Control of a robot motor
The integrated controller for robot motors combines STO and SCB functions, reducing costs and space while ensuring reliable motor stopping and controlled braking, addressing the separate circuit requirements of existing systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/074682
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing robot control systems require separate circuits for safe torque off (STO) and short-circuit braking (SCB), increasing cost and circuit board space, and existing STO functions disable low-side power electronics, preventing SCB implementation.
A controller integrates STO and SCB functions into a single sub-controller, using power electronics to short-circuit the motor based on a brake request after STO is triggered, with low-side power electronics switched to achieve braking while high-side electronics remain open.
Reduces costs and circuit board space by integrating STO and SCB, ensuring reliable and efficient motor stopping with controlled braking, enhancing safety and reliability.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024074682_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Control of a robot motorTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a controller for (controlling) a motor of a robot (“robot motor” ) , a drive unit for a robot comprising the controller, a robot comprising the drive unit and a method for controlling a robot motor using the controller.BACKGROUND
[0002] EN 60204-1 and EN 61800-5-2 refer to so-called safe torque off function in robot control wherein the robot needs to stop as soon as possible when some emergency events happen.
[0003] This can be realized by cutting off the power to the motor in the controller circuit so as to prevent force-producing power from being provided to the motor.
[0004] In order to stop the robot more quickly, motor three-phase short-circuit braking realizes braking by short-circuiting the three-phase motor. When braking is required the motor controller will short-circuit the three-phase power supply of the motor, causing the motor to generate braking torque, thereby achieving the braking effect.
[0005] Such short-circuit braking normally uses a circuit which is independent from the safe torque off and will short the power terminals through resistors, relays and diodes.
[0006] Two completely independent circuits to realize safe torque off and short-circuit braking increases effort and cost. Furthermore the use of relays occupies circuit board space. Additionally the current safe torque off function will shut down all the power of the power electronics so the low side components will not be able to be controlled so that short-circuit braking cannot be realized.SUMMARY
[0007] The object of the present invention is to improve control of a robot, in particular one or more motors of a robot, preferably to de-power and brake the motor (s) , preferably reducing or avoiding one or more of the problems mentioned above. It may in particular be an aim or idea respectively of the present invention to simultaneously meet the functional safety requirements for the safe torque off circuit and the implementation requirements for the motor short-circuit braking function in one circuit. Additionally or alternatively it may be an aim or idea respectively of the present invention that, after the safe torque off function is triggered, the short-circuit braking function is triggered in a controlled manner to achieve fast stopping of the motor. Additionally or alternatively it may be an aim or idea respectively of the present invention that the short-circuit braking can only be triggered only after safe torque off is available.
[0008] This object, preferably one or more of these aims, is / are achieved in particular by a controller with the features of claim 1. Claims 11 -13 refer to a drive unit comprising a controller as described herein, a robot comprising the drive unit and a method for controlling a motor of a robot using a controller as described herein respectively. Sub-claims relate to advantageous embodiments.
[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention a controller for a motor of a robot, in particular a controller of a (drive unit comprising a motor of a) robot and / or for controlling the motor, comprises:
[0010] a power drive stage which comprises, preferably at least six, power electronics which at least temporarily drive the motor or are used for or adapted to this (purpose) respectively; and
[0011] a sub-controller, according to some embodiments a sub-controller structure, which at least temporarily generates driving signals for driving the power electronics (to drive the motor) or is used for or adapted to this (purpose) respectively.
[0012] According to some embodiments the motor is a polyphase motor, preferably a three-phase motor, comprising a plurality of electromagnets which are or can be electrically powered by the power electronics so as to (electromagnetically) drive (arotor of) the motor.
[0013] According to some embodiments the robot comprises a manipulator arm and / or a mobile base, wherein the motor preferably actuates a joint of the manipulator arm or a wheel of the mobile base or the like.
[0014] The present invention is particularly advantageous for such motors and robots due to their working conditions without being limited to such motors or robots.
