Housing base assembly for securing a housing of a drive train with reduced structure-borne sound radiation

Abstract

The invention relates to a housing base assembly (28) for securing a housing (26) of a drive train (14) to an underlying surface (30), comprising a supporting sheet (38, 40) which can be in contact with the housing (26) for absorbing weight forces, and a support plate (32) which is connected to the supporting sheet (38, 40) for being secured to and supported against the underlying surface (30), wherein the supporting sheet (38, 40) has a plurality of slots (42) which protrude into a direct load path between the housing (26) and the support plate (32) for the vibration damping of structure-borne sound. Due to the slots (42) in the supporting sheet (38, 40) which is in contact with the vibrating housing (26), which slots can be produced cost-effectively, vibration damping of structure-borne sound can already take place before the vibrations reach the support plate (32), so that it is possible to cost-effectively produce a low-noise drive train (14).

Description

[0001] Housing foot arrangement for fastening a housing of a drive train with reduced structure-borne sound radiation

[0002] Description

[0003] The invention relates to a housing base assembly with which a drivetrain housing can be secured to a substrate in such a way that structure-borne sound radiation is reduced. Furthermore, the invention relates to a drivetrain with such a housing base assembly and a data agglomerate that virtually depicts the housing base assembly and the drivetrain.

[0004] Rotating components in a drive train can generate vibrations that can be radiated as structure-borne noise. To prevent such noise emissions, it is known to connect a housing provided in the drive train, which surrounds the rotating components and can be set into vibration by the rotating components, to a substrate using an elastic and vibration-damping material.

[0005] From DE 196 33 421 A1, it is known to connect a stator of an electric machine to an elastically springy steel frame secured to a base via rigid feet in a drive train for a ship's propulsion system. From CN 107 355 508 B, it is known to support a housing of a high-speed drive motor on a support plate secured to a base via housing feet screwed to the housing. The respective housing feet have slots open towards the housing to dampen vibrations of the housing.

[0006] From JP 2012 233594 A it is known to attach housing feet supported on a base to a housing of a rotating machine, which feet have slots open in different directions in order to dampen vibrations of the rotating machine, in particular in the frequency range of the natural frequency of the rotating machine.

[0007] There is a constant need to produce a low-noise drive train at low cost.

[0008] The object of the invention is to demonstrate measures that enable a cost-effective and low-noise drive train.

[0009] The object is achieved by a housing base arrangement having the features of claim 1, a drive train having the features of claim 11, a drive train having the features of claim 12, and a data agglomerate having the features of claim 15. Preferred embodiments are specified in the subclaims and the following description, which can each individually or in combination represent an aspect of the invention, wherein the scope of protection is determined by the claims. If a feature is presented in combination with another feature, this only serves to simplify the representation of the invention and is in no way intended to imply that this feature cannot also be a further development of the invention without the other feature.

[0010] A first aspect of the invention relates to a housing base arrangement for fastening a housing of a drive train to a base, with a support plate engageable on the housing for absorbing weight forces and a support plate connected to the support plate for fastening and supporting the base, wherein the support plate has a plurality of slots extending into a direct load path between the housing and the support plate, wherein the slots are provided for vibration damping of audible structure-borne sound in a frequency range audible to humans, in particular 20 Hz to 20 kHz, and / or for shifting vibration frequencies into a frequency range inaudible to humans, in particular less than 20 Hz and / or greater than 20 kHz.

[0011] Vibrations that could lead to structure-borne sound radiation can be dampened in the immediate vicinity of the housing in which the rotating and vibration-generating components are housed. Instead of making the housing base rigid and only providing dissipative or destructive damping downstream in the load path of the oscillating load, deliberate elasticity can be provided in the support plate of the housing base arrangement using slots, compared to an unprotected plate of the same dimensions. The slotted support plate can spring elastically and thus provide a spring effect, which can change the natural frequency of an associated mass-spring system. Occurring vibrations can thus be filtered and at least their amplitude reduced, which can reduce noise emissions.In particular, it is possible to dampen frequencies in the induced vibrations to such an extent that audible structure-borne noise is avoided or at least significantly reduced, and only inaudible frequencies are radiated. The cost-effective slots in the support plate acting on the vibrating housing allow vibration damping of structure-borne noise before the vibrations reach the support plate, thus enabling the cost-effective production of a low-noise drive train. The support plate can itself induce vibrations in the load path, which could, for example, lead to destructive interference with the vibrations originating from the housing.Since the excitation of the oscillating slotted support plate depends on the vibrations originating from the housing, the vibration frequencies induced by the support plate can scale well with the vibration frequencies of the vibrations originating from the housing. Since the support plate can be in direct contact with the housing, an intermediate component that would interfere with the alignment of the vibration frequencies of the support plate with the vibration frequencies of the housing is also avoided. This prevents unintentional resonance-induced amplification of the vibrations introduced into the support plate.

[0012] In particular, the vibrating housing is supported by several housing foot assemblies, so that the weight to be supported can be distributed across the multiple housing foot assemblies. This makes it easier to provide a material thickness for the support plate suitable for the purpose of vibration damping of structure-borne sound, depending on the number of housing foot assemblies provided. The support plate can be shaped to follow the outer contour of the housing to be supported on its outer surface or end face and to bear across its entire surface rather than just at specific points. This allows the support plate to more easily follow and absorb the vibrations and oscillations of the housing.

