A simple method to improve purity and yield of watermelon-melon hybrids.

Abstract

To provide a simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon-melon hybridization. The method includes the steps of constructing an isolation net house, killing small insects, removing unsuitable plants, emasculating, pollinating, cutting open the breeding melon, collecting seeds, disinfecting, and drying in the sun. In the present invention, watermelon and melon are cross-breeded by net house isolation and artificial pollination to improve the purity and yield of watermelon and melon breeding.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, and in particular to a simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon / melon hybrid breeding. [Background technology]

[0002] Watermelon refers to watermelon and melon. China is the world's number one country in watermelon production and consumption, with a sowing area of ​​more than 28 million mu in recent years, accounting for more than 70% of the total fruit marketed in summer. The watermelon and melon industry plays an important role in developing China's agriculture and rural areas, increasing farmers' income and making them rich. China is also the world's number one watermelon and melon seed producer, with about 1.5 million kilograms of watermelon seeds and about 500,000 kilograms of melon seeds that need to be produced annually, totaling 2 million kilograms, and the output brought about by China's watermelon and melon breeding will reach 6 billion yuan. And watermelon and melon seed industry enterprises around the world have all built breeding bases in China, accounting for more than one-third of the world, and mass breeding for foreign countries is the main source of cash income in northwest China. However, the breeding of good watermelon and melon seeds in China has encountered a serious technical bottleneck. One reason is that the improvement of labor costs has eliminated the advantages of China's watermelon melon breeding, and the other reason is the continuous improvement of industry requirements for seed quality. In China's traditional watermelon melon breeding, the breeding method of manual emasculation in the open field, tying and isolating flowers, and artificial pollination is often used, which has problems such as low seed purity, large number of employed laborers, heavy workload, and high production cost. Therefore, it is particularly important to produce watermelon melon seeds with good quality and high yield at low cost. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon melon cross breeding, and carries out watermelon melon cross breeding by gauze isolation and artificial pollination to improve the purity and yield of watermelon melon cross breeding. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In one aspect, the present invention provides a simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon melon breeding, comprising the steps of: The method includes the steps of: Step 1 of constructing an isolation screen house; Step 2 of killing small insects; Step 3 of removing unsuitable plants; Step 4 of emasculating female plants; Step 5 of pollinating; and Step 6 of cutting open the breeding melons, collecting seeds, disinfecting them, and drying them in the sun. In step 1, a support is installed in the watermelon melon seed breeding production area, a rope connector is attached to the support, all the surrounding supports are fixed to the rope connector with a rope, the rope is pulled diagonally to fix it to the ground, the support is covered with nylon gauze with a density of 20 mesh, the surrounding nylon gauze is tightly compacted with soil, a buffer room is set up at the entrance and exit of the isolation net room, and the door of the buffer room is made of two layers of insect-proof net curtains stacked alternately to prevent external insects from entering the net room and carrying out activities such as pollination; In step 2, after covering the gauze, a pesticide such as 10% cypermethrin emulsion concentrate 2500 times solution is sprayed over the entire inside of the gauze to kill small insects such as aphids and thrips and prevent small insects from entering the female flowers and causing harm; In step 3, the morphology of the parent plants is carefully observed before pollination. If any plants are found that differ from the characteristics of the cultivar, they are removed. In step 4, the day before pollination, all male flowers, including buds, and any attached fruits are removed from the female plants; In step 5, in the evening of the day before the male flowers bloom or in the early morning of the day, pick the male flowers of the male plants that are growing well, and after picking, put them into a container covered with a compress, so that the male flowers can be pollinated after they bloom naturally; remove the petals from the male flowers of the male plants, lightly and evenly apply the medicine of the male flowers of the male plants to the stigma of the second or third female flowers of the female plants that have just bloomed, and then tie a labeled rope to the stalk of the pollinated female flowers, select several different colors as labels, and replace one color every 3 to 5 days to harvest the breeding melons in batches; on days when the temperature is high, such as sunny days, the pollination operation is performed from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m., and on days when the temperature is low, such as cloudy days, the pollination operation is performed from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.; there is no need to tie up the flowers of the female plants; the net room plays a natural isolation role, and there is no pollination by insects, so there is no need to cover the female flowers of the female plants with a cap to isolate and protect them; In step 6, the method includes harvesting the seeds in the morning on a sunny day, fermenting them naturally in a cool and dark environment for 48 hours, removing the mucilage, rinsing them thoroughly with purified water, filtering the water thoroughly, disinfecting them, washing them with water, and quickly drying or drying them in the sun to reduce the moisture content of the seeds to within 8%. Effect of the Invention

[0005] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the simple method of improving the purity and yield of watermelon melon cross breeding of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] 1. Increase seed purity and yield. One advantage of breeding watermelon melons by gauze isolation is that the breeding purity is high. Under the conditions of gauze isolation, pesticides such as 10% cypermethrin emulsion concentrate 2500 times solution can be sprayed into the net room to kill insects, ensuring that there are no insects in the net room and avoiding natural pollination. Therefore, the breeding purity is significantly improved compared to that of open-field breeding, and the purity of watermelon melon seeds can reach 100% through net room isolation. Another advantage of breeding watermelon melons by gauze isolation is that the breeding yield is high. Under the conditions of gauze isolation, the net house can adjust the growth microclimate environment of watermelon melon, and the humidity in the net house during the flowering period is about 10% higher than that in the open field, which is favorable for pollination and fertilization, and obviously improves the seed setting rate of early pollination. It also has good ventilation, which reduces the breeding humidity more than that in plastic greenhouses, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and increases the yield by 50% compared to the open field, thereby increasing the profits of breeding enterprises.

