Bistable switching device

Abstract

To form a bistable switching device which prevents evaporation and arc formation in the case of a short circuit.SOLUTION: And a transmission unit for generating a normal contact force for pressing the movable contact arrangement against the mating contact arrangement and for moving the movable contact arrangement between the first position and the second position, wherein the plurality of contact points of the movable contact arrangement reduce the current density at each of the contact points, wherein the transmission unit increases the normal contact force for the sum of the contact points of the plurality of contact points in at least one of the first position and the second position.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 22

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a bistable switching device, ie, a switching device that has two stable states independent of an external power source, in contrast to a monostable switching device. [Background technology]

[0002] A switching device is an electrical component used to electrically switch a circuit on and off. It may be, for example, a disconnecting element, contactor, relay, or circuit breaker. In a bistable switching device, in a first stable position (open), the movable contact device of the first circuit and the mating contact device are separated, and in a second stable position (closed), the movable contact device of the first circuit and the mating contact device are conductively connected.

[0003] Furthermore, the same switching device can be used to switch a second circuit, for example, such that in a second stable position, in this case the open position, the movable contact device and the mating contact device of the second circuit are separated, and in a first stable position, in this case the closed position, the movable contact device and the mating contact device of the second circuit are conductively connected.

[0004] In particular, switching devices can be used to switch high currents, e.g., tens of kA, and / or high voltages, e.g., tens of kV. Typically, switching devices with solenoid coils, lifting armature, and contact plates are used to switch and interrupt electrical circuits in the high current and / or high voltage range. These offer very high switching speeds and can interrupt loads up to hundreds of amperes, but are generally not bistable.

[0005] Switching devices with low contact resistance are advantageous for switching high currents and / or voltages. This is especially necessary for high short-circuit currents (up to 27 kA) and pulse durations up to 5 ms. In this case, high power at the contacts with the highest contact resistance typically leads to damage, such as evaporation. Furthermore, high short-circuit currents can cause the contacts to separate due to the enhanced effect of magnetic levitation. As is well known, the current flowing toward the contacts is antiparallel to the current flowing away from the contacts, which causes repulsion at the contacts. This unwanted separation can also result in undesirable arcing. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a bistable switching device that prevents evaporation and arc formation in the event of a short circuit. A further object is derived from the particular application, i.e., there may be requirements for space and weight for the switching device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The above object is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Advantageous further embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent patent claims.

[0008] A general aspect relates to a bistable switching device for switching an electric circuit between a first position (e.g., a first circuit open position and a second circuit closed position) in which the movable contact device and the mating contact device are in a first stable state (e.g., separated or conductively connected) and a second position (e.g., a first circuit closed position and a second circuit open position) in which the movable contact device and the mating contact device are in a second stable state (e.g., separated or conductively connected). The switching device includes a drive unit having a motor, and the drive unit generates a contact normal force to press the movable contact device against the mating contact device in at least one of the first position and the second position, e.g., the first circuit closed position or the second circuit closed position. The switching device further includes a transmission unit disposed between the drive unit and the movable contact device for moving the movable contact device between a first position and a second position. The movable contact device includes a plurality of contacts for contacting a mating contact device in a closed position. The plurality of contacts reduces a current density at each of the contacts. The transmission unit further includes a mechanical linkage, such as a cam mechanism or a lever mechanism, which increases a contact normal force of the plurality of contacts in at least one of the first position and the second position, such as the first circuit closed position or the second circuit closed position.

[0009] The provision of multiple contacts reduces contact resistance. A mechanical linkage, such as a cam or lever mechanism, facilitates increasing the contact normal force to such an extent that the bistable switching device remains stable, particularly in the closed position of the first or second circuit, and compensates for effects such as magnetic levitation in the event of a short circuit or mechanical vibration, which can facilitate separation of the movable contact device from the mating contact device in the closed position of the first or second circuit. At the same time, the mechanical linkage, such as a cam or lever mechanism, can meet installation space and weight requirements.

[0010] For a better understanding of the invention, it will be described in more detail with reference to the examples shown in the following figures. Identical parts are provided with identical reference numerals and component names. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features of the various examples shown and described may represent independent inventive solutions or solutions according to the invention.

[0011] The present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a switching device according to a first variant in an open position. [Figure 2] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a switching device according to a first variant in a closed position; [Figure 3] 4 is a schematic diagram of a part of a drive unit of a switching device according to a first variant; [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for driving a motor of a switching device according to a first variant; [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is a further schematic view of a part of the drive unit of the switching device according to the first variant; [Figure 6] 4 is a schematic view of a part of a transmission unit of a switching device according to a first variant; [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a portion of FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 5 is a schematic view of a contact plate of a switching device according to a first variant; [Figure 9] 1 is a schematic view of a mating contact arrangement of a switching device according to a first variant; [Figure 10] 5 is a schematic view of a spacer of a switching device according to a first variant; [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a schematic detailed view of the inside of a switching device according to a first variant. [Figure 12]FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the exterior of a switching device according to a first variant; [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a further schematic detail view of the interior of the switching device according to the first variant; [Figure 14] 4 is a schematic view of a housing of a switching device according to a first variant. [Figure 15] 1 is a schematic detailed view of the interior of a switching system using a switching device according to a first variant; [Figure 16] 4 is a further schematic detail view of the interior of a switching system using a switching device according to the first variant; FIG. [Figure 17] FIG. 2 is a schematic detailed view of the interior of a switching system according to a first variant. [Figure 18] 10A and 10B are perspective and partial cross-sectional views of a switching device according to a second variant in a position for series connection; [Figure 19] 10A and 10B are perspective and partial cross-sectional views of a switching device according to a second variant in a position for series connection; [Figure 20] 19A and 19B are diagrams of the switching devices according to FIGS. 18 and 19A and 19B in a position for parallel connection. [Figure 21] 19A and 19B are diagrams of the switching devices according to FIGS. 18 and 19A and 19B in a position for parallel connection. [Figure 22] FIG. 19 is a further diagram of the switching device according to FIG. 18. [Figure 23] FIG. 19 is a further diagram of the switching device according to FIG. 18. [Figure 24] FIG. 19 is a further diagram of the switching device according to FIG. 18. [Figure 25] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a transmission unit of a switching device according to a second variant. [Figure 26] 10A and 10B are views of the conductive part of a switching device according to a second variant in a first position and in a second position; [Figure 27]10A and 10B are views of the conductive part of a switching device according to a second variant in a first position and in a second position; [Figure 28] 5 is a schematic view of a contact plate of a switching device according to a second variant. [Figure 29] 5 is a schematic view of a contact plate of a switching device according to a second variant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The embodiments will first be described by way of example with reference to the drawings.

