Construction methods for buildings and buildings

Abstract

To solve the problem of providing a construction method for a building in which the assembly of modules is simple and the manufacturing thereof is also simple due to the structure of the modules. [Solution] A method for constructing a building, comprising: stacking a plurality of precast concrete structures on a foundation to form a single unit, each unit forming a single room; using one or a plurality of the units as the main body of the building; stacking the precast concrete structures so that pre-drilled through holes in each of the precast concrete structures form communicating holes that connect in the height direction of the main body; and inserting a support member into the communicating hole that is the full length of the communicating hole or longer, to secure the topmost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a building construction method, a building, and a frame package. [Background technology]

[0002] In order to construct buildings inexpensively, simply, and quickly, a method is sometimes adopted in which prefabricated modules are assembled at a desired location to complete a building (or a portion thereof). Patent Document 1 describes a "precast concrete structure for housing construction used as the foundation of a multi-story house, which comprises a six-sided structure formed with a bottom section with internal reinforcement and walls erected from the periphery of the bottom section so as to surround the bottom section, the six-sided structure being formed by stacking an upper structure with an open or ceiling on a lower structure with a bottom, a sealing member being interposed between the upper edge of the lower structure and the lower edge of the upper structure, the lower structure having a stepped upper edge at its upper edge, and the upper structure having a stepped lower edge at its lower edge corresponding to the stepped upper edge, angle irons being attached to the corners of each edge so as to cover the surface, and the angle irons being welded to the reinforcing bars arranged in each structure." [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 2959764 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Although the precast concrete structure described in Patent Document 1 is easy to construct on site, manufacturing the precast concrete structure itself in a factory still requires a lot of time and effort. Therefore, when considering the entire series of processes, from manufacturing the precast concrete structure to constructing (assembling) the building, it cannot necessarily be said to be easy or quick.

[0005] Meanwhile, there is a demand for emergency housing construction in areas affected by disasters such as earthquakes. Modular housing, which is constructed by assembling prefabricated modules on-site, is suitable for this purpose. While it is desirable to have modules manufactured in advance and stockpiled, there are cases in which stockpiles are insufficient depending on the scale of the disaster.

[0006] If module production were to begin after a disaster (for example, in a factory in an unaffected area), the time required to manufacture the modules could become the rate-limiting step that determines the time required to provide housing. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to manufacture modules more easily or quickly, and to simplify or speed up the entire work process up to the completion of a building (housing).

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a building that allows for easy assembly of modules and / or easy manufacturing due to the structure of the modules.Another object of the present invention is to provide a building and a frame package. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The first building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method comprising: stacking a plurality of precast concrete structures on a foundation to form a single unit, each unit forming a single room; using one or a plurality of the units as the main body of the building; and inserting a support member of a length equal to or greater than the full length of the communicating hole into a communicating hole formed by stacking the precast concrete structures such that the through holes formed in advance in each of the precast concrete structures are connected in the height direction of the main body, thereby fixing the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the building construction method of the present invention, the assembly of modules is simple and / or the manufacturing of modules is simple due to their structure, so that the construction of buildings can be completed more quickly. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view of a building constructed by a building construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the main parts of a unit that constitutes a building. [Figure 3] This is an assembly drawing of the units that make up the building. [Figure 4] This is a perspective view of the top-level unreinforced precast concrete structure. [Figure 5] AA line cross-sectional view of the peripheral wall W. FIG. [Figure 6] 1 is a diagram (partial cross-sectional view) showing the peripheral wall W as seen from the inside. [Figure 7] Figure 8(a) is a perspective view of the unreinforced precast concrete structure that constitutes the top stage of the unit, and Figure 8(b) is a perspective view of the tubular member with base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure. [Figure 8]This is an oblique view (Figure 8(a)) of an unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A that constitutes the bottom stage of the unit, and an oblique view (Figure 8(b)) of a tubular member with a base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A. [Figure 9] 1 is a diagram (partial cross-sectional view) showing the peripheral wall W as seen from the inside. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a unit that constitutes a building according to another embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is an assembly diagram of units that constitute a building according to another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The first building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method comprising: stacking a plurality of precast concrete structures on a foundation to form a single unit, each unit forming a single room; using one or a plurality of the units as the main body of the building; stacking the precast concrete structures so that the through holes pre-drilled in each of the precast concrete structures form communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the main body; and inserting a support member into the communicating hole whose length is the full length of the communicating hole or longer, to secure the topmost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

[0012] The precast concrete structures used in the first building construction method are provided with through holes in advance. These through holes become connected holes when the precast concrete structures are stacked. That is, the precast concrete structures are formed in advance so that the through holes align with each other when stacked. Because these through holes are connected in the height direction of the structure, multiple stacked precast concrete structures are firmly fixed together by inserting support members into these holes and fixing the topmost precast concrete structure to the foundation. In the first building construction method, once the precast concrete structures are transported to the construction site, they can be firmly fixed together simply by stacking them and inserting and fixing support members into the connecting holes, thereby forming a strong structure, facilitating assembly and speeding up building construction.