[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention the sub-controller, preferably one or more electronic components, even more preferably electronic components of at least two safety chains, at least temporarily, in particular based on, preferably in reaction to, a stop request cut (s) off said driving signals so as to stop driving the motor or is / are used for or adapted to this (purpose) respectively.
[0016] According to some embodiments this may implement a so-called "Safe Torque Off” (STO) , preferably as defined in EN 60204-1. According to some embodiments stop driving the motor comprises, preferably is, preventing driving force-producing power accelerating the motor being provided to the motor, preferably preventing force-producing power being provided to the motor.
[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention the sub-controller at least temporarily, in particular based on, preferably in reaction to, a brake request switches some, preferably only a (real) subset, for example half and / or three, of the power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor or is used for or adapted to this (purpose) respectively.
[0018] According to some embodiments this may implement a so-called “Short Circuit Brake” (SCB) . According to some embodiments said short circuit brake of the motor comprises short-circuiting the, preferably three-phase, power supply of the motor, causing the motor to generate braking torque, thereby achieving a braking effect.
[0019] According to some embodiments by switching some of the power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor by the sub-controller, advantageously STO and SCB can be realized by the same sub-controller. Thus according to some embodiments it is not necessary to provide two independent circuits for STO and SCB. Accordingly, according to some embodiments costs can be reduced. According to some embodiments relays which occupy circuit board space are not necessary to realize SCB. According to some embodiments of the present invention STO and SCB are integrally realized by the power electronics.
[0020] According to some embodiments the brake request is triggered by the stop request and / or by an indication, preferably at least one feedback signal indicating, that cutting off of the driving signals has been established.
[0021] Accordingly, according to some embodiments the SCB is, preferably hardware, interlocked with STO (function) which preferably does not rely on firmware function. In other words according to some embodiments the SCB (function) will not take effect when STO is not triggered which can advantageously increase reliability.
[0022] According to some embodiments there is a configurable, preferably parametrized, delay before said brake request is triggered by the stop request and / or indication of cutting off the driving signals respectively. According to some embodiments this can improve robot (motor) behavior since first the drive force will be cut off and with a configurable delay short circuit braking will start.
[0023] According to some embodiments the sub-controller (electrically) powers (said) some of the power electronics by closing a switch so as to switch said power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor or is used for or adapted to this (purpose) respectively. In particular the sub-controller may comprise said switch.
[0024] Additionally or alternatively, according to some embodiments by switching the power electronics, in particular by closing the aforementioned switch, so as to short circuit brake the motor at least one resistor is electrically connected, preferably with said (switched) power electronics.
[0025] With one or both of these two features an advantageous short circuit braking can be realized.
[0026] According to some embodiments the driving signals are PWM ( “Pulse-Width Modulation” ) signals.
[0027] Additionally or alternatively, according to some embodiments the power electronics comprise high-side power electronics and low-side power electronics.
[0028] According to some embodiments the sub-controller switches the low-side power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor based on the brake request while the high-side power electronics are kept in open state. In other words, according to some embodiments the “some of the power electronics” which are switched by the sub-controller so as to short circuit brake the motor based on the brake request are the low-side power electronics of the power drive stage.
[0029] Additionally or alternatively, according to some embodiments the high-side power electronics and low-side power electronics comprise, preferably are, IGBTs ( “Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors” ) .
[0030] With one or more of these features a very advantageous STO and / or SCB can be realized.
[0031] According to some embodiments the sub-controller comprises at least two safety signal chains wherein at least one of said safety signal chains switches said some of the power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor based on, preferably in reaction to, the brake request or is used for or adapted to this (purpose) respectively. One or more of these safety signal chains may (each) comprise an SoC ( “System-on-Chip” ) .
[0032] According to some embodiments this may further increase safety.
