Apparatus for treating a gas mixture

Abstract

Apparatus (1) for treating a mixture (M) of gases, containing a first gaseous component (G1) and at least one second gaseous component (G2), so as to separate said first gaseous component (G1) from said second gaseous component (G2), said apparatus (1) being configured to implement a process configuration comprising at least one separation stage (10, 20, 30) of the membrane type, said apparatus is characterised by comprising: a first module (60) comprising at least a first frame (61) on which a first piping system (62) is mounted, at least two second modules (70, 70', 70"), and wherein each second module (70, 70', 70") comprises: ■ at least one second frame (71), ■ at least one membrane separation unit (50) of said at least one separation stage (10, 20, 30) which is mounted on said second frame (71), and wherein said first piping system (62) of the first module (60) is connected, or is intended to be connected, with said at least one separation unit (50) of at least two second modules (70, 70', 70").

Description

[0001] APPARATUS FOR TREATING A GAS MIXTURE.

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating a gas mixture, in particular of separation of a first gaseous component from a second gaseous component of said gas mixture.

[0004] Preferably, the present invention relates to an apparatus for treating biogas, in particular of separation of carbon dioxide from an inlet biogas flow, thereby producing a biogas with a higher methane concentration. More preferably, the present invention relates to an apparatus for biogas upgrading treatment.

[0005] STATE OF THE ART

[0006] Among gases produced in a decentralized manner, for example, biomethane, syngas, hydrogen are known.

[0007] For example, biomethane is a gas that is produced from a renewable source and contains predominantly methane (CH4).

[0008] As is known, in biomethane production plants a purification or upgrading process is provided in order to improve the quality of the biogas produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter. In particular, this process allows to remove impurities present in the biogas, such as carbon dioxide, moisture, and other traces of contaminants, thus transforming it into high-quality biomethane. Conveniently, the biomethane thus obtained is characterized by a chemical composition more similar to traditional natural gas, with a higher methane concentration and lower impurity content.

[0009] Currently, the most widespread technology for biogas upgrading is the one involving the use of membranes to separate carbon dioxide from methane.

[0010] In this context, the configuration of the upgrading apparatus comprising the membranes, the measurement and control instrumentation, the piping system (the so- called "piping") which connects the various components, requires considerable dedicated design time as it varies based on the required flow rates, on the configuration of the process to be implemented, on the number and type of membranes used, and on the type of compressor.

[0011] Furthermore, once the number of membranes has been set and the upgrading system has thus been engineered, the latter has little flexibility in increasing the flow rate as it is highly constrained by the predefined settings. Essentially, the system must be completely re-engineered whenever the required flow rate changes substantially or the membranes used are changed. The known upgrading apparatuses, which are already available on the market, involve the use of a single base with a single frame on which the membranes, the measurement and control instrumentation, and the piping system which connects the various components are mounted. All the instrumentation part and the nominal flow rate of the piping system are sized based on the flow rate the device must have based on the requirements provided by the customer. All the apparatus settings, comprising any oversizing for future modifications, are engineered during the initial design phase and are already defined upon initial installation of the system, thus they cannot be added later during normal operation of the plant.

[0012] US2006 / 186032 shows a modular system for fluid treatment wherein multiple treatment modules, each connected to its own permeate outlet module, can be connected to each other.

[0013] RU189768 concerns a modular assembly for the installation, in a small space, of a plurality of gas separation modules.

[0014] OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The object of the invention is to propose an apparatus for treating a gas mixture, preferably for the upgrading treatment of biogas, which allows to overcome, at least in part, the drawbacks of the known solutions.

[0016] Another object of the invention is to propose an apparatus that can be implemented simply, quickly and at low cost.

[0017] Another object of the invention is to propose an apparatus that can be assembled simply, quickly and at low cost.

[0018] Another object of the invention is to propose an apparatus that can be implemented in an industrial setting.

[0019] Another object of the invention is to propose an apparatus that is highly scalable and flexible.

[0020] Another object of the invention is to simplify and speed up the design, in particular the engineering design, of an apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture, preferably for the upgrading treatment of biogas.

[0021] Another object of the invention is to reduce the engineering times of the apparatus in light of the required performance.

[0022] Another object of the invention is to reduce the re-engineering times of the apparatus in response to changes in the required performance.

[0023] Another object of the invention is to simplify and speed up the transition from the design phase to the production phase of an apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture, preferably for the upgrading treatment of biogas. Another object of the invention is to be able to postpone the choice of the type of membrane separation unit to be used (and in particular the choice of the corresponding supplier) until the assembly or production phase, thus reducing the delivery times of the apparatus.

[0024] Another object of the invention is to simplify and speed up the phase of preparing the offer to the customer of an apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture, preferably for the upgrading treatment of biogas.

[0025] Another object of the invention is to standardize the apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture, preferably for the upgrading treatment of biogas.

[0026] Another object of the invention is to simplify the activity of adapting an apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture, preferably for the upgrading treatment of biogas, in case of subsequent changes in the required flow rate and / or changes in the membranes used.

[0027] Another object of the invention is to propose an apparatus that is an improvement and / or alternative to traditional solutions.

[0028] Another object of the invention is to propose an apparatus with an alternative characterization, both in functional and implementation terms, compared to traditional ones.

[0029] Another object of the invention is to propose a method to simplify and speed up the configuration of an apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture, preferably for the upgrading treatment of biogas.

[0030] Another object of the invention is to propose a method that allows to simplify and speed up the assembly of an apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture, preferably for the upgrading treatment of biogas.

[0031] Another object of the invention is to propose a method that allows to simplify and speed up any future modification of an apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture, preferably for the upgrading treatment of biogas.

[0032] Another object of the invention is to propose a method that is an improvement and / or alternative to traditional solutions.

[0033] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0034] All the objects mentioned herein, considered either individually or in any combination thereof, and others which will result from the following description are achieved, according to the invention, with an apparatus according to claim 1.

[0035] In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus for treating a gas mixture, containing a first gaseous component and at least one second gaseous component, so as to separate said first gaseous component from said second gaseous component, said apparatus being configured to implement a process configuration comprising at least one membrane-type separation stage, said apparatus being characterised in that it comprises:

[0036] - a first module comprising at least a first frame on which a first piping system is mounted,

[0037] - at least one second module, and wherein each second module comprises:

[0038] ■ at least a second frame,

[0039] ■ at least one membrane separation unit of said at least one separation stage which is mounted on said second frame, and wherein said first piping system of the first module is connected or connectable (i.e. is intended to be connected) to said at least one separation unit of said at least one second module.

[0040] The present invention also relates to an apparatus for treating a gas mixture, containing a first gaseous component and at least one second gaseous component, so as to separate said first gaseous component from said second gaseous component, said apparatus being configured to implement a process configuration comprising at least one membrane-type separation stage, said apparatus is characterised in that it comprises: a first module comprising at least a first frame on which a first piping system is mounted, at least two second modules, and wherein each second module comprises:

[0041] ■ at least a second frame,

[0042] ■ at least one membrane separation unit of said at least one separation stage which is mounted on said second frame, and wherein said first piping system of the first module is connected, or is intended to be connected, to said at least one separation unit of at least two second modules.

[0043] Preferably, the first piping system of the first module is fluidly connected upstream, or at the inlet, with at least one of said at least two second modules and is fluidly connected downstream, or at the outlet, with at least one other of said at least two second modules.

[0044] The present invention also relates to an apparatus for treating a gas mixture, containing a first gaseous component and at least one second gaseous component so as to separate said first gaseous component from said second gaseous component, said apparatus being configured to implement a process configuration comprising at least three membrane-type separation stages with: a first stage of separation of a feed flow which comprises a flow, entering the apparatus, of the gas mixture to be separated, a second stage of separation of the retentate of the first stage, a third stage of separation of the permeate of the first stage, and wherein said apparatus comprises: a first module comprising at least a first frame on which a first piping system is mounted, at least three second modules, and wherein each second module comprises:

[0045] ■ at least a second frame,

[0046] ■ at least one membrane separation unit which is mounted on said second frame, and wherein: each of the said three separation stages comprises at least one second module, said first piping system of the first module is connected or is intended to be connected to at least one separation unit of said at least three second modules.