[0013] The second building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method similar to the first building construction method, except that the precast concrete structure is cylindrical, with two end openings of the same shape in a plan view, and has a plurality of through holes that penetrate the peripheral wall in the vertical direction, and by stacking the precast concrete structures, the through holes form communicating holes that communicate in the vertical direction of the main body.

[0014] The precast concrete structure used in the second building construction method is cylindrical, with two end openings of the same shape in plan view and multiple through-holes that penetrate the peripheral walls in the vertical direction. Therefore, the four walls of the building (or the underlying structure) are completed simply by stacking them on the foundation. Therefore, the building is completed by simply covering the openings with a roof, which speeds up the construction of the building.

[0015] The third building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method according to the first building construction method, wherein the precast concrete structure is semi-square cylindrical, with two cross-sectional sections having the same shape when viewed in plan, and has a plurality of through holes that extend from the cross-sectional sections along the peripheral wall to the bottom, and the through holes form communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the structure by stacking the precast concrete structures.

[0016] The precast concrete structure used in the third building construction method is semi-square tubular, with two cross-sectional sections that are identical in plan view and the through-holes that run from the cross-sectional sections along the perimeter walls to the bottom. Therefore, when stacked on the foundation, the square tubes lie sideways, forming a roof and a pair of opposing walls. Because the other wall is open, it is more suitable for buildings that require large openings.

[0017] A fourth building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method according to any one of the first to third building construction methods, wherein the precast concrete structure is an unreinforced precast concrete structure.

[0018] The precast concrete structure used in the fourth building construction method is an unreinforced precast concrete structure. This makes it easier and faster to manufacture the precast concrete structure. Generally, unreinforced precast concrete structures may have lower mechanical strength than reinforced precast concrete structures. However, in the building construction method of the present invention, the strength is sufficiently compensated for by using support members to secure the top precast concrete structure to the foundation.

[0019] The fifth building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method according to the second or third building construction method, wherein the precast concrete structure has mating portions on the peripheral walls, and mating portions are used to matingly engage with other precast concrete structures.

[0020] The precast concrete structures used in the fifth building construction method are easily stacked because they have fittings on the peripheral walls. Furthermore, these fittings naturally function as guides for stacking. Therefore, by stacking the precast concrete structures along the fitting guides, communicating holes can be easily formed without aligning the through holes. This speeds up construction.

[0021] The sixth building construction method of the present invention is the fifth building construction method, further comprising placing the precast concrete structure that forms the lowest part of the body on the concrete foundation, and the foundation has a mating receiving portion on its surface that corresponds to the mating portion.

[0022] The foundation used in the sixth building construction method is made of concrete and has a mating receiving portion on its surface. This mating receiving portion is configured to correspond to the mating portion of the precast concrete structure that forms the bottom. Therefore, by fitting these together, the precast concrete structure is less likely to move on the foundation, further improving stability. The mating receiving portion also functions as a guide for positioning the precast concrete structure, which speeds up construction.

[0023] The seventh building construction method of the present invention is the sixth building construction method, wherein the main body has an area corresponding to one room of the building, and the precast concrete structures are stacked adjacent to each other to form the building having multiple rooms.

[0024] According to the seventh building construction method, the precast concrete structure framework corresponds to the area (floor area or wall area) of one room, so buildings with multiple rooms can be constructed simply by lining up the required number of these. This construction method makes it easy to adjust the room layout according to use and demand, and to add more rooms, it is only necessary to increase the number of precast concrete structure sets (frame packages) required for one room, which speeds up the construction of buildings.

[0025] The eighth building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method according to the first building construction method, in which the precast concrete structure on the top level and the precast concrete structure one level below the top level are manufactured using the same formwork.

[0026] According to the eighth building construction method, the number of types of formwork used in manufacturing precast concrete structures can be reduced as much as possible, and precast concrete structures of approximately the same shape are combined to form a single unit, and multiple units are combined to form a single building, so the number of types of formwork is less likely to increase, and construction of buildings can be more quickly carried out.

