (only the heated area changes, other areas maintain the initial state) after the threshold temperature is exceeded. [Figure 12a] Microstructure of the heat-sensitive material before activation (scale-like solid organic particles and their aggregates). [Figure 12b]Microstructure of the heat-sensitive material after activation (scale-like solid organic particles and their aggregates). [Figure 13a] Layered structure of an exceeding threshold temperature recording device placed on a corrugated surface. [Figure 13b] FIG. 10 is a top view of the initial state of the threshold temperature exceedance recording device placed on a wavy surface. [Figure 13c] Top view of an exceeding threshold temperature recorder placed on a wavy surface after activation. [Figure 14a] Initial state (top view) of an above-threshold temperature recording device in which the surface of the substrate is colored with a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated above a threshold temperature. [Figure 14b] A partially activated state (top view) of an above-threshold temperature recording device in which the surface of the substrate is colored with a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated above the threshold temperature, after the threshold temperature has been exceeded. [Figure 14c] A fully operational state (top view) of an over-threshold temperature recording device in which the surface of the substrate is colored with a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated above a threshold temperature, after the threshold temperature of the heat-sensitive material has been exceeded. [Figure 14d] The label state after cooling (top view) of an over-threshold temperature recording device in which the surface of the substrate is colored with a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated above the threshold temperature. [Figure 14e] A layered structure of an above-threshold temperature recording device in which the surface of the substrate is colored with a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated above a threshold temperature.

[0107] Figure 1 shows an example of an exceedance-threshold temperature recording device mounted on a complex geometrically shaped element 10 with a radius of curvature R. The device is a layered label, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h0, an elastic substrate 1 with a thickness h1, and a heat-sensitive material 2 with a thickness h2 applied to its surface. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness h3. Figure 1a shows a cross-section of the device with a black elastic substrate. Figure 1b shows a full view of the device with a yellow elastic substrate. Figure 1c shows a cross-section of the device, which does not have the required flexibility and elasticity, resulting in peeling from the surface 10 and creating a gap 11. If the surface radius of curvature is R, then the radius of curvature of the elastic substrate 1 is R1 = R + h0, the radius of curvature of the heat-sensitive material 2 is R2 = R + h0 + h1, and the average radius of curvature of the transparent elastic protective film 6 is R3 = R + h0 + h1 + h2.

[0108] FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an over-threshold temperature recording device fixed to a cylindrical surface 10 using a "pinch" technique. The device is a layered label, including an elastic substrate 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface, covered with a transparent, elastic protective film 6. FIG. 2a shows a device of the present invention, with the "pinch" fixing portion closest to the cylindrical surface and bearing the greatest load to keep the label fixed. This portion has a radius of curvature of R = 2 mm or greater. FIG. 2b shows a device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity; the radius of curvature R' of the "pinch" fixing portion significantly exceeds the radius of curvature R of the device of the present invention (R' >> R). As a result, the device in FIG. 2b does not fit tightly to the cylindrical surface 10, resulting in a gap 11.

[0109] Figure 3 shows an example of an exceedance threshold temperature recording device with three heat-sensitive materials mounted on an element 10 with a complex geometric shape (concave surface) and a radius of curvature R. The device is a label with a layered structure, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h0, an elastic substrate 1 with a thickness h1, and a heat-sensitive material 2 with a thickness h2 applied to its surface. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness h3. In this case, the radius of curvature of the elastic substrate is R1 = R - h0, and the average radius of curvature of the transparent elastic protective film is R2 = R - h0 - h1 - h2.

[0110] Figure 4a shows the layer structure of an over-threshold temperature recording device. The device is a label with a layer structure 5, which includes an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h0, an elastic substrate 1 with a thickness h1, and a heat-sensitive material 2 with a thickness h2 applied to its surface. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness h3. Figure 4a shows a specific example with a black elastic substrate.

[0111] Figure 4b shows the layer structure of the threshold temperature exceedance recording device. This device is a label with a layer structure 5, which includes an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h0, an elastic substrate 1 (with light-reflecting properties) with a thickness h1, and a heat-sensitive material 2 with a thickness h2 applied to its surface. The substrate surface in the heat-sensitive material region is covered with paint 7 (black in this particular example). The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness h3.

[0112] Figure 5 shows a device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity. The device consists of a substrate 1, a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface, and a protective film 6. The device is placed on a surface 10 that changes linear dimension. Figure 5a shows the device in intimate contact with the surface 10 of length L (before stretching). Figure 5b shows the device beginning to peel away from the surface 10 after the surface is stretched to length L' (L'>L), creating a gap 11.

[0113] FIG. 6 shows the surface of a threshold temperature exceedance recording device. The device is a label with a layered structure, including an elastic substrate 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface: (a) the initial state before heating, and (b) the state after the threshold temperature of the heat-sensitive material is reached. As a specific example, FIG. 6 shows a device bearing an indicia 8 indicating the threshold temperature to be recorded on the elastic substrate in the heat-sensitive material area. The elastic substrate 1 is colored yellow, and the heat-sensitive material area is colored black 7.

