Dispersion flash-spinning device and method

Abstract

A dispersion flash-spinning device and method. The device comprises a reaction container (100), a negative pressure pumping apparatus (200) and a heating apparatus (300); the reaction container (100) is provided with a first connecting opening (1), a second connecting opening (2) and a third connecting opening (3); the first connecting opening (1) and the second connecting opening (2) are located opposite to each other; a spinning spinneret (400) is connected to the first connecting opening (1), a deflection apparatus (500) is connected to the second connecting opening (2), and the negative pressure pumping device (200) is connected to the third connecting opening (3).

Description

Dispersed flash spinning device and method Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fiber manufacturing, and in particular to a device and method for dispersed flash spinning. Background Art

[0002] Flash spinning technology is a method for preparing nanofiber nonwovens. Its principle is to dissolve the fiber-forming polymer in an appropriate solvent under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a uniform spinning solution, and then spray the solution from the spinneret. After spraying, the pressure suddenly drops to normal pressure, the solvent evaporates instantly due to overheating and generates a large amount of airflow. While the polymer is cooling, it is stretched to form nanofiber bundles. The direction of movement of the bundle can be changed by equipment such as baffles, and before reaching the receiving device, it passes through a high-voltage electrostatic field so that each fiber is charged and separated from each other, and then undergoes processes such as laying and fixing the net to form a nonwoven fabric.

[0003] The key to flash tow formation lies in the spinneret design and the small area immediately after the solution exits the spinneret. At this point, the solution is ejected forward at a high velocity, undergoing rapid solvent evaporation and polymer fiber formation. However, the rapid velocity of the polymer solution after exiting the spinneret results in incomplete solvent evaporation, leaving residual solvent between fibers and between fibers and the membrane in the tow. This residual solvent can cause the fiber tow to adhere, resulting in incomplete dispersion during subsequent processing, thus affecting subsequent processing and product performance.

[0004] Patent 202111521830.5 discloses a flash spinning device based on a multi-dimensional steering plate and a spinning method thereof. This method uses multiple metal plates arranged between the spinneret and the conveying device to realize the physical step-by-step fiber division and fiber direction distribution of the fiber bundle. However, the equipment used in this method is relatively complex, and the fibers are difficult to control during the steering process.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for dispersed flash spinning, which has a simple structure and can solve the technical problems of fiber bundle adhesion and uneven dispersion caused by incomplete solvent volatilization during the flash spinning forming process.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a dispersed flash spinning device, which is connected to a spinning spinneret and a deflection device, and includes a reaction container, a negative pressure extraction device and a heating device for controlling the temperature of the reaction container. The reaction container is provided with a first interface, a second interface and a third interface. The first interface is opposite to the second interface. The first interface is connected to the spinning spinneret, the second interface is connected to the deflection device, and the third interface is connected to the negative pressure extraction device.

[0008] Preferably, the reaction container is in a cube shape, the first interface and the second interface are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the reaction container, and the third interface is arranged on an adjacent side of the plane where the first interface or the second interface is located.

[0009] Preferably, the first interface and the second interface are arranged at the same horizontal position of the reaction container.

[0010] Preferably, the reaction container is further provided with a fourth interface, the fourth interface is connected to the negative pressure extraction device, and the fourth interface is opposite to the third interface.

[0011] Preferably, the heating device controls the temperature of the reaction container to be 40-100°C.

[0012] Preferably, the negative pressure extraction device controls the pressure of the reaction container to be 5-80 kPa.

[0013] Preferably, the heating device includes a plurality of heating plates, and the plurality of heating plates are respectively attached to the plane where the first interface, the second interface, the third interface and the fourth interface are located.

[0014] In order to achieve the same purpose, the present invention also provides a method based on the dispersed flash spinning equipment, first preparing a spinning solution, the spinning solution is sprayed out from the spinning spinneret, enters the reaction vessel from the first interface, the negative pressure extraction device extracts the gas from the reaction vessel, the heating device heats the temperature of the reaction vessel, the spinning solvent evaporates to form dispersed fiber bundles, and the fiber bundles enter the deflection device from the second interface.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the dispersed flash spinning device of the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] When a dispersed flash spinning device according to an embodiment of the present invention is in use, the spinning solution is ejected from the spinning nozzle and then enters the reaction vessel from the first interface. The negative pressure extraction device connected to the third interface sucks gas to reduce the pressure in the reaction vessel to form a negative pressure state. The heating device heats the reaction vessel to increase the temperature in the container, so that the spinning solvent evaporates instantly after passing through the reaction vessel, reducing the adhesion between the fibers. Under the negative pressure and high temperature state, the spinning solution can form more dispersed fiber bundles, thereby reducing the solvent content in the formed nanofibers. The fiber bundles then enter the deflection device from the second interface and continue the subsequent process flow. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dispersed flash spinning device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the reaction container, the spinning nozzle and the deflection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure, 100, reaction container; 1, first interface; 2, second interface; 3, third interface; 4, fourth interface; 200, negative pressure extraction device; 300, heating device; 400, spinning nozzle; 500, deflection device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0021] In describing the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used to describe various types of information. However, such information should not be limited to these terms; these terms are merely used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, "first" information could also be referred to as "second" information, and similarly, "second" information could also be referred to as "first information" without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0023] As shown in Figures 1-2, a dispersed flash spinning device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is connected to a spinning nozzle 400 and a deflection device 500, which includes a reaction vessel 100, a negative pressure extraction device 200 and a heating device 300 for controlling the temperature of the reaction vessel 100. The reaction vessel 100 is provided with a first interface 1, a second interface 2 and a third interface 3. The first interface 1 is opposite to the second interface 2. The first interface 1 is connected to the spinning nozzle 400, the second interface 2 is connected to the deflection device 500, and the third interface 3 is connected to the negative pressure extraction device 200.