[0027] The ninth building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method according to the first building construction method, wherein the support member includes a deformed steel bar having a threaded portion and a nut for fixing the deformed steel bar, and the support member fixes the topmost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

[0028] According to the ninth building construction method, simply stacking precast concrete structures raises concerns that they may shift horizontally in the event of an earthquake or other disaster, and the resulting structure would not be strong enough to serve as the building's framework. However, the support members can be used to prevent the precast concrete structures from shifting, resulting in a building with sufficient strength.

[0029] The tenth building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method in which, in the first building construction method, the support member includes a deformed steel bar having a threaded portion and a nut for fixing the deformed steel bar, and by fastening the threaded portion of the support member with the nut, the support member fixes the topmost precast concrete structure and the foundation.

[0030] According to the tenth building construction method, by fastening the screw parts with nuts, the support members that secure the precast concrete structure can be prevented from shifting, and the building can be more firmly secured.

[0031] The eleventh building construction method of the present invention is the seventh building construction method, which further includes fixing diagonal reinforcing members to the inside of the peripheral walls of the stacked precast concrete structures.

[0032] According to the eleventh building construction method, a so-called truss is formed on the inside of the peripheral wall using diagonal reinforcing members, thereby further improving the strength of the building frame.

[0033] The 12th building construction method of the present invention is the 11th building construction method, wherein the diagonal reinforcing members are fixed to base plates provided on the precast concrete structures, and the base plates are provided in advance on the precast concrete structures that form the bottom level of the body and the precast concrete structures that form the top level of the body, respectively.

[0034] According to the 12th building construction method, a base plate for fixing the diagonal reinforcement member is provided in advance on the precast concrete structure, making it easier to install the diagonal reinforcement member at the construction site, and as a result, construction of the building is faster.

[0035] The first building of the present invention is a building comprising a skeleton formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, the skeleton comprising one or more units, one unit forming a room by stacking the precast concrete structures on the foundation, the unit comprising a support member for securing the precast concrete structure to the foundation, and the precast concrete structure, the precast concrete structure having a through hole for inserting the support member, the through hole forming a communicating hole that communicates in the height direction of the skeleton by stacking the precast concrete structures, the support member having a length equal to or longer than the full length of the communicating hole, and being inserted into the communicating hole to secure the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

[0036] The precast concrete structures used in the first building have through holes pre-installed, which connect to form a continuous hole when stacked. These holes are formed along the height of the building. Support members are inserted into these holes to secure the top precast concrete structure to the foundation, creating a strong structure that forms the building's framework. This structure is easy to assemble on-site and allows for rapid construction.

[0037] The first frame package of the present invention is a frame package used for constructing the skeleton of a building, which is formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, and includes a number of units that enable the formation of the skeleton of the desired height, wherein one unit forms a room using multiple precast concrete structures, and the precast concrete structures have through holes for inserting support members to secure the foundation and the precast concrete structures, and the through holes are connected in the vertical direction of the skeleton by stacking the precast concrete structures.

[0038] The frame package used in the first building is a package (frame package) consisting of three precast concrete structures that form the framework of one room in the building. This makes it easy to transport materials from the precast concrete structure manufacturing site to the building construction site, as well as to manufacture and manage them at the construction site, allowing for rapid construction.

[0039] Hereinafter, embodiments of the building construction method, building, and frame package of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to designate the same components. The embodiments shown in the drawings are merely illustrative and do not limit the present disclosure in any way. The embodiments and their variations described below can be combined in any manner, and such combinations are within the technical scope of the present invention.

[0040] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a building constructed by a building construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as "this construction method"). The use of the building is not particularly limited, and the building may be used for residential purposes, offices, stores, or for shared use. The following description will be given taking as an example a residential building urgently constructed in a disaster area or the like.

[0041] The building 100 is placed on a foundation G that is entirely made of concrete. The building 100's framework is made up of units 1, 2, and 3, each assembled independently and adjacent to each other with no gaps between them. The roof of the building 100 is made up of a roofing material 4 made of galvanized steel sheet laid on top of the framework. In this example, the roofing material 4 is made of a corrugated galvanized steel sheet, but any known material and shape can be used without any particular restrictions. The roofing material 4 may also be laid independently on each of the units 1, 2, and 3.

[0042] Although units 1, 2, and 3 differ in the location and presence of the entrance 5 and window 6, they are all nearly identical in shape. Specifically, units 1, 2, and 3 are each identical rectangular parallelepipeds, each sized to provide a space (six-tatami room) with a long side (width) of approximately 10 m, a short side (depth) of approximately 2 m, and a height of approximately 2 m. Units 1, 2, and 3 are each configured to contain a single room. In other words, the area inside the opening in plan view is configured to be the floor area of ​​one room. The size of the units can be freely changed depending on the size of the unreinforced precast concrete structure described below. Building 100, in which all units are six-tatami rooms, is just one example; units of different sizes can also be lined up and used as a single building. Furthermore, even a single unit can be used as an independent building, and the number and arrangement of units can be freely changed depending on the purpose, etc.

