Structural and load-bearing wall unit

Abstract

To provide a reusable unit capable of reducing a construction period and a construction cost and easily securing quality.SOLUTION: A unit capable of being incorporated into a structure, comprising: a wooden column having a first side surface portion and a second side surface portion orthogonal to the first side surface portion; a wooden first horizontal member having an end portion connected to the first side surface portion and a third side surface portion parallel to the second side surface portion; a plate-shaped member fixed to the second side surface portion and the third side surface portion and formed in a plate shape; and a first member fixed to the column and capable of connecting the column and the horizontal member of the structure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a structural and load-bearing wall unit. [Background technology]

[0002] As a conventional technique, a technique for unitizing the walls of wooden structures has been developed (Patent Document 1), but the frame is separate from the structural body and is not reusable. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-144577 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the prior art, when incorporating unitized walls into a structure, special construction methods had to be considered, and the effect of reducing construction time or costs was not significant. Also, since the wall units were designed to withstand horizontal forces during an earthquake, and the bearing walls were constructed by assembling frames separate from the main structure, there was no mention of vertical strength. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, one aspect of the present invention provides a unit in which part of a main structure is made into a unit capable of withstanding horizontal loads, the unit comprising: a wooden pillar having a first side portion and a second side portion perpendicular to the first side portion; a first wooden cross member having an end connected to the first side portion and a third side portion parallel to the second side portion; a plate-like member fixed to the second side portion and the third side portion and formed into a plate; and a first member fixed to the pillar and capable of connecting the pillar to the cross member of the structure. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] According to the present invention, a structural and load-bearing wall unit can be provided that can withstand not only horizontal forces during an earthquake but also vertical forces that support the load of the upper floors as part of the main frame, thereby reducing construction time and costs, and ensuring high quality by being manufactured in a factory. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] 1A is a front view of a unit according to an embodiment, and FIG. 1B is a diagram showing the structure of the unit before a plate portion is attached. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is an elevation view showing the structure of a framework and foundation of a building according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the connection between the foundation of the building and the metal joint of the unit according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the connection between the foundation of the building and the cross member of the unit in the embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a connection between a column of a building and a column of a unit in an embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a connection between a column and a cross member in the embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is an elevation view of the building before the units are installed. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a building in the process of installing units. [Figure 9] This is an elevation view of a building during the process of connecting and fixing the cross members to the units. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is an elevation view of a modified building. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a front view of a unit according to a modified example. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is an elevation view of a modified building. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is an elevation view of a modified building. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The unit 1 according to the embodiment and a construction method using the same will be described below with reference to the drawings. Specific examples of structures include buildings, as well as other constructions and civil engineering structures.

[0009] As shown in Fig. 1, the unit 1 in this embodiment includes a cross member 11, two columns 12, a cross member 13, an intermediate member 14, metal joints 15, 16, 17, and 18, and a plate portion 19. In the unit 1, connecting members 9 are used to connect the metal joints 15, 16, 17, and 18 to each member (Fig. 3, etc.).

[0010] The cross member 11 is a horizontally extending member that forms the lower part of the unit 1 and is made of wooden square timber. Metal joints 15 and 16 are attached to both ends of the cross member 11. The function of the cross member 11 varies depending on where the unit 1 is installed in the structure. As a specific example, the cross member 11 functions as a girder, a cross beam, a beam, a foundation, etc. The figure shows the case of a foundation, and a notch 11A is formed at the end of the cross member 11 to correspond to the shape of the metal joint 16, and the metal joint 16 is inserted into it.

[0011] The unit 1 functions against horizontal and vertical forces when incorporated into the building 100, as shown in Fig. 2. In the following explanation, the up / down and left / right (lateral and horizontal) directions of the unit 1 will be defined based on the state in which the unit 1 is incorporated into the building 100, as shown in Fig. 2. For convenience, the direction perpendicular to both the columns 12 and the cross members 13 will be explained as the front / rear direction.

[0012] The pillars 12 are vertically extending pillars arranged above the cross member 11, with one pillar placed on the top surface of each end of the cross member 11. The pillars 12 are made of wooden square timber, and metal joints 17 are attached to the upper ends of the pillars 12. The lower ends of the pillars 12 are fixed to the cross member 11 via metal joints 15.

[0013] The pillar 12 has a side portion 12A facing the plate portion 19 and two side portions 12B perpendicular to the side portion 12A. One of the side portions 12B faces the end of the cross member 13 and is connected via a metal joint 18.