[0114] Figure 7 shows the layered structure of part of an over-threshold temperature recording device: (a) when placed on a planar surface 10, and (b) when placed on a complex geometric element 10. The device is a layered label that includes an elastic substrate 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface. The microstructure of the heat-sensitive material 2 includes a continuous solid organic material 12 and gas-filled voids 13.

[0115] Figure 8 shows the surface of a threshold temperature exceedance recording device. The device is a label with a layered structure, including an elastic substrate 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface. The surface of the elastic substrate that is not coated with the heat-sensitive material has a marking indicating the temperature to be recorded 8 and the expiration date 9. Figure 8 shows a device with a black-colored elastic substrate as a specific example.

[0116] 9a-9c show the surface of an exceeding-threshold-temperature recording device. This device is a label with a layered structure, including an elastic substrate 1, a substance 14 that reversibly changes color when heated, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface: (a) the initial state before heating, (b) the state after the heat-sensitive material 2 and substance 14 reach their threshold temperatures, and (c) the state after the heat-sensitive material 2 and substance 14 are cooled below their threshold temperatures. FIG. 9d shows the layered structure of an exceeding-threshold-temperature recording device. This device is a label with a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4, an elastic substrate 1 colored with a substance 14 that reversibly changes color when heated, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6. As a specific example, the elastic substrate is colored black, and the heat-sensitive material 2 is applied to its surface. FIG. 9 shows a specific example of a device with an indicia 8 indicating the threshold temperature, which is recorded in an area where the heat-sensitive material 2 is not applied.

[0117] Figure 10 shows the layered structure of a portion of an exceedance-threshold temperature recording device before (a) and after (b) it is attached to a complex geometrically shaped element 10 with a radius of curvature R. The device is a layered label, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h0, an elastic substrate 1 with a thickness h1, and a heat-sensitive material 2 with a thickness h2 applied to its surface. The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness h3. The lengths of the label before attachment to the curved surface were L1, L2, and L3, respectively. If the radius of curvature of surface 10 is R, then the radius of curvature of elastic substrate 1 is R1 = R + h0, the radius of curvature of heat-sensitive material 2 is R2 = R + h0 + h1, and the average radius of curvature of transparent elastic protective film 6 is R3 = R + h0 + h1 + h2. When the device is in close contact with a surface with a radius of curvature R, the length of the outer surface of the substrate after application is L'1 = L1 × R1 / R, the length of the outer surface of the heat-sensitive material layer after application is L'2 = L2 × R2 / R, and the maximum length of the outer surface of the protective film after application is L'3 = L3 × R3 / R.

[0118] Figure 11 shows the surface of an exceeding threshold temperature recording device. This device is a label that includes an elastic substrate 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface: (a) before heating, and (b) after a portion of the heat-sensitive material has been heated. In the heated area 15, the transparency of the heat-sensitive material changes, while other areas 16 maintain their initial state.

[0119] Figure 12 shows the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material 2. (12a) Before heating: A structure including scale-like solid organic particles 12 and their aggregates, as well as voids 13. (12b) After heating above the threshold temperature: The void fraction decreases and the apparent density increases. The particles melt and lose their original shape.

[0120] Figure 13a shows the layered structure of an exceeding-threshold temperature recording device installed on a corrugated surface (radius of curvature R of each bending element). The device is a layered label, including an elastic substrate 1, a black paint 7 applied to its surface, a heat-sensitive material 2 applied on the paint, and a transparent elastic protective film 6 covering the surface of the label. Figure 13b shows a top view of the device in its initial state. In this state, the heat-sensitive material 2 is white. Figure 13c shows a top view of the device after the threshold temperature has been exceeded. The transparency of the heat-sensitive material 2 has irreversibly changed, revealing the color of the underlying substrate.

[0121] Figures 14a-d show the surface of an exceeding-threshold-temperature recording device. This device is a label with a layered structure, including an elastic substrate 1, a substance 17 that irreversibly changes color when heated, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface. (a) Initial state before heating, (b) State after the threshold temperature (T1) of the substance 17 is reached, (c) State after the threshold temperature (T2) of the heat-sensitive material 2 is reached, and (d) State after cooling below the threshold temperature of the substance 17. Figure 14e shows the layered structure of an exceeding-threshold-temperature recording device. This device is a label with a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4, and an elastic substrate 1 colored with a substance 17 that irreversibly changes color when heated. In a specific example, the elastic substrate is colored red, and a heat-sensitive material 2 is applied to its surface. The substrate surface in the heat-sensitive material region is covered with paint 7 (black in this specific example). The label is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0122] As the adhesive layer, acrylic adhesives, styrene adhesives, and polyurethane adhesives can be used. ℃ The adhesive strength to stainless steel at room temperature is 10 N / 25 mm or more, measured after 24 hours using the FINAT TM1 method. Below, we will explain the production and use of the device of the present invention using an acrylic adhesive.

[0123] The elastic substrate of the device of the present invention may be a halogen-containing polymer substrate, specifically including the following materials: vinyl chloride copolymers, especially C-15 (a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate), VHVD-40 (a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film and cast PVC film, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, fluororesin M-40 film, polyester film containing 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane, and polyester film modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, preferably with a thickness of 0.7 mm or less.

