Method for improving power-supply and power-receiving capacity and economy of power distribution system

Abstract

A power converter is used and can be composed of electrical devices such as a transformer, and a corresponding power electronic device, a microelectronic device, a communication device and the like. By introducing three voltage classes, i.e., a low voltage at 0.999 kilovolt, a medium voltage at 27.5 kilovolts, and a high voltage at 275 kilovolts, the voltage classes below 500 / 400 kilovolts are optimized and simplified, and a step-down substation below 500 / 400 kilovolts is canceled. When the power-supply capacity and the power-receiving capacity are both significantly increased, the total length of high-voltage power transmission lines and the total length of power distribution lines below 500 / 400 kilovolts are both significantly reduced, the power supply radius is significantly increased, the power supply loss is significantly reduced, the resources such as land and non-ferrous metals occupied by the power facilities are significantly reduced, the power supply quality is significantly improved, and the economic benefits are significantly improved. The present invention is suitable for high-speed trains or multiple unit trains, communication base stations and the like. The present invention achieves rational or even most rational and optimal configuration and distribution of energy and information related to power in the field of power distribution.

Description

Method for improving power supply and receiving capacity and economy of power distribution system TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power transmission and distribution, and particularly relates to a method for improving power supply and receiving capacity and economy of a power distribution system. BACKGROUND

[0002] A large-scale power system appeared in the late 19th century, and power generation is composed of power generation, power transmission, power transformation, power distribution and power consumption.

[0003] There are numerous voltage levels, corresponding power transmission (or power distribution) lines and corresponding substations (or converter stations), and "countless" low-voltage or high-voltage power terminal users, a large number of electricity metering and electricity collection repetitive business processes, and a large number of protection devices such as air switches and leakage protectors, and a large number of electricity collection, fee collection, and arrears business, and overvoltage and undervoltage of users, and various prevention and punishment of low-voltage user electricity stealing behavior, and calculation and statistics of low-voltage power distribution system line loss, and a large number of related businesses of low-voltage power distribution system and medium-voltage power distribution system capacity expansion.

[0004] In addition, various new energy power generations such as wind power, photovoltaic power generation, tidal power generation, various forms of energy storage power generation, and micro-grid new energy are connected to the power grid or directly consumed by users, and the original power distribution network system capacity is obviously insufficient or close to the critical value, resulting in events such as light (photovoltaic) and wind (wind power) abandonment, and is not conducive to the safe operation of the power distribution system.

[0005] [According to Rule 26, 26.05.2025] In addition, in many places, the load grows rapidly, such as the use and popularity of high-power household appliances, and the emergence and even popularity of electric vehicles, resulting in insufficient capacity of the current 220-volt, 110-volt low-voltage power distribution system and 10-kilovolt and part of the 20-kilovolt medium-voltage power distribution system.

[0006] In addition, almost every family has a gas or natural gas pipeline, and the central heating pipeline in the northern region of China or uses gas or coal or burns straw for heating and cooking. These heating and cooking equipment has low combustion efficiency, and has a large safety hazard, is not environmentally friendly, and is not economical.

[0007] In addition, almost all residential buildings or buildings or office buildings must have office telephone lines or optical lines or cable television lines or other communication cables. These cables (and related equipment or facilities) are numerous and complex, and the design, construction and maintenance are troublesome and complex, and often belong to multiple different companies for operation and management, but they are doing the same thing, that is, data (information) transmission.

[0008] And, almost all citizens almost everyone has one or two mobile phones and other wearable devices that can communicate. At the same time, it is currently an era of Internet of Things, and a large number of 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G… communication base stations need to be built, especially the base station density of 4G, 5G, etc. The total power consumption is very large, which is called the power tiger that eats electricity, and most macro base stations need to build special towers (or poles) and corresponding housing civil engineering, and at the same time a good set of lightning protection measures and other protection measures are also required. Then install equipment, connect power, and 5G macro base stations can work normally. At the same time, there are communication rooms or communication screens in the substation or converter station, and almost all of them have at least two independent optical cables for backup.

