Electromagnetic water heater

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used, in particular, for economically heating water by induction. The technical result of the invention is that of increasing the operating efficiency of an electromagnetic water heater by reducing the consumption of electrical energy. This technical result is achieved in that in an electromagnetic water heater comprising an E-shaped magnetic core, a winding, a steel heating element, capacitors and switches, the middle leg of the E-shaped magnetic core has a split design, forming an air gap in which the steel heating element is disposed, and the winding is disposed on the middle leg of the magnetic core, the winding being connected via one switch to one capacitor and being connected in parallel to a source of AC current via the other capacitor and the other switch, which are connected in parallel.

Description

[0001] ELECTROMAGNETIC WATER HEATER

[0002] Field of technology

[0003] The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used, in particular, for economical heating of water by induction.

[0004] Prior art

[0005] An induction heater for fluid media is known from the prior art, disclosed in patent for invention RU 2263418, published on 27.10.2005, which comprises a flat ferromagnetic core with rods on which a primary winding is wound, connected to an alternating current source, and an electrically conductive secondary winding inductively coupled to the primary winding coil through the core, which is a heat exchanger for the fluid medium being heated, equipped with pipes for the input and output of the fluid medium being heated and made of tubular elements located in the plane of the turns of the primary winding coil, wherein the core rods are installed so that the turns of the primary winding coil are located in a vertical plane, characterized in that each tubular element is made in the form of a turn forming a closed loop around the corresponding core rod, wherein the sections of the tubular elements located in the intercoil space are made truncated,and the truncated sections of the tubular elements, covering adjacent rods and located in the same vertical plane, are connected to each other inseparably.

[0006] The disadvantages of this technical solution are low efficiency due to the high consumption of electrical energy to create a magnetic flux due to the demagnetizing effect on the magnetic circuit of the magnetizing force of the secondary tubular short-circuited winding, which is a heat exchanger.

[0007] The closest to the claimed invention in terms of the set of essential features is the induction electric water heater described in the patent for invention RU 2191954, published on 27.10.2002, which contains an inductor and a ferromagnetic tube covered by it, connected to cold and warm water pipelines, in which four pipes are additionally installed, located coaxially to each other to form an internal, middle and external capacity, while the inductors are located in the gaps between the internal and external capacity, and the internal capacity is connected to a superheated or dry steam water supply. The disadvantage of this electric water heater is its low efficiency due to the use of air coils as an inductor.

[0008] Disclosure of a utility model

[0009] The technical result, which the claimed invention is aimed at achieving, is an increase in the efficiency of the electromagnetic water heater by reducing the consumption of electrical energy.

[0010] The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in an electromagnetic water heater containing a Ш-shaped magnetic circuit, a winding, a steel heating element, capacitors and keys, the middle rod of the Ш-shaped magnetic circuit is made detachable with the formation of an air gap in which the steel heating element is located, and the winding is located on the middle rod of the magnetic circuit and is connected through a key to one capacitor and through a second capacitor and key connected in parallel to each other in parallel to an alternating current source.

[0011] The electromagnetic water heater is based on a Ш-shaped magnetic circuit with an open middle rod on which the winding is located. Thus, a Ш-shaped choke is obtained. A container made of ordinary non-electrical steel with a low temperature is placed in the formed air gap of the middle rod of this choke. The magnetic flux formed by the choke creates eddy currents in the steel walls of the container, heating the latter, which, in turn, heats the liquid inside.

[0012] The capacitors present in the circuit are intended to compensate for the reactive power of inductive nature created by the choke.

[0013] The magnetic field of the induction coil used to create eddy currents in the steel heating element of all induction heaters, including the claimed one, has several characteristics:

[0014] 1. Magnetic field strength H = I • N / £, (A turns / m), where I is the current strength (A), N is the number of turns of the coil, £ is the length of the magnetic line (M);

[0015] 2. Magnetic induction - characterizes the intensity of the magnetic field taking into account the external environment B = μ • μo • H (T), where μ is the magnetic permeability of the medium (H / m), μo is the magnetic constant corresponding to the magnetic permeability of a vacuum and equal to 4π • 10 7 (Ohm • sec. / m). So, when the magnetic field is created by an air winding, the air z is small and approximately equal to 1, therefore, the value of magnetic induction is affected only by the current strength and the number of turns. In both cases, only the electrical power and, as a consequence, the consumption of electrical energy affect the achievement of the required value of magnetic induction.

[0016] The claimed invention proposes to achieve the required value of magnetic induction by using a winding with a core (magnetic circuit) made of electrical steel or ferrites, the value of which reaches several thousand Ohm • sec / m, due to which the required value of magnetic induction is achieved with significantly lower electrical power, and as a consequence, the consumption of electrical energy is reduced. At a frequency of 50-400 Hz, electrical steel 3411-3415 is used. At a frequency of 30-40 kHz, ferrite cores M 2000 and M 3000 are used.

[0017] In addition, the presence of capacitors allows for compensation of the inductive reactive power created by the choke, which entails a reduction in electricity costs.

[0018] Brief description of drawing figures

[0019] The essence of the invention is explained by drawings, where: Fig. 1 shows an electromagnetic water heater, side view; Fig. 2 - view A in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 shows a basic electrical circuit diagram of an electromagnetic water heater.

[0020] Embodiment of the invention

[0021] The electromagnetic water heater contains a Ш-shaped magnetic circuit 1, a steel heating element 2, a winding 3, capacitors 4, 5 and switches 6, 7, wherein the winding 3 is located on the middle rod of the magnetic circuit 1 and is connected in parallel to an alternating current source through switch 7 to one capacitor 5 and through a second capacitor 4 and switch 6 connected in parallel to each other, and the steel heating element 2 is located in the air gap of the middle rod.

[0022] The electromagnetic water heater operates as follows. The alternating sinusoidal voltage of the source is supplied to the winding 3, as a result of which a current of predominantly inductive nature begins to flow in the circuit. This causes the appearance of a working magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit 1, which, flowing through the steel heating element 2, causes strong eddy currents in it, as a result of which the steel heating element 2 is intensively heated and heats the water flowing inside it. Capacitors 4 and 5 compensate for the reactive power of inductive nature created by the choke, and switches 6 and 7 switch the capacitors with the circuit.

Claims

CLAUSE OF THE INVENTION An electromagnetic water heater characterized by the fact that it contains a PT-shaped magnetic circuit, a winding, a steel heating element, capacitors and keys, wherein the middle rod of the Ш-shaped magnetic circuit is made detachable with the formation of an air gap in which the steel heating element is located, and the winding is located on the middle rod of the magnetic circuit and is connected through a key to one capacitor and through a second capacitor and key connected in parallel to each other in parallel to an alternating current source,

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