[0014] A first aspect relates to a bistable switching device for switching an electric circuit between a first position (e.g., an open position of a first circuit and a closed position of a second circuit) in which the movable contact device and the mating contact device are in a first stable state (e.g., separated or conductively connected) and a second position (e.g., a closed position of the first circuit and an open position of the second circuit) in which the movable contact device and the mating contact device are in a second stable state (e.g., separated or conductively connected). The switching device includes a drive unit having a motor, in particular a reduction transmission. The drive unit generates a contact normal force to press the movable contact device against the mating contact device in at least one of the first position and the second position, e.g., the closed position of the first circuit or the closed position of the second circuit. The switching device further includes a transmission unit disposed between the drive unit and the movable contact device for moving the movable contact device between a first position and a second position. The movable contact device includes a plurality of contacts, each of which is adapted to contact a mating contact device. In other words, the plurality of contacts can reduce the current density at each of the contacts. The transmission unit further includes a mechanical linkage, such as a cam mechanism or a lever mechanism, which increases the normal contact force. In particular, the normal contact force is increased relative to the sum of the normal contact forces of the plurality of contacts in at least one of the first position and the second position, such as the first circuit closed position or the second circuit closed position.

[0015] In this context, bistable refers to a system having two stable equilibrium states, where the first and second positions are the two bistable states of the switching device. FIGS. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of a switching device 10 according to a first variant. FIG. 1 shows the switching device in a first position, here an open position. FIG. 2 shows the switching device in a second position, here a closed position. FIGS. 18-21 are perspective and partial cross-sectional views of a switching device 10′ according to a second variant. FIGS. 18 and 19 show the switch device in a stable position for series connection, referred to in FIG. 27 and hereinafter as the second position. FIGS. 20 and 21 show the switch device 10′ in a stable position for parallel connection, referred to in FIG. 26 and hereinafter as the first position. Notably, the stable position for series connection may alternatively be referred to as the first position, and the stable position for parallel connection may alternatively be referred to as the second position.

[0016] In this context, a drive unit is understood to be a system having at least one motor. Examples of drive unit components are shown in Figures 3 to 5, particularly in Figure 24 for the second variant. As shown in Figures 5 and 24, the drive unit can have a reducer. As shown, the motor can drive a rotating shaft. For example, the motor can be an electric motor, such as a DC motor or an AC motor. Motors, especially electric motors, typically include a rotor driven by a stator. The motor allows for state changes, and bistability is achieved by the drive unit, for example, by a suitable motor or other components of the drive unit, or by a mechanical self-locking mechanism in the transmission unit, such as a slider screw. This eliminates the need to supply a holding voltage to contactors operated by magnetically operated lifting armatures, allowing them to maintain both states, particularly the parallel-connected closed state and / or the series-connected closed state, even if the supply is interrupted. The optional reducer allows the use of smaller motors for the drive unit, which would normally only be able to transmit low torques. In particular, the reducer increases the torque to the point where the contact device can be pressed against the mating contact device with the required clamping force.

[0017] The transmission unit is a unit for transmitting a force, such as a torque, supplied by the drive unit to the movable contact device. In particular, the transmission unit can be called a force transmission unit. Examples of components of the transmission unit are shown in Figures 6 to 7 and 23.

[0018] The transmission unit includes a mechanical linkage that transmits and modifies motion and force, converting inputs into desired types of outputs. The mechanical linkage includes, among others, a cam mechanism such as those shown in FIGS. 18-25 and a lever mechanism such as those shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

[0019] Contact resistance is generally understood here as the electrical resistance between contacts of an electrical switching device, in particular between a movable contact device and a mating contact device. Contact resistance includes, in particular, outer layer resistance and constriction resistance, with the outer layer resistance being affected by the contact area. Constriction resistance generally depends on the effective contact area that limits the current. Constriction resistance depends on the resistivity of the materials used, surface irregularities (e.g., due to burn-off), and the number of effective contact areas. The size of the contact is due to the contact normal force and the hardness or rigidity of the surface material. The layer resistance is due to the surface resistivity and outer layer resistance. The effective contact area is due to hardness, roughness, and normal force. The constriction resistance is due to the effective contact area and the current density.

[0020] Here, the contact resistance is reduced by increasing the number of effective contact areas by providing the movable contact device with a plurality of n contacts for contacting the mating contact device, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0021] Examples of movable contact devices with n contacts are shown in particular in Figures 8 and 28. It is advantageous for n to be 10 or greater. Under the approximation that the contact resistance at each contact is the same, the current density at each contact drops by a factor of n. This means that in the event of a short circuit, the current density at each contact drops to a level where evaporation does not occur. Because saturation can occur if each contact has a contact spring, it is advantageous for n to be 50 or less. The normal force is determined by the deflection of the spring. However, as the number of contacts increases, the available spring force becomes smaller and weaker. However, contact springs with weaker spring force limit the total resistance. Therefore, an upper limit on the number of contact springs can be useful.

[0022] Furthermore, the movement of the spring causes relative movement of the contacts in the mating contact area, thereby reducing the outer layer resistance, a desired effect also known as contact fritting.

[0023] The transmission unit includes a mechanical linkage, such as a cam mechanism, particularly as shown in FIGS. 18-25, or a lever mechanism, particularly as shown in FIG. 1. A cam mechanism is a mechanical system that converts rotary motion into linear motion. A cam mechanism generally includes three main components. The first component is a cam 1420, a rotating or sliding part with an irregular shape. As the cam 1420 rotates or moves, it contacts and pushes against another second component, a cam follower 1122, shown in FIG. 25, thereby transmitting the motion. The cam follower 1122 directly contacts the cam 1420 and follows its contour. The movement of the follower 1122 can be translational (linear), particularly between the first and second positions. The third component is a cam shaft 1410 to which the cam 1420 is attached, providing the rotational motion required for the cam's operation. A lever mechanism is a basic mechanical device used to transmit and amplify force through a lever arm. In particular, a cam mechanism can function similarly to a lever mechanism in transmitting and amplifying force to move the follower 1122. Herein, a mechanical linkage, such as a cam mechanism and / or a lever mechanism, increases the normal contact force of each of the multiple contacts in at least one of a first position and a second position, such as the first closed position and / or the second closed position. For example, when spring contacts are used, each contact spring can deflect by 0.2 mm or more and / or 0.4 mm or less, particularly 0.3 mm. The spring constant provides a normal force of 3 to 5 N per spring. The spring travel can be limited by lateral protective structures, described below as end stops. This limits the normal force of all spring contacts, regardless of the force applied by the mechanical linkages, e.g., cam and / or lever mechanisms. For example, the mechanical linkages, e.g., cam and / or lever mechanisms, only need to exceed a minimum dimension of n x 3-5 N. This transmission and amplification is achieved mechanically by the linkages and can be explained using the law of leverage. A large leverage force (also called the output force) is provided at the movable contact device, preventing the magnetic levitation effect from leading to separation even under high short-circuit currents. Levitation depends on the number of contacts. At the concentrating resistor, there is an opposing Lorentz force that causes contact repulsion and therefore levitation. The Lorentz force increases with the square of the current density. By reducing the current density at each of the contacts, the effect of levitation is reduced. A small lever force (also called the input force) is transmitted to the drive unit, which allows for a minimal amount of force transmission, e.g., n x 3-5 N. This allows the switching device to be made smaller and lighter. In other words, the input force is smaller than the output force.