[0009] And, high-speed rail or EMU needs to build a large number of traction substations along the line, and needs to build a long catenary along the line and numerous complex auxiliary facilities of the contact network, and various accidents related to the catenary are frequent, and there are also problems such as commutation and three-phase current imbalance and interference with communication.

[0010] And one of the most relevant to the invention is the voltage level below 500 (400) kV. Take AC as an example: 1. Low-voltage AC 220V or 110V, etc.; 2. Medium-voltage distribution voltage level 10 kV or 20 kV (or related to the invention is the voltage level of electrified railway AC 25 kV, which is actually often operated at about 27.5 kV), etc.; 3. High-voltage transmission voltage level AC 220 kV, etc.

[0011] The determination of the current 110-volt (originally should be the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of direct current, and later gradually evolved into the phase voltage or AC line voltage of alternating current) and 220-volt (originally should also be the phase voltage of alternating current) standard voltage is the result of rounding to the nearest integer at the beginning (around 1880-2020), rather than the result of scientific calculation based on accurate statistics of a large amount of data. That is: rounding to the nearest integer 100 volts, rounding to the nearest integer 200 volts, the reason is: considering that there is a line loss voltage of about 10% between the user and the first end of the power generation side or transmission side, so the voltage at the power generation side or transmission side is 110% of the voltage at the end user, that is: 110 volts (originally direct current, gradually evolved into 110 volts of alternating current) and 220 volts (alternating current, phase voltage), it was later found that the power equipment and lines at the first end of the transmission side user can still run safely and reliably for a long time under the 110% voltage of the rounded integer (100 volts and 200 volts), and the key is more economical! Therefore, gradually evolved into 110 volts (from the original 100 volts of direct current to 110 volts of alternating current) and 220 volts (from the original 200 volts of alternating current to 220 volts of alternating current) as the universal low-voltage voltage level standard; as for 10 kilovolts and 20 kilovolts, it is also obvious that they are rounded to the nearest integer; as for 35 kilovolts, it is also rounded to the nearest integer, because the phase voltage is 20 kilovolts, and the line voltage is 35 kilovolts (approximately) …… The voltage levels of 66 kilovolts, 110 kilovolts, 220 kilovolts, 330 kilovolts that followed are all the result of continuing the habit of rounding the integer 100 or 200 to 110% to 110 volts and 220 volts, that is, the integer 60, 100, 200, 300 …… The integer 110% is the rated voltage level, rather than the result of scientific calculation based on accurate statistics of a large amount of data. Therefore, the widely used 110 volts, 220 volts, 10 (11) kilovolts, 20 (22) kilovolts, 35 kilovolts (phase voltage is 22 kilovolts), 66 kilovolts, 110 kilovolts, 220 kilovolts, 330 kilovolts, etc. are inherently problematic and inherently unscientific.

[0012] [According to Rule 26, corrected 26.05.2025] SUMMARY

[0013] The purposes of the present application are: (1) 1. The total cost (including the labor cost of all scheduling, operation, maintenance, and business, service, etc. personnel, and the total equipment cost) is the lowest in the life cycle of several devices; 2. The resource occupation is the least; 3. The environmental loss is the least; 4. It has fashionability, such as: beautiful and small maintenance-free, interconnection, intelligence, and information high-speed transmission, computer chip computing speed extremely fast, etc. (2) Cancel the step-down substation below 330 kV or 400 kV or 500 kV. Including canceling the step-down traction substation of high-speed rail motor car, and the long catenary along the railway track line, or the power rail, or the short-distance power wireless transmission and receiving system, and the corresponding complicated and numerous auxiliary equipment, such as, canceling the catenary and auxiliary facilities and the corresponding secondary protection equipment, etc. (3) Cancel the special communication base station or macro base station near the power transmission line or distribution line, such as within 100-200 meters.