[0043] Unit 2 has an entrance 5 to the outside in its peripheral wall W (the outer wall of the building 100), and units 1 and 2 have multiple windows 6 in their peripheral wall W. Although not shown, each unit has an entrance for passing between other units.

[0044] Units 1, 2, and 3 (the skeleton of the building 100) are each made of concrete and are assembled by stacking three unreinforced precast concrete structures (corresponding to modules) described below. Therefore, the perimeter wall W is constructed with the unreinforced precast concrete structures exposed. The unreinforced precast concrete structures may also be covered with wall panels.

[0045] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the main components of unit 1, and FIG. 3 is an assembly diagram of unit 1. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the topmost unreinforced precast concrete structure. For simplicity, windows and doorways are omitted. Unit 1 is composed of unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C, stacked in this order from foundation G, and multiple support members 20. In this specification, the term "unreinforced precast concrete structure" refers to a concrete structure that is manufactured in advance in a factory or the like and transported to a construction site without using reinforcing bars. Unreinforced precast concrete structures can be manufactured by pouring cement, water, aggregate, etc. into a formwork and allowing it to harden. Therefore, they have the advantage of being easier and faster to manufacture than typical reinforced concrete structures (reinforced concrete). While an unreinforced precast concrete structure is used in this example, the concrete structure may also be a reinforced concrete structure.

[0046] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are each rectangular in shape when viewed from above. The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C have the same shape when viewed from above and are configured so that they can be stacked without gaps. Because they are cylindrical, when they are stacked together, a space is created inside, and this space becomes a room. Note that the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are rectangular in shape when viewed from above, but the shape is not limited to this. The shape of the unreinforced precast concrete structure is cylindrical, and it is sufficient that the shapes of the multiple unreinforced precast concrete structures that form one unit are the same when viewed from above and can be stacked without gaps. Specifically, they may be cylindrical, or may be a rectangular tube shape other than a square. Among these, triangular, rectangular and hexagonal shapes are preferred in plan view because they make it easy to "tile" (fill the surface) a given site, and among these, equilateral triangles, squares, squares or regular hexagons are even more preferred in plan view because they make it easy to "tile" using unreinforced precast concrete structures of the same shape.

[0047] Unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, 11C have mating portions 24A, 24B arranged at equal intervals on the upper and lower surfaces along the peripheral wall W. The mating portions 24A are protrusions that protrude in the height direction (downward) from the lower surface, while the mating portions 24B are recessed in the height direction (downward) from the upper surface, so that they fit snugly together. Unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, which is the topmost level of unit 1, and unreinforced precast concrete structure 11B, which is the middle level, each have mating portions 24B on their upper surface (top side) and mating portions 24A on their lower surface (bottom side). These are installed in corresponding positions, and when unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C is placed on top of unreinforced precast concrete structure 11B, mating portions 24A and 24B overlap, and unreinforced precast concrete structures 11B and 11C are placed together without any gaps and in an almost airtight state.

[0048] Furthermore, the provision of the interlocking portions 24A and 24B facilitates positioning when stacking unreinforced precast concrete structures. The shape of the interlocking portions is not limited to the above, and any shape is sufficient as long as the unreinforced precast concrete structures can interlock with other unreinforced precast concrete structures when stacked. In this example, four interlocking portions are provided on the top surface and four on the bottom surface, but this number is not particularly limited. In this example, an interlocking portion 24B is also provided on the top surface of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, which is the topmost layer. In this example, since there is no need to stack an unreinforced precast concrete structure on top of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, the interlocking portion 24B is not actually necessary. However, it is provided from the perspective of minimizing the number of types of formwork used in the manufacture of unreinforced precast concrete structures, i.e., from the perspective of being able to manufacture the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11B and 11C using the same formwork. Therefore, there is no need to provide a fitting portion on the upper side of the topmost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, but it is preferable to provide a fitting portion on the top surface of the topmost stage.If unreinforced precast concrete structures 11B and 11C are manufactured using different formwork (for example, if there are windows or entrances), there is no need to provide a fitting portion on the upper side of the topmost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C.