[0013] The load path corresponds to the force flow from the housing to the support plate via the support plate, which would result if no slots were provided in the support plate. An idealized approach is used to define the load path, in which the forces introduced by the housing into the support plate are replaced by a resultant force concentrated at a single force introduction point on the support plate, and the forces leaving the support plate, particularly over a wide area, and introduced into the support plate are also replaced by a resultant force concentrated at a single force dissipation point on the support plate.The force introduction point and the force transfer point of the support plate are connected to each other via the load path, whereby the load path usually follows the shortest path between the force introduction point and the force transfer point, provided there are no notch effects, changes in material thickness or other form factors deviating from a flat plate.

[0014] The slots can be suitably selected in their shape and position within the support plate in order to dampen structure-borne sound within the support plate. In particular, the slots can be produced by punching, so that the support plate, together with its slots, can be easily and cost-effectively manufactured from a single metallic sheet in a single work step, preferably using the same punching tool. It is also possible to create the slots, for example, by flame cutting, laser cutting, or water jetting, which makes it possible to use support plates with a particularly thick material, for example a thickness of 30 mm or more. In principle, it is possible to form the slots merely as a material taper, whereby the area of ​​the material taper forming the slots provides significantly less resilient compliance than the remaining area of ​​the support plate.Particularly preferably, the slots are designed as continuous openings that extend completely between different sides of the support plate. The slots can intersect the idealized load path at least once. This means that the actual load path of the slotted support plate must bypass the respective slot. The actual load path therefore no longer follows the shortest path between the force application point and the force transfer point, but is deliberately redirected, extended, and follows a more meandering, winding, and / or undulating path.By deliberately extending the actual load path, in which the transmitted forces are redirected at least partially transversely to their orientation at the point of force application, preferably back and forth, the natural frequency of the associated mass-spring system can also be changed, significantly reducing the radiation of structure-borne noise in a frequency range audible to humans. In particular, the slots protrude alternately from different edges in the direction of the load path without slots into the load path without slots, allowing the actual load path with slots to be designed to be particularly long.

[0015] The dimensions of the slots are optimized for damping capacity in a frequency range for audible sound. Preferably, the damping capacity of the support plate achieved by the dimensioning of the slots is limited to vibration damping in a frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, although in most applications, a damping capacity of the support plate up to 16 kHz is sufficient due to the poor audibility of very high frequencies. Accordingly, due to the poor audibility of very low frequencies, a damping capacity of the support plate from 30 Hz is sufficient. Particularly preferably, a maximum of the damping capacity of the support plate achieved by the dimensioning of the slots lies in a frequency range from 500 Hz to 6000 Hz, since noises are perceived particularly strongly by humans in this frequency range.The specific dimensioning of the slots is not intended to dampen vibrations and mechanical oscillations in general, but rather to dampen audible structure-borne sound in a frequency range audible to humans. When designing the shape and position of the slots within the support plate, the natural frequency of the housing is of secondary importance compared to providing damping capacity in a frequency range of audible sound. This means that in the event of a conflict of objectives, in which the dimensioning of the slots could cause resonant vibrations during normal operation of the housing, the natural frequency of the housing is shifted, for example, by adding additional masses, to a range that is non-critical for normal operation.Although the dimensions of the slots, designed to dampen audible structure-borne sound, may still transmit mechanical oscillations and vibrations to the subsurface and not eliminate them, or even amplify them, the radiation of audible structure-borne sound is dampened, so that the vibrations that still occur are not perceived as acoustically disturbing by humans, especially in the immediate vicinity of a wind turbine. The vibrations transmitted to the subsurface due to the dimensions of the slots to dampen audible structure-borne sound can generally be absorbed and dissipated to a sufficient extent by the stiffness and strength of the subsurface, so that no mechanical damage, in particular fatigue cracks or fatigue fractures under oscillating or pulsating loads, is to be feared.

[0016] The vibration damping of structure-borne sound in the support plate can be achieved by deliberately vibrating the support plate due to the elastic resilience of the support plate achieved through the slots in the support plate. These vibrations can be dampened by destructive interference with the vibrations introduced by the housing. Additionally or alternatively, the vibration damping of structure-borne sound can be achieved by extending the actual load path through the support plate through the slots in the support plate, thereby reducing the frequency of the vibrations transmitted to the base plate to a frequency range that is no longer audible or significantly reducing it within the audible frequency range.In addition, the extended real load path can increase the effect of internal friction effects within the support plate during the transmission of vibrations, so that the amplitude of the vibrations and thus the volume of the structure-borne sound can be reduced, i.e. dampened.

[0017] The support plate can form a support with the help of which the vibration-capable housing fastened via the support plate can be supported on a base, in particular a non-vibration-capable base. In a wind turbine, the base can be formed by a machine support and / or a nacelle, each of which can also be vibration-capable. The support plate can rest flat on the base in order to be able to distribute the forces to be supported somewhat over the base. The support plate can in particular be attached essentially perpendicularly to the support plate, for example by welding. The essentially disc-shaped and / or plate-shaped support plate can in particular be attached with a narrow side to an upper side of the support plate, while an underside of the support plate pointing away from the upper side rests on the base.The support plate can have a hole pattern to enable the support plate to be screwed to an internal thread countersunk in the substrate using a fastening screw.