[0014] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, one of the cores of the present application: uses or proposes three new voltage levels (in the AC system example). Namely: low-voltage voltage level: 0.999 kilovolts (phase voltage); medium-voltage distribution voltage level: 27.5 kilovolts; high-voltage transmission voltage level: 275 kilovolts. Through the introduction of these three voltage levels, the extra-high voltage level (note: does not include the 330 kilovolt voltage level, because the original 330 kilovolt voltage level is cancelled or replaced). The following voltage levels are optimized, striving for the least number of substation levels in the 500 kilovolt or below voltage reduction field of the power system, and the least total cost (including all related labor costs, including the cost of related equipment and labor costs for electricity collection in the electricity marketing field) within the life cycle of several devices. Explanation of the origin of the three voltage levels: The first voltage level AC: 0.999 kilovolts (phase voltage. That is: 999 volts). Reason: The highest low-voltage distribution line voltage (voltage level) under the current regulations. Its safety and the reliability of its insulation materials after many years of operation are not very different or very significant from 220-volt or 110-volt low-voltage, and its properties belong to the same level, with only a "tiny" difference in quantity. The second voltage level AC: 27.5 kilovolts. Reason: If the voltage is increased, the insulation of the distribution line and various devices on the distribution line (mainly the total cost of the insulation part of the 27.5 kilovolt insulated line and the insulator and the insulation part of the voltage reduction distribution transformer on the line) The total cost increases too fast, and the economy decreases. 27.5 kilovolts, between high-voltage distribution and medium-voltage distribution (for this invention, between high-voltage transmission and low-voltage distribution), is the closest to the most economical voltage of the medium-voltage level. The third voltage level: 275 kilovolts. Reason: Below the lower limit of the extra-high voltage line, the environmental impact is very small, completely meets the standard under normal weather conditions (most weather), and its environmental impact is completely acceptable, that is: the electromagnetic, sound, radio interference, etc. Environmental impact is completely acceptable and can be ignored in most cases. The upper limit value (around) of the highest high-voltage transmission line, which can be well compatible or linked to the two widely used extra-high voltage and / or ultra-high voltage sequences, that is: 275 kilovolts (the original sequence is 220 kilovolts) / 500 kilovolts / 1000 kilovolts voltage sequence; and 275 kilovolts (the original sequence is 330 kilovolts) / 750 kilovolts / 1500 kilovolts sequence. That is, there are no 220 kilovolt and 330 kilovolt voltage levels, and 275 kilovolts replaces these two voltage levels.

[0015] Another core used (or proposed) by the present invention is the concept of electric energy converter. Electric energy converter refers to the general term of electric devices and auxiliary devices that can convert, transmit, control, detect, measure, and have the functions of recording, self-diagnosis, comparison, protection, communication, interaction, decision-making, and execution of electric energy of three-phase alternating current or two-phase alternating current or single-phase alternating current or single-pole direct current or two-pole direct current or multi-pole direct current. In an alternating current system, it can be understood as a small "voltage reduction substation"; in a direct current system or an alternating current and direct current hybrid current system, it can be understood as a small "converter station" or a small "inverter".