[0049] Meanwhile, a fitting portion having a different shape from the fitting portion 24A is provided on the underside (foundation G) side of the lowest (lowest) unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A. Specifically, a rectangular column-shaped fitting portion 24C is provided across two opposing sides of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A, and the fitting portion 24C is tapered so that it can be easily fitted into a corresponding slit-shaped fitting receiving portion 24E provided in the foundation G. This configuration makes it easy to position the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A relative to the foundation G, and also makes it possible to fix the placed unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A so that it does not move relative to the foundation G. Note that the shapes of the fitting portion 24C and the fitting receiving portion 24E are merely examples, and it is sufficient that the positioning of the lowest unreinforced precast concrete structure can be achieved by fitting the unreinforced precast concrete structure therein and that the fitted unreinforced precast concrete structure can be fixed (i.e., the fitted unreinforced precast concrete structure is prevented from sliding along the foundation).

[0050] Each of unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C has a plurality of equally spaced holes 22A, 22B, and 22C that penetrate the peripheral wall W in the height direction. In this example, there are four holes in the width direction and one hole in the depth direction, a total of ten holes, arranged approximately evenly along the peripheral wall W. There are no particular restrictions on the number or positions of holes provided in each unreinforced precast concrete structure, but two or more holes are preferred, and if the unreinforced precast concrete structure is to have a rectangular cylindrical shape, holes are preferably provided at the corners and each side of the peripheral wall.

[0051] The holes 22A, 22B, 22C are provided at corresponding positions on the peripheral wall W so that they are in the same position when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, 11C are overlapped while being guided by the fitting portions 24A, 24B, 24C. Therefore, when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, 11C are overlapped, they form communicating holes, i.e., holes that penetrate in the height direction.

[0052] Support members are inserted into the communication holes from above the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, which forms the top of the skeleton, and are fixed between the foundation G and the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C. The support members are composed of deformed reinforcing bars 20B with threads on the top and bottom, and nuts 20A. As an example, when the inner diameter of the communication holes is 10 to 30 mm, the diameter of the deformed reinforcing bars 20B is preferably 0.5 to 0.9 (5 to 27 mm).

[0053] The deformed reinforcing bars 20B are inserted into the communicating holes and screwed into screw holes 22D provided in the foundation G, thereby fixing the reinforcing bars to the foundation G. The reinforcing bars are then fastened with nuts 20A onto the peripheral wall W of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C that constitutes the top stage. This fixes the top stage unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C to the foundation G.

[0054] Compared to reinforced concrete structures, the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C have the advantage of being able to be manufactured quickly in a factory using a simple manufacturing process. However, simply stacking the structures raises concerns that they may shift horizontally in the event of an earthquake or other disaster, and the strength of the structures is not sufficient for the framework of the building 100.

[0055] As described above, by inserting the support members 20 into the communicating holes formed by the holes 22A, 22B, and 22C of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C and tightening and fixing the space between the foundation G and the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, it is possible to prevent the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C from shifting due to shaking, etc. As a result, sufficient strength is achieved as the skeleton of the building.

[0056] In this way, by making the frame of unit 1, which makes up one room of building 100, a package (frame package) consisting of three unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C, it becomes easier to transport materials from the manufacturing site of the unreinforced precast concrete structures to the construction site of the building. However, simply stacking unreinforced precast concrete structures on top of each other could result in insufficient strength as a building. This construction method has the feature of supplementing the strength of the unreinforced precast concrete structure by inserting and fixing support members into the communicating holes, which makes it possible to achieve both ease of manufacturing and transportation in a disassembled state and strength after construction.

[0057] The frame package may include the required number of unreinforced precast concrete structures according to the height of the building 100 (preferably a single-story building), but it is preferable that it also includes the required number of support members. It may also include diagonal reinforcing members, which will be described below.

[0058] The building 100 constructed using this construction method further includes diagonal reinforcement members to enhance its strength. Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the perimeter wall W along line AA. Schematically, this diagram illustrates the perimeter wall W as viewed from the inside (the room side). Diagonal reinforcement members 34, 34 are fixed to the inside of the perimeter wall W of the unit 1, spanning almost the entire height of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C. Specifically, two diagonal reinforcement members 34 are fixed crosswise to a base plate 32C provided on the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C constituting the topmost level and a base plate 32A provided on the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A constituting the bottommost level. The diagonal reinforcement members 34 are made of two deformed steel bars, and their tensile strength is adjusted by turnbuckles 33. The base plates 32A, 32C are typically embedded during the manufacturing of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A and 11C.

[0059] The truss structure using the diagonal reinforcing members 34 may be visible from the inside (room side) as shown in Figure 5, or may be hidden by a wall panel. Also, instead of being cross-hatched, a single diagonal reinforcing member 34 may be used. The diagonal reinforcing member 34 further increases the resistance of the building 100 to shear stress. The diagonal reinforcing member 34 is not essential for the strength of the building 100, and may be used as appropriate depending on the application.