[0014] The cross members 13 are members that extend laterally or horizontally between the pillars 12 and are made of wooden square timbers. Both ends of the cross member 13 face and contact the side portions 12B, and are further fixed to the side portions 12B via metal joints 18. The cross member 13 has a side portion 13A that faces the plate portion 19, and the side portion 13A is flush with the side portion 12A.

[0015] Intermediate member 14 is a member located between two pillars 12 and is made of a wooden block. In this embodiment, intermediate member 14 is a partition arranged to extend vertically between cross member 11 and cross member 13. The upper end of intermediate member 14 is fixed to cross member 13 by a metal joint 17, and the lower end of intermediate member 14 is fixed to cross member 11 by a metal joint 17. Intermediate member 14 has a side portion 14A facing plate portion 19, and side portion 14A is flush with side portions 12A and 13A.

[0016] The intermediate member 14 may be disposed in any direction, for example, it may be disposed so as to extend in the horizontal direction. In this case, the intermediate member 14 functions as a window sill, and an example of this will be described later.

[0017] As shown in Figure 3, the connecting metal fitting 15 is a metal column base fitting that secures the lower part of the column 12 to the cross member 11. The connecting metal fitting 15 extends vertically and is positioned so as to penetrate the lower end of the column 12 and the cross member 11 vertically. The connecting metal fitting 15 is an integrated metal fitting and has a cylindrical upper part 151 and a cylindrical lower part 152 with a larger diameter than the upper part 151. The column 12 is secured by the connecting metal fitting 15 and the connector 9.

[0018] The upper part 151 has through holes 151A formed in multiple locations that penetrate the upper part 151 in the front-to-back or left-to-right direction. The connectors 9 are all installed so as to penetrate the pillars 12 and the through holes 151A, thereby fixing the upper part 151 to the lower part of the pillars 12. The connectors 9 are rod-shaped metal members, and more specifically, are bolts, drift pins, or the like.

[0019] The lower end of the lower part 152 is made of a horizontal plate-like member, and has a circular opening 152A when viewed from above. The lower part 152 is fixed to a foundation 101 (described below) with anchor bolts 109 before the unit is installed.

[0020] As shown in Figure 4, the metal joints 16 are metal base joints formed by bending a flat plate into a U-shape, and one is attached to each end of the cross member 11. The metal joints 16 have a symmetrical shape, and one part of them is fixed to the cross member 11.

[0021] The connecting metal fittings 16 are formed with through holes 16A that penetrate the connecting metal fittings 16 from front to back. The connecting metal fittings 16 also have end portions 161 that are bent and formed into a hook shape. A connector 9 that penetrates the cross member 11 from front to back is inserted into the through holes 16A of the connecting metal fittings 16. Furthermore, because the connector 9 that penetrates the cross member 11 from front to back is hooked onto the hook-shaped end portions 161, movement of the connecting metal fittings 16 to the left and right is restricted. In this way, the connecting metal fittings 16 are fixed to the cross member 11.

[0022] The joint metal 17 is a metal column joint formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, as shown in Fig. 5. The joint metal 17 has a plurality of through holes formed in it that penetrate the joint metal 17 in the radial direction.

[0023] In the connecting metal fittings 17 installed below the intermediate member 14, a connector 9 is fixed so as to penetrate the intermediate member 14 and the connecting metal fittings 17, and another connector 9 is fixed so as to penetrate the cross member 13 and the connecting metal fittings 17. In this way, the intermediate member 14 is fixed to the cross member 13 via the connecting metal fittings 17. If the connecting metal fittings 17 are not used, the intermediate member 14 is fixed and connected to other members by connecting metal fittings such as L-shaped metal fittings, nails, screws, etc. (not shown).

[0024] As shown in Fig. 6, the metal joints 18 are beam joints made of metal and formed by bending a flat plate into a U-shape. Two metal joints 18 are attached to one column 12: one metal joint 18 arranged to protrude outward from the unit 1, and another metal joint 18 fixed to the cross member 13. One metal joint 18 is fixed to each of the left and right side surface portions 12B at the top of the column 12.

[0025] The metal joint 18 has an attachment portion 181 fixed to the pillar 12 and a protrusion 182 extending in the left-right direction from the attachment portion 181.

[0026] The mounting portion 181 is a flat plate-like portion attached to the side surface portion 12B of the pillar 12. The mounting portion 181 has through holes formed in multiple locations, and connectors 9 fixed to the pillar 12 are inserted into these through holes. In this way, the mounting portion 181 is fixed to the pillar 12 by the connectors 9.