[0033] According to some embodiments the sub-controller comprises at least one electronic component which cuts off driving signals for some of the power electronics based on a stop request, preferably one or more of the safety signal chains each comprises at least one electronic component which cuts off driving signals for some of the power electronics based on a stop request, according to some embodiments one of the safety signal chains comprises at least one electronic component, according to some embodiments a PWM buffer or the like, which cuts off driving signals for the high-side power electronics, and another one of the safety signal chains comprises at least one electronic component, according to some embodiments a (nother) PWM buffer or the like, which cuts off driving signals for the low-side power electronics, or is / are used for or adapted to this (purpose) respectively.
[0034] With this / these feature (s) a very advantageous STO and / or SCB can be realized.
[0035] According to some embodiments an electrical isolation, according to some embodiments comprising a PWM isolator, is located between the power drive stage and the sub-controller, in particular said electronic component (s) for cutting off driving signals for the power electronics.
[0036] Parts of the sub-controller, in particular said electronic component (s) for cutting off driving signals for the power electronics, can also be located behind isolation devices but this would require more isolation channel for control and feedback signals, thus increasing costs.
[0037] According to some embodiments the stop request is based on at least two signals, wherein preferably at least one of said signals is triggered by an emergency stop demand and / or at least one (other) of said signals is a monitor signal which may come from power circuit or another circuit which may cause dangerous failure. Preferably said at least two signals are logically ANDed (logically coupled in an AND-fashion) so that the stop request is triggered when all of said signals are positive or indicating respectively.
[0038] A controller in the sense of the present invention can in particular be embodied by or comprise hardware and / or software respectively, in particular one or more programs or program modules and / or one or more, preferably digital, processing units and / or electric components, in particular buffers, switches, microprocessor units, graphic cards or the like, preferably connected to a memory system and / or bus system data-or signalwise respectively. The controller can be adapted to process commands that are implemented as a program stored in a memory system, to receive input signals from a data bus and / or to output signals to a data bus. A memory system can comprise one or more, in particular different and / or digital, storage media, in particular optical, magnetic, solid-state and / or other non-volatile media. The program can be (designed or implemented in) such (away) that it embodies or is capable of executing a method described herein, so that the controller can carry out the steps of such a method and thus in particular can control the motor.
[0039] In one embodiment, one or more, in particular all, steps of the method are carried out completely or partially automatically, in particular by the controller.
[0040] Further advantages and features can be gathered from the dependent claims and the exemplary embodiments.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the disclosure will become evident and easy to be understood with reference to following drawings:
[0042] FIG. 1 shows a drive unit comprising a motor of a robot and a controller for said motor according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
[0043] FIG. 2 shows a method for controlling the motor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
[0044] Reference list
[0045] 10 SoC
[0046] 11 PWM buffer
[0047] 20 SoC
[0048] 21 PWM buffer
[0049] 29 short circuit braking module
[0050] 30 PWM isolator
[0051] 31 electrical isolation
[0052] 40 power drive stage
[0053] 41-43 high-side power electronics
[0054] 44-46 low-side power electronics
[0055] 50 motor
[0056] 100 sub-controller
[0057] 101, 102 monitor
[0058] pwm_h high-side PWM pulse signal
[0059] pwm_l low-side PWM pulse signal
[0060] PWM_h high-side PWM drive signal
[0061] PWM_l low-side PWM drive signal
[0062] R resistor
[0063] S1-S3 switch
[0064] SCB_CTRL brake request
[0065] STOA, STOB stop request
[0066] STOA_FB, STOB_FB feedback signal
[0067] STO_A, STO_B emergency stop
[0068] V_STO, V_PU electric energyDETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0069] Fig. 1 shows a drive unit comprising a motor 50 of a robot (the robot not shown in further detail) and a controller for said motor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
[0070] The controller comprises a power drive stage 40 comprising three high-side power electronics 41-43 and three low-side power electronics 44-46, for example IGBTs or other power electronics, for driving motor 50. IGBTs can also be implemented in an IPM (“Intelligent Power Module” ) integrating these IGBTs.
[0071] The controller further comprises a sub-controller 100 comprising two safety signal chains.