[0024] A second aspect relates to a switching device according to aspect 1, wherein the stable contact arrangement includes a first pair of contact terminals 1212, 1214 of a first power and load element and a second pair of contact terminals 1222, 1224 of a second power and load element, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 26 and 27 , and the mechanical linkage connects the two power and load elements in parallel in a first position, as shown in FIG. 26 , and connects the two power and load elements in series in a second position, as shown in FIG. 27 .

[0025] For example, as used herein, a power and load element is a power source, such as a battery or a battery package including multiple cells. Alternatively or additionally, a power and load element is a power load, such as a motor. At times, a motor can function as a power source, in other words, can operate as a generator, and a battery can function as a load in such situations, for example, when charging. The power and load element is connected to the power distribution system, for example, by a bus bar including contact terminals 1212, 1214, 1222, 1224.

[0026] For simplicity, hereinafter, it is assumed that a battery operates as a power source. In particular, the battery may include multiple subunits, such as a first DC power source having contact terminals 1212 and 1214 and a second DC power source having contact terminals 1222 and 1224. Each power source is connected by a power distribution system having terminals. For example, two terminals are positive terminals, such as terminals 1212 and 1214, at a high potential, such as +400 V, and the contact terminals 1214 and 1224 are negative terminals or ground terminals at a low potential, such as 0 V. A switching device can switch the power distribution system between a series connection and a parallel connection. Thus, the switching device can, for example, double the output voltage (e.g., 800 V) in a series connection and double the current output in a parallel connection. Thus, this switching system can be used, for example, in a vehicle to enable a voltage of 400 V for charging the battery and a voltage of 800 V for driving the vehicle.

[0027] The switching device according to the second variant, compared to the switching device according to the first variant shown in Figures 15 to 17 and described below, makes it even easier to switch between series and parallel connections using a single drive unit and a single transmission unit. Furthermore, this configuration reduces the number of bridge contacts from four to three and the number of bus bars from five to four compared to the solution shown in Figures 15 to 17. Furthermore, the number of contact areas is reduced from eight to six. Furthermore, the resistance in the series path can be reduced due to the reduced number of switching contacts.

[0028] A third aspect relates to a switching device according to the first or second aspect, wherein the stable contact arrangement includes a plurality of terminals, at least one of the terminals including a first contact area for contacting the movable contact arrangement in a first position, and at least one of the terminals including a second contact area opposite the first contact area for contacting the movable contact arrangement in a second position.

[0029] As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 , the terminals 1214 and 1222 are formed as metal stripes or bars used to conduct electricity within the power distribution system. In other words, the terminals are part of a busbar. For example, the terminal 1214 has a contact area 1214_1 for a parallel connection and an opposite contact area 1214_2 for a series connection. Thus, the two opposite contact areas facilitate switching the power distribution system between a first position for parallel connection and a second position for series connection by a movable contact device including the bridges 1110_1, 1110_2, and 1110_3. A fourth aspect relates to a switching device according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the motor, particularly a DC motor, includes a rotor for driving an axially extending drive shaft, and the drive unit includes a reducer and an axially extending output shaft driven by the reducer, the output shaft and the motor rotor being arranged side by side.

[0030] Here, "side by side" means that they are arranged at a distance in the radial direction perpendicular to the axial direction. In other words, "side by side" here means that they are arranged regardless of the circumferential direction. Therefore, the drive shaft is located, for example, above or below the output shaft. This allows for a compact arrangement.

[0031] In addition to or instead of locating the output shaft adjacent to the drive shaft, the switching device can have a circuit board with circuitry for driving the motor, the circuit board being located at the axial end of the motor, which also contributes to a compact arrangement.

[0032] In addition to or instead of disposing the output shaft adjacent to the drive shaft, the drive unit can have a limiting device. In particular, the limiting device can detect when the first position or the second position is reached and can control the motor accordingly, for example, by switching it off. For example, the limiting device can include a position element for limiting the movement of the transmission unit. Additionally or alternatively, the limiting device can control the motor based on the power consumed by the motor. When the power consumed by the motor is greater than the limit power, the control unit can determine that the limiting device has been reached. Additionally or alternatively, a limit switch can be provided to notify the control unit that the limiting device has been reached. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit may be provided with a predetermined value for stopping the drive unit when it reaches a limit. Thus, the cam mechanism may be limited to rotating the cam only 180°, so that the device is held in one of the stable positions. It should be understood that the 180° value may be provided with some tolerance, for example, 180°±15°.

[0033] A fifth aspect relates to a switching device according to one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the drive unit has a reducer with a gear transmission, the gear transmission being arranged between the drive shaft of the motor and the output shaft of the drive unit. This arrangement allows for a space-saving and stable solution. Alternative solutions are chains or planetary gears.

[0034] A sixth aspect relates to the switching device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the mechanical linkage includes a cam mechanism including a camshaft for being rotated by an output shaft of the drive unit and a cam for converting the rotational movement of the camshaft into a reciprocating movement between the first position and the second position. This solution is particularly shown in Fig. 24. The camshaft 1410 includes a cam 1420. In particular, the output shaft 340 and the camshaft 1410 can be arranged adjacent to each other to reduce the integration space.

[0035] A seventh embodiment relates to a switching device according to embodiment 6, wherein the cam mechanism includes a drive wheel rotated by a drive unit, and the drive wheel and cam form a reducer for increasing the contact normal force. The drive wheel 1430 has an outer diameter greater than the diameter of a circle surrounding the movement of the irregularly shaped cam 1420, as particularly shown in FIG. 24 .

[0036] 24, the cam mechanism further comprises a gear transmission, which is advantageously arranged between the output shaft 340 of the drive unit and the drive wheel 1430 of the cam mechanism. In particular, the drive wheel 1430 is a gear and the output shaft 340 comprises a gear, in particular is formed as a gear.

[0037] An eighth aspect relates to a switching device according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, wherein the mechanical linkage includes a contact bridge holder for moving at least one contact bridge between a first position and a second position. In particular, a contact bridge holder 1120 is shown in FIG. 25 . This contact bridge holder 1120 is capable of moving a plurality of contact bridges, for example, three contact bridges 1110_1, 1110_2, 1110_3. The contact bridge holder 1120 may be formed from an insulating material, for example, plastic. Furthermore, the contact bridge holder 1120 may be assembled from two parts: a first contact bridge holder 1120_1 for holding the first bridge 1110_1 and a second contact bridge holder 1120_2 for holding the second bridges 1110_2, 1110_3.

[0038] A ninth aspect relates to a switching device according to aspects 6 or 7 and 8, wherein the contact bridge holder comprises at least one cam follower for following the reciprocating motion of the cam. In particular, the contact bridge holder 1120 shown in Fig. 25 comprises an elongated recess 1122 forming the cam follower.

