Engine inversion with one cylinder module or several cylinder modules

Abstract

The engine may have a single cylinder module or it may have multiple cylinder modules through which a single central shaft (4) passes, to which cams (5) and a crankshaft ( 7) used for converting a linear reciprocating movement into a rotary one are connected. The engine can have one or more connecting rods (8), according to the number of cylinder modules. The pistons (3) are housed in cylinders (6) and the cylinders ( 6) perform a sliding reciprocating movement. There are always two pistons (3) in the 180° position in one cylinder ( 6) and they are firmly connected to each other in a pair by one or two connecting rods (8) located outside and on the sides of the cylinder ( 6) or cylinders ( 6).

Description

[0001] Engine in version with one cylinder module or several cylinder modules

[0002] Field of invention

[0003] The invention falls within the field of internal combustion engines and relates to the design of an engine which may be constructed a.s two-stroke or four-stroke.

[0004] Background

[0005] An internal combustion engine. (ICE) is a machine which converts its chemical energy into mechanical work by burning fuel. Fuel is capable of a chemical combustion reaction in which heat is released and the fuel can be solid, liquid or gaseous and the environment in which it is combusted is most often air, but it can also be another substance. The working gas can be just gas or it can be flue gas. The working gas is continuously exchanged or is enclosed in the engine. The moving part of the engine on which the working gas is applied can move in different ways and one way or the other or both can be used together to obtain mechanical work. Given the above, it is not surprising that a group of ICEs includes several types and different designs; it is thus useful to use the right criteria for their classification. ICEs are divided based on several aspects. Individual aspects are independent of each other, it is thus not possible to create a simple tree structure in this case. ICEs are also divided into intermittent- combustion engines, such as a two-stroke engine or a four-stroke engine, and also, based on the basic working principle, into piston engines, which is reciprocating piston movement (most current ICEs) or engines with a rotarypiston movement (Wankel engine). Depending on the method of combustion induction, piston engines are divided into spark- ignition engines - combustion induced by energy from,an external source - a spark of a spark plug; and compressionignition engines - combustion induced by heating the compressed mixture above the ignition temperature. There are also other, more detailed aspects of the division; based on the type of fuel combusted / the engines are divided into: - gas - combusting gaseous fuels such as natural gas; ~ liquid fuel - petroleum (petrol, diesel) or other (alcohol.); - solid fuel ~ such as pulverized coal. Furthermore, based on the place of preparation of the mixture with the formation of the mixture outside the working area - for example, in the carburetor, combustion chamber; or with the formation of the mixture in the working area - for example, in the cylinder of compression-ignition engines. The piston internal combustion engine is the most frequent representative of ICEs in technical equipment. They are almost exclusively used for the propulsion of motor vehicles. Their basic part is a piston that performs a sliding or rotary movement and mediates the conversion of the pressure energy of the gas charge into the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft. Spark-ignition engine ~ the basic feature of spark-ignition engines is that the mixture in the cylinder above the piston is most often ignited by a spark between the spark plug's electrodes. The mixture needs an external source of energy to ignite. The spark-ignition engine can be two-stroke or four-stroke. Compression-ignition engine - the basic feature of compression-ignition engines is that the mixture, which is formed directly in the combustion chamber, is ignited by compression heat. These engines have such a high compression ratio that when the air sucked into the cylinder is compressed, the temperature at the moment of fuel injection in the combustion chamber is higher than the ignition temperature of the fuel. The compression-ignition engine can also be two- stroke or four-stroke. Summary

[0006] The invention as defined in the claims consists of an engine, the construction of which is characterized by the fact that the engine can have a single cylinder module or it.can have multiple cylinder modules through which one central shaft passes, to which cams and a crankshaft used for conversion of a linear reciprocating movement into a rotary one are connected. The engine can have one or more connecting rods, according to the number of cylinder modules. There are always two pistons in the 180° position working as a doubleacting piston in one cylinder and they are firmly connected to each other in a pair by one or two connecting rods located outside and on the sides of the cylinder or cylinders. The engine may be designed as an option where the pistons are stationary and stable and the valves, valve ducts, spark plugs, injectors and cams are mounted in the pistons and the working movement is carried out by cylinders connected to the cylinder head. In another option, the pistons perform the working movement and the valves, valve ducts and cams are mounted in the cylinder head in a way similar to flat engines with opposite pistons without a crankcase. The engine can have a multi-piston engine (single-cylinder) design or a multicylinder engine design with an even number of pistons. The engine has a fixed piston with a central shaft on which a crankshaft is fixed in a rotatable manner, the other end of which is connected in a rotatable manner to the connecting rod, the other end of which is connected to the slide cylinder. The fixed piston has valves and suction and exhaust ducts. The engine has two fixed pistons with one central shaft on which the crankshafts are fixed in a rotatable manner at their edges, the other ends of which are connected in a rotatable manner to the connecting rods, the other ends of which are connected to the slide cylinder. The fixed pistons have valves and suction and exhaust ducts. The engine has two fixed pistons with one central shaft on which a crankshaft is fixed in a rotatable manner,between them, the other end of which is connected to the connecting rod in a rotatable manner, the other end of which is connected to the slide cylinder. The fixed pistons have valves and suction and exhaust,ducts. The engine has a double-acting piston slidably mounted in the cylinder, with a connecting rod fixed in a rotatable manner to a piston pin and connected in a rotatable manner to a crankshaft connected in a rotatable manner to the central shaft. Both ends of the cylinder have valves and suction and exhaust ducts. Valves are connected to cams propelled by the central shaft. The presented engine design aims to reduce mechanical losses, consumption and emissions, to improve torque, to heat the engine faster, to save material, to reduce weight and to reduce the overall size of the engine. The engines are lighter than the conventional, classic piston engines with a classic crank mechanism.