[0024] Based on the above technical solution, this embodiment opens a first interface 1 and a second interface 2 on opposite sides of the reaction vessel 100 for connecting the spinning nozzle 400 and the deflection device 500 respectively, and opens a third interface 3 for connecting the negative pressure device 200. When the device is used, the spinning solution is ejected from the spinning nozzle 400 and then enters the reaction vessel 100 from the first interface 1. The negative pressure device 200 sucks gas to reduce the pressure in the reaction vessel 100 to form a negative pressure state. The heating device 300 heats the reaction vessel 100 to increase the temperature in the container, so that the spinning solvent will evaporate instantly after passing through the reaction vessel 100, thereby reducing the solvent content in the formed nanofibers and forming more dispersed fiber bundles. The fiber bundles then enter the deflection device 500 from the second interface 2 and continue the subsequent process flow. The device of this embodiment can adjust the negative pressure range of the reaction container 100 by controlling the negative pressure extraction device 200, and adjust the temperature range of the reaction container 100 by controlling the heating device 300, so that the spinning solvent can be fully evaporated, thereby preventing the residual spinning solvent from causing the nanofibers to stick together, and improving the quality of the prepared nanofibers.

[0025] More specifically, in this embodiment, the reaction vessel 100 is designed as a rectangular parallelepiped, elliptical or similar shaped chamber, which is a hollow structure with a wall thickness of 1-3 mm and a volume of 1000-50000 cm 3 The chamber has openings on the front, back, left and right sides, namely the first interface 1, the second interface 2 and the third interface 3. The shape of the openings can be circular (diameter 10mm-50mm), square (side length 10mm-60mm), rectangular (length 20mm-80mm, width 10mm-50mm) or irregular (area 100-1500mm). 2 ), the first interface 1 and the second interface 2 can be in the middle or at the edge of each surface of the chamber. Among them, the first interface 1 in the front of the chamber allows the fiber bundle to enter, and the second interface 2 with the opening at the back allows the fiber bundle to be ejected; the third interfaces 3 on the left and right are used to connect a suction pump to suck the gas to generate a certain negative pressure in the chamber. A heating device is installed outside or inside the chamber to increase the temperature of the chamber. The first interface 1 with the opening at the front is connected to the nozzle, and the second interface 2 with the opening at the back is aligned with the deflection device 500. It can also have a certain distance from the nozzle (0-20mm), and the opening at the back is aligned with the fiber deflection device. The chamber of the device can generate negative pressure during spinning, and the heating device can make the equipment have a certain temperature. The negative pressure and high temperature state are conducive to the volatilization of the solvent during the flash fiber bundle formation process, and the pressure and temperature can be adjusted within a certain range.

[0026] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the reaction container 100 in this embodiment is in a cube shape, the first interface 1 and the second interface 2 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the reaction container 100, and the third interface 3 is arranged on the adjacent side of the plane where the first interface 1 or the second interface 2 is located. The spinning solution enters the reaction container 100 from the first interface 1, and the solvent evaporates rapidly in the reaction container 100 under negative pressure and high temperature, which is more thorough than evaporation without the reaction container 100. The nanofibers formed by the cooling of the polymer will be more dispersed, and the fully dispersed fiber bundles come out from the second interface 2 opposite to the first interface 1 and then enter the deflection device 500.

[0027] More specifically, as shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the first interface 1 and the second interface 2 are arranged at the same horizontal position of the reaction vessel 100, that is, the positions of the first interface 1 and the second interface 2 are exactly opposite. When the spinning solution enters the reaction vessel 100 from the first interface 1, the direction in which the third interface 3 draws air is perpendicular to the movement direction of the fiber, which can make the solvent evaporate as fully as possible and reduce the solvent residue to form a dispersed fiber bundle.