[0039] A tenth aspect relates to a switching device according to aspects 8 or 9, wherein the switching device comprises a linear guide for guiding a slider of the contact bridge holder. In particular, the contact bridge holder 1120 shown in Fig. 25 may include a protrusion with reference numeral 1120_2 forming the slider, and a housing (not shown) of the switching device may include a receiving guide.

[0040] An eleventh aspect relates to a switching device according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, wherein the mechanical linkage includes at least one first contact bridge for connecting two power and load elements in parallel in a first position and a second contact bridge for connecting the two power and load elements in series in a second position. As described with respect to Figures 26 and 27, the contact bridges 1110_2, 1110_3 facilitate the parallel connection of the two power and load elements, and the contact bridge 1110_1 facilitates the series connection of the two power and load elements.

[0041] A twelfth aspect relates to a switching device according to any of the eighth to tenth and eleventh aspects, in which the first contact bridges 1110_2, 1110_3 and the second contact bridge 1110_1 are held by a contact bridge holder 1120, as shown in FIG.

[0042] A thirteenth aspect relates to a switching device according to aspects 11 or 12, wherein at least one contact bridge is formed from a single-sided coated metal bar. The coating may in particular comprise silver.

[0043] As used herein, single-sided coated metal bars or bands for electrical bridge contacts can be manufactured using different methods, particularly when the goal is to enhance the electrical conductivity of the coated surface while using an economical substrate such as aluminum. For example, roll coating or continuous line coating is an efficient method in which the bar or band passes through a system that applies a conductive coating only to the desired side. This is more economical than selective processes that select one side. This single-sided coating method offers many advantages for electrical bridge contacts, especially when the coated side is designed to enhance electrical conductivity. Using aluminum as the substrate allows for a lightweight, cost-effective solution, while the conductive coating applied to one side can improve the electrical performance of the component. This allows current to flow more efficiently through the coated surface, making it ideal for applications requiring a reliable electrical connection. Selective application of the conductive coating reduces material usage and manufacturing costs compared to fully coating both sides. The uncoated side retains its structural or non-conductive properties, providing design flexibility without changing the band's overall function. This configuration also facilitates improving the durability and lifespan of the metal band, especially in harsh conditions where the coated surface requires greater conductivity and protection. The result is a tailored solution that easily combines the benefits of aluminum's lightweight properties with a highly conductive surface, making it suitable for applications where both high performance and cost-effectiveness are desired.

[0044] A fourteenth aspect relates to a switching device according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects, further comprising a contact plate, wherein each of the plurality of contacts is formed by a spring element of the contact plate. Examples of such contact plates are shown in FIGS. 8 and 28. As shown in FIGS. 26, 27, and 28, the contact plate is preferably arranged on a stable contact device. This is particularly advantageous when the mechanical linkage includes a cam mechanism. Additionally or alternatively, the contact plate is arranged on a movable contact device, for example, when the mechanical linkage includes a lever mechanism. In particular, additionally or alternatively, the contact plate may be formed on the mating contact device. The spring element, due to its elastic properties, allows for a reliable and repeatable connection between the two contacts. In particular, the spring elements are moved by mechanical actuation of a switching device, in this case, a movable contact device. When the switching device is actuated, the movable contact device presses against each of the spring elements, compressing them into contact. The spring elements' elastic properties allow them to return to their original position after actuation. This ensures that contact is made only when the switching device is actuated and that contact is released again when actuation is stopped. As mentioned above, a normal contact force of, for example, 3 to 5 N per spring can act on a tensioned spring. In the open position, the contact spring does not contact the mating contact device. Each spring element exerts a certain force to maintain contact. The force must be strong enough to ensure a reliable electrical contact, but not too strong to avoid excessive wear or breakage of the contact area. In particular, the contact plate may include at least one end stop to prevent overextension of the spring element. To enhance electrical conductivity, the contact plate may be coated with a coating containing at least one of silver and tin.

[0045] A fifteenth aspect relates to a switching device according to any one of aspects 2, 3, and 14, wherein at least one of the terminals includes a contact plate. According to this solution, e.g., as shown in FIG. 29, a contact terminal 1110, which is part of a power distribution system connected to power and load elements, includes the contact plate. That is, the contact terminal 1110 can be considered a terminal of a bus bar. Heat is generated primarily in the contact plate 130. This heat is efficiently transferred by thermal conduction through the terminal 1110 to a bus bar (not shown). This bus bar (not shown) is connected to the exterior of the switching device, e.g., as shown in FIG. 22. This arrangement thus facilitates efficient transfer of heat generated in the device away from the device by using a bus bar of the power supply system to connect the contact plate 130 to the power distribution system, but not to the bridge of the switch.

[0046] A sixteenth aspect relates to a switching device according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects, wherein the transmission unit further includes a linear guide including a guide element and a slider, the slider being guided by the guide element to move the transmission unit between the open position and the closed position. Advantageously, the guide element has a limiting device for stopping the movement of the slider. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the guide element can be formed by the drive unit, in this case, the output shaft. Alternatively, according to an embodiment not shown, the guide element can be provided on the movable contact device. The linear guide allows for space-saving conversion of the rotational motion of the motor into linear motion.

[0047] A seventeenth aspect relates specifically to the switching device according to aspect 16, wherein the linear guide includes a threaded spindle as a guide element, and the slider moves axially along the threaded spindle. A threaded spindle is a type of spindle used to convert rotary motion into linear motion with high precision. Furthermore, the limiting device can be realized by a threaded spindle of a specified length. The self-locking of the spindle can contribute to the device's bistability. This is further supported by exceeding the dead center of the lever device, which is reached when all hinge rods are aligned. Therefore, the dead center can represent a further stable position where the normal force is maximum and the restoring force on the spindle is minimum. Finally, the applied force can be adjusted via the pitch of the spindle.

[0048] An eighteenth aspect relates specifically to the switching device according to the seventeenth aspect, in which the linear guide includes two threaded spindles and two sliders, both of which are arranged on the output shaft of the drive unit. In particular, the threaded spindles have different pitch directions to move the sliders in opposite axial directions. The two spindles distribute the power transmitted to the output shaft. The different pitch directions result in axially symmetric forces, which reduces material stress on the output shaft. In other words, the forces are balanced within the spindles, meaning that no bending moment or displacement force is transmitted to the bearings.

[0049] A nineteenth aspect relates to a switching device according to one of the first to eighteenth aspects, wherein the movable contact device includes a contact bridge having two contact fields for two-way contacting, in particular for interrupting, an electric circuit, each of the contact fields including at least one of the plurality of contacts. It is advantageous for each of the contact fields to have multiple contacts. In particular, two-way interruption improves the dielectric strength. The contact bridge allows two connecting portions to be attached to the mating contact device, making a particularly stable solution possible. In this case, arranging the connecting portions on the movable contact device is not necessarily required, but is possible.