[0060] Like Figure 5, Figure 6 shows the perimeter wall W as seen from the inside. Unreinforced precast concrete structures 13A, 13B, and 13C are stacked to form one unit. Windows 6 are formed in the unreinforced precast concrete structures 13B and 13C. The windows 6 can be formed by fitting glass or the like into through holes pre-drilled in the outer peripheral surface (wall surface) of the unreinforced precast concrete structure. In this case, three sets of reinforcing members 41, 41, 44, 44, 47, and 47 are provided for one wall surface. The reinforcing members 41, 41 are fixed cross-wise to base plates 42C and 42A in the center between the two windows 6 on the left and right, and the tensile force is adjusted by turnbuckles 43.

[0061] Furthermore, the reinforcing members 44, 44 (47, 47) are fixed to the base plates 45C (48C) and 45A (48A) in a cross-hatched manner in the edge region between the window 6 and the wall surface, and the tensile force is adjusted by the turnbuckles 46 (49). With this configuration, even when a window 6 is installed, strength is maintained by positioning the diagonal reinforcing members to avoid this. Furthermore, the position of the base plates can be determined in advance according to the position of the window, making it easy to attach the fixing hardware at the factory.

[0062] Figures 7 to 9 are diagrams showing modified examples of different methods of embedding a base plate into an unreinforced precast concrete structure. Figure 7 is a perspective view (Figure 7(a)) of an unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C that forms the top stage of the unit, and a perspective view (Figure 7(b)) of a tubular member with a base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C.

[0063] The unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C differs from the above-described embodiment in that it has equally spaced holes 52 that penetrate the peripheral wall in the vertical direction, and at least some of the holes 52 are formed as hollow portions of the base plate-equipped tubular members 54, 56.

[0064] The tubular member with base plate 54 comprises a cylindrical main body 54A having a height approximately equal to that of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, and a base plate 54B extending in a cantilevered manner from a midpoint in the height direction of the main body 54A (preferably above the halfway point and below the upper end). The base plate 54B branches out in a Y-shape in plan view, allowing reinforcing members to be secured from two directions. During the manufacture of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, the tubular member with base plate 54 is held and embedded in a location where reinforcing members should be secured from two directions, such as a corner of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C. This configuration forms the hollow portion of the main body 54A, forming a hole 52, facilitating the positioning of the base plate 54B (determining the embedding location and securing it) during manufacture.

[0065] Similarly, the tubular member with base plate 56 comprises a cylindrical main body 56A whose height is approximately the same as that of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, and a base plate 56B that cantilevers from a midpoint in the height direction of the main body 56A (preferably above the halfway point and below the upper end). The tubular member with base plate 56 is also embedded during the manufacture of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C. Because the base plate 56B of the tubular member with base plate 56 protrudes in one direction, it is used to form holes 52 on the sides of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, rather than at the corners.

[0066] Figure 8 is a perspective view (Figure 8(a)) of an unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A that constitutes the bottom stage of the unit, and a perspective view (Figure 8(b)) of a tubular member with a base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A.

[0067] In the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A, a base plate-equipped tubular member 64, structurally similar to the base plate-equipped tubular member 54, is embedded upside down relative to the base plate-equipped tubular member 54. A base plate-equipped tubular member 66, similar to the base plate-equipped tubular member 56, is also embedded in the structure. By embedding the base plate-equipped tubular members in this manner, the base plates 64B, 66B protrude from a lower position in the height direction of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A, improving the reinforcing effect of the diagonal reinforcing members. The formation of holes 62 by the base plate-equipped tubular members 64, 66 is the same as described above.

[0068] In both unreinforced precast concrete structures 50A and 50C, holes 52, 62 are simply provided in the locations where base plates are not required. In other words, no tubular members are embedded, and holes 52, 62 are simply formed in the formwork. This simplifies the manufacture of unreinforced precast concrete structures, but instead, only tubular members without base plates may be embedded in those locations.

[0069] FIG. 9 shows the perimeter wall W as seen from the inside (room side). Similar to the previous example, a single unit is formed from unreinforced precast concrete structures 50A, 50B, and 50C. Diagonal reinforcing members 71, 71 (72, 72) are fixed to the inside of the perimeter wall W, spanning almost the entire height of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 50A, 50B, and 50C. Specifically, two diagonal reinforcing members 71, 71 (72, 72) are fixed crosswise to base plates 54B (corner) and 56B (side) of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C constituting the topmost level, and to base plates 64B (corner) and 66B (side) of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A constituting the bottommost level. Each diagonal reinforcing member 71, 71 (72, 72) is made of two deformed steel bars, and the tensile strength is adjusted by turnbuckles 73 and 74.