[0124] It has the following properties: minimum radius of curvature: 2mm or more, tear elongation: 10% or more, up to 100%, insulating and flame-resistant, can stretch 10% both vertically and horizontally from its original size, and can be placed on surfaces with a minimum radius of curvature of 2mm.

[0125] A thickness of 0.7 mm or less ensures that the activation time of each heat-sensitive material when heated above its corresponding threshold temperature is less than 5 seconds, improving the safety of the control equipment. This is because, in the event of short-term overheating during peak loads, the corresponding heat-sensitive material can be quickly heated and completely melted, changing color from "opaque to transparent" within 5 seconds, clearly displaying the color of the substrate. It also ensures the necessary heat dissipation when air-cooling the device during operation.

[0126] In some embodiments, the substrate may have light-reflecting properties or may be colored using fluorescent materials, which improves the visibility of the device and its operating status, further enhancing the operational safety of the equipment.

[0127] In certain cases, the base may be colored using a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated. The presence of an additional substance that irreversibly changes color when heated allows the base to be colored at temperatures below the threshold temperature of the primary heat-sensitive material (especially 10-30°C). ℃This makes it possible to detect overheating of equipment at low temperatures (low temperature). This makes it possible to detect overheating before it reaches the allowable limit and prevent accidents and breakdowns from occurring.

[0128] The base may also be colored using a substance that reversibly changes color when heated. For example, the surface may be coated with a layer of temperature-sensitive paint with the above properties. The presence of the substance that reversibly changes color when heated can notify personnel of past threshold temperature exceedances as well as overheating conditions during inspection.

[0129] The protective film can be made of a halogen-containing polymer, particularly a PVC film or a polyurethane film modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, provided that the film is transparent to at least a portion of visible light.

[0130] The heat-sensitive material is C n H (2n+1) Organic substances with a structure of (n 5), such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, or rare earth metal salts of saturated fatty acids (especially lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium, etc.). These materials are used at temperatures above the threshold temperature indicated on the label. ℃ Select materials with a melting point difference within the range of 0.1 to 0.2 mm and grind them to 2-3 microns using a ball mill. Then, add the diluent or binder solution one by one and stir until a uniform mixture is obtained. Diluents that can be used include water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetonitrile, etc., or mixtures thereof. The prepared suspension can be used immediately for coating.

[0131] In a preferred embodiment, the content of the solid organic matter in the heat-sensitive material is 70% by mass.

[0132] In a specific example, a polymer binder that is transparent to at least a portion of visible light is added to the heat-sensitive material. The phase transition temperature of this binder is higher than the phase transition temperature of the solid organic material. The polymer binder is preferably contained in the heat-sensitive material in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight.

[0133] The transparent polymer binder may be selected from the following materials: phenol formaldehyde resin, butyl methacrylate resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, polyvinyl butyral, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, phenoxy resin, polystyrene-acrylic emulsion, polyolefin, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylate, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, polycaprolactone, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, polyamide resin, polyether, polyester resin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, agar, casein, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, or mixtures thereof.

[0134] When the threshold temperature is reached, the organic matter ℃ The melting point is selected to be within a range of 100°C, with a visual change from opaque to clear.

[0135] In various embodiments, the organic matter contained in the thermally sensitive material has a threshold temperature of 50 ℃ From 210 ℃ In a specific example, the threshold temperature is selected from the group consisting of: ℃ , 55 ℃ , 60 ℃ , 70 ℃ , 80 ℃ , 90 ℃ , 100 ℃ , 110℃ , 120 ℃ , 130 ℃ , 140 ℃ , 150 ℃ .

[0136] The surface of the device is marked with information about the threshold temperature. In certain cases, the expiration date is also printed in addition to the threshold temperature. It may also include marking information using colors, letters, numbers, or a combination of letters and numbers. The heat-sensitive material is applied in multiple layers using a silkscreen printing method to form a uniform, opaque coating up to 0.8 mm thick. After each layer is applied, the applied layer is dried in air or in a thermostatic oven set at a temperature not exceeding the threshold temperature. Alternatively, volatile components are completely removed under vacuum to form the required microstructure.

[0137] The thermosensitive material obtained in this way consists of two continuous phases: a solid phase and a gas phase. In its initial state, the thermosensitive material is opaque to at least part of the visible light. However, when heated above a corresponding threshold temperature, an irreversible microstructural change occurs, involving the melting of solid organic particles, a reduction in porosity, and an increase in transparency. Even after cooling, the transparency of the thermosensitive material does not return to its initial state.

[0138] In a preferred embodiment, the heat-sensitive material is designed to detect localized overheating of the surface, meaning that only areas heated above a threshold temperature will change color, while unheated areas will maintain their original color.

[0139] Depending on the type of solid organic material, the resulting particles may appear as granules, crystals, fibers, scales, or aggregates thereof.

[0140] After applying the heat-sensitive material, the device is covered with an elastic protective film that is transparent to at least some visible light. This film protects the device from the external environment (humidity, UV light, mechanical damage, etc.), extending its lifespan, and prevents the heat-sensitive material from flowing during a phase transition. The device is designed to record the exceedance of a threshold temperature in an outdoor conductive element.