[0050] A twentieth aspect relates to a switching device according to one of the first to nineteenth aspects, wherein the movable contact device comprises two opposing contact areas for two-way contact with, in particular for connecting, an electric circuit, each of the contact areas comprising at least one of the plurality of contacts. Advantageously, each of the contact areas comprises a plurality of contacts. The opposing contact fields allow for a symmetrical arrangement, which allows for a lever force to be transmitted to the drive unit, in particular to the output shaft, radially symmetrically.

[0051] A 21st aspect relates to a switching device according to one of the 1st to 20th aspects, wherein the lever mechanism further comprises an articulated rod. The rod is connected to the drive unit via a drive unit joint and to the movable contact device via a contact device joint. The rod is a rigid element forming a lever. The two joints are pivot points of the lever mechanism. An input force exerted on the lever to move it is applied to the drive unit joint. An output force is transmitted to the movable contact device at the movable contact device joint. A solution with joints is a particularly space-saving solution.

[0052] Here, attached means that the interface is attached to a second element, in this case, the movable contact device or the drive unit. In particular, the drive unit interface is attached to the drive unit via the slider and guide element of the transmission unit, in particular according to one of aspects 16 to 18. In other words, the drive unit interface is attached to the drive unit so as to be axially movable. Furthermore, the contact device interface is in particular fixedly arranged on the movable contact device. This allows a small input force to be applied to the slider over a large axial path length, and a large output force to be generated at the contact device interface over a small path length.

[0053] A 22nd aspect relates in particular to the switching device according to aspect 21, wherein the lever mechanism further comprises a second articulated rod, which is connected to the drive unit via a second drive unit joint and to the movable contact device via a second contact device joint. For a description of the second articulated rod, see the above description of the first articulated rod. The two rods allow for symmetrical, i.e., axially or radially symmetrical, force transmission to the drive unit, in particular to the output shaft, in particular for transmitting two opposing forces.

[0054] For example, the first and second drive unit joints are connected to the drive unit via the slider and guide element of the transmission unit, in particular according to aspect 16 or 17. This allows forces of opposite magnitude to be transmitted to the drive unit, in particular to the output shaft. Such an arrangement is similar to a knee joint, in which the lever arms are of equal length. This solution particularly facilitates the creation of a bistable switching device.

[0055] Alternatively, the first drive unit interface is connected to the drive unit via a first slider and the second drive unit interface is connected to the drive unit via a second slider, in particular the guide element of the transmission unit according to aspect 18 is connected to the drive unit, thereby allowing forces of opposite magnitude to be transmitted to the drive unit, in particular to the output shaft, in the axial direction.

[0056] Advantageously, the movable contact device has a contact bridge in particular according to aspect 19, the first contact device joint being connected to a first contact field of the movable contact device and the second contact device joint being connected to a second contact field, thereby making it possible to transmit two radial output forces to the movable contact device while compensating for axial forces acting on the drive unit.

[0057] Alternatively, the movable contact device may have two opposing contact areas, particularly according to aspect 20, with the first contact device interface connected to the first contact area of ​​the movable contact device and the second contact device interface connected to the second contact area, thereby enabling two radial output forces to be transmitted to the movable contact device while supporting the radial force acting on the drive unit.

[0058] A 23rd aspect relates particularly to the switching device according to aspect 22, wherein the lever mechanism further includes a third articulated rod, which is connected to the drive unit via a third drive unit joint and to the movable contact device via a third contact device joint. For a description of the third articulated rod, see the above descriptions of the first and second articulated rods. The three rods enable symmetrical force transmission to the drive unit, particularly to the output shaft. This means that forces can be transmitted axially and / or radially symmetrically.

[0059] A 24th aspect relates in particular to the switching device according to aspects 18, 19, 20, and 23, wherein the lever mechanism further comprises a fourth articulated rod, which is connected to the drive unit via a fourth drive unit joint and to the movable contact device via a fourth contact device joint. For a description of the fourth articulated rod, see the above descriptions of the first to third articulated rods. The four rods enable symmetrical force transmission to the drive unit in the axial and radial directions.

[0060] In the twenty-fourth aspect, the first drive unit joint and the second drive unit joint are connected to the drive unit via the first slider and the first threaded spindle, thereby balancing the radial force acting on the output shaft.

[0061] The third and fourth drive unit joints of the twenty-fourth embodiment are connected to the drive unit via the second slider and the second threaded spindle, thereby balancing the axial force acting on the output shaft.

[0062] The movable contact device of the 24th aspect has two opposing contact areas, in particular according to aspect 20, each of which forms a contact bridge, in particular according to aspect 19. Furthermore, the first contact device junction and the third contact device junction are connected to the first contact bridge, and the second contact device junction and the fourth contact device junction are connected to the second contact bridge. In particular, this solution can enhance the above-mentioned advantages.

[0063] A twenty-fifth aspect relates to a switching device according to one of the first to twenty-fourth aspects, wherein the mating contact device includes at least one arcuate clamp contact element having two opposing mating contact areas that are electrically connected in the open position for two-way connection of an electrical circuit. In particular, the mating contact device can have two arcuate clamp contact elements that are separated in the open position. An example of such a clamp contact element is shown in FIG. 9. In other words, the mating contact device includes a bridge portion and two legs arranged in a U-shape. A connection portion can be provided on the bridge portion for connecting the switching device to the electrical circuit to be switched. The legs face each other and can exert a reaction force on the movable contact device.

[0064] A twenty-sixth aspect relates to a switching system comprising at least one switching device according to any one of aspects 1 to 25 for mechanically switching a second electrical circuit between an open position in which the second movable contact device and the mating contact device are disconnected and a closed position in which the second movable contact device and the mating contact device are conductively connected. The switching system comprises a second transmission unit disposed between the drive unit and the second movable contact device to move the second movable contact device between the open position and the closed position. The second movable contact device has a second plurality of contacts for contacting the mating contact device, the second plurality of contacts reducing a current density at each of the second plurality of contacts, and the second transmission unit further comprises a second lever mechanism, the lever mechanism increasing a clamping force of each of the second plurality of contacts at the closed position. An example of such a device is shown in Figure 17. The second movable contact device allows the first and second electrical circuits to be connected in parallel or in series. In particular, two electrical circuits can be connected in parallel and one in series. Thus, this switching system can be used, for example, in a vehicle to allow a voltage of 400V for charging the battery and a voltage of 800V for driving the vehicle.

[0065] For a description of the second movable contact device, please refer to the above description of the first movable contact device. For a description of the second transmission unit, please refer to the above description of the first transmission unit. For a description of the second plurality of contacts, please refer to the above description of the first plurality of contacts. For a description of the second lever mechanism, please refer to the above description of the first lever mechanism.

[0066] In particular, the switching system may further include a second drive unit having a second motor and a second reducer, the second drive unit generating a clamping force for pressing the second movable contact device against the mating contact device in the closed position. Examples of such devices are shown in Figures 15 and 16. For a description of the second drive unit, please refer to the above description of the first drive unit.