[0047] In essence, the apparatus comprises at least three second modules, of which at least one second module for the first stage, at least one second module for the second stage and at least one second module for the third stage.

[0048] Preferably, the first piping system of the first module is fluidly connected upstream, or at the inlet, with said at least three second modules, one for each of the three stages, and is fluidly connected downstream, or at the outlet, with said at least three second modules, one for each of the three stages.

[0049] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0050] The present invention is further clarified below in some of its preferred examples of practical implementation reported for purely exemplifying and non-limiting purposes with reference to the attached drawing sheets, wherein:

[0051] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a first process configuration for an apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture,

[0052] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the apparatus, according to the invention, for the separation treatment of a gas mixture in said first process configuration,

[0053] Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a second process configuration for an apparatus for the separation treatment of a gas mixture, Figure 4 shows a schematic view of the apparatus, according to the invention, for the separation treatment of a gas mixture in said second process configuration,

[0054] Figure 5 shows a schematic view of a third process configuration for the separation treatment of a gas mixture,

[0055] Figure 6 shows a schematic view of the apparatus, according to the invention, for the separation treatment of a gas mixture in said third process configuration,

[0056] Figure 7 shows a schematic view of a detail of an apparatus according to the invention,

[0057] Figure 8 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention for the separation treatment of a gas mixture,

[0058] Figure 9 shows an exploded perspective view of the apparatus of Fig. 8,

[0059] Figure 10 shows a perspective view of a variant of the apparatus according to the invention wherein the number of second modules is different from that of Fig. 8,

[0060] Figure 11 shows a perspective view of a further variant of the apparatus according to the invention wherein the second modules comprise membrane separation units of a different type than those in Fig. 8,

[0061] Figure 12 shows a perspective view of a further variant of the apparatus according to the invention wherein the second modules comprise two different types of membrane separation units,

[0062] Figure 13A shows a perspective view of the first module of the apparatus according to the invention,

[0063] Figure 13B shows a different perspective view of the first module of Fig. 13A,

[0064] Figure 14 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the second module,

[0065] Figure 15 shows a perspective view of a second different embodiment of the second module, with membrane separation units of the same type as the second module of Fig. 14 but in a different number,

[0066] Figure 16 shows a perspective view of a third different embodiment of the second module with membrane separation units of a different type compared to the second module of Figs. 14 and 15.

[0067] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND OF SOME PREFERRED

[0068] EMBODIMENTS

[0069] The present invention relates to an apparatus - which, in the attached figures, is indicated as a whole with the reference number 1 - for the separation treatment of a gas mixture M, in particular of separation of a first gaseous component G1 from at least a second gaseous component G2 of said gas mixture M.

[0070] In particular, the apparatus 1 is configured and / or intended to receive as inlet from the outside a flow 9 of a mixture M of gases to be separated.

[0071] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 comprises an inlet for a flow 9 of a mixture M of gases to be separated containing a first gaseous component G1 and a second gaseous component G2.

[0072] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 may comprise (at least) two outlets and, in particular, a first outlet for a flow with a higher concentration of the first gaseous component G 1 , and a second outlet for a flow with a higher concentration of the second gaseous component G2.

[0073] Preferably, the flow 9 of the gas mixture M to be separated may be biogas, in particular raw biogas, or it could be natural gas, in particular raw natural gas, or air, or any gas mixture M containing mainly - but not exclusively - a first gaseous component and a second gaseous component.

[0074] Preferably, the first gaseous component G1 and the second gaseous component G2 are carbon dioxide and methane respectively, or they can be hydrogen and methane, or carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

[0075] Preferably, the apparatus 1 is configured for the so-called biogas upgrading treatment, in particular of separation of carbon dioxide from an incoming biogas flow, thereby obtaining a biogas with a higher methane concentration.

[0076] Preferably, the apparatus 1 is configured for use in a biogas production plant 10. PROCESS CONFIGURATIONS

[0077] The apparatus 1 is configured to implement a process configuration that comprises one or more membrane-type separation stages. In particular, in a possible embodiment not shown in the figures, the process configuration of apparatus 1 may also comprise a single separation stage or two separation stages.

[0078] Preferably, the process configuration of the apparatus 1 comprises (at least) three separation stages and, in particular, comprises:

[0079] - a first stage 10 of separation of a feed flow 11 ,

[0080] - a second stage 20 of separation of the retentate of the first stage 10,

[0081] - a third stage 30 of separation of the permeate from the first stage 10.

[0082] The first stage 10, the second stage 20 and the third stage 30 are membrane separation stages.

[0083] The feed flow 11 comprises the flow 9 entering the apparatus of the gas mixture M to be separated. In particular, the flow 9 entering the apparatus and the feed flow 11 entering the first stage 10 comprise at least two gaseous components G1 and G2 to be separated.

[0084] The first stage 10 separates the feed flow 11 into a first permeate flow 12 and a first retentate flow 13.

[0085] The second stage 20 of retentate separation separates the first retentate flow 13, exiting the first stage 10, into a second permeate flow 22 and a second retentate flow 23.

[0086] The third stage 30 of permeate separation separates the first permeate flow 12, exiting the first stage 10, into a third permeate flow 32 and a third retentate flow 33.

[0087] The second permeate flow 22 and the third retentate flow 33 are sent to the feed flow 11. Therefore, the feed flow 11 entering the first stage 10 comprises the flow 9 of the gas mixture M entering the apparatus 1 , and coming from outside said apparatus, and also comprises a recirculation flow which, in turn, comprises the second permeate flow 22 and the third retentate flow 33 which - as mentioned - are recirculated.

[0088] Conveniently, by using - in separation stages 10, 20, 30 - membranes having a permeation rate of the first gaseous component G1 greater than that of the second gaseous component G2, it turns out that the second retentate flow 23 has a higher concentration of the second gaseous component G2, while the third permeate flow 32 has a higher concentration of the first gaseous component G1. For example, considering the raw biogas, containing methane and carbon dioxide, as the gas mixture M entering apparatus 1 , the second retentate flow 23 has a higher concentration of methane, while the third permeate flow 32 has a higher concentration of carbon dioxide.

[0089] The third permeate flow 32 may be removed as a first separate product, e g. it may be vented to the atmosphere through a drain 49, and / or it may be further processed, e.g. it may be sent to a digester 59. Optionally, the third permeate flow 32 may be discarded if the second retentate flow 23 is removed or further processed.

[0090] The second retentate flow 23 may be removed as a second product or may be further processed. Conveniently, the second retentate flow 23 may be sent to further processing stations and / or to an injection point. Optionally, the second retentate flow 23 may be discarded if the third permeate flow 32 is removed or further processed.

[0091] In some possible and preferred embodiments (see Figs. 1 , 3 and 5), the apparatus 1 may comprise a compressor 40 which is arranged upstream of the first stage 10.

[0092] Conveniently, in a first possible process configuration (see Fig. 1), the first permeate flow 12 is not subject to recompression. Conveniently, in another possible process configuration (see Fig. 3), the first permeate flow 12 is subject to recompression by means of a further compressor 48.

[0093] In one possible process configuration, the apparatus 1 may comprise a vacuum device 41 , for example a vacuum pump, which may be arranged on the first permeate flow 12 exiting the first feed flow 11 separation stage 10 and / or on the second permeate flow 22 exiting the second retentate separation stage 20 and / or on the third permeate flow 32 exiting the third permeate separation stage 30 (see Fig. 5).

[0094] Preferably, the apparatus 1 also comprises regulating members 42, 43 and / or 44.