[0141] In certain instances, the elastic substrate 1 is colored and used as an additional marking to identify the phase of cables, wires, harnesses, and other electrical equipment elements. The color of the substrate is selected in accordance with ГОСТ 28763-90, which regulates color coding in the electrical technology field. The color of the elastic substrate 1 does not affect the visual detection of exceeding the threshold temperature on the equipment surface, but it does provide marking of the device and improve the overall safety of the equipment's operation.

[0142] In certain instances, a paint (particularly black) may be applied to the resilient substrate in the region of the heat-sensitive material prior to application of the heat-sensitive material. In one embodiment, 70% or more of the area of ​​the substrate covered by the heat-sensitive material is colored black.

[0143] The area covered by the heat-sensitive material ranges from 3% to 97% of the surface area of ​​the substrate, and preferably is 30% or more of the surface area of ​​the substrate. In a specific example, the area of ​​the substrate covered by the heat-sensitive material is at least 100 mm, which allows for the identification of activated devices from a long distance and the detection of localized overheating in large-area installations.

[0144] Operating principle of the device A recording device is attached to the surface of an equipment element (including elements with a curvature radius of 2 mm or more) that requires temperature monitoring, using an adhesive layer 4 from which an insulating film 3 has been peeled off. This device is a label with a layered structure 5, and includes an adhesive layer 4, an elastic substrate 1, a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its surface, and a transparent protective film 6. Until the equipment surface reaches a threshold temperature, the heat-sensitive material 2 remains opaque, and the appearance of the device remains in its initial state. When the threshold temperature is reached, the heat-sensitive material 2 undergoes a phase transition, changing its transparency and revealing the color of the elastic substrate 1. Thereafter, even if the equipment surface is cooled, the activated heat-sensitive material portion remains transparent, and the appearance of the device does not return to its initial state. In the present invention, the threshold temperature is 5 ℃ is recorded within the range.

[0145] The surface of the elastic substrate is marked with a threshold temperature number 8. In a specific example, the threshold temperature number is marked in an area where the heat-sensitive material 2 is not applied (but is close to it), or is marked on the substrate below the heat-sensitive material 2. In the latter case, the color of the substrate and the threshold temperature number will appear after the heat-sensitive material has melted.

[0146] This allows a responsible person to detect overheating of an electrical equipment element with a certain accuracy without using any additional equipment, by using the numerical temperature written on the surface of the device, if the surface temperature exceeds the threshold temperature.

[0147] In some embodiments, the elastic substrate 1 is colored black 7 in the areas where the heat sensitive material 2 is applied, and a "white to black" color change is utilized since the heat sensitive material 2 is initially white. Upon reaching a threshold temperature, the heat sensitive material 2 undergoes a phase transition and becomes transparent, revealing the black color of the colored areas 7. This maximizes contrast and greatly enhances the visibility of the activated device.

[0148] The following are preferred embodiments of the device of the present invention, which are given as examples only and do not limit the scope of legal protection. [Example]

[0149] General technology for manufacturing devices Preparation of thermosensitive materials: Phase transition temperature corresponding to threshold temperature 5 ℃ 100 g of organic matter with a particle size of 0.1 mm or less was ground to 2-3 microns, and 300 g of a 3-33% binder solution (water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof) was added sequentially and stirred until a uniform mixture was obtained. The prepared suspension was immediately used for coating.

[0150] In the examples, halogen-containing polymer films of various colors were used, which were flame-retardant, had a dielectric strength of 5 kV / mm or more, and were flexible and strong enough to be installed on uneven surfaces with complex shapes. The adhesive layer of the selected film was 20 ℃The average adhesive strength (FINAT™ 1, after 24 hours, stainless steel) is 10 N / 25 mm. In the examples, an acrylic adhesive was used.

[0151] A solvent-based dye was used to print a diagram showing the threshold temperature (°C) on the adhesive-coated substrate. The heat-sensitive material was applied in 5 to 7 layers using a silkscreen printing method. After application, the material was heated in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃ The device was then dried in a refrigerated oven for at least 1 hour, in a constant temperature oven at a temperature not exceeding the operating temperature of the heat-sensitive material for at least 3 hours, or at room temperature for 24 hours. The heat-sensitive material was initially white. The device was then covered with a transparent, adhesive, elastic protective film. [Example]