[0067] The drawings have been described above by way of example only and will be described in more detail below to show further detailed aspects. A switch 10 according to a first variant will be described with particular reference to Figures 1 to 17. A switch 10' according to a second variant will be described with particular reference to Figures 18 to 29. Some of the components will be described only with respect to one of the switches 10, 10' but may be used in the other variant as well.

[0068] Figure 1 shows a bistable switching device according to a first variant for switching an electrical circuit (not shown), the switching device in an open position in which the movable contact arrangement 100 and the mating contact arrangement 200 are separated. Figure 2 shows the bistable switching device 10 in a closed position in which the movable contact arrangement 100 and the mating contact arrangement 200 are conductively connected.

[0069] Figures 18 and 19 similarly show a bistable switching device 10' according to a second variant for switching terminals of an electrical circuit (not shown), e.g., an electrical distribution system, with the switching device in a first position in which the movable contact arrangement and the mating contact arrangement switch the power and load elements connected to the electrical circuit so that they are connected in series. Figures 20 and 21 show the bistable switching device 10' according to the second variant in a second position in which the movable contact arrangement and the mating contact arrangement switch the power and load elements connected to the electrical circuit so that they are connected in parallel.

[0070] The switching device 10, 10′ comprises a drive unit 300, particularly shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 and, for example, in FIG. 23. The drive unit includes a motor 310. The drive unit generates a contact normal force to press the movable contact device 100, e.g., the bridges 110 and / or 1110, against the mating contact device 200, e.g., the clamp contact elements 210_a, 210_b or the terminals 1212, 1214, 1222, 1224, in the closed position of the parallel connection and / or the series connection. The motor 310 may be a DC motor having a rotor in a housing for driving a drive shaft 320 extending in an axial direction A.

[0071] The drive unit 300 may also include a reducer 330. The reducer 330 drives an output shaft 340 extending in the axial direction A, as can be clearly seen in, for example, Figures 1 and 23. As particularly shown in Figures 5 and 23, the drive unit 300 includes the reducer 330 with a gear transmission, which is arranged between the drive shaft 320 of the motor 310 and the output shaft 340 of the drive unit 300. Here, the gear transmission includes a first gear 332 and a second gear 334. In particular, the output shaft 340 and the rotor of the motor are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0072] The drive unit 300 may further include a printed circuit board 350, shown in FIGS. 4 and 23, having a circuit for driving the motor 310. As shown in FIG. 3, the bottom housing part 22 of the switching device 100 may provide a receptacle for holding the drive unit 300. Similarly, the switching device according to the second variant of FIGS. 18 to 24 may include a bottom housing part (not shown). Thus, the circuit board 350 may be arranged at one axial end of the motor 310. At the opposite axial end of the motor 310, a reducer guide 24 (not shown in FIGS. 18 to 24) may be provided to hold the reducer 330. This arrangement allows the gear 334 to be mounted in the bottom housing part 22 in a particularly stable and space-saving manner.

[0073] The switching device 10, 10' further comprises a transmission unit. A transmission unit 400 according to a first variant is shown in particular in Figures 6 to 8. A transmission unit 1400 according to a second variant is shown in particular in Figures 23 to 27. The transmission unit 400 and / or 1400, which is arranged between the drive unit 300 and the movable contact device 100, 1100, enables the movable contact device 100, 1100 to be moved between a first position and a second position.

[0074] The transmission unit further includes a mechanical linkage, for example a cam mechanism or a lever mechanism, which increases the normal contact force of each of the plurality of contacts in the closed position.

[0075] A first variant of the mechanical linkage is particularly shown in FIG. 1 . The mechanical linkage includes a lever mechanism. The lever mechanism includes four articulated rods 410_1 to 410_4, four drive unit joints 420_1 to 420_4, and four contact device joints 430_1 to 430_4. Each of the rods 410 is connected to a drive unit 300, in this case, an output shaft 340, via a drive unit joint 420, and to a movable contact device 100 via a contact device joint 430. For simplicity, the first variant of the mechanical linkage will be described in relation to a first switching device, and the second variant of the mechanical linkage will be described in relation to a second switching device. Although not shown, the first variant of the mechanical linkage can be implemented in a second switching device, and the second variant of the mechanical linkage can be implemented in a first switching device.

[0076] Furthermore, the transmission unit 400 of the first variant has a linear guide 440 having a guide element 442 and two sliders 444_1, 444_2, which are guided by the guide element 442 to move the transmission unit 400 between the open position and the closed position.

[0077] 1, a linear guide 440 has two threaded spindles 443_1 and 443_2 as guide elements 442, and causes sliders 444_1 and 444_2 to move along the threaded spindles 443_1 and 443_2 in an axial direction A. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the threaded spindles can have different pitch directions to cause the sliders 444_1 and 444_2 to move in opposite directions in the axial direction A.

[0078] 1, the first drive unit joint 420_1 and the second drive unit joint 420_1 are connected to the drive unit 300 via a first slider 444_1 and a first screw spindle 443_1. Furthermore, the third drive unit joint 420_3 and the fourth drive unit joint 420_4 are connected to the drive unit 300 via a second slider 444_2 and a second screw spindle 443_2.

[0079] 23, a second variant of the mechanical linkage includes a cam mechanism. The cam mechanism includes a camshaft 1410, a cam 1420, a drive wheel 1430, and a cam follower 1122 formed on the contact bridge holder 1120. Furthermore, the contact bridge holder 1120 includes a slider 1120_2 for being guided in a linear guide formed in, for example, a housing part of the switching device.

[0080] More specifically, a drive wheel 1430 is attached to the camshaft 1410. The drive wheel 1430 is rotated by an output shaft 340 of the drive unit 300. In particular, as shown in FIG. 24, the output shaft 340 forms a first gear and the drive wheel 1430 forms a second gear, thus both forming a torque multiplying gear transmission.

[0081] Furthermore, two cams 1420 are attached to the cam shaft 1410 to facilitate even load distribution. As shown in FIG. 24, each cam 1420 is received by a cam follower 1122. As shown in FIG. 25 in particular, each of the cam followers 1122 is formed as a recess in the contact bridge holder 1120. Furthermore, to guide the reciprocating motion of the contact bridge holder 1120, a slider 1120_2 is formed on the contact bridge holder 1120, and the slider is guided by a linear guide (not shown) of the switching device. The movable contact device 100, 1100 has multiple contacts for contacting the mating contact device 200, and the multiple contacts reduce the current density at each of the contacts.

[0082] A first variant of the movable contact device 100 is particularly shown in Figure 6. This movable contact device 100 has two contact bridges 110_1, 110_2, each of which has two contact fields 120_1a, 120_1b, 120_2a, 120_2b, each of which has at least one contact of the plurality of contacts.

[0083] As further shown in FIG. 6, the pair of contact fields 120_1a, 120_2a and the pair of contact fields 120_1b, 120_2b respectively form two opposite contact areas for making two-way contact to an electric circuit, in particular for connecting the electric circuit.