[0095] Preferably, the apparatus 1 also comprises measuring members 45, 46 and / or 47.

[0096] Conveniently, first regulating members 42 may be provided on the third retentate flow 33. Conveniently, first measuring members 45 may be provided on the third retentate flow 33, preferably upstream of the first regulating members 42. Preferably, the first regulating members 42 are controlled on the basis of the readings made by the first measuring members 45. Preferably, the first regulating members 42 may comprise at least one first pressure regulator. Preferably, the first measuring members 45 may comprise at least one first pressure sensor. Ideally, the first pressure regulator is pressure-controlled on the basis of the pressure measurements made by the first pressure sensor.

[0097] Conveniently, second regulating members 43 may be provided on the second retentate flow 23. Conveniently, second measuring members 46 may be provided on the second retentate flow 23, preferably upstream of the second regulating members 43. Preferably, the second regulating members 43 are controlled on the basis of the readings made by the second measuring members 46. Preferably, the second regulating members 43 may comprise at least one second pressure regulator. Preferably, the second measuring members 46 may comprise at least one second pressure sensor. Ideally, the second pressure regulator is pressure-controlled on the basis of the pressure measurements made by the second pressure sensor.

[0098] Conveniently, third regulating members 44 may be provided on the third permeate flow 32. Conveniently, third measuring members 47 may be provided on the third permeate flow 32, preferably upstream of the third regulating members 44. Preferably, the third regulating members 44 are controlled on the basis of the readings made by the third measuring members 47. Preferably, the third regulating members 44 may comprise at least one three-way valve, with an inlet connected to the third permeate flow 32 and two outlets, of which a first outlet is connected to a discharge 49 (e.g., to a discharge to the atmosphere) and a second outlet is connected to a digester 59. Preferably, the third measuring members 47 may comprise at least one third pressure sensor. Ideally, said three-way valve is pressure-controlled on the basis of the pressure measurements made by the third pressure sensor.

[0099] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 may also comprise monitoring means (not illustrated), such as temperature and flow sensors, to thus detect corresponding quantities of the respective flows.

[0100] In more detail, in a first possible process configuration illustrated in fig. 1 , the apparatus 1 comprises:

[0101] - a first stage 10 of separation of the feed flow 11 which comprises the flow 9, entering the apparatus 1 , of the mixture M of gases to be separated, and wherein said mixture M comprises a first gaseous component G1 and a second gaseous component G2,

[0102] - a second stage 20 of separation of the retentate of the first stage 10,

[0103] - a third stage 30 of separation of the permeate from the first stage 10, and wherein:

[0104] - the first stage 10, the second stage 20 and the third stage 30 are membrane separation stages wherein the permeation rate of the first gaseous component G1 is greater than that of the second gaseous component G2,

[0105] - the second permeate flow 22 and the third retentate flow 33 are sent to the feed flow 11 ,

[0106] - a compressor 40 is provided upstream of the first stage 10,

[0107] - the second retentate flow 23 has a higher concentration of the second gaseous component G2, while the third permeate flow 32 has a higher concentration of the first gaseous component G1 ,

[0108] - on the third retentate flow 33, first regulation members 42 and first measuring members 45 are provided,

[0109] - on the second retentate flow 23 second regulation members 43 and second measuring members 46 are provided,

[0110] - on the third permeate flow 32 third regulation members 44 and third measuring members 47 are provided.

[0111] In more detail, in a second possible process configuration illustrated in Fig. 3, the apparatus 1 comprises:

[0112] - a first stage 10 of separation of the feed flow 11 which comprises the flow 9, entering the apparatus 1 , of the mixture M of gases to be separated, and wherein said mixture M comprises a first gaseous component G1 and a second gaseous component G2,

[0113] - a second stage 20 of separation of the retentate of the first stage 10,

[0114] - a third stage 30 of separation of the permeate from the first stage 10, and wherein:

[0115] - the first stage 10, the second stage 20 and the third stage 30 are membrane separation stages wherein the permeation rate of the first gaseous component G1 is greater than that of the second gaseous component G2,

[0116] - the second permeate flow 22 and the third retentate flow 33 are fed / sent to the feed flow 11 ,

[0117] - a compressor 40 is provided upstream of the first stage 10,

[0118] - a further compressor 48 is provided for the first flow of permeate 12 exiting the first stage 10 and entering the third stage 30,

[0119] - the second retentate flow 23 has a higher concentration of the second gaseous component G2, while the third permeate flow 32 has a higher concentration of the first gaseous component G1 ,

[0120] - on the third retentate flow 33, first regulation members 42 and first measuring members 45 are provided,

[0121] - on the second retentate flow 23 second regulation members 43 and second measuring members 46 are provided,

[0122] - on the third permeate flow 32 third regulation members 44 and third measuring members 47 are provided.

[0123] In more detail, in a third possible process configuration illustrated in Fig. 5, the apparatus 1 comprises:

[0124] - a first stage 10 of separation of the feed flow 11 which comprises the flow 9, entering the apparatus 1 , of the mixture M of gases to be separated, and wherein said mixture M comprises a first gaseous component G1 and a second gaseous component G2,

[0125] - a second stage 20 of separation of the retentate of the first stage 10,

[0126] - a third stage 30 of separation of the permeate from the first stage 10, and wherein: the first stage 10, the second stage 20 and the third stage 30 are membrane separation stages wherein the permeation rate of the first gaseous component G1 is greater than that of the second gaseous component G2, - the second permeate flow 22 and the third retentate flow 33 are fed / sent to the feed flow 11 , a compressor 40 is provided upstream of the first stage 10,

[0127] - a vacuum device 41 is provided for the third permeate flow 32 exiting the third stage 30,

[0128] - the second retentate flow 23 has a higher concentration of the second gaseous component G2, while the third permeate flow 32 has a higher concentration of the first gaseous component G1 ,

[0129] - on the third retentate flow 33, first regulation members 42 and first measuring members 45 are provided,

[0130] - on the second retentate flow 23 second regulation members 43 and second measuring members 46 are provided,

[0131] - on the third permeate flow 32 third regulation members 44 and third measuring members 47 are provided.

[0132] MEMBRANE SEPARATION UNIT

[0133] Conveniently, as mentioned, each separation stage 10, 20, 30 comprises at least one membrane separation unit 50. In particular, each separation stage 10, 20, and / or 30 may comprise one or more physical gas separation units that are connected to each other directly or indirectly, in series and / or in parallel, within the same stage.

[0134] Preferably, each membrane separation unit 50 may be traditional and of a type known to those skilled in the art. In particular, each membrane separation unit 50 operates on the principle of selective permeation through the membrane, where the driving force for permeation through the membrane is the pressure difference between the retentate side and the permeate side. For example, in the separation of carbon dioxide and methane, the permeation of carbon dioxide through the membrane is much faster than that of methane, which is thus retained.

[0135] Preferably, each membrane separation unit 50 comprises an elongated casing, in particular having a substantially tubular shape, inside which hollow fiber membranes and / or flat membranes are housed; furthermore, preferably, on a first head of the casing the opening for the flow of inlet gas to be separated is obtained, on the other head of the casing (which is opposite the first head) the opening for the outlet of the retentate is obtained, while the outlet for the permeate is obtained on the side wall of the casing.

[0136] Preferably, each membrane separation unit 50 may be selected from commercially available membrane separation units, such as those manufactured and / or marketed by Air Products under the name “Prism®” or other names, by UBE under the name “UBE CO-810 FSC” or “UBE CO-510F” or other names, by Evonik under the trademark “Sepuran®” or other names.