[0016] The 275kV / 27.5kV electric energy converter of the high-voltage transmission line of the present application can be understood as a small "voltage reduction substation", the main equipment of the electric energy converter, such as the main transformer, the main primary switch, the main secondary switch, etc., can be arranged in the 275kV transmission line tower, mainly in the middle part of the original tower, and can also extend a small part of the tower; or arranged in the foundation at the bottom of the transmission tower (in the protection zone inside or around the tower foundation). The capacity of the main transformer of the "voltage reduction substation" is about 63000-120000 kVA, the incoming line of the primary side 275kV high-voltage transmission line is generally 2, and the outgoing line of the secondary side 27.5kV high-voltage distribution line is generally 4, all the equipment uses small and compact equipment, and the almost idle useless space part in the middle of the transmission tower (here mainly refers to the original 275kV transmission tower) is used, and the idle "volume" is enough. The primary side (275kV) is introduced along the transmission tower, and the outgoing line (27.5kV line) of the secondary side is distributed along the high-voltage transmission line (275kV), that is, the 27.5kV medium-voltage distribution line is below the 275kV high-voltage transmission line (and also can be a 999V low-voltage distribution line below the 27.5kV medium-voltage distribution line), and the 27.5kV medium-voltage distribution line below can be two adjacent "voltage reduction substations" (electric energy converters) tie lines. At this time, the 27.5kV medium-voltage distribution line is in the 275kV high-voltage transmission line corridor, and more often, according to the load requirement, T connects and branches to multiple 27.5kV medium-voltage distribution lines. The distance between the two adjacent towers of the present 220kV and 330kV transmission lines is mostly 100-400m, therefore, the distance between the two adjacent towers of the present 275kV transmission line is also mostly 100-400m, and a sufficient number and capacity of 275kV / 27.5kV "voltage reduction substations" (electric energy converters) can be arranged according to the load requirement, and in general, the same-tower double-circuit high-voltage transmission line 275kV is set every 1-2km in large cities or extra-large cities or large load areas, and a 275kV / 27.5kV "voltage reduction substation" (electric energy converter) is set every 10-20km in small load areas in towns and villages, etc. A plurality of communication base stations can be arranged in the protection zone of the primary power line according to the requirement, and the two power lines of the primary power line are mutually reserved.

[0017] Similarly, the 27.5 kV / 0.999 kV power converter of the medium-voltage distribution line can be understood as a small "step-down substation", which is also handled in this way. That is: the inside of the 27.5 kV medium-voltage distribution line tower (mainly the middle part of the 27.5 kV medium-voltage distribution tower, which can also extend a small part of the 27.5 kV medium-voltage distribution tower; or in the form of a traditional distribution double-pole substation) or the bottom of the foundation of the transmission tower (inside the tower foundation or within the protection zone around the tower foundation). The main transformer capacity of this "step-down substation" (power converter) is generally a medium-sized transformer with a capacity of 800-12000 kVA, or even a large transformer with a larger capacity, but almost no small transformer with a capacity below 630 kVA is used. The traditional 220V (phase voltage) distribution system has the so-called "small capacity, dense point" disadvantage, because the traditional 220V (phase voltage) power supply radius is generally not more than 0.5 km, while the low-voltage 999V (phase voltage) power supply radius of the present application is generally not more than 2.5 km, and strictly speaking, the power supply radius of the present application is generally not more than 2.0 km is more appropriate, and the actual power supply radius should be within the interval of 1.0-2.0 km is more reasonable. Therefore, the present application does not have the so-called "small capacity, dense point" problem of distribution transformers. Therefore, the primary side of the "step-down substation" is the 27.5 kV high-voltage distribution line, generally 2 returns; the secondary side low-voltage output 999V (phase voltage) is generally 4 returns. The low-voltage 999V (phase voltage) outgoing line can be set along the 27.5 kV medium-voltage distribution line below, and the 999V low-voltage distribution line is the tie line (trunk line) of the two adjacent 27.5 kV / 999V "step-down substations", and at the same time, more often according to the needs of the load T, branch to a large number of 999 low-voltage distribution line routes. Set up several communication base stations in the protection zone of the primary power line as needed, and the two primary power lines are mutually reserved.