[0007] 2. Save time and labor costs. In conventional watermelon and melon crossbreeding, the female flowers of the female plants must be tied and capped the day before pollination to prevent pollination by insects, and must also be protected by capping after pollination, whereas isolation in a netted greenhouse and killing insects before the flowers bloom prevent pollination by external insects, eliminating the need to tie up the flowers, saving nearly three times the time required for pollination by isolating and tying up the flowers in the open field, reducing manual input and lowering the workload. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] The drawings constituting a part of the present invention provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are used to interpret the present invention, but are not intended to unduly limit the present invention.

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. [Diagram 2] This is a diagram of the internal structure of the mesh chamber. [Diagram 3] This is an actual diagram of watermelon and melon breeding using a net house. [Figure 4] This is an actual drawing of the embankment that secures the screen chamber to the outside of the screen chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] In addition, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other as long as they are not inconsistent. The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples with reference to the drawings.

[0011] As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, in the present invention, a simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon / melon cross breeding is preferred, which includes the following steps 1 to 7.

[0012] Step 1 is to select and prepare the land. It is preferable to select sandy soil for the watermelon and melon seed breeding production area, which is fertile, soft, deep, has a moderate hydrogen ion exponent, a pH value of about 7.0, has good breathability, good light transmittance, and is easy to drain and irrigate. When preparing the land, dig furrows and peripheral ditches in the watermelon and melon seed breeding production area, connect all the ditches, and prevent puddles from forming, thereby preventing the occurrence of flooding.

[0013] In step 2, an isolation screened room is constructed. A support is installed in the watermelon melon seed breeding production site, a rope connector is attached to the support, all surrounding supports are fixed to the rope connector with a rope, the rope is pulled diagonally to fix it to the ground, the support is covered with nylon gauze with a density of 20 mesh, the surrounding nylon gauze is tightly compacted with soil, a buffer room is set up at the entrance and exit of the isolation net room, and a two-layer insect-proof net curtain with alternating stacking is used for the door of the buffer room.

[0014] Step 3 is to sow the seeds and grow the seedlings. For the seeds of the parent strain for breeding, the purity of the parent strain should reach 99.8% or more. Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in warm water of about 50-55°C and stirred constantly. When the water temperature drops to about 30°C, the stirring is stopped, soaked for 6-8 hours, and after pulling out, the seeds are soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20-30 minutes. After washing with purified water, use an incubator to promote germination, place a wet gauze or towel in one container, spread the seeds flat on the wet gauze or towel, then cover with 1-3 layers of wet gauze, and then place the container in an incubator at about 30°C. Generally, the seeds can germinate within 24 hours. Finally, sow the germinated seeds. When the ground temperature stabilizes at about 15℃, sow the male plants, and 5~7 days later, sow the female plants. The flowering periods of the male and female plants should be synchronized, and the sowing ratio of male and female plants should be 1:10. The seedbed temperature should be controlled at 25~30℃ during the day and 12~13℃ at night.

[0015] Step 4 involves transplanting and planting. When the watermelon melon seedlings grow to three to four leaves with one core, they are transplanted and planted when the soil temperature is stable at 15°C or higher. The ventilation holes are gradually opened wider for about 7 days before planting to harden the seedlings, and the ventilation holes are not closed at night unless there is special weather. For female plants, seedlings of the same size are selected and planted, so that the female plants can be intensively flowered during the flowering period, and for male plants, three types of seedlings, large, medium and small, are planted, and in this way, when the pollination period begins, the pollination time of the male plants can be extended. Male plants are planted around the periphery of the field in a ratio of 1 ridge of male plants and 10 ridges of female plants, and in order to make it easy to collect pollen, the spacing between the transplanted female plants is 20 to 30 centimeters, and the spacing between the ridges is 50 to 60 centimeters, and the spacing between the transplanted male plants is 10 to 20 centimeters, and the spacing between the ridges is 40 to 50 centimeters.