[0137] THE APPARATUS

[0138] The apparatus 1 according to the invention comprises:

[0139] - a first module 60 comprising at least a first frame 61 on which a first piping system 62 is mounted,

[0140] - at least one second module 70, and wherein each second module 70 comprises:

[0141] - at least a second frame 71 ,

[0142] - at least one membrane separation unit 50 of said at least one separation stage 10, 20 and / or 30 which is mounted on said at least one second frame 71 , and wherein the first piping system 62 of the first module 60 is connected or connectable (i.e. is intended to be connected) to said at least one separation unit 50 of said at least one second module 70.

[0143] Advantageously, the fact of providing each second module 70 with its own second frame 71 allows for the easy assembly and disassembly of each single second module, increasing the modularity of the apparatus 1.

[0144] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 comprises one and only first module 60 and two or more second modules 70.

[0145] Preferably, each second module 70 comprises a respective second piping system 72 fluidically connected to each separation unit 50 of the corresponding second module 70; conveniently, said second piping system 72 of said at least one second module 70 is connected or connectable (i.e. is intended to be connected) - fluidically and / or mechanically - with corresponding pipes of the first piping system 62 of the first module 60. Advantageously, each separation unit 50 is thus connected to the first module 60 through the pipes of its own second module 70, simplifying the assembly and disassembly of a second module from the apparatus 1.

[0146] Preferably, for this purpose, both the ends of the pipes of the second system 72 (of the second module 70) and the ends of the corresponding pipes of the first system 62 (of the first module 60) are flanged.

[0147] Preferably, in a possible embodiment, flexible pipes, or equivalent, may be provided to connect the first piping system 62 with said at least one separation unit 50 of said at least one second module 70.

[0148] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 is configured so that each second module 70 with the respective separation unit(s) 50, which define a separation stage 10, 20 or 30, interfaces via the first module 60 - in particular, via the first piping system 62 of the first module - with the inlet of the apparatus 1 and / or with the separation unit(s) 50 of at least one other second module 70 of another separation stage.

[0149] Preferably, the apparatus 1 may comprise, in at least one separation stage 10, 20 or 30, at least two second modules 70 wherein the respective second piping systems 72 of said second modules 70 are connected or connectable to each other, in particular they are fluidically and mechanically connected or connectable to each other.

[0150] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment with (at least) two second modules placed side by side, 70' and 70" respectively, the second piping system 72 of a second module 70' is mechanically connectable (i.e., is intended to be connected) or is connected to the second piping system 72 of another second module 70" adjacent to said second module 70'. Furthermore, the corresponding second piping system 72 of both second modules 70' and 70" placed side by side is fluidly connectable (i.e., is intended to be connected) or is connected to corresponding pipes of the first piping system 62 of the first module 60.

[0151] Preferably, each second module 70 consists exclusively, or in any case predominantly, of:

[0152] - said at least a second frame 71 ,

[0153] - one or more membrane separation units 50 mounted on said at least one second frame 71 , and more preferably also by said second piping system 72 fluidically connected to each separation unit 50 of the corresponding second module 70.

[0154] Preferably, all separation stages 10, 20 and / or 30 of the process configuration implemented by the apparatus 1 are defined by separation units 50 of one or more second modules 70.

[0155] Preferably, the apparatus 1 may comprise two or more second modules 70 that are fluidly connected in series and / or in parallel. Advantageously, each second module 70 is connected or connectable (i.e. , is intended to be connected) - directly or indirectly by means of at least one other second module - to the same first module 60.

[0156] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 may comprise two or more second modules 70 which are fluidically connected in series to each other through the first piping system 62 of the first module 60.

[0157] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 may comprise two or more second modules 70 which are fluidically connected in parallel to each other by means of a direct mechanical connection, preferably by means of a direct mechanical connection of respective pipes of the second piping system 72. Conveniently, the apparatus 1 may comprise within the same stage 10, 20 or 30, two or more second modules 70 which are fluidically connected in parallel to each other, preferably by means of a direct mechanical connection of the respective pipes of the second piping system 72, and wherein one or more second modules 70 (possibly connected to each other in parallel) of the same stage are fluidically connected in series with one or more second modules (possibly connected to each other in parallel) of another stage, preferably through the first piping system 62 of the first module 60.

[0158] Advantageously, the second modules 70 comprise the separation unit(s) 50 (preferably with the inlet and outlet fluid connection piping system 72), thus operating substantially as separation modules. Advantageously, the first module 60 comprises the first piping system 62 for connecting the separation modules of each stage 10, 20, and / or 30 to other components of the apparatus itself that are external to the first module 60, thus operating substantially as an interface module between the second modules 70 and the other components of the apparatus 1 .

[0159] Preferably, the first piping system 62 comprises a plurality of corresponding pipes, each of which can be defined by one or more straight and curved sections suitably connected to each other. Conveniently, the first piping system 62 may comprise one or more manifolds.

[0160] Preferably, the first piping system 62 of the first module 60 comprises a feed pipe for each stage 10, 20 and / or 30.

[0161] Preferably, the first piping system 62 of the first module 60 comprises both feed pipes for said at least one second module 70 and outlet pipes for said at least one second module. Advantageously, the first module 60 is the only module required to connect the apparatus 1 to external pipes, in particular for supplying the apparatus itself and collecting the related products.

[0162] Conveniently, the first piping system 62 comprises, for each stage, first arrangements 87 for connecting with respective pipes of the second piping system 72 of a corresponding second module 70.

[0163] In particular, the first piping system 62 of the first module 60 comprises at least the following pipes:

[0164] - a first feed pipe 14 to the first stage 10 for the feed flow 11 ,

[0165] - a first outlet pipe 15 for the permeate flow of the first stage 10,

[0166] - a further first outlet pipe 16 for the retentate flow of the first stage 10.

[0167] Preferably, the second frame 71 of each second module 70 is configured to support the separation unit(s) 50 of the corresponding second module 70 and, more preferably, supports the respective casings of the separation units 50. Preferably, the second piping system 72 of each second module 70 may comprise:

[0168] - a fluid supply circuit 73 for transporting the flow to be separated, coming from a corresponding pipe of the piping system 62 of the first module 60, to the inlet opening of each separation unit 50,

[0169] - a permeate outlet fluid circuit 74 for transporting the corresponding permeate flow exiting each separation unit 50 to a corresponding pipe of the piping system 62 of the first module 60,

[0170] - a retentate outlet fluid circuit 75 for transporting the corresponding retentate flow exiting each separation unit 50 to a corresponding pipe of the piping system 62 of the first module 60.

[0171] Conveniently, the second piping system 72 of a second module 70 is configured to connect and interface with corresponding piping of the first piping system 62 of the first module and, in particular:

[0172] - the fluid supply circuit 73 is configured to interface and connect with the first pipe 14,

[0173] - the permeate outlet fluid circuit 74 is configured to interface and connect with the first outlet pipe 15,

[0174] - the retentate output fluid circuit 75 is configured to interface and connect with the further first output pipe 16.

[0175] Conveniently, the second piping system 72 of each second module 70 may comprise corresponding ducts, for example defined by several straight and curved sections suitably connected, possibly with suitable collectors.

[0176] Preferably, in a possible embodiment, (at least) one corresponding safety valve, for example manually operated, can be mounted on one or more of said fluid circuits 73, 74 and / or 75 of the second module 70, preferably a safety valve can be provided for each separation unit 50.

[0177] Preferably, apparatus 1 is configured to implement a process configuration with:

[0178] - a first stage 10 of separation of the feed flow 11 which comprises the flow 9, entering the apparatus 1 , of the mixture M of gases to be separated, and wherein said mixture M comprises a first gaseous component G1 and a second gaseous component G2,

[0179] - a second stage 20 of separation of the retentate of the first stage 10,

[0180] - a third stage 30 of separation of the permeate from the first stage 10, and wherein said apparatus 1 comprises: - a first module 60 comprising at least a first frame 61 on which a first piping system 62 is mounted,

[0181] - at least three second modules 70, and wherein each of said at least three second modules 70 comprises:

[0182] - a respective second frame 71 ,

[0183] - at least one membrane separation unit 50 which is mounted on the respective second frame 71 , and wherein:

[0184] - each of said three separation stages 10, 20 and 30 comprises at least one second module 70 (i.e. at least one second module 70 is provided for the first stage 10, at least one second module 70 for the second stage 20 and at least one third module 70 for the third stage 30),

[0185] - said first piping system 62 of the first module 60 is connected or connectable (i.e. is intended to be connected) with said at least one separation unit 50 of said at least three second modules 70.