[0152] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 50 ℃ Tetracosane was used as the organic material, polycaprolactone as the binder, and methanol as the solvent. The prepared suspension was applied to a black PVC film, Oramask 831, using a silkscreen printing method, excluding the 0.5 mm thick adhesive layer according to Example 1. The threshold temperature value was written on the area where the heat-sensitive material was not applied. The heat-sensitive material was applied in seven layers, and after each layer was applied, it was heated in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃ The label was dried at RT for 1 hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.6 mm, occupying 30% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0153] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 50 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 2 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0154] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 60 ℃ Ytterbium caprylate was used as the organic material, polyvinyl butyral was used as the binder, and a mixture of methanol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (50 / 50 vol%) was used as the solvent. The prepared suspension was applied to a red fluororesin film (M-40) with a thickness of 0.7 mm (excluding the adhesive layer) based on Example 1 using a silk screen printing method. The threshold temperature value was written on the area before applying the heat-sensitive material, and expiration date information was written on the area where the heat-sensitive material was not applied. The heat-sensitive material was applied in seven layers, and after applying each layer, 40 ℃ The label was then dried in a constant temperature oven at 125°C for 3 hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.8 mm, occupying 97% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0155] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 60 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 4 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0156] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 70 ℃The organic compound used was eicosanoic acid, the binder was melamine formaldehyde resin, and the solvent was a mixture of methanol and isobutanol (90 / 10 vol%). The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.2 mm-thick red vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer film (excluding the adhesive layer) based on Example 1 using silkscreen printing. Before applying the heat-sensitive material, the threshold temperature value and black paint were applied to the area. The heat-sensitive material was applied in five layers, and each layer was allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hours. The heat-sensitive material layer was 0.2 mm thick and occupied 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a 0.15 mm-thick transparent polyurethane protective film modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate.

[0157] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 70 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 1 second. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0158] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 80 ℃ Dioctylphosphinic acid was used as the organic substance, polyvinyl butyral as the binder, and ethanol as the solvent. The prepared suspension was applied to a vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymer film with a thickness of 0.35 mm (excluding the adhesive layer) based on Example 1, which has green light reflecting properties, using the silk screen printing method. Before applying the heat-sensitive material, the threshold temperature value and black paint were applied to the area. The heat-sensitive material was applied in five layers, and after applying each layer, it was heated in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃The label was dried at RT for 1 hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.4 mm, occupying 3% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0159] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 80 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 2 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0160] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 90 ℃ Yttrium behenate was used as the organic material, polybutyl methacrylate as the binder, and ethanol as the solvent. The prepared suspension was applied by silkscreen printing to a 0.15 mm thick (excluding the adhesive layer) polyvinylidene fluoride film based on Example 1, which had been colored with a fluorescent orange paint. Before applying the heat-sensitive material, the area was coated with the threshold temperature value and black paint. The heat-sensitive material was applied in five layers, and after each layer was applied, the temperature was measured at 70°C. ℃ The label was then dried in a constant temperature bath at 37°C for 3 hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.2 mm, occupying 30% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0161] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 90 ℃The device was controlled heated to a temperature of 1000 K, and operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 4 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was maintained. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0162] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 100 ℃ Lanthanum palmitate was used as the organic material, gelatin as the binder, and isopropanol as the solvent. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.3 mm thick (excluding the adhesive layer) yellow polyester film based on Example 1, modified with 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane, using silkscreen printing. The threshold temperature value and black paint were applied to the area before applying the heat-sensitive material. The heat-sensitive material was applied in six layers, and each layer was allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hours. The heat-sensitive material layer was 0.5 mm thick and occupied 30% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a 0.05 mm thick transparent PVC protective film.

[0163] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 100 ℃ The device was controlled to a temperature of 1000 K, and operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 2 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0164] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 110 ℃Lanthanum nonadecyl ether was used as the organic material, phenoxy resin as the binder, and ethylene glycol as the solvent. In another example, the prepared suspension was applied to a 0.5 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, based on Example 1 (excluding the adhesive layer), and the threshold temperature value was written on the area where the heat-sensitive material was not applied. The heat-sensitive material was applied in six layers, and after each layer was applied, it was heated in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃ The label was dried at RT for 1 hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.5 mm, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a 0.1 mm thick transparent PVC protective film.

[0165] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 100 ℃ The device was controlled to a temperature of 1000 K, and operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 2 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0166] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 120 ℃ Lanthanum capronate was used as the organic material, polyethylene as the binder, and ethanol as the solvent. In another example, the prepared suspension was applied to a black PVC film, Oramask 831, with a thickness of 0.5 mm (excluding the adhesive layer) based on Example 1, and the threshold temperature value was written in the area where the heat-sensitive material was not applied. The heat-sensitive material was applied in five layers, and after application of each layer, it was left for 60 minutes. ℃ The label was then dried in a constant temperature bath at 37°C for 3 hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.35 mm, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0167] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 120 ℃ The device was controlled heated to a temperature of 1000 K, and operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 3 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0168] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 130 ℃ The organic material used was zinc nonadecanoate, polycarbonate as the binder, and ethanol as the solvent. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.45 mm thick black PVC film (Oramask 831) using silkscreen printing, with the threshold temperature written on the area free of the heat-sensitive material. The heat-sensitive material was applied in five layers, and each layer was allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hours. The heat-sensitive material layer was 0.4 mm thick and occupied 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a 0.02 mm thick transparent PVC protective film.

[0169] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 130 ℃ The device was controlled to a temperature of 1000 K, and operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 2 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0170] To prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, a phase transition temperature of 140 ℃The organic material was zinc palmitate, the binder was nitrocellulose, and the solvent was ethanol. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.4 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, using the silkscreen printing method, and the threshold temperature was written in the area where the heat-sensitive material was not applied. The heat-sensitive material was applied in six layers, and after each layer was applied, it was placed in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃ The label was dried at RT for 1 hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.45 mm, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.03 mm.

