Coupler knuckle and manufacturing method therefor, and railway vehicle

Abstract

A coupler knuckle and a manufacturing method therefor, and a railway vehicle. The coupler knuckle comprises a coupler knuckle portion (100) and a connecting portion (200), which are connected to one another. The coupler knuckle portion (100) comprises a coupler knuckle body (110), an upper traction flange (120) and a lower traction flange (130), the upper traction flange (120) and the lower traction flange (130) being disposed at two sides of the coupler knuckle body (110), respectively, and the radius of the upper traction flange (120) being smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange (130). The connecting part (200) is used for connecting to a coupler body.

Description

Hook tongue and manufacturing method thereof, and railway vehicle

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311571090.5 filed on November 23, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of railway vehicles, and particularly relates to a coupler tongue, a manufacturing method thereof, and a railway vehicle. Background Art

[0004] Railway vehicles are mainly composed of a car body, running gear, braking system, coupler and buffer device, and vehicle internal equipment. The coupler is an important component of the coupler buffer device. The coupler is used to realize the connection between the railway locomotive (locomotive) and the railway vehicle or between railway vehicles, transmit traction and impact force, and maintain a certain distance between railway vehicles. The coupler tongue can be divided into cast hook tongue and forged hook tongue according to different processing technologies. In order to increase the service life of the coupler tongue, the weak position of the cast hook tongue is generally reinforced. Compared with the cast hook tongue, the forged hook tongue can eliminate the internal defects such as structural shrinkage and sand inclusion that cannot be avoided in casting, and can better adapt to heavy load requirements.

[0005] According to the common faults of the hook tongue, under heavy-load transportation conditions, whether it is a cast hook tongue or a forged hook tongue, the crack rate in the key areas (the S surface of the hook tongue and the arc at the root of the upper and lower traction flanges) is relatively high, which seriously affects the life of the hook tongue.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the crack rate in the key areas, namely the S-surface of the coupler tongue and the arc at the root of the upper and lower traction flanges, is high, which seriously affects the service life of the coupler tongue, the present disclosure provides a coupler tongue, a manufacturing method thereof, and a railway vehicle.

[0008] A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a hook knuckle comprising a knuckle portion and a connecting portion connected to each other. The knuckle portion comprises a knuckle body, an upper traction flange, and a lower traction flange, the upper traction flange and the lower traction flange being respectively disposed on either side of the knuckle body, the radius of the upper traction flange being smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange. The connecting portion is configured to connect to the hook body.

[0009] A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a railway vehicle comprising the coupler knuckle according to the first aspect.

[0010] A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing the hook tongue according to the first aspect, wherein the hook tongue is processed by a casting process so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange.

[0011] The fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides another method for manufacturing the hook tongue based on the first aspect, which is processed by a forging process, and the inner side surfaces of the upper traction flange and the lower traction flange are polished so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] FIG1 shows a perspective view of a hook knuckle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0013] FIG2 shows a second perspective view of a hook knuckle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG3 shows a perspective view of a hook knuckle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0015] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram showing the location of a half-cut pin hole of a hook knuckle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure numerals: 100, hook tongue portion; 101, first root arc; 102, second root arc; 110, hook tongue body; 120, upper traction flange; 130, lower traction flange; 200, connecting portion; 210, pin hole; 211, first connecting hole; 212, second connecting hole; 213, third connecting hole; 214, first conical surface; 215, second conical surface; 300, S surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present disclosure more clearly, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG1 shows a perspective view of a hook knuckle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; FIG2 shows a perspective view of a hook knuckle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; FIG3 shows a perspective view of a hook knuckle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and FIG4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the location of a half-sectioned pinhole of a hook knuckle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG1-FIG4 , a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a hook knuckle, comprising a hook knuckle portion 100 and a connecting portion 200. The hook knuckle portion 100 comprises a hook knuckle body 110, an upper traction flange 120, and a lower traction flange 130. The upper traction flange 120 and the lower traction flange 130 are respectively disposed on either side of the hook knuckle body 110, with the radius of the upper traction flange 120 being smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange 130. The connecting portion 200 is connected to the body 110 and is used to connect to the hook body.

[0019] According to a hook tongue of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radius of the upper traction flange 120 is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange 130. When used in conjunction with the traction flange of the hook body, the upper traction flange 120 first contacts the traction flange of the hook body, thereby avoiding the lower traction flange 130 with a weaker structure from being subjected to force first. This largely solves the problem that in the event of an overload, when most of the load is concentrated on the lower traction flange 130, the lower traction flange 130 is prone to cracking, thereby improving the service life of the hook tongue.

[0020] In some embodiments, a first root arc 101 transitions between the inner side of the upper traction flange 120 and the top of the knuckle body 110, and a second root arc 102 transitions between the inner side of the lower traction flange 130 and the bottom of the knuckle body 110. In some embodiments, the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102 are polished to eliminate folds, localized depressions, or knife marks caused by surface oxide scale on the first and second root arcs 101, 102, thereby reducing surface stress and improving the fatigue strength of the knuckle.