[0186] Preferably, each second module 70 comprises a respective second piping system 72 and said second piping system 72 of each of said at least three second modules 70 is connected or connectable (i.e. is intended to be connected) with corresponding piping of the first piping system 62 of the first module 60.

[0187] Conveniently, the maximum flow rate (capacity) of the apparatus 1 is defined / imposed by the first module 60, while the actual flow rate of the apparatus 1 is then defined on the basis of the number of second modules 70 and, possibly, on the basis of the number and type of separation units 50 of each second module 70. Conveniently, by “capacity” of the apparatus 1 - which substantially corresponds to the “capacity” of the first module 60 - we mean the flow rate (expressed in Sm3 / h, i.e. standard cubic meters per hour), at a pressure of 12 barg, of the second retentate 23 exiting the second stage 20 and, in particular, the flow that passes through second regulation members 43 provided on the flow of the second retentate 23.

[0188] Preferably, in a possible embodiment, the second module(s) 70 of the first stage 10 are positioned superimposed on the second module(s) 70 of the second stage 20; furthermore, the second module(s) 70 of the second stage 20 are positioned superimposed on the second module(s) 70 of the third stage 30.

[0189] Preferably, if a stage comprises two or more second modules 70, these are arranged side by side with a second module 70 that fluidly interfaces / connects directly with the fluid connection system 62 of the first module 60, while the other second module(s) 70 of the same stage fluidly connect with the respective second module 70 which is adjacent.

[0190] Preferably, if a stage comprises two or more second modules 70, the apparatus is configured so that:

[0191] - said two or more second modules 70 are arranged side by side along a direction parallel to X,

[0192] - each separation unit 50 of each module 70 extends longitudinally along a respective direction parallel to Y, where the X and Y directions are perpendicular to each other and are also perpendicular to a direction parallel to Z corresponding to the height extension (i.e. the distance from the ground / support base).

[0193] Preferably, in a possible embodiment, the height extension (i.e. along a direction parallel to Z) of the first frame 61 of the first module substantially corresponds to that of the second modules 70, superimposed on each other, of the three stages 10, 20 and 30.

[0194] Preferably, in a possible embodiment, the width extension (i.e. along a direction parallel to Y) of the first frame 61 of the first module is greater than or substantially corresponds to that of the second modules 70 of the three stages 10, 20 and 30.

[0195] In particular, in a possible and preferred embodiment illustrated in the figures, the piping system 62 of the first module 60 comprises:

[0196] - a first feed pipe 14 for the passage of the feed flow 11 towards the inlet of the first stage 10,

[0197] - a first outlet pipe 15 for the passage of the first permeate 12 exiting the first stage 10,

[0198] - a further first outlet pipe 16 for the passage of the first retentate 13 exiting the first stage 10,

[0199] - a second feed pipe 24 for the passage of the first retentate 13 towards the inlet of the second stage 20,

[0200] - a second outlet pipe 25 for the passage of the second permeate 22 exiting the second stage 20, a further second outlet pipe 26 for the passage of the second retentate 23 exiting the second stage 20,

[0201] - a third feed pipe 34 for the passage of the first permeate 12 towards the inlet of the third stage 30, - a third outlet pipe 35 for the passage of the third permeate 32 exiting the third stage 30,

[0202] - a further third outlet pipe 36 for the passage of the third retentate 33 exiting the third stage 30.

[0203] Preferably, the first module 60 comprises said first piping system 62 with also said regulating members 42, 43 and / or 44. Conveniently, said regulating members 42, 43 and / or 44 are mounted on at least a first frame 61 of said first module. Advantageously, the fluid regulation of the first module 60 thus allows the entire apparatus 1 to be regulated.

[0204] Preferably, the first module 60 comprises said at least one first piping system 62 with also said measuring members 45, 46 and / or 47. Conveniently, said measuring members 45, 46 and / or 47 are also mounted on at least one first frame 61 of said first module. Advantageously, it is thus possible to control the operation of the separation stages 10, 20, 30 of the apparatus 1 through a single first module 60.

[0205] Preferably, the first module 60 also comprises monitoring means (not illustrated), such as temperature and flow sensors, to thus detect corresponding quantities of the flows circulating in the respective pipes of the piping system 62 of the first module 60. Conveniently, said monitoring means are also mounted on at least a first frame 61 of said first module 60.

[0206] In a possible embodiment not illustrated in the figures, each second module 70 may comprise (in addition to or as an alternative to those of the first module 60) regulation and / or measurement and / or monitoring members.

[0207] Preferably, the first module 60 also comprises an electrical connections system 65, for example electrical cables, for the electrical connection of said regulating members 42, 43 and / or 44 and / or said measuring members 45, 46 and / or 47 and / or the monitoring means (not illustrated) with an electronic control unit 90, such as for example a PLC.

[0208] Preferably, in one possible embodiment, the electronic control unit 90 is mounted externally with respect to the first module 60.

[0209] Advantageously, the operation of apparatus 1 can thus be - at least partially - automated.

[0210] Preferably, the first module 60 comprises first regulating members 42 - more preferably a pressure regulator - which are mounted on the further third outlet pipe 36 of said first module 60 for the passage of the third retentate 33 exiting the third stage 30. Preferably, the first module 60 comprises first measuring members 45 - more preferably a pressure sensor - which are mounted on the further third outlet pipe 36 of said first module 60 for the passage of the third retentate 33 exiting the third stage 30. Ideally, the first regulating members 42 are controlled on the basis of the readings made by the first measuring members 45.

[0211] Preferably, the first module 60 comprises second regulating members 43 - more preferably a pressure regulator - which are mounted on the further second outlet pipe 26 of said first module 60 for the passage of the second retentate 23 exiting the second stage 20. Preferably, the first module 60 comprises second measuring members 46 - more preferably a pressure sensor - which are mounted on the further second outlet pipe 26 of said first module 60 for the passage of the third retentate 23 exiting the second stage 20. Ideally, the second regulating members 43 are controlled on the basis of the readings made by the second measuring members 46.

[0212] Preferably, the first module 60 comprises third regulating members 44 - more preferably a pressure regulator - which are mounted on a fourth pipe 84 of said first module 60 which is fluidly connected to the third outlet pipe 35 for the passage of the third permeate 32 exiting the third stage 30. Preferably, the first module 60 comprises third measuring members 47 - more preferably a pressure sensor -which are mounted on the fourth pipe 84 of said first module 60 which is fluidly connected to the third outlet pipe 35 for the passage of the third permeate 32 exiting the third stage 30. Ideally, the third regulating members 44 are controlled on the basis of the readings made by the third measuring members 47.

[0213] Preferably, when provided, the compressor 40 is mounted externally with respect to the first module 60.

[0214] Preferably, when provided, the further compressor 48 is mounted externally with respect to the first module 60.

[0215] Preferably, when provided, the vacuum device 41 is mounted externally with respect to the first module 60.

[0216] Preferably, for this purpose, the connections between the pipes of the system 62 of the first module 60 are external with respect to the first module 60 and, in particular, are defined by corresponding connection sections external with respect to said first module 60.

[0217] Advantageously, therefore, the same first module 60 can be used to implement both an apparatus 1 according to the first configuration (see fig. 1 and 2) and an apparatus 1 according to the second configuration (see fig. 3 and 4) and an apparatus 1 according to the third configuration (see fig. 5 and 6), changing the connections with the various further components that are external to the first module 60 depending on the configuration. Advantageously, furthermore, the first module 60 remains the same regardless of the number of second modules 70 provided in each stage 10, 20, 30 and / or regardless of the number and / or type of separation units 50 provided in the second modules 70.