[0171] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 140 ℃ The device was controlled to a temperature of 1000 K, and operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 1 second. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0172] To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a phase transition temperature of 150 ℃ The organic material was yttrium capronate, the binder was polyvinylidene fluoride, and the solvent was ethanol. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.2 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, using silkscreen printing, and the threshold temperature was written in the area where the heat-sensitive material was not applied. The heat-sensitive material was applied in five layers, and after each layer was applied, the temperature was measured at 60 °C. ℃ The label was then dried in a constant temperature oven at 125°C for 3 hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.3 mm, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0173] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 150 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 1 second. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0174] To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a phase transition temperature of 210 ℃ The organic material used was yttrium capronate, the binder was polybutyl acrylate, and the solvent was ethanol. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.15 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, using silkscreen printing, with the threshold temperature written on the area not covered by the thermally sensitive material. The thermally sensitive material was applied in five layers, and each layer was allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hours. The thermally sensitive material layer was 0.4 mm thick and occupied 70% of the label surface area. The device was then covered with a 0.1 mm thick transparent PVC protective film.

[0175] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 210 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 1 second. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0176] To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a phase transition temperature of 55 ℃The organic material was yttrium capronate, the binder was polyethersulfone, and the solvent was ethanol. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.25 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, using silkscreen printing, and the threshold temperature was written in the area where the thermally sensitive material was not applied. The thermally sensitive material was applied in five layers, and after each layer was applied, it was heated in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃ The label was dried at RT for 1 hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.25 mm, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a 0.15 mm thick transparent PVC protective film.

[0177] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 55 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 3 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0178] To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a phase transition temperature of 40 ℃ The organic material was yttrium capronate, the binder was ethyl cellulose, and the solvent was ethanol. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.15 mm thick (excluding the adhesive layer) black PVC film, Oramask 831, using silkscreen printing, and the threshold temperature was written in the area where the heat-sensitive material was not applied. The heat-sensitive material was applied in five layers, and after each layer was applied, it was heated in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃ The label was dried at RT for 1 hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.3 mm, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0179] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 40 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 1 second. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0180] To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a phase transition temperature of 60 ℃ The organic material was yttrium capronate, the binder was polymethacrylate, and the solvent was ethanol. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.35 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, using silkscreen printing, and the threshold temperature was written in the area where the heat-sensitive material was not applied. The heat-sensitive material was applied in six layers, and after each layer was applied, the temperature was measured at 40 °C. ℃ The label was then dried in a constant temperature oven at 125°C for 3 hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.55 mm, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.02 mm.

[0181] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 60 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 2 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0182] To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a phase transition temperature of 80 ℃The organic material used was yttrium capronate, polycarbonate as the binder, and ethanol as the solvent. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.65 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, using silkscreen printing, with the threshold temperature written on the area free of the heat-sensitive material. The heat-sensitive material was applied in seven layers, and each layer was allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hours. The heat-sensitive material layer was 0.75 mm thick, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a 0.03 mm thick transparent PVC protective film.

[0183] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 80 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 4 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0184] To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a phase transition temperature of 40 ℃ The organic material was yttrium capronate, the binder was polybutyl acrylate, and the solvent was ethanol. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.1 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, using the silkscreen printing method, and the threshold temperature was written in the area where the thermally sensitive material was not applied. The thermally sensitive material was applied in five layers, and after each layer was applied, it was placed in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃ The label was dried at RT for 1 hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.15 mm, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0185] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 40 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 1 second. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0186] To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a phase transition temperature of 55 ℃ The organic material used was yttrium capronate, with polybutyl methacrylate as the binder and ethanol as the solvent. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.15 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, using silkscreen printing, with the threshold temperature written on the area free of the heat-sensitive material. The heat-sensitive material was applied in five layers, and each layer was allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hours. The heat-sensitive material layer was 0.25 mm thick and occupied 70% of the label surface area. The device was then covered with a 0.15 mm thick transparent PVC protective film.

[0187] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 55 ℃ The device was then controlled to a temperature of 1000 K. Operation of the device was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 1 second. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the heat-sensitive material maintained its transparency. During heating and after cooling, the device adhered to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0188] To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a phase transition temperature of 65 ℃The organic material was yttrium capronate, the binder was polyvinyl butyral, and the solvent was ethanol. The prepared suspension was applied to a 0.55 mm thick black PVC film, Oramask 831, using silkscreen printing, and the threshold temperature was written in the area where the heat-sensitive material was not applied. The heat-sensitive material was applied in seven layers, and after each layer was applied, it was placed in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃ The label was dried for 1 hour at RT. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.45 mm. The label surface size was 12 × 12 mm (area: 144 mm), and the heat-sensitive material layer size was 10 × 10 mm (area: 100 mm). The device was covered with a transparent PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0189] The device was placed on a flat surface of a heating element at room temperature. ℃ / sec at a rate of 65 ℃ The device was heated in a controlled manner until the temperature reached 100°C, while the other parts were not heated. The activation of the device in the heated parts was visually confirmed by the increase in transparency of the corresponding heat-sensitive material area and the appearance of the color of the substrate. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was confirmed that the transparency of the corresponding heat-sensitive material area was maintained. The entire heating element was then heated for 10 minutes. ℃ / sec at a rate of 65 ℃ The device was heated to 100°C. Full operation of the device was visually confirmed by an increase in transparency of the entire heat-sensitive material layer, revealing the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and transparency change to occur was 2 seconds. During the heating and cooling cycles, the device remained in close contact with the wavy surface of the heating element, with no evidence of delamination. [Example]