[0070] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a building construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, in step S101, an unreinforced precast concrete structure is manufactured. This step is usually carried out in a manufacturing factory. As described above, multiple unreinforced precast concrete structures are stacked to form one unit (one room). It is usually preferable to divide the height of one floor of a typical house into three sections and use three unreinforced precast concrete structures. However, the number of unreinforced precast concrete structures stacked to form one unit is arbitrary and can be determined appropriately depending on the height of the unit, etc.

[0071] There are no particular limitations on the method for manufacturing unreinforced precast concrete structures, and known methods can be used. Specifically, a mixture of cement, water, and aggregate (sand, gravel) is poured into a formwork and allowed to harden until it reaches a predetermined strength. After hardening, the mixture is removed from the formwork. Note that, before hardening (usually before pouring), end plates for fixing the diagonal reinforcing members may be embedded, or tubular members with end plates may be embedded. Of course, the end plates can also be driven into the unreinforced precast concrete structure after hardening and fixed.

[0072] With this construction method, unreinforced precast concrete structures of nearly identical shape are combined to form a single unit, and multiple units are combined to form a single building, so the need for a large number of different formworks is minimized.For example, one type of formwork for an unreinforced precast concrete structure that is divided into three units (height) and is compatible with a unit with two entrances and exits can also be used for a building with multiple rooms made up of connected units.

[0073] Next, in step S102, a concrete foundation is laid. This step is usually performed at the construction site. It is preferable that the concrete foundation is laid over the entire surface where necessary. The concrete foundation is provided with fitting receiving portions 24E and screw holes 22D in predetermined positions beforehand.

[0074] Next, in step S103, the frame package used to construct the building's skeleton is transported to the construction site, and the unreinforced precast concrete structure that forms the bottom layer is placed in a predetermined position on the concrete foundation G, and a predetermined number of unreinforced precast concrete structures are stacked on top of it. The frame package already contains unreinforced precast concrete structures corresponding to the number of units included in the building and the number of vertical divisions. It also contains the required number of support members, etc.

[0075] The unreinforced precast concrete structure that makes up the bottom tier can be placed using the fitting receiving portion 24E as a guide, making positioning easy. Furthermore, the unreinforced precast concrete structures that are stacked on top of it can be stacked using the fitting portion as a guide, making positioning easy as well. Construction is quick, as the unreinforced precast concrete structures transported by truck or other means are simply hoisted using a crane or Unic vehicle and placed in the designated location.

[0076] Next, in step S104, the support members are inserted into the through-holes and fixed in place. The through-holes are formed simply by stacking the unreinforced precast concrete structures according to the guide of the fittings, so inserting and fixing the support members is easy. The method for inserting and fixing the support members has already been explained.

[0077] Next, in step S105, the diagonal reinforcement members are fixed to the inside of the peripheral wall. Because the base plates are already installed during the manufacturing of the unreinforced precast concrete structure, workers at the construction site can easily understand where and how to install the diagonal reinforcement members just by looking at the arrangement of the base plates, making the work easy.

[0078] Next, in step S106, the necessary interior construction work (e.g., installation of interior walls and ceilings) is carried out, and the roof is laid. This construction method not only makes it easy and quick to manufacture unreinforced precast concrete structures in factories, but also makes assembly at the construction site easy, speeding up the entire process. In addition, since the structure is configured to have support members inserted and fixed into the through-holes, it has sufficient strength. This construction method allows for a quick response to sudden construction demands, such as during disasters.

[0079] Next, another embodiment of the building of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing a unit constituting the building. Fig. 12 is an assembly drawing of the unit constituting the building.

[0080] As in the first embodiment, the unit 80 is a component of a building, and one or more units are arranged adjacent to one another on the foundation G to form a building. The unit 80 is formed by stacking unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B. The unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are each semi-rectangular tubular, and the cross-sectional portion 84A of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A and the cross-sectional portion 84B of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B have the same shape in a plan view. Furthermore, the cross-sectional portion 84C of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A and the cross-sectional portion 84D of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B have the same shape in a plan view. In other words, the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are configured to overlap tightly when stacked with their cross-sectional portions facing each other.

[0081] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B have a plurality of through holes 86 that penetrate from cross-sectional portions 84A, 84B, 84C, 84D along the peripheral wall W, in other words, along the wall to the bottom. The openings of these through holes 86 at cross-sectional portions 84A, 84B, 84C, 84D are formed in positions that will overlap when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B are placed on top of each other. In other words, when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B are placed on top of each other, two of the through holes 86 are connected, forming a communication hole 88 (FIG. 12).