[0018] For low voltage 999 volts (phase voltage) wiring route adopts three-phase three-wire system, generally is two-phase or single-phase or three-phase directly into the house, just set in the user's original distribution box or outdoor meter box, etc. However, three-phase 999V (phase voltage) or two-phase 999V (phase voltage) is generally not used, because the capacity is too large, the general residents can not use. Should use single-phase 999V (phase voltage) access to the home or outdoor of the residents, through the low-voltage transformer (the main equipment of low-voltage power converter) to 999V (phase voltage) into 220V or 110V for civilian use. Low voltage 999V / 220V (or 999V / 110V) transformer (the main equipment of low-voltage power converter) capacity is generally 30kW - 50kW, the no-load loss is very low, about 5W-10W or so. The primary side of the transformer is provided with a 999V switch, and the secondary side is provided with 220V (or 110V) switches 4-8, and a voltage regulating switch is arranged in the low-voltage transformer (the main equipment of low-voltage power converter), which can be a load regulating switch or a no-load regulating switch. At present, the no-load regulating switch is preferred, when the secondary voltage is unqualified, the transformer is tripped all the switches, the corresponding no-load regulating is carried out, finally, the corresponding switch is closed. At this time, the "substation" (power converter) 999V / 220 or 999V / 110 has a size of about 250mm*300mm*350 (90%-110% of a common single pillow), and the price is about 1.2 times of 3-5 thousand yuan. A plurality of communication base stations can be arranged on the primary 999-volt power line as needed.

[0019] Therefore, the application solves the problems of site selection, land occupation, planning and design of low-voltage substation with voltage grade of 500kV (or 400kV or 330kV) or below.

[0020] In addition, in the prior art, the load regulating voltage tap device of the high-voltage step-down transformer is not only unreliable itself, but also increases the complexity of the overall design of the transformer. The on-load regulating transformer inevitably generates arc due to load regulation of voltage, which accumulates ionized transformer oil to make the gas in the on-load regulating transformer overflow, and sometimes causes misoperation or mis-signaling. The large-capacity transformer with on-load regulating tap indeed has certain influence on reliable operation of the transformer, increases investment and operation and maintenance cost, and after the on-load regulating tap is arranged, the volume of the transformer is larger than that of the same capacity transformer, which not only increases the investment of the transformer, but also increases the operation and maintenance cost. The on-load regulating device of the high-voltage step-down transformer (not including the regulating capacitor and the on-load regulating device of the transformer in the low-voltage alternating current power converter) is cancelled in principle.

[0021] The primary side power supply of the electric energy converter of the present application can be an extra-high voltage transmission line or an ultra-high voltage transmission line or a high voltage transmission line or a high voltage distribution line or a medium voltage distribution line or a low voltage distribution line (such as AC 999 volts, DC 1499 volts), and the secondary side output of the electric energy converter of the present application can be DC or AC.

[0022] The present application cancels, in principle, the step-down substation (330 kV-10 kV), such as 380 / 220 (in Europe), 330 / 110, 220 / 110, 275 / 20, 220 / 66, 110 / 35 / 10, 66 / 20, 66 / 10, 35 / 10, 20 / 0.38, 20 / 0.19, 10 / 0.38, 10 / 0.19, etc., and instead disperses the capacity of the original substation, and disperses the capacity of the substation to zero to the transmission line protection area (inside the transmission corridor, inside the tower) of the transmission line that must pass through the high voltage side (incoming line side) of the substation; and cancels or cancels in principle the voltage levels of 110, 66, 35, 20, 10, cancels the original 330, 220 voltage levels and adds a high voltage transmission level of 275 kV and a medium voltage distribution voltage level of 27.5 kV (or 25 kV. The same as the ground voltage of the contact network of high-speed rail in most countries in the world.) and a low voltage of 999 volts (AC, phase voltage) or 1499 volts or (DC, single-pole ground voltage).