[0027] The protrusions 182 are flat plate-shaped portions formed so as to extend laterally from the ends of the attachment portion 181. The protrusions 182 extend laterally from the front end and rear end of the attachment portion 181, one each.

[0028] Through holes 182A are formed in multiple locations on the protrusion 182. At the connection portion with the cross member 13, connectors 9 that penetrate the cross member 13 from front to back are inserted into the through holes 182A. In this way, the cross member 13 is fixed to the column 12 via the connecting metal fittings 18.

[0029] In the cross member 13, a cutout portion 13B is formed to correspond to the shape of the protrusion 182 at the interface with the connecting metal fitting 18, and is processed to enable connection of the connecting metal fitting 18. The cross member 13 and the connecting metal fitting 18 are joined by inserting the protrusion 182 into the cutout portion 13B and passing the connector 9 through the through hole 182A.

[0030] The board portion 19 is a plate-like member, specifically made of structural plywood, OSB, MDF, CLT (Cross Laminated Timber), or the like. The board portion 19 functions as a load-bearing element that resists horizontal forces acting on the unit 1. The board portion 19 is fixed at multiple points to the cross members 11, 13, intermediate members 14, and columns 12 with nails and screws. In each drawing, cross shapes are used to indicate the locations where nails and screws are to be driven.

[0031] The plate portion 19 may be made of a single member or may be made of a plurality of members arranged side by side. In the case of a plurality of members, the allocation of the members is appropriately set according to the design conditions.

[0032] <Process> As an example of the manufacturing and construction process of unit 1, the construction process of building 100, which is a type of structure, will be described below. Building 100 is a wooden building, and as shown in Figures 7 and 9, it includes foundation 101, columns 102, sills 111 which are horizontal members placed on foundation 101, horizontal members 103 placed between columns 102, braces 104, and gasket 105 (Figure 4) placed on the top surface of foundation 101, all of which are constructed and assembled on site. Note that Figure 7 shows the state before unit 1 is assembled, and Figure 9 shows the state after assembly.

[0033] Anchor bolts 109 are embedded in the foundation 101 at the top and bottom in positions corresponding to the pillars 12. The upper ends of the anchor bolts 109 are externally threaded and protrude from the top surface of the foundation 101.

[0034] (Process 1) The units 1 may be fabricated at the construction site of the building 100, but can also be fabricated in a factory, as factory fabrication makes quality control easier and achieves higher quality. Workers assemble the cross members 11, columns 12, cross members 13, and intermediate members 14 by laying them flat on a flat work surface, and then fix each member to each other using connecting metal fittings 15-18 and connectors 9.

[0035] Furthermore, metal joints 16 are fixed to both the left and right ends of the cross member 11 with connectors 9, and at the top, at the side surface portion 12B where the cross member 103 is joined, metal joints 18 are fixed with connectors 9. Metal joints 17 are fixed with connectors 9 to the upper end of the column 12.

[0036] The worker then places the plate portion 19 on the cross members 11, columns 12, cross members 13, and intermediate members 14, and drives nails or screws into them. This fixes the plate portion 19 to the cross members 11, columns 12, cross members 13, and intermediate members 14. In this way, the unit 1 is fabricated as shown in FIG. 1.

[0037] (Process 2) Once the surrounding framework has been constructed as shown in Figure 7, the manufactured unit 1 is transported to the construction site of the building 100 using a truck or crane, and placed on the foundation 101 and gasket 105.

[0038] After the unit 1 is placed on the foundation 101 with the packing 105 sandwiched between them, the unit 1 is fixed to the foundation 101. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 7, the connecting metal 15 is first bolted to the anchor bolt 109. At this time, the anchor bolt 109 is passed through the opening 152A of the connecting metal 15, and the connecting metal 15 is fixed to the foundation 101 by tightening the nut.

[0039] (Step 3) Next, as shown in Fig. 8, the unit 1 excluding the metal joint 15 is dropped from above and fixed to the metal joint 15. In detail, the upper part 151 of the metal joint 15 is embedded into the lower end of the column 12, and then the connector 9 is passed through the through hole 151A of the upper part 151 and tightened (Fig. 3), thereby fixing the column 12 and the metal joint 15. By this process, the unit 1 is fixed to the foundation 101.