[0018] The housing can house rotating components which, due to imbalances, for example via their bearings supported on the housing, introduce vibrations into the housing under the influence of centrifugal force. The housing is, for example, part of an electrical machine in which a rotor which interacts electromagnetically with a stator induces force vibrations via the electromagnetic interaction during the relative rotation of the rotor to the stator, which vibrations are to be supported by the housing. The housing can be part of a gear unit, in particular a planetary gear unit, in which the bearing forces and / or support forces of a gear component of the planetary gear unit fixed to the housing can introduce force vibrations into the housing. The housing is generally lightweight relative to its surface area so that surface areas of the housing can easily be set into vibration.The forces associated with these vibrations can be transmitted to other components directly or indirectly connected to the housing, causing these components to also vibrate and radiate audible structure-borne noise. Particularly in a wind turbine where the vibrating housing is at least indirectly attached to a nacelle mounted on a wind turbine tower, the vibrations of the housing could excite the nacelle and disturb the surrounding area with radiated structure-borne noise. Therefore, measures to dampen vibrations of structure-borne noise are particularly advantageous in a wind turbine.

[0019] The drive train can have rotating components in order to use a torque generated at one end of the drive train at another end of the drive train. The torque can be transmitted from one end to the other end via components rotating at a specific speed, such that the rotating components can introduce force oscillations into the housing which at least partially covers the rotating components. In an industrial application, the drive train can have an electrical machine which drives a mechanical application via a gearbox. In an industrial wind turbine, the drive train can have a wind rotor for introducing a torque generated by wind power and an electrical machine connected, in particular via a gearbox, for generating electricity.

[0020] Industrial wind turbines are primarily designed to generate energy from wind power. The electrical energy generated from wind power can be fed into a public power grid, in particular, to supply energy consumers with renewable energy. A wind turbine gearbox designed for an industrial wind turbine is designed specifically for an output of over 1.0 MW, preferably over 5.0 MW, and particularly preferably over 7.5 MW, and is accordingly robust and large-volume.

[0021] In particular, to set a spring constant of the support plate, a material thickness of the support plate and to set a maximum vibration amplitude of a partial area within a sheet plane of the support plate, a slot width of the slots are coordinated with one another in such a way that sheet metal parts of the support plate facing one another via the respective slot are designed to be elastically freely vibrating relative to one another to dampen structure-borne sound, and abutment between adjacent partial areas separated from one another only by the respective slot is prevented. The slots result in partial areas of the support plate which, within their sheet plane, can spring into the volume released by the adjacent slots, thereby generating damping free vibrations which can dampen the vibrations leading to audible structure-borne sound.In particular, it is possible for the section of the support plate adjacent to a slot to oscillate elastically out of the plane of the plate, with both directions of oscillation preferably occurring simultaneously and overlapping one another. The damping effect against audible structure-borne noise can be improved in this way. In this case, it is possible to set a higher or lower spring constant via the material thickness of the support plate and thereby influence the frequency of the oscillations that can be generated by the section of the support plate. In addition, a maximum oscillation amplitude of the section within the plane of the support plate can be specified via the slot width and / or a particularly large gap width can be selected to prevent adjacent sections separated from one another only by a slot from coming into contact with one another.

[0022] Preferably, at least one of the slots has a straight course and / or at least one of the slots has a curved course and / or at least one of the slots has a zigzag course and / or at least one of the slots has a wavy course and / or at least one of the slots has a course composed of different courses. The shape of the course of the respective slot can influence how easily and with which spring constant an adjacent partial area of ​​the support plate can oscillate within the sheet plane of the support plate. Different shape courses are preferably provided for different slots so that essentially two partial areas of the same size can have different oscillation behavior.By easily adjusting the vibration properties of the support plate by shaping the course of the respective slots, it is easily possible to dampen a larger frequency range of vibrations.

[0023] In a further embodiment, at least one of the slots has a constant slot width and / or at least one of the slots has a constantly changing slot width and / or at least one of the slots has a funnel-shaped slot width that widens toward an edge of the support plate and / or at least one of the slots has a polynomially changing slot width and / or at least one of the slots has an irregularly changing slot width. The slot width can be used to influence the vibration behavior of an adjacent subregion of the support plate within the plate plane.

[0024] Particularly preferably, at least one of the slots is open towards an edge of the support plate and / or at least one of the slots is completely closed within the support plate. If the slot is open towards the edge, a partial region of the support plate formed between two such slots can protrude towards the edge and oscillate slightly within the plane of the plate. In addition, this can result in low frequencies and / or high amplitudes for the vibrations of the support plate. If the slot is introduced as a completely closed opening in the support plate, an adjacent partial region of the support plate can oscillate less strongly. This can result in high frequencies and / or low amplitudes for the vibrations of the support plate.By a combination of slots that are open towards the edge and slots that are closed towards the edge, the vibrations generated by the support plate can be adapted to the expected structure-borne sound for vibration damping.

[0025] In particular, the average alignment of the slots is essentially perpendicular to the direct load path. If the slot has a shape that deviates from a straight line, the average alignment of the affected slot is defined by a best-fit line to the outer contour of the slot, in particular according to the method of least squares. The actual load path of the slotted support plate can thus be particularly long. The structure-borne sound vibrations propagating along the actual load path are thereby deflected particularly frequently, in particular by essentially 180°, which can increase dissipative damping due to friction.