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: the voltage level below 500 kV (or 400 kV) is optimally configured, and the substation level is minimized; there is no problem of site selection of step-down substations with voltage below 500 kV (or 400 kV); there is no problem of planning selection of the primary and secondary incoming line corridors of substations with voltage below 500 kV (or 400 kV); there is no problem of unreliable action of on-load devices of transformers for high voltage step-down below 500 kV (or 400 kV), and the problem of complex maintenance; there is no problem of unqualified voltage value of low voltage users; the loss of each line of the distribution system can be accurately calculated; there is no problem of burning of low voltage user appliances due to broken neutral line; there is no problem of arrears; there is no problem of electricity theft or immediate discovery of electricity theft; the work of dispatching, operation, maintenance, and business is minimized; the DC line of DC extra-high voltage, DC ultra-high voltage, and DC high voltage transmission line can have as many drop points as needed in the middle; there is no problem of leakage, explosion, poisoning, and burning of coal gas, natural gas, etc.

[0024] Cancel the high-speed rail, motor car, etc. The voltage of the traction substation and the long catenary or power rail or non-contact induction power device, etc. There is no problem of low load rate of traction substation, and three-phase system imbalance, and catenary wear problem, and long catenary accident problem, and catenary exists in the commutation interval problem, and the insulation interval between the interval problem, and the contact arc wear problem, and the contact arc vibration, and two contact arc can not be powered at the same time, and the resistance value of the rail conductive system is unstable and the pure existence of electric corrosion and interference communication and other problems. Use solid-state batteries or fuel cells, etc. Make high-speed rail or motor car or subway, etc. The operation is more economical, and the passenger and cargo capacity is significantly improved. And during the idle, maintenance, etc. of high-speed rail motor car, etc. Charge during the low valley of the power grid and discharge during the peak of the power grid (a kind of energy storage power generation form), the passenger capacity is significantly improved.

[0025] Cancel the wireless communication base station within 100-200 meters around the overhead power line (and hang the communication base station on the wire, etc.), there is no problem of site selection and land occupation of communication base station and / or tower, there is no problem of line loss of communication base station power, there is no problem of lightning protection of communication base station, there is no problem of damage of communication base station by human destruction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application is described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] 275kV high voltage transmission line power supply is outputted by 275kV high voltage line or by extra-high voltage line through power converter; 27.5kV medium voltage distribution line power supply is outputted by 275kV high voltage transmission line through power converter; 999V (phase voltage) low voltage distribution line power supply is outputted by 27.5kV medium voltage distribution line through power converter, and the end of 999V low voltage distribution line has or is near or has at any part of the line branch 0.999kV / 0.380kV or 0.999kV / 0.22kV or 0.999kV / 0.19kV or 0.999kV / 0.11kV low voltage power converter (in AC system, the main equipment can be small transformer, and there are air switch, measuring element, control element, protection element, computing element, self-diagnosis part, communication part, etc.), which converts 999V three-phase power or 999V two-phase power or 999V single-phase power into low voltage of the country's residents, such as 0.380kV, 0.220kV, or 0.19kV, 0.11kV, etc.

[0029] The low-voltage AC power converter used by ordinary households is mainly a single-phase transformer with a capacity of 30-50 kW at 999V / 220V. At this time, the transformer is the core component of the low-voltage AC power converter in the AC system. The volume of the transformer is about 200*250*300 mm. The no-load loss of the transformer is about 10W, which is a must, even if the no-load loss is about 5W. Because every household is often in continuous 24-hour uninterrupted operation, the cumulative no-load loss of the 999V / 220V low-voltage AC power converter is a huge number. However, the cumulative no-load loss of the 999V / 220V transformer is not in the same league as the cumulative loss of the 380V / 220V or 190V / 110V low-voltage system (note: here refers to the line loss of the low-voltage system). The ratio of their cumulative losses is about 1:10. The capacity of the low-voltage AC 999V / 220V transformer (low-voltage AC power converter) is generally 30-50 kW, and the transformer is equipped with corresponding switching elements, measurement elements, control elements, protection elements, communication parts, etc. The overall volume is about 250*300*350 mm, and the cost is about 3000-5000 yuan (RMB) or so. The average monthly electricity consumption of each household is about 500-1000 kWh, or at least 500-1000 kWh per month. Because: 1. Electricity completely replaces gas, and the power of high-power electromagnetic heating stoves is about 5-8 kW, while hotels and restaurants use electromagnetic stoves with a power of 0.2-12 kW and 2-20 units; 2. Electricity completely replaces central heating, and the use of electric heating or air conditioning has a power of about 8-15 kW; 3. The use of instant electric water heaters instead of energy storage electric water heaters has a power of about 10-12 kW; 4. The total power of other household appliances is 5-10 kW.