[0021] In some embodiments, an S-surface 300 is provided between the hook knuckle body 110 and the connecting portion 200, and the S-surface 300 is polished. Polishing the S-surface 300 can eliminate folds and localized depressions or knife marks caused by surface oxide scale on the S-surface 300, reduce surface stress, and improve the fatigue strength of the hook knuckle.

[0022] In some embodiments, the grinding process is performed in a direction that is consistent with the direction of the principal stress on the hook knuckle. By aligning the grinding process with the direction of the principal stress on the hook knuckle, the stress conditions in key areas of the hook knuckle can be improved, thereby increasing the service life of the hook knuckle.

[0023] In some embodiments, the roughness of the polishing process is required to be less than Ra25. Roughness generally refers to surface roughness, which refers to the small pitches and minor peak-to-valley irregularities on the machined surface. Surface roughness affects the wear resistance of parts. The rougher the surface, the smaller the effective contact area between the mating surfaces, the greater the pressure, and the faster the wear. A roughness of less than Ra25 is required to eliminate folds, localized depressions, or tool marks caused by surface oxide scale, reduce surface stress, and improve the fatigue strength of the hook tongue.

[0024] In some embodiments, the radius of the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102 are both 8-10 mm. The larger the radius of the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102, the less stress therein. However, if the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102 are too large, they may interfere with the traction flange of the hook body. Therefore, the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102 are preferably 8-10 mm, which reduces stress therein while ensuring no interference with the traction flange of the hook body.

[0025] In some embodiments, the connecting portion 200 is provided with a pin hole 210, which includes a first connecting hole 211, a second connecting hole 212, and a third connecting hole 213, which are arranged in sequence. The first connecting hole 211 and the third connecting hole 213 have the same diameter, and the diameter of the second connecting hole 212 is larger than the diameter of the first connecting hole 211. By setting the first connecting hole 211 and the third connecting hole 213 to have the same diameter, and the diameter of the second connecting hole 212 is larger than the diameter of the first connecting hole 211, this structure, which is smaller at both ends and larger in the middle, can increase the thickness between the S-surface 300 and the pin hole 210 compared to a straight hole, while ensuring a larger pin size to increase connection strength, thereby reducing the stress level at this location.

[0026] In some embodiments, a first tapered surface 214 transitions between the second connection hole 212 and the first connection hole 211, and a second tapered surface 215 transitions between the second connection hole 212 and the third connection hole 213. Transitions between the first tapered surface 214 and the second tapered surface 215 increase the thickness between the increased S-surface 300 and the pin hole 210 at the transition point, compared to a vertical step transition, thereby reducing stress levels at that point, facilitating tool retraction during machining of the second connection hole 212, and improving machining convenience.

[0027] In some embodiments, the angle between the first tapered surface 214 and the axis of the second connecting hole 212 is 20° to 30°. The angle between the second tapered surface 215 and the axis of the second connecting hole 212 is 20° to 30°. This 20° to 30° angle allows for universal machining tools to be used, allowing the pin hole 210 to be machined using these tools, improving the device's applicability.

[0028] The operating principle of the coupler knuckle proposed in the disclosed embodiments is as follows: Because the radius of the upper traction flange 120 is smaller than that of the lower traction flange 130, when used in conjunction with the traction flange of the hook body, the upper traction flange 120 contacts the traction flange of the hook body first, preventing the structurally weaker lower traction flange 130 from being subjected to stress first. This largely resolves the problem of cracking and damage caused by concentrated unbalanced loads on the lower traction flange 130. By polishing the first root arc 101, the second root arc 102, and the S-surface 300, folds, localized depressions, or knife marks caused by surface oxide scale are eliminated, reducing surface stress and improving the fatigue strength of the coupler knuckle. The second connecting hole 212 and the first connecting hole 211 are transitioned through the first conical surface 214, and the second connecting hole 212 and the third connecting hole 213 are transitioned through the second conical surface 215. Compared with the vertical step transition, the thickness between the S surface 300 and the pin hole 210 at the transition point can be increased, thereby reducing the stress level there, and at the same time facilitating the tool withdrawal during the processing of the second connecting hole 212 and improving the convenience of processing.

[0029] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a railway vehicle is provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, comprising the coupler knuckle according to the first aspect.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the railway vehicles disclosed herein, the upper traction flange 120 of the coupler tongue contacts the traction flange of the hook body first, avoiding the structurally weaker lower traction flange 130 from being subjected to force first. This largely solves the problem of cracking that is prone to occur when the unbalanced load is concentrated on the lower traction flange 130, thereby improving the service life of the coupler tongue.

[0031] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for manufacturing a coupler knuckle according to the first aspect, wherein the coupler knuckle is processed by a casting process so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange. The pin hole structure is ensured by a pin hole core.