[0190] The areas where the heat-sensitive material is to be applied are covered with OraJet 3951 black PVC film, a protective polyethylene film, and the uncoated areas are covered with Tempilaq, a reversible color-changing yellow heat-sensitive paint. 113℃After the paint dried, the protective film was peeled off, and the threshold temperature was written on the surface of the substrate coated with the heat-sensitive paint using a solvent-based dye. The thickness of the substrate containing the heat-sensitive paint was 0.45 mm. Next, the areas where the heat-sensitive material was not to be applied were covered with a protective film, and the heat-sensitive material was applied in seven layers using the silkscreen printing method. After the applied layers were completely dry, the protective film was peeled off. To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a 110 ℃ The organic material was yttrium capronate, the binder was butyl methacrylate resin, and the solvent was ethanol. The heat-sensitive material was applied in six layers, and after each layer was applied, it was left for 60 minutes. ℃ The label was then dried in a constant temperature oven at 125°C for 3 hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.6 mm, occupying 70% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent elastic PVC protective film with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0191] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 115 ℃ The device was heated in a controlled manner until the activation of the heat-sensitive material area was visually confirmed with the appearance of the color of the substrate, and the color change of the heat-sensitive paint was also confirmed. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 1 second. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the transparency of the heat-sensitive material area was maintained and the color of the heat-sensitive paint had returned to its original state. During heating and after cooling, the device remained tightly adhered to the wavy surface, and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0192] The area where the heat-sensitive material is applied is covered with a protective polyethylene film. The uncoated area is covered with a yellow heat-sensitive paint, Hallcrest SC, 80. ℃After the paint dried, the protective film was peeled off, and the threshold temperature was marked with a solvent-based dye on the surface of the substrate coated with the heat-sensitive paint. The thickness of the substrate containing the heat-sensitive paint was 0.55 mm. The areas where the heat-sensitive material was not to be applied were covered with a protective film, and a solvent-based black dye was applied to those areas. Six layers of the heat-sensitive material were then applied using the silkscreen printing method. After the applied layers were completely dry, the protective film was peeled off. To prepare the heat-sensitive material, a 150 ℃ The organic material was yttrium capronate, the binder was phenol formaldehyde resin, and the solvent was ethanol. The heat-sensitive material was applied in six layers, and after each layer was applied, it was heated in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20 ℃ The label was dried at RT for 1 hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.45 mm, occupying 30% of the label surface area. The device was covered with a transparent elastic PVC protective film 0.15 mm thick.

[0193] The device was attached to a wavy surface at room temperature, with the radius of curvature of each bending element being R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a). ℃ / sec at a rate of 80 ℃ The heating was controlled to 150°C, and the activation of the heat-sensitive material area was visually confirmed along with the appearance of the color of the substrate, and the color change of the heat-sensitive paint was also confirmed. ℃ The heating was continued for 10 seconds, and activation of the heat-sensitive material area was visually confirmed with the appearance of the color of the substrate. The time required for the phase transition and change in transparency to occur was 2 seconds. After the device was cooled to room temperature, it was visually confirmed that the transparency of the heat-sensitive material area was maintained and the color change of the heat-sensitive paint was also maintained. During heating and after cooling, the device remained tightly attached to the wavy surface and no peeling was observed. [Example]

[0194] To measure the tear elongation of the devices manufactured based on Examples 2 to 21, they were attached to a 1 cm thick rubber plate. The dimensions of the rubber plate were 1 to 3 cm larger on each side than the dimensions of the corresponding device. The following test was performed on each sample. One end of the rubber plate and the device attached to it was fixed, and force was applied to the opposite end to stretch the rubber plate and device to 10% of their original dimensions and fixed in that state. Similarly, the remaining free end of the rubber plate and device were fixed, and the rubber plate and device were stretched in a direction perpendicular to the initial stretching direction and fixed in that state. During this process, it was confirmed that each device manufactured based on Examples 2 to 21 was in close contact with the surface of the rubber plate.

[0195] The stretched rubber plate and the device were placed in a thermostatic chamber and heated to 0.1 ℃ The test devices were controlled to heat at a rate of 1 / sec to the corresponding threshold temperature. Each test device was confirmed to be fully operational with a specified accuracy upon reaching the threshold temperature. After cooling to room temperature, it was confirmed that the transparency of the heat-sensitive material of each test device was maintained. After the stretching was released, the transparency of the heat-sensitive material of each test device and the integrity of the device itself and the heat-sensitive material layer were maintained.