[0084] A second variant of the movable contact device 1100 is particularly shown in Figures 25 to 28. This movable contact device 100 comprises a first contact bridge 1110_1 and two second contact bridges 1110_2, 1110_3, each of which comprises two contact fields, each of which comprises a number of contact points when in contact with the stable contact device.

[0085] According to a first variant of the movable contact device 100, each of the contact fields 120_1a, 120_1b, 120_2a, 120_2b has a plurality of contact points. In particular, each of the contact fields 120_1a, 120_1b, 120_2a, 120_2b can be provided with a contact plate 130.

[0086] According to a second variant of the movable contact device 1100, each of the contact fields of the stable contact device comprises a plurality of contacts. In particular, each of the contact fields can be provided with a contact plate 130.

[0087] Figure 8 shows a contact bridge 110 having two contact plates 130. Figures 26, 27, and 29 show terminals 1110 of a stable contact arrangement having contact plates 130. For example, two contact plates 130 are arranged on each of terminals 1214, 1222, and one contact plate is arranged on each of terminals 1212, 1224. Figure 29 shows the arrangement of contact plates 130 on terminal 1110 in detail.

[0088] 8 and 28, the contact plate 130 has a plurality of contact points greater than ten formed by the spring elements 132_1, 132_2 of the contact plate 130. For example, the contact plate 130 may be formed as a stamped and formed part. Furthermore, the contact plate 130 may include end stops 134_1, 134_2 to prevent overextension of the spring elements 132_1, 132_2. In particular, the end stops are provided at the corners of the contact plate.

[0089] According to a first variant, as shown in particular in Figures 1 and 7, the first contact device junction 430_1 and the third contact device junction 430_3 are connected to the first contact bridge 110_1, and the second contact device junction 430_2 and the fourth contact device junction 430_4 are connected to the second contact bridge 110_2. This symmetrical arrangement of two bridges moving in opposite directions between the open and closed positions facilitates symmetrical load distribution and doubling of contacts.

[0090] Alternatively, it is possible to move only one of the contact bridges to connect the two terminals, as described in the second variant.

[0091] A mating contact device according to a first variant is particularly shown in FIGS. 9-11. The mating contact device 200 can include two arcuate clamp contact elements 210_a, 210_b. Each of the clamp contact elements 210_a, 210_b includes two opposing mating contact areas 220_1a, 220_2a and 220_1b, 220_2b, which are electrically connected in the open position for two-way connection of an electrical circuit. Furthermore, each of the clamp contact elements 210_a, 210_b includes a terminal 230_a, 230_b. This arrangement therefore makes it possible to interrupt an electrical circuit. The arcuate clamp contacts are selected with two bridges that move in opposite directions between the open and closed positions. Alternatively, as shown in the second variant, when the contact bridges are moved in only one direction, the terminals can be provided as unbent bus bars. Bending the bus bars compromises cost and tolerance considerations. Therefore, the second variant, which does not require bending the contacts, facilitates increased precision and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0092] A contact element guide element 240 according to a first variant is shown in Figure 10. This guide element 240 is mounted to receive a portion of the output shaft 340 of the drive unit 300 and guides the movable contact element 100 in linear motion. The perpendicular arrangement of the drive unit 300 with respect to the rotation axis and the mating contact device 200 allows the movable contact device 100 to be positioned parallel to the mating contact device 200.

[0093] A slider 1122 according to a second variant is shown in Figure 25. This slider 1122 is formed on the contact bridge holder 1100 and is received by a linear guide (not shown) of the switching device, guiding the movable contact element 1100 in a linear movement.

[0094] A switching device according to a first variant comprising a counter contact device 200 and a movable contact device 100 is shown in Figure 11. In particular, the switching device can have a cover housing part 30 in addition to the bottom housing part 22, as shown in Figure 14. In particular in the assembled state shown in Figure 12, the cover housing part 30 together with the bottom housing part protects the electrical and movable parts of the switching device from external influences.

[0095] Although not shown, the switching device according to the second variant may comprise a housing part similar to that shown for the first variant. Figure 13 shows further details of the switching device according to the first variant, in particular the arrangement of the separating element 240 which is partly received in a recess of the movable contact device for guiding the latter.

[0096] 15 to 17 show a switching system according to a first variant, which includes at least a portion of the switching device 10 according to the first variant described above. In particular, the switching system allows mechanical switching of a second electric circuit between an open position and a closed position. Here, the switching system has four terminals 232_a, 232_b, 232_c, and 232_d. The terminals 232_a and 232_b can be connected by a first movable contact device 100. In contrast to the above-described mating contact device 200, the opposing mating contact areas are not connected here. The terminals 232_a and 232_c can be connected by a second movable contact device 100' via an additional connecting conductor 250. Similar to the switching device 10 of the first variant described above, the switching system of the first variant includes a movable contact device 100. Furthermore, the switching system of the first variant includes a second movable contact device 100′. For descriptions of the first movable contact device 100 and the second movable contact device 100′, please refer to the above description. In particular, as shown in FIG. 17 , the switching system includes a second transmission unit disposed between the drive unit and the second movable contact device to move the second movable contact device between an open position and a closed position. Similar to the first movable contact device, the second movable contact device includes a second plurality of contacts for contacting a mating contact device, and the second plurality of contacts reduces the current density at each of the second plurality of contacts. Similar to the first transmission unit, the second transmission unit includes a lever mechanism, and the lever mechanism of the second transmission unit increases the clamping force of each of the second plurality of contacts in the closed position.

[0097] In the solution of Figures 15 to 17, the switching system according to the first variant further comprises a second drive unit having a second motor and preferably a second reducer, the second drive unit generating a clamping force for pressing the second movable contact device against the mating contact device in the closed position.

[0098] Alternatively, the switching device according to the second variant switches between a first position and a second position. In particular, the movable contact device 1100 moves multiple contact bridges in the same direction, and the multiple contact bridges are spaced apart in the movement direction. This facilitates positioning at least one of the terminals between at least two contact bridges, as shown in Figures 26 and 27. This facilitates contacting a terminal with a first surface of one of the bridges in the first position, and contacting the same at least one terminal with a second surface of another of the bridges in the second position.

[0099] Compared to the switching system according to the first variant, the number of busbars is reduced from five to four terminals, and the number of bridges is reduced from four to three. Furthermore, the need for bending the busbars is overcome by arranging at least one of the terminals between two movable contact bridges, i.e., by providing at least one of the terminals with two opposing contact areas 1214_1, 1214_2. Furthermore, the number of contact plates is reduced from eight to six, and the number of motors is reduced from two to one. Finally, the resistance of the series path is only half that of the system according to the first variant. This resistance is lower than when using three separate contactors.