[0218] Advantageously, the number of separation units 50 provided for each stage, as well as the corresponding separation performance, can be easily adapted or modified by simply adding or removing one or more secondary modules 70.

[0219] Advantageously, the number of second modules 70 for each separation stage 10, 20, 30 - and therefore the number of separation units 50 for each separation stage - can vary according to the process configuration (for example between that of fig. 1 or fig. 3 or fig. 5) which is implemented by the apparatus 1 .

[0220] Conveniently, said at least one first frame 61 is configured to act as a support frame for the components of the first module 60.

[0221] Conveniently, the second frame 71 of each second module 70 is configured to act as a support frame for the components of the corresponding second module 70.

[0222] Conveniently, the first frame 61 and each second frame 71 of each second module 70 are mechanically and structurally independent and can be removably associated to each other.

[0223] Conveniently, the second frames 71 of the respective second modules 70 are mechanically independent and can be removably associated to each other.

[0224] Conveniently, the first frame 61 may comprise at least one first frame, for example it may comprise two or more frames.

[0225] Conveniently, each second frame 71 may comprise a corresponding second framework.

[0226] Preferably, the first frame 61 comprises (at least) one structure with respective side members, cross members, and uprights connected to each other. Preferably, the first frame 61 can be made up of multiple structures that can be connected to each other.

[0227] Preferably, each second frame 71 comprises a structure with respective side members, cross members, and uprights connected to each other. It is understood that the first frame 61 and the second frames 71 could have a configuration in terms of shape and dimensions / proportions different from that illustrated in the figures.

[0228] Conveniently, the respective second frames 71 of all second modules 70 are all substantially identical to each other from a structural and dimensional point of view.

[0229] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment (cf. Fig. 12), only one second module 70 can be provided within the same separation stage 10 and / or 20 and / or 30. Conveniently, in one possible embodiment (cf. Figs. 8 - 11), multiple second modules 70 may be provided within the same separation stage 10 and / or 20 and / or 30, preferably structurally adjacent to each other. Preferably, the respective separation units 50 of the second modules 70 of the same separation stage 10 and / or 20 and / or 30 are fluidically connected to each other in parallel.

[0230] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment (cf. Fig. 14), at least a second module 70 may be provided which comprises a single membrane separation unit 50.

[0231] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment (cf. Fig. 15 or 16), at least a second module 70 may be provided that comprises two or more membrane separation units 50 that are fluidically connected to each other in parallel. Preferably, the membrane separation units 50 may be placed side by side and / or superimposed.

[0232] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment (cf. Figs. 8, 10 and 11 ), the apparatus 1 may comprise second modules 70 wherein the separation units 50 of all the second modules 70 are of the same type from the structural and / or performance / operational characteristics point of view.

[0233] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment (cf. Fig. 12), the apparatus 1 may comprise second modules 70 wherein the separation units 50 of the second modules 70 are of a different type from each other from a structural and / or performance / operational characteristics point of view, for example separation units 50 from a first supplier and separation units from another / different supplier can be provided.

[0234] Advantageously, the conformation of the second frame 71 and of the second piping system 72 can be substantially the same even for separation units 50 of different types, in particular also for separation units 50 from different suppliers.

[0235] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 may comprise at least one further frame 80 which is free of separation unit 50. Preferably, said further frame 80 corresponds from a structural and dimensional point of view to the second frame 71 of the second module 70.

[0236] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 comprises a first connecting circuit 81 which is external to the first module 60 and on which the compressor 40 is mounted; the first connecting circuit 81 is fluidically connected upstream to:

[0237] - an inlet pipe 19 to the apparatus 1 for the flow 9 of the gas mixture M to be separated, entering the apparatus,

[0238] - the further third outlet pipe 36 of the first module 60 for the third retentate flow 33,

[0239] - the second outlet pipe 25 of the first module 60 for the second permeate flow 22. and downstream it is fluidly connected to the first feed pipe 14 for the supply flow 11 to the first stage 10.

[0240] In particular, the first module 60 is configured to connect fluidly and mechanically with a first connecting circuit 81 which is external to the first module 60 and on which the compressor 40 is mounted;

[0241] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 comprises, outside the first module 60, a second connecting circuit 82 which is fluidly connected upstream to the first outlet pipe 15 for the permeate flow of the first stage 10 and is fluidly connected downstream to the third feed pipe 34 for the passage of the first permeate 12 towards the inlet of the third stage 30. Conveniently, in a possible configuration (cf. fig. 4), the further compressor 48 can be mounted on the second connecting circuit 82.

[0242] In particular, the first module 60 is configured to connect fluidly and mechanically with said second connecting circuit 82, which is external to the first module 60.

[0243] Conveniently, the apparatus 1 comprises, outside the first module 60, a third connecting circuit 83 which is fluidly connected upstream to the third outlet pipe 35 for the passage of the third permeate 32 exiting the third stage 30 and is fluidly connected downstream to a fourth pipe 84, which is provided inside the first module 60, on which the third regulation members 44 and the third measuring members 47 are mounted. In particular, the first module 60 is configured to connect fluidly and mechanically with said third connecting circuit 83, which is external to the first module 60.

[0244] Conveniently, the first piping system 62 may comprise further arrangements 88 for connecting with circuits and components external to the first module 60. In particular, said further arrangements 88 are configured to allow the first module 60 to interface with the connecting circuits 81 , 82 and 83 (and the respective components) external to the first module itself. Conveniently, the first module 60 comprises a plurality of further arrangements 88 so as to be able to implement various process configurations with the same first module 60, in particular so as to be able to implement at least said first process configuration, said second process configuration and said third process configuration.

[0245] More specifically, said further arrangements 88 may comprise:

[0246] - an arrangement 101 for the inlet of the supply fluid 11 exiting the compressor 40,

[0247] - arrangements 102' and 102" respectively towards / from the possible further compressor 48,

[0248] - an arrangement 103 for the second outlet pipe 25 towards the compressor 40,

[0249] - an arrangement 104 for the exit of the second outlet pipe 26, and in particular for the exit of a flow with a higher concentration of the second gaseous component G2, - arrangement 105' and 105" respectively towards / from the possible vacuum device 41 ,

[0250] - an arrangement 106 for the first exit of the third adjustment means 44 towards the drain 49,

[0251] - an arrangement 107 for the second exit of the third regulation means 44 towards the digester 59.

[0252] Preferably, the first module 60 is sized on the basis of a predefined capacity range, where capacity means the maximum flow rate, expressed in Sm3 / h (i.e. standard cubic meters per hour) at a pressure of 12 barg, of the second retentate 23 exiting the second stage 20 and, in particular, the flow rate passing through second regulation members 43 provided on the flow of the second retentate 23.

[0253] Preferably, the first module 60 can have different sizes in terms of capacity (maximum flow rate), where capacity means the maximum flow rate, expressed in Sm3 / h (i.e. standard cubic meters per hour) at a pressure of 12 barg, of the second retentate 23 exiting the second stage 20 and, in particular, the flow passing through second regulation members 43 provided on the flow of the second retentate 23. For example, at least a first size of the first module 60 can be provided with a capacity (maximum flow rate) of approximately 250 Sm3 / h, and at least a second size of the first module 60 with a capacity (maximum flow rate) of approximately 500 Sm3 / h. Conveniently, the first modules of different size / capacity can have correspondingly different sizing (in particular in terms of diameter) of the first piping system 62.

[0254] Advantageously, between the two sizes of the first module 60, the design of the pipes and the pipe layout of the corresponding first piping system 62 are substantially the same, while the diameters of the pipes and the wall thicknesses of said pipes vary, as do the flow rates for any regulation and / or measurement devices. Conveniently, for example, the first module can have a piping system 61 of PN40 type (i.e., with pipes suitable for operating at a nominal pressure of 40 bar) or a piping system 61 of PN16 type (i.e., with pipes suitable for operating at a nominal pressure of 16 bar).