[0032] In some embodiments, the knuckle manufacturing method further includes: grinding the transition between the inner side surface of the upper traction flange and the top of the knuckle body to form a first root arc; grinding the transition between the inner side surface of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the knuckle body to form a second root arc; and grinding the S-surface formed between the knuckle body and the connecting portion, wherein the grinding direction is aligned with the direction of the principal stress acting on the knuckle. After grinding, the roughness of the S-surface must be less than Ra25.

[0033] In the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, another method for manufacturing the hook tongue based on the first aspect is provided, which is processed by a forging process, and the inner side surfaces of the upper traction flange and the lower traction flange are polished so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange.

[0034] In some embodiments, the method for manufacturing the hook knuckle further includes: boring the connecting portion with a special tool to obtain a pin hole with a first tapered surface and a second tapered surface.

[0035] In some embodiments, the knuckle manufacturing method further includes: grinding a first root arc formed at the transition between the inner side surface of the upper traction flange and the top of the knuckle body; grinding a second root arc formed at the transition between the inner side surface of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the knuckle body; and grinding an S-surface formed between the knuckle body and the connecting portion; the grinding direction being aligned with the direction of the principal stress acting on the knuckle. After grinding, the roughness must be less than Ra25.

[0036] In other embodiments, the first root arc, the second root arc and the S surface may be machined to have a roughness less than Ra25.

[0037] A hook tongue provided in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure has at least the following beneficial effects compared to related technologies: since the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange, when used in conjunction with the traction flange of the hook body, the upper traction flange first contacts the traction flange of the hook body, thereby avoiding the structurally weaker lower traction flange from being subjected to force first, and to a large extent solving the problem of cracking that is prone to occur when the unbalanced load is concentrated on the lower traction flange, thereby improving the service life of the hook tongue.

[0038] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0039] In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise" and "counterclockwise" indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present disclosure.

[0040] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connect," "fix," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, "fix" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean internal communication between two elements or an interaction between two elements. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this disclosure based on specific circumstances.

[0041] In addition, the terms "first," "second," and so on, used in this disclosure are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this disclosure, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0042] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hook tongue, comprising a hook tongue portion and a connecting portion connected to each other, wherein: The hook tongue portion comprises a hook tongue body, an upper traction flange and a lower traction flange, wherein the upper traction flange and the lower traction flange are respectively arranged on both sides of the hook tongue body, and the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange; The connecting portion is used to be connected to the hook body.

2. The hook knuckle according to claim 1, wherein: A first root arc is arranged between the upper traction flange and the hook knuckle body, and a second root arc is arranged between the lower traction flange and the hook knuckle body.

3. The hook knuckle according to claim 2, wherein: The roughness of the first root arc and the second root arc is less than Ra25.

4. The hook knuckle according to claim 1, wherein: An S surface is provided between the hook tongue body and the connecting portion.

5. The hook knuckle according to claim 4, wherein: The roughness of the S surface is less than Ra25.

6. The hook knuckle according to claim 2, wherein: The radii of the first root arc and the second root arc are both 8-10 mm.

7. The hook knuckle of claim 1, wherein: The connecting portion is provided with a pin hole, and the pin hole includes a first connecting hole, a second connecting hole and a third connecting hole which are arranged in sequence, the first connecting hole and the third connecting hole have the same diameter, and the diameter of the second connecting hole is larger than the diameter of the first connecting hole.

8. The hook knuckle according to claim 7, wherein: The second connection hole and the first connection hole are transitioned through a first conical surface, and the second connection hole and the third connection hole are transitioned through a second conical surface.

9. The hook knuckle according to claim 8, wherein: The included angle between the first conical surface and the axis of the second connecting hole is 20° to 30°; the included angle between the second conical surface and the axis of the second connecting hole is 20° to 30°.

10. A railway vehicle comprising the coupler knuckle according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A method for manufacturing a hook knuckle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hook knuckle is processed by a casting process so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange.

12. The method for manufacturing a hook knuckle according to claim 11, further comprising: Grinding the transition position between the inner side surface of the upper traction flange and the top of the hook knuckle body to form a first root arc; Grinding the transition position between the inner side surface of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the hook knuckle body to form a second root arc; and Grinding the S surface formed between the hook tongue body and the connecting portion; The grinding direction is consistent with the direction of the principal stress on the hook tongue.

13. A method for manufacturing a hook knuckle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The forging process is used for processing, and the inner side surface of the upper traction flange and the inner side surface of the lower traction flange are polished, so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange.

14. The method for manufacturing a hook knuckle according to claim 13, further comprising: The connecting portion is bored by a special tool to obtain a pin hole with a first conical surface and a second conical surface.

15. The method for manufacturing a hook knuckle according to claim 13, further comprising: A first root arc is formed by grinding the transition position between the inner side surface of the upper traction flange and the top of the hook tongue body; a second root arc is formed by grinding the transition position between the inner side surface of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the hook tongue body; an S surface formed between the hook tongue body and the connecting portion is ground; and the grinding direction is consistent with the direction of the principal stress on the hook tongue.

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