[0196] These test results demonstrate that the technological achievement, namely the ability to adhere to surfaces with complex shapes and linear dimensions varying within 10% while maintaining accurate registration of threshold temperature exceedances, improves the operational safety of a wide range of equipment, particularly electrical equipment.

[0197] The present invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments. Other embodiments may be apparent to those skilled in the art that do not change the essence of what is disclosed herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the descriptions and examples set forth.

Claims

1. The threshold temperature exceeding recording device is an elastic label having a layered structure, the layered structure comprising: Adhesive layer; a colored elastic substrate containing at least 5% by weight of halogen atoms, the value of which is recorded; ±5°C of the specified threshold temperature ° C, the transparency of which irreversibly changes relative to its original state, allowing the heating to be visually recorded. H A heat-sensitive material applied to the surface of a substrate containing a solid organic material containing (n 5); a transparent, elastic protective film covering the substrate and the temperature-sensitive material, the protective film being transparent to at least a portion of visible light; Including, Even after being attached to a cylindrical surface with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more and after being stretched 10% longitudinally and transversely relative to its original size, it remains within ±5°C of the specified threshold temperature. ° An over-threshold temperature recorder designed to maintain visual recording of overheating within 100°C.

2. 2. An exceeding threshold temperature recording device according to claim 1, having insulating properties, preferably with a dielectric strength of 5 kV / mm or more.

3. The elastic substrate is —CH 2. The above-threshold temperature recording device according to claim 1, wherein a polymer containing CHCl- structural units is used, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), in particular cast PVC.

4. 2. The exceeding-threshold temperature recording device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the elastic substrate is preferably 0.7 mm or less, the thickness of the heat-sensitive material is 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the transparent elastic protective film is preferably 0.15 mm.

5. Adhesion strength of label to stainless steel (FINAT TM1 method, 20 ℃ 2. The threshold temperature exceeding recording device of claim 1, wherein the applied stress is 10 N / 25 mm or more.

6. 2. The threshold temperature exceeding recording device according to claim 1, wherein said transparent elastic protective film is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), in particular cast PVC.

7. 2. The exceeding-threshold temperature recording device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic substrate has a tear elongation of 10% or more, and the elastic protective film has a tear elongation of 33% or more.

8. 2. The above-mentioned threshold temperature exceeding recording device of claim 1, wherein the thermally sensitive material has a microstructure initially composed of a continuous solid phase and a gas phase, and when the threshold temperature is reached, the microstructure is destroyed, the solid organic particles melt, the voids decrease, the transparency increases, and the color of the substrate is revealed.

9. The solid-phase organic matter of the heat-sensitive material is a structural unit C H (n 12) containing aliphatic fatty acids, structural unit C H (n 5), an alkane containing 20 or more carbon atoms, a structural unit C H Dialkylphosphinic acid containing (n 5), structural unit C H (n 5) containing the structural unit C H (n 10) aliphatic fatty acid anhydrides containing structural units C H (n 14) containing aliphatic alcohols, structural units C H Aliphatic amines containing (n 17), structural units C H aliphatic fatty acid nitriles, including (n 19); 2. The threshold temperature exceedance recording device of claim 1, selected from:

10. The solid organic matter of the heat-sensitive material is palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, rare earth metal salts of saturated fatty acids, in particular lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium, 2. The threshold temperature exceedance recording device of claim 1, selected from:

11. The content of the solid organic matter in the heat-sensitive material is H 2. The exceeding-threshold temperature recording device according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of the single organic substance or multiple organic substances including (n5) is 50% by mass or more.

12. 2. The above-threshold temperature exceeding recording device of claim 1, wherein the heat-sensitive material comprises 1 to 30% by weight of a polymer binder that is transparent to a portion of visible light.

13. 10. The above-threshold temperature recording apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heat-sensitive material changes transparency within 5 seconds upon heating above a threshold temperature.

14. The threshold temperature is selected from the range of 50 to 210°C, and in particular 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, ℃ 2. The above-threshold temperature recording device of claim 1, wherein the preferred temperatures are 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, and 150°C.

15. 10. The threshold temperature exceedance recording device of claim 1, wherein the color or indicia of the elastic substrate can be used for marking or phase color coding of electrical equipment elements.

16. 2. The threshold temperature exceeding recording device of claim 1, wherein the area of ​​the substrate covered with the heat sensitive material is 100 mm or more.

17. 2. The exceeding threshold temperature recording device of claim 1, wherein the device is designed so that only the portion that exceeds the threshold temperature changes color, and the portion that is not heated maintains its original color.

18. 2. The threshold temperature exceedance recording device of claim 1, wherein the heat sensitive material is initially white and undergoes a "white to black" color change upon changing transparency.

19. 10. The above-threshold temperature exceeding recording device of claim 1, wherein the elastic substrate has light reflective properties.

20. 10. The threshold temperature exceedance recording device of claim 1, wherein the substrate is colored using a fluorescent material.

21. 10. The threshold temperature exceedance recording device of claim 1, wherein the substrate is colored using a substance that reversibly changes color when heated.

22. 10. The threshold temperature exceedance recording device of claim 1, wherein the substrate is colored using a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated.

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