[0007] Description of drawings

[0008] Figure 1 shows an engine with one moving cylinder and one crankshaft, figure 2.shows an engine with two moving cylinders and two crankshafts on the sides. Figure 3 shows an engine with two moving cylinders and one connecting rod

[0009] Figure 4 shows an engine with a moving piston. Figure 5 shows an engine with a moving cylinder.

[0010] Examples

[0011] The engine may have a single cylinder module or it may have multiple cylinder modules through which a single central shaft 4 passes, to which cams 5 and a crankshaft 7 used,for converting a linear reciprocating movement into a rotary one are connected. The engine can have one or more connecting rods 8, according to the number of cylinder modules. The pistons 3 are housed in the cylinders 6 and the cylinders 6 perform a sliding reciprocating movement. There are.always two pistons 3 in the 180° position in one cylinder 6 and they are firmly connected to each other in a pair by one or two connecting rods 8 located outside and on the sides of the cylinder 6 or cylinders 6. The engine may be designed as an option where the pistons 3 are stationary and stable and the . valves 1, valve ducts 2, spark plugs, injectors and cams 5 are mounted in the pistons 3 and the working movement is carried out by cylinders 6 connected to the cylinder 6 head. In another option, the pistons 3 perform the working movement and the valves 1, valve ducts 2 and cams 5 are mounted in the cylinder 6 head. The engine can have a multi-piston engine (single-cylinder) design or a multi-cylinder engine design with an even number of cylinders. The engine has a fixed piston 3 with a central shaft 4 on which a crankshaft 7 is fixed in a rotatable manner, the other end of which is connected in a rotatable manner to the connecting rod 8, the other end of which is connected to the slide cylinder 6. The fixed piston 3 has valves 1 and suction and exhaust ducts 2. The engine has two fixed pistons 3 with one central shaft 4 on which the crankshafts 7 are fixed in a rotatable manner on their edges, the other ends of which are connected in a rotatable manner to the connecting rods 8, the other ends of which are connected to the slide cylinder 6. The fixed pistons 3 have valves 1 and suction and exhaust ducts 2. The engine has two fixed pistons 3 with one central shaft 4 on which a crankshaft 7 is fixed in a rotatable manner between them, the other end of which is connected in a rotatable manner to the connecting rod 8, the other end of which is connected to the slide cylinder 6. The fixed pistons 3 have valves 1 and suction and exhaust ducts 2. The engine has a double-acting piston 3 slidably mounted in the cylinder 6, with a connecting rod 8 fixed in a rotatable manner to a piston 3 pin 9 and connected in a rotatable manner to a crankshaft 7 connected in a rotatable manner to the central shaft 4. Both ends of the cylinder 6 have valves 1 and suction and exhaust ducts 2. Valves 1 are connected to cams 5 propelled by the central shaft 4.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An engine designed with one or more cylinder modules, characterized in that it has a fixed piston (3) with a central shaft (4) on which a crankshaft (7) is fixed in a rotatable manner, the other end of which is connected in a rotatable manner to a connecting rod (8), the other end of which is connected to a slide cylinder (6), where the fixed piston (3) is equipped with valves (1) and suction and exhaust ducts (2).

2. The engine designed with one or more cylinder modules according to claim .1, characterized in that it has two fixed pistons (3) with one central shaft (4) on which crankshafts (7) are fixed in a rotatable manner on their edges, the other ends of which are connected in a rotatable manner to connecting rods (8}, the other ends of which are connected to a slide cylinder (6), where the fixed pistons (3) have valves (1) and suction and exhaust ducts (2).

3. An engine designed with one or more cylinder modules according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two fixed pistons (3) with one central shaft (4) on which a crankshaft (7) is fixed in a rotatable manner between them, the other end of which is connected in a rotatable manner to a connecting rod (8), the other end of which is connected to a slide cylinder (6), where the fixed pistons (3) have valves (1) and suction and exhaust ducts (2).

4. A engine designed with one or more cylinder modules, characterized in that it has a double-acting piston (3) slidably mounted in a cylinder (5), with a connecting rod (8) fixed in a rotatable manner on the pin (9) of the piston (3), connected in a rotatable manner to a crankshaft (7), which is connected in a rotatable manner to a central shaft (4), where both ends of the cylinder (6) have valves (1) and suction andexhaust ducts (2), with valves (1) connected to camspropelled by the central shaft (4)

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