Multicore fiber with fan-in fan-out design
By adjusting the pitch-to-core ratio and using thermal expansion and aspherical lenses, the high insertion loss issue in MCF fan-in/fan-out devices is resolved, enabling efficient data transmission with minimal loss.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/079153
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-04
AI Technical Summary
High insertion loss occurs in multicore fiber (MCF) fan-in/fan-out devices due to mismatched pitch-to-core ratios between MCF and single-core fiber bundles, exceeding 3dB in free-space lens coupling scenarios, while the target maximum insertion loss is 0.2dB.
Adjusting the pitch-to-core ratio on the single-core fiber bundle side to match that of the MCF by reducing the cladding diameter of single-core fibers or using thermal expansion technology to expand the cores, combined with aspherical lenses and anti-reflective coatings for alignment, to minimize insertion loss.
Achieves low insertion loss of 0.2dB or less by aligning pitch-to-core ratios and compensating for small mismatches, ensuring efficient data transmission.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024079153_04092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MULTICORE FIBER WITH FAN-IN FAN-OUT DESIGN
[0001] TECHNIAL FIELDBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] A multicore fiber (MCF) is a fiber containing two or more cores within a single strand. In other words, two or more cores are provided in a same fiber cladding. There is an issue of high insertion loss in MCF fan-in / fan-out devices arising from a mismatched pitch-to-core ratio between an MCF and single-core fiber bundle. A single-core fiber bundle is a bundle of two or more single-core fibers. A single-core fiber may also be referred to as a single-mode fiber (SMF) . In scenarios involving free-space lens coupling between the MCF and the single-core fiber bundle, the insertion loss can exceed 3dB (or a 50%loss) , whereas a target maximum insertion loss is 0.2dB (or a 4.5%loss) .SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Some implementations described are directed to a method and system designed to enhance data transmission capacity in environments with limited fiber count. In particular, a MCF and a single-core fiber bundle are provided in an optical fiber system having in a fan-in, fan-out configuration. A pitch-to-core ratio on a single-core fiber bundle side of the optical fiber system may be adjusted to align the pitch-to-core ratio with a pitch-to-core ratio of the MCF, and thereby eliminate losses caused by laser mode and aperture mismatch.
[0004] To achieve low insertion loss, free-space micro-optics coupling for MCF fan-in, fan-out is utilized. A pitch-to-core size ratio between MCF and regular single-core fiber bundles should be the same to minimize insertion loss. The core diameter of an MCF is approximately 10 μm, similar to regular single-core fibers, with a core-to-core distance within the MCF of approximately 40 μm, resulting in the MCF having a pitch-to-core size ratio of approximately 4: 1. When single-core fibers are bundled together, the pitch-to-core ratio is approximately 12.5: 1. To address this mismatch in the pitch-to-core ratios, two solutions are proposed. A first solution involves reducing a cladding of single-core fibers of the single-core fiber bundle. A second solution involves using thermal expansion core (TEC) technology to expand the core in each single-core fiber, thereby matching the pitch-to-core ratio of the single-core fiber bundle with the pitch-to-core ratio of the MCF.
[0005] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0006] Fig. 1 shows an optical fiber system 100 according to one or more implementations.
[0007] Fig. 2 shows an optical fiber system 200 according to one or more implementations.
[0008] Fig. 3 shows an optical fiber system 300 according to one or more implementations.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0009] Fig. 1 shows an optical fiber system 100 according to one or more implementations. The optical fiber system 100 includes an MCF and a single-core fiber bundle optically coupled to the MCF by free-space micro-optics (e.g., a free-space micro-optical coupler) . In this example, the MCF may be a two-core MCF having two cores arranged in a single cladding, with each core configured to carry a respective optical signal (e.g., a respective light beam, such as a laser beam) .
[0010] The free-space micro-optics may include a first lens and a second lens for free-space lens coupling. The first lens may receive two optical signals from the MCF and provide the two optical signals to the second lens. The second lens may receive the two optical signals from the first lens and direct each optical signal into a core of a respective single-core fiber of the single-core fiber bundle. The two optical signals may fan-in and then fan out as the two optical signals pass through the free-space micro-optics. In other words, the two optical signals may intersect at an intersection point (e.g., a focal point) between the first lens and the second lens. Thus, the first lens may function as a focusing lens and the second lens may function as a collimating lens.