[0016] Step 5 involves killing midges, uprooting incompatible plants, emasculating and pollinating. Prune female plants before pollination as follows: Watermelon is pruned by leaving only the main stem and removing the side stems, and after the core is removed at the five-leaf stage of the melon, one healthy main stem is left and the remaining main stems are removed. Kill small insects as follows: After covering the flowers with gauze, spray an agricultural chemical such as a 2,500-fold solution of 10% cypermethrin emulsion concentrate over the entire inside of the gauze to kill small insects such as aphids and thrips and prevent them from entering the female flowers and causing harm. Unsuitable plants are removed as follows: Before pollination, the morphology of the parent plants is carefully observed, and any plants found that differ from the characteristics of the cultivated variety are pulled out. Emasculate female plants as follows: The day before pollination, remove all male flowers, including the female flower buds, and any attached fruits. Pollinate as follows: In the evening of the day before the male flowers bloom or in the early morning of the same day, the male flowers of the male plants that are growing well are picked, and after picking, they are placed in a container covered with a compress, so that pollination can be carried out after the male flowers bloom naturally. The petals are removed from the male flowers of the male plants, and the medicine of the male flowers of the male plants is lightly and evenly applied to the stigma of the second or third female flowers of the female plants that have just bloomed, and then a labeled rope is tied to the stalk of the pollinated female flowers, and several different colors are selected as labels, and one color is replaced every 3 to 5 days, so that the breeding melons are harvested in batches. On days when the temperature is high, such as sunny days, the pollination operation should be carried out from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m., and on days when the temperature is low, such as cloudy days, the pollination operation should be carried out from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m., and all unpollinated female flowers and female flowers that bloomed after 10:00 a.m. should be removed to ensure an improvement in the fruit-setting rate after cross-breeding of the female flowers that bloomed after that. After fruit set, the plants are pinched off to concentrate nutrients in the breeding melons, which will favor their growth. After fruit set, the plants can be pinched off when the stems of early varieties reach 1.3 meters and those of mid-late varieties reach 1.5 meters.

[0017] In step 6, the breeding melons are harvested and seeds are collected. The breeding melons are harvested after being fully matured. Before harvesting, it is necessary to thoroughly remove the first-time self-breeding melons, and all breeding melons without marks or with unclear marks are deemed to be self-breeding melons and removed. On a sunny morning, the marked hybrid fruits and the hybrid fruits that match the characteristics of the female plant are collected together, stacked, identified, and prepared for cutting open the breeding melons and collecting the seeds. The cotton that meets the requirements of breeding melons is placed in a plastic container together with the seeds, and allowed to ferment naturally in a cool and dark environment for 24h to 48h. The mucus on the surface of the seeds is rubbed off by hand, washed, and then rinsed thoroughly with purified water, and the water is thoroughly filtered.

[0018] In step 7, the seeds are disinfected and dried in the sun. Tsunami100 is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:80, and the seeds that have been fermented and washed with purified water are placed in a container containing disinfectant and soaked for 15 minutes, with the ratio of disinfectant to wet seeds being 2-3:1, and the seeds are constantly stirred during soaking. The seeds are then removed and washed twice with water, and then quickly dried or placed on a mat or screen to dry in the sun. When the moisture content drops to within 8% of the moisture content standard set by the Chinese government, the seeds are stored in hemp, cloth or woven bags and marked.

[0019] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. All modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the concept and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

[Claim 1] A simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon and melon hybrids, comprising: The method includes the steps of: (1) constructing an isolation screen house; (2) killing small insects; (3) removing incompatible plants; (4) emasculating the plants; (5) pollinating the plants; and (6) cutting open the breeding melons, collecting seeds, disinfecting them, and drying them in the sun. In step 1, a support is installed in the watermelon and melon seed breeding production area, a rope connector is attached to the support, all the surrounding supports are fixed to the rope connector with a rope, the rope is pulled diagonally to fix it to the ground, the support is covered with nylon gauze having a density of 20 mesh, the surrounding nylon gauze is firmly compacted with soil, a buffer room is provided at the entrance and exit of the isolation net room, and the door of the buffer room is made of two layers of insect-proof net curtains stacked alternately to prevent external insects from entering the net room and pollinating; In step 2, after covering the gauze, a pesticide is sprayed throughout the gauze to kill small insects including aphids and thrips and prevent small insects from entering and harming female flowers; In step 3, the morphology of the parent plants is carefully observed before pollination. If any plants are found that differ from the characteristics of the cultivar to be cultivated, they are removed. In step 4, the day before pollination, all male flowers, including buds, and any attached fruits are thoroughly removed from the mother plant. In step 5, in the evening of the day before the male flowers bloom or in the early morning of the day, pick the male flowers of the male plants that are growing well, and after picking, place them in a container covered with a compress, so that the male flowers can be pollinated after they bloom naturally; remove the petals from the male flowers of the male plants, and apply the anthers of the male flowers of the male plants lightly and evenly to the stigma of the female flowers of the second or third blooming mother plant that has just bloomed; then tie labeled ropes to the stalks of the pollinated female flowers, select several different colors as labels, and change the colors every 3 to 5 days to harvest the breeding melons in batches; on sunny days with high temperatures, the pollination operation needs to be performed from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m., and on cloudy days with low temperatures, the pollination operation needs to be performed from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.; there is no need to tie up the flowers of the mother plants; the net room plays a natural isolation role, and there is no pollination by insects, so there is no need to cover the female flowers of the female plants of the mother plants with caps to isolate and protect them; Step 6: Collect the seeds in the morning on a sunny day, ferment them naturally in a cool and dark environment for 48 hours, remove the mucilage, rinse them thoroughly with purified water, filter the water thoroughly, disinfect, wash them, and quickly dry or sun-dry them to reduce the moisture content of the seeds to within 8%. method.

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