[0072] One of said safety signal chains comprises inter alia an SoC 10, a switch S1 and a PWM buffer 11.
[0073] The other safety signal chain comprises inter alia an (other) SoC 20, a (nother) switch S2 and a (nother) PWM buffer 21.
[0074] SoC 20 generates PWM pulse signals pwm_h processed by PWM buffer 11 to PWM signals PWM_h for driving the high-side power electronics 41-43 and PWM pulse signals pwm_l processed by PWM buffer 21 to PWM signals PWM_l for driving the low-side power electronics 44-46 for driving motor 50 (Fig. 2: step S10) .
[0075] STO signals STO_A, STO_B are issued by SoCs 10, 20 respectively triggered by an emergency stop, for example when there is an internal critical fault or critical limits violation.
[0076] There are also other monitor signals from monitors 101, 102 which are logic ANDed with the STO_A signal and STO_B signal respectively. These monitor signals may come for example from power circuit or other circuit which may cause dangerous failure.
[0077] The resulting signal STOA and STOB respectively triggers power supply switch S1 and S2 respectively.
[0078] Output of the STOA controlled power supply switch S1 serves as the feedback of STOA in the safety chain with the PWM buffer 11 for high side.
[0079] Output of the STOB controlled power supply switch S2 serves as the feedback of STOB in the safety chain with the PWM buffer 21 for low side.
[0080] These PWM buffers 11, 21 act as PWM signal switches of the sub-controller to cut off the driving signals so as to stop driving motor 50 based on the stop request STOA, STOB: by removing the power of these buffers 11, 21 the PWM signals from SoCs 10, 20 are cut off (Fig. 2: step S20) . Any electronics components can be used which can realize the purpose of cutting off the PWM signals when the STOA, STOB signals disable the power from these components.
[0081] The STOA_FB, STOB_FB are feedback signals which act as diagnosis signal. These feedback signals will be checked by SOCs 10, 20 respectively to make sure the STO control signal issued correctly.
[0082] When STOA and STOB both were activated and the correct STO feedbacks have been received, safety side sub-controller will give a signal that STOs have been activated and ready for SCB triggering to drive.
[0083] Short circuit braking module 29 which is implemented in SoC 20 in the embodiment of Fig. 1, after a configurable delay, will issue a brake request (signal) SCB_CTRL to switch on switch S3 to make the low side PWM signals pulled up by V_PU through a resistor R. By doing this all the three low side IGBTs 44-46 will be switched into closed state and thus short circuit brake motor 50 because the three power terminals for motor 50 are shorted to net N through the low side IGBTs 44-46 as indicated by dash-dotted arrows in Fig. 1 (Fig. 2: step S30) . Meanwhile the high side IGBTs 41-43 are all keep in open state which is controlled by the STO signals.
[0084] Because the low side PWM signals pulled by V_PU through resistor R when the STO_B is not trigged the SCB function will not take effect. This can interlock the SCB and the STO function. SCB is triggered when the STO is enabled, otherwise the IGBT high side and low side will be shorted or will short respectively. In the circuit of Fig. 1 the SCB function will not take effect when STO is not triggered as the low side control of IGBT driver will still be controlled by the SoC who has the higher priority than the SCB circuit.
[0085] As explained above brake request (signal) SCB_CTRL is triggered by feedback signal STOB_FB which is an indication of cutting off the driving signals. In some embodiments also STOA_FB and / or external signals received by the short circuit braking module 29 to perform short circuit braking can be taken into account for triggering the brake request (signal) SCB_CTRL.
[0086] The embodiment of Fig. 1 illustrates the sub-controller powering the low-side power electronics 44-46 via V_PU by closing switch S3 so as to switch said power electronics 44-46 so as to short circuit brake motor 50 and illustrates electrically connecting resistor R by switching these power electronics 44-46 so as to short circuit brake motor 50.
[0087] The embodiment of Fig. 1 further illustrates PWM driving signals.