[0026] The support plate preferably has an auxiliary plate protruding substantially parallel to the support plate, wherein the auxiliary plate is provided via at least one nose connectable to the housing for absorbing weight forces and / or structure-borne sound. The auxiliary plate can be formed by sheet metal forming of the support plate and in this case can be designed in two layers in particular. The auxiliary plate is preferably welded to a main side of the remaining support plate or is firmly attached in some other way. The vibrations of the housing can thus also be introduced into the auxiliary plate, wherein the auxiliary plate can introduce these vibrations as bending moments into the remaining support plate. As a result, the auxiliary plate, which acts like a cantilever beam, can cause an elastic deformation of the remaining support plate. The auxiliary plate itself can also be elastically deformed at the frequency of the introduced vibrations.This makes it possible for the vibrations introduced into the remaining support plate via the auxiliary plate to be introduced into the remaining support plate with a phase shift. By suitably adjusting an effective lever arm with which the auxiliary plate engages the remaining support plate, destructive interference of the vibrations introduced via the auxiliary plate and directly via the remaining support plate can be achieved. The auxiliary plate can bear against exactly one lug protruding from the housing. However, it is also possible for the auxiliary plate to be arranged between two lugs engaging or even adjoining different main sides of the auxiliary plate and / or for two or more lugs to engage or bear against the same main side at a distance from one another along the extent of the formed lever arm.

[0027] Particularly preferably, the auxiliary plate has a plurality of slots extending into a direct load path between the nose and the remaining support plate for vibration damping of structure-borne sound. Similar to the remaining support plate, the auxiliary plate can also be designed with slots, whereby the above explanations regarding the remaining support plate with regard to the slots apply analogously as a preferred embodiment of the auxiliary plate. The vibrations introduced by the auxiliary plate into the remaining support plate can thus be adapted to the vibration damping already occurring in the actual load path of the remaining support plate, thereby further improving the vibration damping of structure-borne sound.An independent invention not falling within the scope of protection of the claims relates to a housing base arrangement for fastening a housing of a drive train to a base, with a support plate which can be engaged with the housing and which is intended to absorb weight forces, and with a support plate which is connected to the support plate and is intended to be fastened and supported on the base, wherein the support plate has a plurality of slots which extend into a direct load path between the housing and the support plate for vibration damping, wherein the support plate has an auxiliary plate which projects essentially parallel to the support plate, wherein the auxiliary plate is provided via at least one nose which can be connected to the housing for absorbing weight forces and / or structure-borne noise, wherein the auxiliary plate has a plurality of slots which extend into a direct load path between the nose and the remaining support plate for vibration damping of structure-borne noise.The cost-effective slots in the support plate engaging the vibrating housing and in the auxiliary plate allow vibration damping to occur before the vibrations reach the support plate or the substrate, respectively, thus enabling cost-effective production of a low-noise drive train. In particular, the at least one slot provided in the auxiliary plate is dimensioned for vibration damping in a different frequency range than the at least one slot provided in the support plate. The vibration damping achieved with the help of the slots in the support plate and the vibration damping achieved with the help of the slots in the auxiliary plate allow a particularly wide frequency range to be damped.In this case, it is possible for the damping capacity of the support plate to dampen vibrations only in a portion of the audible sound range, while the damping capacity of the auxiliary plate to dampen vibrations in another portion of the audible sound range, whereby vibration damping can preferably be achieved overall across the entire frequency range of the audible sound. Particularly preferably, vibration damping can also be achieved by the support plate and / or the auxiliary plate below and / or above the frequency range for audible sound, so that in addition to damping audible structure-borne sound and / or instead of damping audible structure-borne sound, inaudible and essentially purely mechanical oscillations and vibrations can be dampened.The independent invention of the housing foot arrangement can be designed and developed in a preferred embodiment as described above with reference to the first aspect of the invention of the housing foot arrangement, wherein the following description applies to all inventions of the housing foot arrangement.

[0028] In particular, a first support plate is provided for flat contact with a lateral surface of the housing via a narrow side of the first support plate, and a second support plate is provided, which is spaced from the first support plate via the support plate, for flat contact with an end face of the housing via a main side of the second support plate. Preferably, more than two support plates spaced from one another are connected to the housing and to the support plate. The distance between the first support plate and the second support plate can already reduce the free vibration path of the housing and stiffen the housing. This makes it possible to achieve vibration damping of structure-borne sound via the number and spacing of the support plates. Preferably, the support plate, which lies flat on the end face, can close the housing at the end as part of the housing.Particularly preferably, the support plate, which rests flat on the front side, supports a bearing for a rotating component, for example, a rotor shaft of an electric machine or a gear shaft of a transmission. The vibrations introduced into the bearing by the rotating component as bearing forces can thus be absorbed by the support plate and dampened in the spatial proximity of the bearing, so that the excitation of other vibrating components can at least be reduced.

[0029] Preferably, several slots are provided consecutively in the thickness direction between the main sides of the support plate and / or the auxiliary plate. If the material thickness of the support plate and / or the auxiliary plate is sufficient, it is also possible to design the slots as pockets, in particular by providing two or more slots configured as pockets one above the other in the thickness direction. The slots configured as pockets are, in particular, open exclusively toward one narrow side and are otherwise surrounded by material of the support plate or the auxiliary plate. This also makes it possible to dampen higher-frequency vibrations.