[0040] (Step 4) After the unit 1 is fixed to the foundation 101, the connecting metal 16 and the base 111 are joined using the connecting tool 9. Furthermore, the connecting metal 18 and the cross member 103 are joined using the connecting tool 9. Through these operations, the cross member 103 and the unit 1, and the base 111 and the unit 1 are joined and fixed, respectively (Fig. 9).

[0041] At the joint of the cross member 103 with the metal joint 18, a notch similar to the notch 13B is formed in advance, and a joint is processed so that the metal joint 18 can be connected (Fig. 6). At the joint of the base 111 with the metal joint 16, a notch similar to the notch 11A is formed in advance, and a joint is processed so that the metal joint 16 can be connected (Fig. 4).

[0042] In this operation, the cross member 103 and the metal joint 18 are joined by fastening the connector 9 to the cross member 103 so that it penetrates the cross member 103 and then passes through the through hole 182A as shown in Fig. 6. In addition, the base 111 and the metal joint 16 are joined by fastening the connector 9 to the base 111 so that it penetrates the base 111 and then passes through the through hole 16A as shown in Fig. 4.

[0043] (Step 5) Furthermore, column 102 is joined and fixed above column 12 (Fig. 2). At this time, a connecting metal fitting 17 is inserted into the lower end of column 102. By attaching a connector 9 so that it passes through the through-hole of the connecting metal fitting 17 and penetrates column 102, column 102 and column 12 are joined together.

[0044] <Modification> The unit 1 can also be manufactured with the cross member 11 removed. By manufacturing the unit 1 with the cross member 11 removed and connecting the unit 1 to the existing cross member 13 and column 12, or to the cross member 103 and column 102 as shown in Figure 10, it is possible to construct walls even on floors that have floors higher than the top surface of the foundation.

[0045] In the above embodiment, the intermediate member 14 was a stud, but as shown in Fig. 11, in a modified unit 10, the intermediate member 14 can also be arranged as a member extending in the horizontal direction. In Fig. 11, the intermediate member 14 is bridged between two pillars 12 so as to extend in the left-right direction. Also, as shown in Fig. 13, an opening 10A can be formed between the intermediate members 14.

[0046] As shown in FIG. 12, unit 10 can also be manufactured with cross members 11 removed, just like unit 1, and walls can be constructed on floors with floors higher than the top surface of the foundation.

[0047] A metal joint 18 may be further fixed to the side surface of the column 12 opposite to the side surface 12A. In this case, a girder or beam extending in the front-to-rear direction can be joined to the column 12 via the metal joint 18.

[0048] The cross-sectional shape of each member constituting the units 1, 10, such as the cross members 11, 13 and the column 12, is not limited to a rectangular shape and can be various other shapes.

[0049] The units 1 and 10 are not limited to application as exterior walls, but can also be applied to various types of walls such as interior walls, etc. There is no limitation on the installation direction of the units 1 and 10, and they can be applied to either the girder or beam direction.

[0050] <Effects> In the above embodiment, the following aspects are disclosed.

[0051] (Mode 1) The units 1 and 10 are units that can be incorporated into a structure such as a building 100, and each include a pillar 12, a cross member 13 (corresponding to a first cross member), a plate 19 (corresponding to a plate-like member), and a metal joint 18 (corresponding to a first member). The wooden pillar 12 has a side portion 12B (corresponding to a first side portion) and a side portion 12A (corresponding to a second side portion) that is perpendicular to the side portion 12B. The cross member 13 has an end connected to the side portion 12B and a side portion 13A that is parallel to the side portion 12A. The plate portion 19 is a plate-shaped member that is fixed to the side portion 12A and the side portion 13A. The metal joint 18 is fixed to the pillar 12 and can connect the pillar 12 to a cross member 103 of the building 100.

[0052] In the above configuration, instead of a so-called beam-first structure in which cross members are joined together, a so-called column-first structure is used in which the cross member 103 and the column 12 are connected via metal joints 18. By adopting such a structure, the structure of the parts connecting the units 1, 10 to the surrounding structure is simplified, and the connection work is also simplified. Specifically, since the cross member 13, column 102, and cross member 103 are connected via metal joints to the end and side of the column 12, respectively, it is possible to connect additional beams or girders extending in the front-to-rear direction (perpendicular to the cross member 13) to the column 12, thereby enabling a highly flexible and inexpensive design of structural and shear wall units.