[0011] The single-core fiber bundle may include two SMFs that are bundled or otherwise coupled together. A diameter of a cladding of each SMF may be reduced relative to a diameter of an MCF cladding such that a pitch between the two cores of the single-core fiber bundle match a pitch of the two cores of the MCF. For example, chemical etching may be used to reduce fiber cladding size and achieve the desired pitch-to-core ratio for MCF fan-in and fan-out devices. A diameter of each core in the MCF and the SMFs may all be the same. Thus, a pitch-to-core ratio of the single-core fiber bundle may match the pitch-to-core ratio of the MCF. As a result, each of the two optical signals may be coupled into a respective core of the single-core fiber bundle with low insertion loss. For example, each of the two optical signals may be coupled into a respective core of the single-core fiber bundle with an insertion loss of 0.2dB or less.
[0012] In some implementations, end surfaces of the MCF and single-core fiber bundle may have an 8° polish angle with an anti-reflective (AR) coating. The first lens and the second lens may be aspherical lenses may be arranged in front of each fiber side for collimation. Small pitch mismatches between the two fiber sides can be compensated for by aligning lenses and the fibers. When in perfect alignment and without AR coating loss, the insertion loss from optical aberration for each optical channel may be less than 0.01dB for the reduced cladding design shown in Fig. 1.
[0013] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1. For example, implementations are not limited to fan-in, fan-out configurations, and may apply to any free-space micro-optics used to couple optical signals from a MCF to a single-core fiber bundle.
[0014] Fig. 2 shows an optical fiber system 200 according to one or more implementations. The optical fiber system 200 includes an MCF and a single-core fiber bundle optically coupled to the MCF by free-space micro-optics (e.g., a free-space micro-optical coupler) . In this example, the MCF may be a four-core MCF having four cores arranged in a single cladding, with each core configured to carry a respective optical signal (e.g., a respective light beam, such as a laser beam) .
[0015] The free-space micro-optics may include a first lens and a second lens for free-space lens coupling. The first lens may receive four optical signals from the MCF and provide the four optical signals to the second lens. The second lens may receive the four optical signals from the first lens and direct each optical signal into a core of a respective single-core fiber of the single-core fiber bundle. The four optical signals may fan-in and then fan out as the four optical signals pass through the free-space micro-optics. In other words, a pair of optical signals may intersect at an intersection point (e.g., a focal point) between the first lens and the second lens. Thus, the first lens may function as a focusing lens and the second lens may function as a collimating lens.
[0016] The single-core fiber bundle may include four SMFs that are bundled or otherwise coupled together. A diameter of the cladding of each SMF may be reduced relative to a diameter of an MCF cladding such that a pitch between two cores of the single-core fiber bundle match a pitch between two cores of the MCF. For example, chemical etching may be used to reduce fiber cladding size and achieve the desired pitch-to-core ratio for MCF fan-in and fan-out devices. A diameter of each core in the MCF and the SMFs may all be the same. Thus, a pitch-to-core ratio of the single-core fiber bundle may match the pitch-to-core ratio of the MCF. As a result, each of the four optical signals may be coupled into a respective core of the single-core fiber bundle with low insertion loss. For example, each of the four optical signals may be coupled into a respective core of the single-core fiber bundle with an insertion loss of 0.2dB or less.
[0017] In some implementations, end surfaces of the MCF and single-core fiber bundle may have an 8° polish angle with an anti-reflective (AR) coating. The first lens and the second lens may be aspherical lenses may be arranged in front of each fiber side for collimation. Small pitch mismatches between the two fiber sides can be compensated for by aligning lenses and the fibers. When in perfect alignment and without AR coating loss, the insertion loss from optical aberration for each optical channel may be less than 0.01dB for the reduced cladding design shown in Fig. 2.
[0018] As indicated above, Fig. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 2. For example, implementations are not limited to fan-in, fan-out configurations, and may apply to any free-space micro-optics used to couple optical signals from a MCF to a single-core fiber bundle. In addition, the MCF and the single-core fiber bundle may have any number of cores.