[0030] Particularly preferably, the support plate has a hole pattern for attachment to the substrate and at least one slot for vibration dampening of structure-borne sound. The hole pattern of the support plate can have one or more through-holes through which a screw can be passed in order to screw the support plate to the substrate, in which a corresponding internal thread is provided. The through-hole can be designed, for example, as a circular hole or a slot. The slot introduced into the support plate can be provided in a load path between the support plate and the through-hole of the hole pattern. This also allows a certain amount of elastic deformation to occur in the support plate, which can contribute to vibration dampening of structure-borne sound.

[0031] An independent invention not falling within the scope of the claims relates to a housing base arrangement for fastening a housing of a drive train to a base, with a support plate engageable on the housing for absorbing weight forces and a support plate connected to the support plate for fastening and supporting the base, wherein the support plate has a plurality of slots for vibration damping extending into a direct load path between the housing and the support plate, wherein the support plate has a hole pattern for fastening to the base and at least one slot for vibration damping.Due to the cost-effectively produced slots in the support plate engaging the vibrating housing and the support plate supported on the substrate, vibration damping can occur before the vibrations reach the support plate or the substrate, respectively, thus enabling cost-effective production of a low-noise drive train. Preferably, the support plate has an auxiliary plate extending substantially parallel to the support plate, wherein the auxiliary plate is provided via at least one lug connectable to the housing for absorbing weight forces and / or structure-borne noise. The auxiliary plate has a plurality of slots extending into a direct load path between the lug and the remaining support plate for vibration damping of structure-borne noise.In particular, the at least one slot provided in the support plate is dimensioned for vibration damping in a different frequency range than the at least one slot provided in the support plate, with the at least one slot in the auxiliary plate particularly preferably being dimensioned for a different frequency range than that of the support plate and the support plate. A particularly wide frequency range can be damped by the vibration damping achieved with the aid of the slots in the support plate and the vibration damping achieved with the aid of the slots in the support plate and / or the auxiliary plate.In this case, it is possible for the damping capacity of the support plate to dampen vibrations only in a partial range of the audible sound, while the damping capacity of the support plate and / or the auxiliary plate to dampen vibrations in another partial range of the audible sound, whereby vibration damping can preferably be achieved overall across the entire frequency range of the audible sound. Particularly preferably, vibration damping can also be achieved by the support plate and / or the support plate and / or the auxiliary plate below and / or above the frequency range for audible sound, so that in addition to damping audible structure-borne sound and / or instead of damping audible structure-borne sound, damping of inaudible and essentially purely mechanical oscillations and vibrations can occur.The independent invention of the housing base assembly can be designed and developed in a preferred embodiment as described above with reference to the first aspect of the invention of the housing base assembly, wherein the following description applies to all inventions of the housing base assembly. A further aspect of the invention relates to a drive train, in particular for a wind turbine, having an electrical machine, in particular a generator for generating electrical energy from wind power, and a base for supporting loads, wherein a housing of the electrical machine is fastened to the base via a housing base assembly, which can be designed and developed as described above.The cost-effective slots in the support plate acting on the vibrating housing allow vibration damping of structure-borne noise before the vibrations reach the support plate, thus enabling cost-effective production of a low-noise drive train.

[0032] A further aspect of the invention relates to a drive train, in particular for a wind turbine, comprising a gearbox for converting a rotational speed and / or a torque and a base for supporting loads, wherein a housing of the gearbox is fastened to the base via a housing base arrangement, which can be designed and developed as described above. Due to the cost-effectively produced slots in the support plate acting on the vibrating housing, vibration damping of structure-borne noise can occur before the vibrations reach the support plate, thus enabling cost-effective production of a low-noise drive train.

[0033] In particular, the base is part of a vibration-prone nacelle of the wind turbine or part of a machine support connected to the vibration-prone nacelle of the wind turbine. Since the housing base arrangement can already fully or partially dampen or cancel out any otherwise occurring audible structure-borne noise, it can be permitted for the base to which the support plate is attached to be vibration-prone. This enables a delicate and material-saving design of the nacelle and / or the machine support, thus reducing manufacturing costs. Radiation of structure-borne noise via the nacelle and / or fatigue fractures in the machine support and / or in the nacelle can be avoided. Additional design measures intended to stiffen and / or dampen the nacelle and / or the machine support can be eliminated or at least reduced.

[0034] Preferably, only metal components are provided in a load path between the housing and the ground. Additional damping elements made of an elastomeric material and / or a natural and / or synthetic rubber and / or caoutchouc material can be eliminated. This can reduce manufacturing costs. Furthermore, metal components have a significantly longer service life than elastomeric and / or rubber-like damping elements, so that by eliminating the need to replace aged damping elements, maintenance costs are also reduced. Eliminating maintenance-intensive damping elements is particularly advantageous for offshore wind turbines, which are exposed to harsh environmental conditions and are difficult to maintain, as this allows, for example, maintenance intervals to be extended.