[0088] The embodiment of Fig. 1 further illustrates the sub-controller switching the low-side power electronics 44-46 so as to short circuit brake motor 50 based on the brake request (signal) SCB_CTRL while the high-side power electronics 41-43 are kept in open state.
[0089] The embodiment of Fig. 1 further illustrates the sub-controller comprising two safety signal chains wherein the safety signal chain with the SoC 20 and PWM buffer 21 for low side switches the low-side power electronics 44-46 so as to short circuit brake motor 50 in reaction to the brake request (signal) SCB_CTRL.
[0090] The embodiment of Fig. 1 further illustrates the two safety signal chains of the sub-controller each comprising an electronic component, here in the form of PWM buffers 11, 21, for cutting off driving signals for the power electronics based on a stop request.
[0091] The embodiment of Fig. 1 further schematically illustrates an electrical isolation 31 with a PWM isolator 30 located between the power drive stage 40 and the sub-controller.
[0092] The embodiment of Fig. 1 further schematically illustrates the stop request being based on three signals logically ANDed.
[0093] In the present disclosure “comprises one / an X” in general does not imply an exclusive list but is a short form of “comprises at least one / an X” and also comprises “comprises two or more X” . Although exemplary embodiments have been discussed in the preceding description, it should be pointed out that a large number of modifications are possible.
[0094] It should also be pointed out that the exemplary embodiments are only examples that are not intended to limit the scope of protection or the possible applications and structure of the invention in any way. Rather, the person skilled in the art is given a guide for the realization of at least one exemplary embodiment by the preceding description, wherein various modifications, in particular with regard to the function and arrangement of the described components or features, may be realized without leaving the scope of protection as derived from the claims and features combinations equivalent thereto respectively.
Claims
1.A controller for a motor (50) of a robot, the controller comprising:a power drive stage (40) comprising power electronics (41-46) for driving the motor; anda sub-controller (100) adapted to generate driving signals for driving the power electronics;wherein said sub-controller is adapted to cut off said driving signals so as to stop driving the motor based on a stop request;wherein said sub-controller is adapted to switch some of the power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor based on a brake request.2.The controller according to claim 1, wherein said brake request is triggered by at least one of said stop request and an indication of cutting off said driving signals.3.The controller according to claim 2, wherein there is a configurable delay before said brake request is triggered by said at least one of said stop request and the indication of cutting off said driving signals.4.The controller according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of:the sub-controller is adapted to power some of the power electronics by closing a switch so as to switch said power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor;by switching the power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor at least one resistor is electrically connected.5.The controller according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of:the driving signals are PWM signals;the power electronics comprise high-side power electronics (41-43) and low-side power electronics (44-46) .6.The controller according to claim 5, wherein the sub-controller is adapted to switch the low-side power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor based on the brake request while the high-side power electronics are kept in an open state.7.The controller according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sub-controller comprises at least two safety signal chains wherein at least one of said safety signal chains is adapted to switch some of the power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor in reaction to the brake request.8.The controller according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sub-controller comprises at least one electronic component (11, 21) adapted to cut off driving signals for some of the power electronics based on a stop request.9.The controller according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an electrical isolation (31) is located between the power drive stage and the sub-controller.10.The controller according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stop request is based on at least two signals.11.A drive unit for a robot comprising a motor (50) and a controller according to any one of the preceding claims for said motor.12.A robot comprising at least one drive unit according to claim 11 for driving the robot.13.A method for controlling a motor (50) of a robot using a controller according to any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising:generate (S10) driving signals for driving the power electronics of the power drive stage for driving the motor;based on a stop request cutting off (S20) said driving signals so as to stop driving the motor; andbased on a brake request switching (S30) some of the power electronics so as to short circuit brake the motor.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Electrical drive for an industrial robot
CN108450051A
Short-circuiting device and robot system provided with same
CN111819041A
Control device for electric motor, robot provided with same, and method for controlling electric motor
CN114465526A
Safety interlock and protection circuit for permanent magnet motor drive
US20060181239A1
Robot system
US20170155344A1