[0100] Although not explicitly described above, the drive unit 300 may have a limiting device for stopping the rotor. In particular, the limiting device may include a position element for limiting the movement of the transmission unit. For example, this may be formed by the reducer guide 24. Additionally or alternatively, the limiting device may be formed by a circuit on the circuit board 350, for example, by reducing the power supply of the motor based on the power consumed by the motor. Additionally or alternatively, the guide element 442 or the slider 1120_2 or the corresponding linear guide may include a limiting device for stopping the movement of the guide element 442 or the slider. For example, the limiting device may be provided on and / or formed by the ends of the threaded spindles 443_1, 443_2.

[0101] With reference to the drawings, it will be understood that a lever mechanism having four articulated rods is shown, alternatively, only a single articulated rod may be provided, or a lever mechanism having a rotatably mounted lever may transmit leverage.

[0102] With reference to the drawings, it should be understood that a movable contact device having four contact areas is shown, however, a movable contact device including only a single contact area with multiple contacts can also implement a switching device. [Explanation of symbols]

[0103] 10, 10' Switching Device 22 Bottom housing part 24 Reducer guide 30 Cover storage section 100 Movable contact device 110, 110_1, 110_2 Contact Bridge 120_1a, 120_1b, 120_2a, 120_2b contact area 130 Contact Plate 132_1, 132_2 spring elements 134_1, 134_2 endstop 200 Counterpart contact device 210_a, 210_b clamp contact elements 220_1a, 220_2a, 220_1b, 220_2b Mating contact area 230_a, 230_b terminals 232_a, 232_b, 232_c, 232_d terminals 240 Contact element guide element 250 connecting conductor 300 drive unit 310 Motor 320 drive shaft 330 Reducer 332, 334 Gears 340 output shaft 350 Circuit Board 400, 1400 transmission unit 410, 410_1~410_4 joint rod 420, 420_1~420_4 Drive unit joint 430, 430_1~430_4 Contact device joint 440 Linear Guide 442 Guide Elements 443_1, 443_2 Threaded spindle 444_1, 444_2 sliders A Axial direction r radial direction 1110_1~1110_3 Contact Bridge 1120 Contact Bridge Holder 1122 Cam follower 1212, 1214, 1222, 1224 contact terminals 1410 Camshaft 1420 Cam 1430 Drive Wheel

Claims

1. A bistable switching device (10, 10') for switching an electric circuit between a first position in which a movable contact device (100, 1100) and a mating contact device (200, 1200) are in a first stable state and a second position in which the movable contact device (100, 1100) and the mating contact device (200, 1212, 1214, 1222, 1224) are in a second stable state, the switching device (10) comprising: a drive unit (300) having a motor (310), the drive unit (300) generating a contact normal force to press the movable contact device (100, 1100) against the mating contact device (200, 1212, 1214, 1222, 1224) in at least one of the first position and the second position; a transmission unit (400, 1400) arranged between the drive unit (300) and the movable contact device (100, 1100), for moving the movable contact device (100, 1100) between the first position and the second position; Equipped with The movable contact device (100, 1100) includes a plurality of contacts (132_1, 132_2), the plurality of contacts (132_1, 132_2) reducing a current density at each of the contacts (132_1, 132_2); The transmission unit (400) further includes a mechanical linkage (410, 420, 430, 1410, 1420, 1430), which increases the contact normal force relative to the sum of the contacts of the plurality of contacts (132_1, 132_2) in at least one of the first position and the second position.

2. the stable contact device includes a first pair of contact terminals (1212, 1222) of a first power and load element and a second pair of contact terminals (1214, 1224) of a second power and load element; The mechanical linkages (1410, 1420, 1430) connecting the two power and load elements in parallel at the first position; The switching device (10') of claim 1, wherein the second position connects the two power and load elements in series.

3. The stable contact device includes a plurality of terminals (1212, 1214, 1222, 1224); At least one of the terminals (1212, 1214, 1222, 1224) includes a first contact area (1214_1) for contacting the movable contact device in the first position; 3. The switching device (10') of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one terminal (1214) includes a second contact area (1214_1) opposite the first contact area (1214_2) for contacting the movable contact device in the second position.

4. The motor (310), in particular a DC motor, has a rotor for driving a drive shaft (320) extending in an axial direction (A), The drive unit (300) includes a reducer (330) and an output shaft (340) extending in the axial direction (A), the output shaft (340) is driven by the reducer (330), and the output shaft (340) and the rotor of the motor (310) are arranged adjacent to each other; Optionally, the drive unit (300) has a limiting device for stopping the rotor, in particular the limiting device including a position element for limiting the movement of the transmission unit, and / or the limiting device reduces the supply power of the motor (310) based on the power absorbed by the motor (310).

5. The switching device (10, 10') according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the drive unit (300) includes a reducer (330) having a gear transmission (332, 334), the gear transmission (332, 334) being arranged between a drive shaft (320) of the motor (310) and an output shaft (340) of the drive unit (300).

6. The mechanical linkages (1410, 1420, 1430) 6. A switching device (10') as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a cam mechanism including a camshaft (1410) for being rotated by an output shaft (340) of the drive unit (300), and a cam (1420) for converting the rotational motion of the camshaft (1410) into a reciprocating motion of the movable contact device between the first position and the second position.

7. the cam mechanism includes a drive wheel (1430) rotated by the drive unit (300), the drive wheel (1430) and the cam (1420) forming a reducer for increasing the contact normal force; Optionally, the cam mechanism further includes a gear transmission, the gear transmission being disposed between the output shaft of the drive unit and the drive wheel of the cam mechanism.

8. The mechanical linkages (1410, 1420, 1430) A switching device (10') according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a contact bridge holder (1120) for moving at least one contact bridge (1110_1, 1110_2, 1110_3) between the first position and the second position.

9. 9. A switching device (10') according to claim 6 or 7 and claim 8, wherein the contact bridge holder (1120) comprises at least one cam follower (1122) for following the reciprocating movement of at least one of the cams (1420).

10. 10. The switching device (10') according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the switching device comprises a linear guide for guiding a slider (1120_2) of the contact bridge holder (1120).

11. The mechanical linkage comprises: at least one first contact bridge (1110_2, 1110_3) for connecting two power and load elements in parallel in said first position; a second contact bridge (1110_1) for connecting the two power and load elements in series at the second position; A switching device (10') according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising:

12. 12. The switching device (10') according to any one of claims 8 to 10 and claim 11, wherein the first contact bridge (1110_1, 1110_2) and the second contact bridge (1110_3) are held by the contact bridge holder (1120).

13. 13. The switching device (10') according to claim 11 or 12, wherein at least one contact bridge (1110_1, 1110_2, 1110_3) is formed from a single-sided coated metal bar.

14. a contact plate (130), each of the contacts of the plurality of contacts (132) being formed by a spring element (132) of the contact plate (130); 14. The switching device (10, 10') according to any one of claims 1 to 13, in particular, wherein the contact plate (130) comprises at least one end stop (134) for preventing over-extension of the spring element (132).

15. The switching device (10') of claim 2 or 3 and claim 14, wherein at least one of the terminals (1110) includes the contact plate (130).

Images