[0035] Particularly preferably, the slots are at least partially, preferably completely, filled with a sealing compound that can be deformed under load. The sealing compound does not necessarily have to be elastic and can instead be a soft, deformable but coherent mass. The sealing compound can provide corrosion protection for the narrow surfaces bordering the respective slot. The sealing compound can block the penetration of corrosive substances, such as water or salt water, into the slot. Since the sealing compound can be very soft and does not need to have spring properties, the vibration capability of the partial areas of the support plate bordered by the adjacent slots is not significantly impaired or can be taken into account with minor modifications to the shape of the support plate and the slots when designing the support plate.A suitable sealant is, for example, polyurethane, silicone, butyl rubber, or similar. Preferably, the support plate can be coated, in particular painted, with the sealant after the slots have been filled, for example to provide corrosion protection for the support plate. The coating makes the slots and sealant barely visible, thus improving the visual appearance. Furthermore, complete corrosion protection can be achieved with the sealant, as the risk of the coating material not completely covering the interior of one of the slots is eliminated. Quality control of the corrosion protection is simplified, and the risk of rejects with insufficient corrosion protection is reduced.

[0036] A further aspect of the invention relates to an industrial application with a transmission comprising a housing and transmission components provided in the housing that are rotatable relative to the housing. The housing is supported and, in particular, fastened to a base via a housing base arrangement, which can be designed and developed as described above. The industrial application can comprise a drive means that can be configured, for example, as an electric machine, internal combustion engine, hydraulic motor, or wind-driven rotor. The drive means can be coupled to a transmission for converting a torque and a rotational speed of the power generated by the drive means, wherein the transmission can be designed and developed as described above. The transmission of the industrial application can, in turn, be coupled to a mechanical application in a torque-transmitting manner.in which mechanical energy introduced via the gear unit can be utilized. The mechanical application includes, for example, a mill, vertical mill, sugar mill, cement mill, rock crusher, conveyor belt, pump, roller press, apron conveyor, tube mill, rotary kiln, rotating gear, agitator, lifting device, garbage compactor, scrap press, shredder for recyclable materials from, possibly previously separated and / or sorted, waste, or similar. The cost-effective slots in the support plate acting on the vibrating housing allow vibration damping of structure-borne sound to occur before the vibrations reach the support plate.so that a cost-effective production of a low-noise drive train for industrial applications is possible. One aspect further relates to a data agglomerate with data packets summarized in a common file or distributed across different files for mapping the three-dimensional shape and / or the interactions of all components provided in the housing base arrangement, which can be designed and further developed as described above, or in the drive train, which can be designed and further developed as described above, wherein the data packets are prepared for the additive production of the components of the housing base arrangement or the drive train, in particular by 3D printing, when processed by a data processing device for operating a machine tool for the additive manufacturing of devices.and / or when processed by a data processing device for carrying out a technical simulation, to carry out a simulation of the functioning of the housing base arrangement or the drive train and to output the simulation results generated thereby for further use, in particular for the purpose of providing a fatigue strength verification and / or a structure-borne sound vibration analysis as a function of changing loads and / or changing temperature loads and, if necessary, to compare them with measurement data determined on a real-life device according to the invention and / or on a prototype of the device according to the invention. The data packets of the data agglomerate are specifically adapted to the inventive design of the respective device according to the invention described above.in order to adequately represent the inventive interaction of the components of the device according to the invention during processing in the data processing device. The data packets can, in particular, be stored spatially distributed, but adapted to one another in such a way that, in the event that all data packets are combined in a common data processing device, the data agglomerate thus assembled provides all the necessary data for additive manufacturing and / or a technical simulation with the aid of the data processing device for the device according to the invention. For example, the data packets are each separate parts of a data library ("library"),which are combined to form the data agglomerate and are adapted to each other with respect to their relative dimensions and / or absolute dimensions and / or material properties corresponding to the respective device according to the invention. The data agglomerate can represent a virtual embodiment of the respective device according to the invention in the manner of a so-called "digital twin," which enables a virtual examination in the form of a simulation or a real objectification using an additive manufacturing process. Such a digital twin is described, for example, in US 2017 / 286572 A1, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as part of the invention.

[0037] When the data processing device of the machine tool processes the data agglomerate, the device according to the invention is produced, so that after processing the data agglomerate in the data processing device, the device according to the invention is obtained, at least in the form of a prototype. In particular, each data packet can represent a separately implemented component of the respective associated device according to the invention, so that the individual components can easily be assembled, actually and / or virtually, in terms of their relative position and / or relative mobility in order to realize the interactions essential to the invention. In particular, it is possible, with the aid of the respective data packets, to produce the various components of the respective device separately and, if appropriate, from different materials by additive manufacturing and subsequently assemble them to form a prototype of the respective device.The division of the data of the data agglomerate into different data packets thus enables a simple sequential additive production of components of the respective device that are movable relative to one another in the form of a kit (“kit of parts”), which is designed to only be assembled in a meaningful way for the inventive interaction of the components of the prototype for the solution of the problem underlying the invention.

[0038] Additionally or alternatively, it is possible to use the data packets of the data agglomerate in a virtual environment during a technical simulation to calculate and / or predict the individual components of the respective device, their interactions, the physical state, and / or the change in physical parameters as a function of various boundary conditions and / or over time of the associated device according to the invention, and to further use them to verify whether the device according to the invention is sufficiently suitable for the intended purpose based on the assumed design and taking into account the assumed simulated influences. If the data agglomerate is processed by a data processing device that maps the simulation environment, it is possible to examine the behavior of the device according to the invention taking into account boundary conditions, in particular changing ones.This makes it possible, for example, to investigate centrifugal force effects in individual components of the device according to the invention as a function of different static and / or dynamic loads and / or different operating temperatures, whereby such simulation results can be incorporated into the preparation of a fatigue strength verification and / or a structure-borne sound vibration analysis. Preferably, the simulation results obtained after processing the data agglomerate in the data processing device for the simulation environment are stored in order to compare them with measurement data determined on an actually produced device according to the invention and / or on a prototype of the device according to the invention. This makes it possible to assess the quality of the simulation results obtained with the aid of the data agglomerate and / or, in particular in the case of particularly significant deviations, to identify measurement errors and / or an erroneous measurement.Non-destructive quality control of the device according to the invention is thereby simplified and improved.