[0028] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the reaction vessel 100 in this embodiment is further provided with a fourth port 4, which is connected to the negative pressure extraction device 200, and the fourth port 4 is located opposite to the third port 3. In this embodiment, negative pressure suction ports are formed on both sides of the vertical direction of the fiber movement to improve the negative pressure extraction effect and maximize the volatilization of the solvent.

[0029] Preferably, the heating device 300 in this embodiment controls the temperature of the reaction vessel 100 to be 40-100°C. The heating device 300 is installed outside or inside the reaction vessel 100 to control the surface temperature of the reaction vessel 100 to be 50-250°C, and to maintain the gas in the reaction vessel 100 at 40-100°C. Within this temperature range, the solvent evaporation effect is better, the solvent is fully volatilized, and the adhesion of the nanofibers caused by solvent residue is prevented.

[0030] More preferably, the negative pressure pumping device 200 in this embodiment controls the pressure of the reaction container 100 to be 5-80 kPa. Within this pressure range, the nanofibers formed by cooling the polymer are more dispersed and the quality of the formed fibers is better.

[0031] Furthermore, the heating device 300 in this embodiment includes multiple heating plates, which are respectively attached to the planes where the first interface 1, the second interface 2, the third interface 3 and the fourth interface 4 are located. The temperature of each position in the reaction container 100 can be accurately controlled through the heating plates.

[0032] In order to achieve the same purpose, the present invention also provides a method based on the dispersed flash spinning equipment, first preparing a spinning solution, the spinning solution is sprayed out from the spinning nozzle 400, and enters the reaction vessel 100 from the first interface 1, the negative pressure extraction device 200 extracts the gas from the reaction vessel 100, the heating device 300 heats the temperature of the reaction vessel 100, the spinning solvent evaporates to form dispersed fiber bundles, and the fiber bundles enter the deflection device 500 from the second interface 2.

[0033] The working process of the present invention is as follows: when the equipment is used, the spinning solution is ejected from the spinning nozzle and then enters the reaction vessel from the first interface. The negative pressure device sucks the gas to reduce the pressure in the reaction vessel to form a negative pressure state. The heating device heats the reaction vessel to increase the temperature in the container, so that the spinning solvent evaporates instantly after passing through the reaction vessel, thereby reducing the solvent content in the formed nanofibers and reducing the adhesion between fibers, so as to form more dispersed fiber bundles. The fiber bundles then enter the deflection device from the second interface and continue the subsequent process flow.

[0034] In summary, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for dispersed flash spinning, which controls the negative pressure range of the reaction container by controlling the negative pressure pumping device, and controls the temperature range of the reaction container by controlling the heating device, so that the spinning solvent can be fully evaporated, thereby preventing the residual spinning solvent from causing the nanofibers to stick together, and improving the quality of the prepared nanofibers.

[0035] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dispersed flash spinning device, connected with a spinning spinneret (400) and a deflection device (500), characterized in that: The invention comprises a reaction container (100), a negative pressure extraction device (200) and a heating device (300) for controlling the temperature of the reaction container (100); the reaction container (100) is provided with a first interface (1), a second interface (2) and a third interface (3); the first interface (1) and the second interface (2) are located opposite to each other; the first interface (1) is connected to the spinning spinneret (400); the second interface (2) is connected to the deflection device (500); and the third interface (3) is connected to the negative pressure extraction device (200).

2. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction container (100) is in a cubic shape, the first interface (1) and the second interface (2) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the reaction container (100), and the third interface (3) is arranged on an adjacent side of the plane where the first interface (1) or the second interface (2) is located.

3. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first interface (1) and the second interface (2) are arranged at the same horizontal position of the reaction container (100).

4. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reaction container (100) is further provided with a fourth interface (4), the fourth interface (4) being connected to the negative pressure extraction device (200), and the fourth interface (4) is located opposite to the third interface (3).

5. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating device (300) controls the temperature of the reaction container (100) to be 40-100°C.

6. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure extraction device (200) controls the pressure of the reaction container (100) to be 5-80 kPa.

7. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heating device (300) comprises a plurality of heating plates, and the plurality of heating plates are respectively attached to the plane where the first interface (1), the second interface (2), the third interface (3) and the fourth interface (4) are located.

8. A method for dispersed flash spinning, based on the dispersed flash spinning equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A spinning solution is first prepared, and the spinning solution is ejected from the spinning spinneret (400) and enters the reaction container (100) from the first interface (1). The negative pressure extraction device (200) extracts the gas from the reaction container (100), and the heating device (300) heats the temperature of the reaction container (100). The spinning solvent evaporates to form dispersed fiber bundles, and the fiber bundles enter the deflection device (500) from the second interface (2).

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