[0019] Fig. 3 shows an optical fiber system 300 according to one or more implementations. The optical fiber system 300 includes an MCF and a single-core fiber bundle optically coupled to the MCF by free-space micro-optics (e.g., a free-space micro-optical coupler) . In this example, the MCF may be a two-core MCF having two cores arranged in a single cladding, with each core configured to carry a respective optical signal (e.g., a respective light beam, such as a laser beam) .
[0020] The free-space micro-optics may include a first lens and a second lens for free-space lens coupling. The first lens may receive two optical signals from the MCF and provide the two optical signals to the second lens. The second lens may receive the two optical signals from the first lens and direct each optical signal into a core of a respective single-core fiber of the single-core fiber bundle. The two optical signals may fan-in and then fan out as the two optical signals pass through the free-space micro-optics. In other words, the two optical signals may intersect at an intersection point (e.g., a focal point) between the first lens and the second lens. Thus, the first lens may function as a focusing lens and the second lens may function as a collimating lens.
[0021] The single-core fiber bundle may include two SMFs that are bundled or otherwise coupled together. A diameter of the cladding of each SMF may be equal to a diameter of the MCF cladding. Meanwhile, a diameter of a core in each of the SMFs may be increased relative to a diameter of the cores in the MCF such that the pitch-to-core ratio of the single-core fiber bundle may match the pitch-to-core ratio of the MCF. For example, a core in each of the SMFs may be a thermal expanded core that have been expanded using a thermal expansion technique. As a result, each of the two optical signals may be coupled into a respective core of the single-core fiber bundle with low insertion loss. For example, each of the two optical signals may be coupled into a respective core of the single-core fiber bundle with an insertion loss of 0.2dB or less.
[0022] In some implementations, end surfaces of the MCF and single-core fiber bundle may have an 8° polish angle with an anti-reflective (AR) coating. The first lens and the second lens may be aspherical lenses may be arranged in front of each fiber side for collimation. Small pitch mismatches between the two fiber sides can be compensated for by aligning lenses and the fibers. When in perfect alignment and without AR coating loss, the insertion loss from optical aberration for each optical channel may be less than 0.06dB for the TEC design shown in Fig. 3.
[0023] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3. For example, implementations are not limited to fan-in, fan-out configurations, and may apply to any free-space micro-optics used to couple optical signals from a MCF to a single-core fiber bundle. In addition, the MCF and the single-core fiber bundle may have any number of cores.
[0024] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the implementations to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the implementations.
[0025] Although particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various implementations. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of various implementations includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
[0026] When a component or one or more components (e.g., a laser emitter or one or more laser emitters) is described or claimed (within a single claim or across multiple claims) as performing multiple operations or being configured to perform multiple operations, this language is intended to broadly cover a variety of architectures and environments. For example, unless explicitly claimed otherwise (e.g., via the use of “first component” and “second component” or other language that differentiates components in the claims) , this language is intended to cover a single component performing or being configured to perform all of the operations, a group of components collectively performing or being configured to perform all of the operations, a first component performing or being configured to perform a first operation and a second component performing or being configured to perform a second operation, or any combination of components performing or being configured to perform the operations. For example, when a claim has the form “one or more components configured to: perform X; perform Y; and perform Z, ” that claim should be interpreted to mean “one or more components configured to perform X; one or more (possibly different) components configured to perform Y; and one or more (also possibly different) components configured to perform Z. ”
[0027] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “set” is intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, a combination of related items, and unrelated items, etc. ) , and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the term “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . Further, spatially relative terms, such as “below, ” “lower, ” “bottom, ” “above, ” “upper, ” “top, ” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature’s relationship to another element (s) or feature (s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the apparatus, device, and / or element in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. The apparatus may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may likewise be interpreted accordingly.
Claims
1.A method, a device, a system, an apparatus, an optical device, an optical system, an optical assembly, and an optical fiber assembly including a multi-core fiber and a single-core fiber bundle with matched pitch-to-core ratios as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying specification and drawings.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Multi-core optical fiber connector based on gradient refractive index lenses
CN104536100A
Optical fiber array and optical fiber connection structure
CN115407446A
Optical fiber connection structure
CN115698795A
Multi-core optical fiber module and multi-core optical fiber amplifier
CN116134685A
Optical connector
JP2016206294A