[0039] The data agglomerate enables the cost-effective production of prototypes and / or computer-based simulations to study the functionality of the rotating body and / or the holding tool, identify problems in the specific application, and find improvements. The solution to the problem underlying the invention can be easily and cost-effectively verified using the data agglomerate.

[0040] The invention will be explained below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings using preferred embodiments, wherein the features presented below can represent an aspect of the invention both individually and in combination. They show:

[0041] Fig. 1 : a schematic perspective view of a wind turbine,

[0042] Fig. 2: a schematic detailed view of a housing base arrangement of the wind turbine from Fig. 1,

[0043] Fig. 3: a schematic detailed view of the housing base arrangement from Fig. 2 with the real load path shown,

[0044] Fig. 4: a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of the support plates of the housing base arrangement from Fig. 2,

[0045] Fig. 5: a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of the support plates of the housing base arrangement from Fig. 2,

[0046] Fig. 6: a schematic plan view of a third embodiment of the support plates of the housing base arrangement from Fig. 2 and

[0047] Fig. 7: a schematic plan view of a support plate of the housing foot arrangement from Fig. 2.

[0048] The wind turbine 10 shown in Fig. 1 can be used to generate electrical energy from wind power. For this purpose, the wind turbine 10 has a rotor 12 that can be rotated by wind power. The rotor 12 is coupled to a drive train 14. For this purpose, the rotor 12 is connected to a rotor shaft 16, which is coupled within the drive train 14 to a gearbox 18 in order to convert the torque introduced via the rotor 12 and the rotor shaft 16. The torque converted in the gearbox 18 is fed to an electrical machine 20 operated in generator mode. The electrical energy generated by the electrical machine 20 can be fed to a rechargeable battery and / or a power grid. In the illustrated embodiment, the drive train 14 is entirely housed in a nacelle 22, which is attached to an upper free end of a tower 24.

[0049] As shown in Fig. 2, a housing 26 of the drive train 14, in particular the housing 26 of the electric machine 20 and / or the housing 26 of the transmission 18, can be fastened to a base 30 via a housing foot arrangement 28. The base 30 can be formed, in particular, by the nacelle 22 or a machine support supported on the nacelle 22. Alternatively, the housing foot arrangement 28 can also support a housing 26 of a drive train 14 intended for an application other than wind turbines 10, for example, an industrial application. In this case, the base 30 can be, for example, a concrete foundation.

[0050] In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the housing base arrangement 28 has a support plate 32 which lies flat against the base 30 and which has a hole pattern 34 with a through-opening 36 in order to be able to screw the support plate 32 to the base 30. A first support plate 38 and a second support plate 40 which is spaced parallel to a main axis of rotation of the drive train 14 are fastened, in particular welded, to the support plate 32 on their respective narrow sides. The first support plate 38 and the second support plate 40 are connected, in particular welded, to the oscillatory housing 26. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first support plate 38 lies flat against a lateral surface of the housing 26 with a narrow side, while the second support plate 40 lies flat against an end face of the housing 26 with a main side.The first support plate 38 and / or the second support plate 40 can have slots 42, which, for example, are straight and / or can begin at an edge of a free narrow side of the support plate 38, 40. The slots 42 can intersect a load path within the support plate 38, 40 that would otherwise be present without slots 42. Preferably, the respective slot 42 extends beyond half the width of the main sides of the support plate 38, 40. In particular, the slots 42 are provided alternately in the direction of the load path, so that a serpentine, winding real load path 44 is created in the support plate 38, 40, as shown in Fig. 3.

[0051] In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 2, it is shown by way of example on the first support plate 38 that the first support plate 38 can have an auxiliary plate 46 that projects essentially parallel to the support plate 32. The auxiliary plate 46 can introduce bending moments into the remaining first support plate 38 in the manner of a cantilever plate, which bending moments were introduced into the auxiliary plate 46 from the oscillatory housing 26 via a projecting nose 48. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the auxiliary plate 46 can come into contact with the same main side via two spaced-apart noses 48. Preferably, the auxiliary plate 46 also has slots 42, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are designed as pockets that are open only towards a single narrow side.

[0052] As shown in Fig. 4, all slots 42 of the support plates 38, 40, including the auxiliary plate 46, can be straight. In principle, it is possible for at least one of the slots 42 to extend to an edge and be open toward this edge. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible for at least one of the slots 42 to be designed as a completely closed through-opening.

[0053] As shown in Fig. 5, at least one of the slots 42 can have a wave-shaped and / or zig-zag pattern. Particularly preferably, a plurality of wave-shaped and / or zig-zag-shaped slots 42 are provided, in which the frequency and / or amplitude differs along an average orientation of the slot 42, which can represent a centerline for the deflections of the slot 42. The damping of different frequencies of vibrations leading to structure-borne sound can thereby be improved.