[0255] Advantageously, regardless of the size of the first module 60, the latter has the same volumetric dimensions. In particular, the volumetric dimensions of the first size of the first module 60 substantially correspond to the volumetric dimensions of the second size of the first module 60.

[0256] For example, advantageously - considering a first size of the first module 60 sized to have a capacity (maximum flow rate) of approximately 250 Sm3 / h, and a second size of the first module 60 sized to have a capacity (maximum flow rate) of approximately 500 Sm3 / h - an apparatus 1 with a required flow rate of 300 Sm3 / h could be configured using a first module 60 of the second size, which is sized to have a capacity (maximum flow rate) of approximately 500 Sm3 / h, and making it operate at lower effective flow rates; subsequently, said apparatus 1 will still be able to sustain higher flow rates than those initially set, and this can be done by maintaining the same first module 60 and changing / increasing the number of second modules 70.

[0257] Advantageously, once the size of the first module 60 has been selected / set and the capacity (maximum flow rate) of device 1 has been defined, the effective flow rate of device 1 - an effective flow rate which may be equal to or less than the maximum flow rate, and which is set based on the required flow rate (for example, requested by the customer) - is defined by varying / setting the number of second modules 70, remaining within the maximum flow rate limit of the first module. Conveniently, the number of second modules 70 depends on the type of membrane separation unit 50 and also on the process configuration (for example, according to the first configuration in Fig. 1 or the second configuration in Fig. 2 or the third configuration in Fig. 3) of the device.

[0258] Conveniently, the sum of the capacities of the second modules 70 may be equal to or less than the capacity (maximum flow rate) of the first module 60. Conveniently, the capacity (maximum flow rate) of a second module 70 corresponds to the sum of the corresponding retentate-side outlet flow rates of the membrane separation units 50 of that module, where the flow rate of a membrane separation unit 50 varies based on model / type and manufacturer / supplier.

[0259] Advantageously, the first module 60 comprises the management, regulation and possible monitoring of the flow of gas mixture M entering the apparatus 1 and arriving from the outside (such as, for example, the biogas arriving from the pre-treatment), of the flow of the second retentate 23 towards the outlet of the apparatus 1 (such as, for example, the flow of biogas treated in such a way as to have a higher concentration of methane), of the flow of the third permeate 32 (such as, for example, the flow of carbon dioxide separated from the biogas towards a possible further recovery module to thus have a “zero off-gas emission" solution).

[0260] Preferably, the first module 60 may comprise at least one safety valve 93.

[0261] Advantageously, the modular solution of the apparatus 1 allows for implementing, in the third process configuration, the use of both the vacuum device 41 and a recovery module on the third permeate flow 32, thus having a “zero off-gas emission" solution. Advantageously, in a possible embodiment, the apparatus 1 - and in particular the first module 60 with one or more second modules 70 - can be housed inside a container.

[0262] DESIGN METHOD

[0263] The present invention also relates to a method for designing / configuring an apparatus 1 for the treatment said gas mixture M, and wherein said method comprises the following steps:

[0264] - a first module 60 is selected between two or more first modules 60 having predefined sizes and different from each other in terms of sizing of the respective first piping system 62,

[0265] - for each separation stage 10, 20, 30, the number of second modules 70 to be connected fluidically and mechanically to said first module 60 and / or to each other is defined.

[0266] Conveniently, the size of the first module 60 is selected based on the required flow rate and, in particular, is selected so that the capacity (maximum flow rate) of said first module 60 is equal to or greater than the required flow rate for apparatus 1. Conveniently, the number of second modules 70 is set so that the actual flow rate of apparatus 1 is equal to the required flow rate and, in particular, is set so as to achieve the capacity (maximum flow rate) set by the size selected for the first module 60.

[0267] Conveniently, the number of second modules 70 is also selected based on the type and number of membrane separation units 50 of each second module and based on the process configuration of apparatus 1.

[0268] ASSEMBLY METHOD

[0269] The present invention also relates to a method for assembling an apparatus 1 for treating said gas mixture M, and wherein said method comprises the following steps:

[0270] - at least one second module 70, already prepared, for each separation stage 10, 20, 30, is connected fluidly and mechanically to a first module 60, already prepared,

[0271] - eventually, for each separation stage 10, 20, 30, a further second module 70, already prepared, is fluidly and mechanically connected to the second module 70 connected to the first module 60,

[0272] - the first module 60 is fluidly and mechanically connected to other components of the apparatus 1 external to the first module 60, such as for example a compressor 40, a further compressor 48 and / or a vacuum device 41 .

[0273] The present invention also relates to a plant for the production of biomethane comprising an apparatus 1 , as described above and / or illustrated in the figures, for treating biogas in order to separate carbon dioxide from biomethane. ADVANTAGES

[0274] From what has been said it is clear that the solution according to the invention is particularly advantageous as it allows the intended objects to be achieved and, in particular:

[0275] - the modularization of the device allows the use of standard components, resulting in reduced component purchase costs, faster procurement times, reduced engineering times and the possibility of implementing improvement activities,

[0276] - it allows for repetitive assembly of the apparatus, resulting in a reduction in the corresponding assembly times,

[0277] - it allows to easily predict the number of second modules needed based on the capacity and space occupied, thus reducing the time needed to prepare the offer to the customer,

[0278] - it allows the use of any type of membrane separation unit, even from different suppliers; this allows the choice of the type of membrane separation unit to be used to be postponed until the assembly phase,

[0279] - with two possible sizing / sizes of the first module and then acting on the number of second modules it is possible to essentially create devices with any capacity up to 500 Sm3 / h, thus reducing engineering times,

[0280] - it allows for high flexibility in sizing the capacity of the apparatus, even years after its initial start-up.

[0281] The present invention has been illustrated and described in some of its preferred embodiments, but it is understood that executive variations may be made to them in practice, without however departing from the scope of protection of the present patent for industrial invention.

Claims

C L A I M S1. Apparatus (1) for treating a mixture (M) of gases, containing a first gaseous component (G1 ) and at least one second gaseous component (G2), so as to separate said first gaseous component (G1) from said second gaseous component (G2), said apparatus (1) being configured to implement a process configuration comprising at least one separation stage (10, 20, 30) of the membrane type, said apparatus is characterised by comprising: a first module (60) comprising at least a first frame (61) on which a first piping system (62) is mounted, at least two second modules (70, 70', 70"), and wherein each second module (70, 70', 70") comprises:■ at least one second frame (71 ),■ at least one membrane separation unit (50) of said at least one separation stage (10, 20, 30) which is mounted on said second frame (71 ), and wherein said first piping system (62) of the first module (60) is connected, or is intended to be connected, with said at least one separation unit (50) of at least two second modules (70, 70', 70").

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each second module (70) comprises a second piping system (72) fluidly connected to each separation unit (50) of the corresponding second module (70), and wherein the second piping system (72) of at least one second module (70) is connected or is intended to be connected to corresponding piping of the first piping system (62) of the first module (60).

3. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said at least two second modules (70', 70") are fluidically connected in series.

4. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said at least two second modules (70', 70") are fluidically connected in parallel.

5. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the first piping system (62) of the first module (60) is fluidly connected upstream, or at the inlet, with at least one of said at least two second modules (70) and is also fluidly connected downstream, or at the outlet, with at least another of said at least two second modules (70).

6. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said apparatus (1 ) comprises, in at least one separation stage (10, 20, 30), at least two second modules (70', 70") which are connected or connectable to each other, preferably by respective second piping systems (72) of said second modules (70', 70").

7. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said apparatus (1) comprises at least two second modules (70', 70") which are fluidically connected in series to each other through the first piping system (62) of the first module (60).

8. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said apparatus (1) comprises at least two second modules (70', 70") which are fluidically connected in parallel to each other by means of a mechanical connection, preferably by means of a mechanical connection of respective pipes of the second piping system (72).

9. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein:- at least one separation stage (10, 20, 30) comprises at least two second modules (70) which are fluidically connected in parallel to each other,- at least one second module (70) of one stage is fluidically connected in series with at least one second module (70) of another stage, preferably via the first piping system (62) of the first module (60).

10. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein each second module (70) with at least one respective separation unit (50), thus defining a separation stage (10, 20, 30), interfaces through the first module (60) with the inlet of the apparatus (1) and / or with at least one separation unit (50) of at least one other second module (70) of another separation stage (10, 20, 30).

11. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said apparatus (1 ) is configured to implement a process configuration with: a first stage (10) of separation of the feed flow (11) which comprises the flow (9), entering the apparatus (1 ), of the mixture (M) of gases to be separated, and wherein said mixture (M) comprises a first gaseous component (G1 ) and at least a second gaseous component (G2), a second stage (20) of separation of the retentate of the first stage (10), a third stage (30) of separation of the permeate of the first stage (10), and wherein: said apparatus (1) comprises at least three second modules (70), each of said three separation stages (10, 20 and 30) comprises at least one second module (70), said first piping system (62) of the first module (60) is connected or is intended to be connected to said at least one separation unit (50) of said at least three second modules (70).

12. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein: each second module (70) comprises a respective second piping system (72), and said second piping system (72) of each of said at least three second modules (70) is connected, or is intended to be connected, with corresponding pipes of the first piping system (62) of the first module (60).

13. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein:- said at least one second module (70) of said first stage (10) is positioned superimposed on said at least one second module (70) of the second stage (20), and / or- said at least one second module (70) of said second stage (20) is positioned superimposed on said at least one second module (70) of the third stage (30).

14. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the second modules (70) of a same stage (10, 20, 30) are arranged side by side.

15. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein:- said two or more second modules (70) of the same stage are arranged side by side along a direction parallel to X,- each separation unit (50) of each module (70) of the same stage extends longitudinally along a respective direction parallel to Y, wherein the X and Y directions are perpendicular to each other and are also perpendicular to a direction parallel to Z corresponding to the height extension.

16. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said first piping system (62) of the first module (60) comprises a feed pipe for the passage of a corresponding flow towards the inlet of each separation stage (10, 20, 30).

17. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said first piping system (62) of the first module (60) comprises: a first feed pipe (14) for a feed flow (11) to the inlet of the first stage (10) a first outlet pipe (15) for the permeate flow of the first stage (10), a further first outlet pipe (16) for the retentate flow of the first stage (10).

18. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the second piping system (72) of each second module (70) comprises: a fluid supply circuit (73) for transporting the flow to be separated, coming from a corresponding pipe of the first piping system (62) of the first module (60), to the inlet opening of each separation unit (50),a permeate outlet fluid circuit (74) for transporting the corresponding permeate flow exiting each separation unit (50) towards a corresponding pipe of the first piping system (62) of the first module (60), a retentate outlet fluid circuit (75) for transporting the corresponding retentate flow exiting each separation unit (50) towards a corresponding pipe of the first piping system (62) of the first module (60).

19. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein:- the fluid supply circuit (73) of a second module (70) is configured to interface and connect with the first pipe (1 ) of the first module (60),- the permeated outlet fluid circuit (74) of a second module (70) is configured to interface and connect with the first outlet pipe (15) of the first module (60),- the retentate output fluid circuit (75) of a second module (70) is configured to interface and connect with the further first output pipe (16) of the first module (60).

20. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said first piping system (62) of the first module (60) comprises: a first feed pipe (14) for a feed flow (11) to the inlet of the first stage (10), a first outlet pipe (15) for the first permeate (12) exiting the first stage (10), a further first outlet pipe (16) for the first retentate (13) exiting the first stage (10), a second feed pipe (24) for the first retentate (13) towards the inlet of the second stage (20), a second outlet pipe (25) for the second permeate (22) exiting the second stage (20), a further second outlet pipe (26) for the second retentate (23) exiting the second stage (20), a third feed pipe (34) for the first permeate (12) towards the inlet of the third stage (30), a third outlet pipe (35) for the third permeate (32) exiting the third stage (30), a further third outlet pipe (36) for the third retentate (33) exiting the third stage (30).

21. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the first module (60) comprises said first piping system (62) also with regulating members (42, 43, 44).

22. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the first module (60) comprises said first piping system (62) also with measuring members (45, 46 and / or 47), preferably for controlling said regulating members (42, 43, 44).

23. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the first module (60) also comprises an electrical connections system (65) for the electrical connection of regulating members (42, 43 and / or 44) and / or measuring members (45, 46 and / or 47) and / or monitoring means with an electronic control unit (90).

24. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the first frame (61) of the first module (60) and each second frame (71) of each second module (70) are mechanically independent and can be removably associated to each other.

25. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the second frames (71) of respective second modules (70) are mechanically independent and can be removably associated to each other.

26. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said first module (60) is configured to connect fluidly and mechanically with: a first connecting circuit (81 ) which is external to the first module (60) and on which a compressor (40) is mounted, said first connecting circuit (81) being fluidically connected upstream with:■ an inlet pipe (19) to the apparatus (1) for the flow (9) of the gas mixture M to be separated, entering the apparatus,■ the further third outlet tube (36) of the first module (60) for the third retentate flow (33),■ the second outlet pipe (25) of the first module (60) for the second permeate flow (22), and downstream being fluidically connected with the first feed pipe (14) for the feed flow (11 ) to the first stage (10), and / or with a second connecting circuit (82), which is external to the first module (60) and is possibly provided with a further compressor (48), said second connecting circuit (82) being fluidically connected upstream with the first outlet pipe (15) for the permeate flow of the first stage (10) and fluidically connected downstream with the third feed pipe (34) for the passage of the first permeate (12) towards the inlet of the third stage (30), and / or with a third connecting circuit (83), external to the first module (60), which is fluidly connected upstream with the third outlet pipe (35) for the passage of the third permeate (32) exiting from the third stage (30) and is fluidly connected downstream with a fourth pipe (84), which is provided inside the first module (60), and on which the third regulation members (44) and the third measuring members (47) are preferably mounted.

27. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said first piping system (62) comprises further arrangements (88) for connecting with circuits and components external to the first module (60), and wherein said further arrangements (88) comprise:- an arrangement (101) for the inlet of the feed fluid (11) exiting from a compressor(40),- arrangements (102', 102") respectively towards / from a possible further compressor (48),- an arrangement (103) for the second outlet pipe (25) towards the compressor (40),- an arrangement (104) for the exit of the second outlet pipe (26), and in particular for the exit of a flow with a higher concentration of the second gaseous component (G2),- arrangements (105', 105") respectively towards / from a possible vacuum device(41 ),- an arrangement (106) for a first exit of the third regulating means (44) towards a drain (49),- an arrangement (107) for a second outlet of the third regulating means (44) towards a digester (59).

28. Method for designing / configuring an apparatus (1) for treating said mixture M of gases, and wherein said method comprises the following steps:- a first module (60) is selected between two or more first modules (60) having predefined sizes and different from each other in terms of sizing of the respective first piping system (62),- for each separation stage (10, 20, 30), the number of second modules (70) to be connected fluidly and mechanically to said first module (60) and / or to each other is defined.

29. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the size of the first module (60) is selected based on the required flow rate, preferably it is selected so that the maximum flow rate of said first module (60) is equal to or greater than the flow rate required for the apparatus (1 ).

30. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the number of second modules (70) is set so that the effective flow rate of the apparatus (1 ) is equal to the required flow rate, preferably so as to reach the maximum flow rate set by the size selected for the first module (60).

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