[0082] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B are stacked so that the communication holes 88 are oriented along the height direction of the building. In other words, the square cylindrical unit 80 formed by stacking the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B is placed in a state where it is lying on the foundation G. Support members 20 consisting of deformed reinforcing bars 20B and nuts 20A are inserted into the communication holes 88 and tightened between them and holes 90D provided in the foundation G, thereby fixing the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A and the foundation G.

[0083] A fitting portion 90A is provided on the underside of the peripheral wall W of unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A. Meanwhile, a fitting portion 90B is provided on the top side of unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B. These are provided in corresponding positions, so when unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A is placed on unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B, fitting portions 90A and 90B overlap, and unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are placed together with no gaps and in a nearly airtight state.

[0084] Furthermore, a fitting portion 90C having a different shape from fitting portion 90A is provided on the lower side (foundation G) of the lowest unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B. Specifically, fitting portion 90C is provided in the shape of a rectangular pillar spanning two opposing sides of unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A, and is tapered to make it easier to fit into a corresponding slit-shaped fitting receiving portion 90E provided in foundation G.

[0085] In this example, the unreinforced precast concrete structure is a semi-square tube, with two cross-sectional sections of the same shape in plan view, and the through-holes run from the cross-sectional sections along the perimeter walls. Therefore, when stacked on the foundation, the square tubes lie sideways, forming a roof and a pair of opposing walls. The other wall is open, making it suitable for buildings where large openings are desired. [Explanation of symbols]

[0086] 1-3 units, 4 roofing materials, 5 entrances, 6 windows 11A-C, 13A-C, 50A-C Unreinforced precast concrete structures 20 Support member, 22A-C hole, 22D screw hole, 24A-C fitting portion, 24E fitting receiving portion, 100 Building, G Foundation, W Peripheral wall

Claims

1. A construction method for a building, comprising: Stacking a plurality of precast concrete structures on a foundation to form one unit, each unit forming one room; One or more of the units are used as a framework for the building; By stacking the precast concrete structures, the through holes provided in advance in each of the precast concrete structures form communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the body, and a support member having a length equal to or longer than the entire length of the communicating hole is inserted into the communicating hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation, The method for constructing a building further comprises fixing diagonal reinforcing members to the inside of the peripheral walls of the stacked precast concrete structures.

2. The precast concrete structure is cylindrical, has two end openings that have the same shape in a plan view, and has a plurality of through holes that penetrate the peripheral wall in a height direction; 2. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein the through holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures to form the communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the structure.

3. The precast concrete structure has a semi-rectangular cylindrical shape, two cross-sectional portions of which have the same shape in a plan view, and a plurality of through holes extending from the cross-sectional portions along the peripheral wall to the bottom, 2. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein the through holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures to form the communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the structure.

4. The method for constructing a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the precast concrete structure is an unreinforced precast concrete structure.

5. 4. The building construction method according to claim 2, wherein the precast concrete structure has fitting portions on the peripheral walls, and the fitting portions allow the precast concrete structure to fit with another precast concrete structure.

6. The method further includes placing the precast concrete structure constituting the lowermost part of the body on the concrete foundation, The building construction method according to claim 5 , wherein the foundation has, on its surface, a fitting receiving portion corresponding to the fitting portion.

7. The skeleton has an area corresponding to one room of the building, 7. A method for constructing a building according to claim 6, including stacking the precast concrete structures adjacent to one another to form the building having a plurality of rooms.

8. 2. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein the precast concrete structure at the top level and the precast concrete structure one level below the top level are manufactured using the same formwork.

9. The support member includes a deformed reinforcing bar having a threaded portion and a nut for fixing the deformed reinforcing bar, The method for constructing a building according to claim 1 , wherein the support member secures the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

10. The support member includes a deformed reinforcing bar having a threaded portion and a nut for fixing the deformed reinforcing bar, 2. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein the support member fixes the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation by fastening the threaded portion of the support member with the nut.

11. The diagonal reinforcing members are fixed to a base plate provided in the precast concrete structure, 2. A method for constructing a building as described in claim 1, wherein the base plate is pre-installed on the precast concrete structure that constitutes the lowest level of the structure and the precast concrete structure that constitutes the uppermost level of the structure.

12. A building having a skeleton formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, The body includes one or more units, One of the units is configured to form one room by stacking the precast concrete structure on the foundation, The unit includes a support member for fixing the precast concrete structure and the foundation, and the precast concrete structure; the precast concrete structure has through holes for inserting the support members; The through holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures to form communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the skeleton, The support member has a length equal to or greater than the entire length of the communication hole, and is inserted into the communication hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation; A building comprising diagonal reinforcing members fixed to the inside of the perimeter walls of the stacked precast concrete structures.

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