[0053] For comparison, let us consider the case where a so-called beam-first structure is adopted, in which the cross member 13 is placed on the column 12. In this case, the connection between the column 12, the cross member 13, and the column 102 must be made in one place, which makes the design of the connections complicated. Also, since the cross member 103 is connected to the end of the cross member 13, there is a risk that the specifications of the connecting hardware and the dimensions of the cross member 103 (beam depth, etc.) may be limited. In this way, it can be said that the beam-first structure offers little design freedom.

[0054] In addition, because units 1 and 10 can be manufactured while laid flat, the quality of the nail type, pitch, and driving depth can be easily ensured and checked. Furthermore, the wall ratio can be easily changed by changing the type, thickness, and nail pitch of the structural plywood used for the board portion 19. By preparing multiple units 1 with different wall ratios, the optimal structure can be selected according to the specific requirements and conditions of the building, thereby improving flexibility and enabling adaptation to a variety of construction projects. Furthermore, the units are sized to be easily transported flat on the back of a truck, enabling efficient transportation.

[0055] Furthermore, the integrated units 1, 10 can be easily attached to and detached from the framework of the building 100, allowing the wood to be reused without being damaged. Compared to conventional on-site work, quality control is easier, including checking the dimensions of the material, the type and pitch of the nails, and whether the nails are driven in too much or too little.

[0056] (Aspect 2) In Aspect 1, the units 1 and 10 further include a cross member 11. The end of the column 12 is connected to the top surface (corresponding to the fourth side surface) of the cross member 11 via a metal joint 15 (corresponding to the first member). The metal joint 15 can connect the foundation 101 of the building 100 and the cross member 11.

[0057] In the above configuration, the column 12 is joined to the upper surface of the connecting metal 15, which makes it possible to connect the column 12, cross member 11, and foundation 101 using a single connecting metal 15. Because the above connection is achieved using only one connecting metal 15, the structure is simple.

[0058] (Embodiment 3) In embodiment 1 or 2, the metal joint 15 can be connected to an anchor bolt 109 installed in the foundation 101.

[0059] The above-described configuration allows the foundation and units 1 and 10 to be joined with a simple structure.

[0060] (Embodiment 4) In any of embodiments 1 to 3, the unit 1, 10 further includes a metal joint 17 fixed to the column 12 and capable of connecting the column 12 to a column 102 of the building 100.

[0061] In the above configuration, by providing a metal joint 17, which is a column joint, to the column 12, a column 102 can be joined to the top of the column 12, and connected to the frame of the upper floor as a through column. Because the metal joint 17 is installed in the units 1 and 10 in advance, the work of connecting the units 1 and 10 to the column 102 (Figure 2) on site is easy.

[0062] (Embodiment 5) In any of embodiments 1 to 4, the column 12 further has a side portion 12B (corresponding to a fourth side portion) formed on the side opposite the second side portion. A connecting hardware 18 (corresponding to a fourth member) fixed to the fourth side portion can connect the column 12 to a cross member 103 of the building 100.

[0063] In the above configuration, by providing the column 12 with a connecting metal fitting 18, which is a beam-column joint, the column 12 can be further joined to the cross member 103, and connected to the surrounding frame. Because the connecting metal fittings 18 are installed in the units 1 and 10 in advance, the work of connecting the units 1 and 10 to the cross member 103 on site is easy. [Explanation of symbols]

[0064] 1, 10 units 100 Buildings 11, 13 Cross members 12 pillars 14 Intermediate materials 15, 16, 17, 18 Metal joints 19 Board part

Claims

1. A unit that can be incorporated into a structure, a wooden pillar having a first side surface portion and a second side surface portion perpendicular to the first side surface portion; a first wooden cross member having an end connected to the first side surface portion and a third side surface portion parallel to the second side surface portion; a plate-shaped member fixed to the second side surface portion and the third side surface portion and formed into a plate shape; a first member fixed to the column and capable of connecting the column and a cross member of the structure; A unit equipped with.

2. a second cross member having a fourth side portion; Further provided is a second member that connects the end of the column and the fourth side portion and can connect the foundation of the structure and the second cross member, The unit of claim 1.

3. the second member is connectable to an anchor bolt installed in the foundation; 3. The unit of claim 2.

4. Further provided is a third member fixed to the pillar and capable of connecting the pillar to a pillar of the structure. The unit of claim 1.

5. The pillar further has a fourth side surface portion formed on the opposite side to the second side surface portion, The unit further includes a fourth member fixed to the fourth side surface portion and capable of connecting the column and a cross member of the structure. The unit of claim 1.

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