[0054] As shown in Fig. 6 as an example, all slots 42 can be designed as closed

[0055] through opening. Alternatively, all of the slots 42 can be designed to be open to one side. In addition, it is possible to provide different shapes of slots 42 in a common housing base arrangement 28, in particular within the same support plate 38, 40. In addition, it is possible for at least one slot 42 to be continuous from one main side to the other main side of the support plate 38, 40 and / or for a slot 42 without a connection to a main side of the support plate 38, 40 to be designed as a pocket open only to one narrow side. In addition, it is possible to vary the average orientation of the respective slots 42. The average orientation of adjacent slots 42 can run parallel to one another or at an angle to one another.

[0056] As shown in Fig. 7, slots 42 can also be provided in the support plate 32, which can contribute to vibration damping in order to reduce the radiation of audible structure-borne sound, without requiring the provision of an elastomeric or rubber-like damping material in a load path between the housing 26 and the substrate 30. Vibration damping of structure-borne sound can be achieved exclusively with the aid of metallic components that are deliberately designed to be elastically flexible thanks to the slots 42.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Housing base arrangement (28) for fastening a housing (26) of a drive train (14) to a base (30), with a support plate (38, 40) which can be engaged on the housing (26) for absorbing weight forces and with a support plate (32) connected to the support plate (38, 40) for fastening and supporting the base (30), wherein the support plate (38, 40) has a plurality of slots (42) extending into a direct load path between the housing (26) and the support plate (32), characterized in that the slots (42) are provided for vibration damping of audible structure-borne sound in a frequency range audible to humans and / or for shifting vibration frequencies into a frequency range inaudible to humans.

2. Housing base arrangement (28) according to claim 1, wherein in order to set a spring constant of the support plate (38, 40) a material thickness of the support plate (38, 40) and in order to set a maximum vibration amplitude of a partial area within a sheet plane of the support plate (38, 40) a slot width of the slots (42) are matched to one another in such a way that sheet metal parts of the support plate (38, 40) facing one another via the respective slot (42) are designed to be elastically freely vibratable relative to one another for vibration damping of structure-borne sound and abutment of adjacent partial areas separated from one another only via the respective slot (42) is prevented.

3. Housing base arrangement (28) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the slots (42) has a straight course and / or at least one of the slots (42) has a curved course and / or at least one of the slots (42) has a zigzag shaped course and / or at least one of the slots (42) has a wave-shaped course and / or at least one of the slots (42) has a course composed of different courses.

4. Housing base arrangement (28) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the slots (42) is open towards an edge of the support plate (38, 40) and / or at least one of the slots (42) is formed completely closed within the support plate within the support plate (38, 40).

5. The housing base assembly (28) of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an average orientation of the slots (42) is substantially perpendicular to the direct load path.

6. Housing base arrangement (28) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the support plate (38) has an auxiliary plate (46) projecting substantially parallel to the support plate (32), wherein the auxiliary plate (46) is provided via at least one nose (48) connectable to the housing (26) for absorbing weight forces and / or structure-borne sound.

7. Housing base arrangement (28) according to claim 6, wherein the auxiliary plate (46) has a plurality of slots (42) extending into a direct load path between the nose (48) and the remaining support plate (38) for vibration damping of structure-borne sound.

8. Housing foot arrangement (28) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a first support plate (38) for flat contact with a lateral surface of the housing (26) via a narrow side of the first support plate (38) and a second support plate (40) spaced from the first support plate (38) via the support plate (32) are provided for flat contact with an end face of the housing (26) via a main side of the second support plate (40)c.

9. Housing base arrangement (28) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a plurality of slots (42) are provided one after the other in the thickness direction between the main sides of the support plate (38, 40) and / or the auxiliary plate (46).

10. Housing base assembly (28) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the support plate (32) has a hole pattern (34) for attachment to the substrate (30) and at least one slot (42) for vibration damping of structure-borne sound.

11. Drive train (14), in particular for a wind turbine (10), with an electrical machine (20), in particular a generator for generating electrical energy from wind power, and a base (30) for supporting loads, wherein a housing (26) of the electrical machine (20) is fastened to the base (30) via a housing base arrangement (28) according to one of claims 1 to 10.

12. Drive train (14), in particular for a wind turbine (10), with a gearbox (18) for converting a speed and / or a torque and a base (30) for supporting loads, wherein a housing (28) of the gearbox (18) is fastened to the base (30) via a housing base arrangement (28) according to one of claims 1 to 10.

13. Drive train (14) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the base (30) is part of an oscillating nacelle (22) of the wind turbine (10) or part of a machine support connected to the oscillating nacelle (22) of the wind turbine (10).

14. Drive train (14) according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein exclusively metal components are provided in a load path between the housing (26) and the substrate (30).

15. Data agglomerate with data packets summarized in a common file or distributed across different files for mapping the three-dimensional shape design and / or the interactions of all components provided in the housing base arrangement (28) according to one of claims 1 to 10 or the drive train (14) according to one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the data packets are prepared for the purpose of additive manufacturing of the components of the housing base arrangement (28) or the drive train (14), in particular by 3D printing, when processed by a data processing device for operating a machine tool for the additive manufacturing of devices,to carry out and / or, when processed by a data processing device for carrying out a technical simulation, to carry out a simulation of the functioning of the housing base arrangement (28) or of the drive train (14) and to output the simulation results generated thereby for further use, in particular for the purpose of providing a fatigue strength verification and / or a structure-borne sound vibration analysis as a function of changing loads and / or changing temperature loads.

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