[0030] In this way, the pipeline into the ordinary resident's house is greatly simplified. The gas or natural gas pipeline is saved; the central heating pipeline is saved. Because: gas, natural gas, and central heating are essentially the use of energy (thermal energy), and electricity can completely replace it, completely solving the technical problems of poisoning, burning, leakage, and explosion caused by gas and natural gas that cannot be completely solved, and being more safe, more environmentally friendly, more energy-efficient, more economical, safer, more environmentally friendly, and more efficient. The comprehensive evaluation of each indicator is better, the infrastructure of the resident's house is greatly simplified, the indoor space utilization rate is higher, it is more beautiful, and it is more conducive to intelligent development, or it has greater intelligent development space.

[0031] And, the telephone line or limited television or communication cable or optical cable in the ordinary resident's home is saved, because the low-voltage line can transmit data while transmitting power. Through corresponding technical measures, communication can be uninterrupted in the case of power failure or tripping. Or, when the low-voltage power supply line (here mainly refers to 999 volts, because of its high line mechanical strength, high insulation strength, long durability, large capacity, large line diameter, and less change, etc. characteristics, and the demand for communication or the demand for mobile communication is highly consistent) is laid, optical cable or communication cable is laid at the same time. At this time, the optical cable or communication cable can be independent, or can be made into one or bonded together with the 999-volt cable of the low-voltage power supply. This is more convenient for manufacturing, transportation, construction, etc. and more economical. In the past, it was said to be "triple play", but the present invention is "quintuple play", plus the heating network and the civilian gas network.

[0032] At the present stage, the 999V / 220V low-voltage alternating current energy converter capacity is generally 30-50kW (of which the transformer is the core equipment of the low-voltage alternating current energy converter) with: corresponding switch remote control opening and closing, accident opening and closing or fault opening and closing, switch opening and closing time should be recorded, cumulative switch opening and closing times, and can ensure that the switch of the transformer (the core equipment of the low-voltage alternating current energy converter) can still act correctly in the absence of alternating current power supply, and regularly automatically detect the goodness of the leakage switch, automatically perform leakage protection switch test according to the provisions, and generate records and save; detect, record, save, compare, calculate various parameters, including but not limited to the following parameters: temperature (transformer temperature, switch temperature, ambient temperature), various electrical parameters (voltage, current, power, cumulative power, this month's power, this day's power, etc.), power and power properties (power receiving or power supply) and corresponding electricity charges and arrears warning and arrears tripping of each period (such as year, month, day, season, etc.) or each time period (such as: peak, valley, flat, etc.), and so on,

[0033] Similarly, the above-mentioned 0.999kV / 0.22kV low-voltage alternating current energy converter has the main functions.

[0034] The low-voltage power distribution system of the present application uses three-phase three-wire system, while the low-voltage power distribution system of the prior art uses three-phase four-wire system or three-phase five-wire system. The three-phase four-wire system or three-phase five-wire system has low utilization rate of conductors, especially the utilization rate of the zero conductor is extremely low, because normally only a small amount of unbalanced current flows through the zero conductor, and the cross section of the zero conductor is designed according to extreme conditions, which is often equal to the cross section of the phase conductor, or about 75%-80% of the cross section of the phase conductor, or even 100%. In addition, the three-phase four-wire system (or three-phase five-wire system) often has the problem of broken conductor. When the zero conductor is broken, the three-phase voltage will produce voltage that is too low or too high or close to 0.380 kilovolts on the electrical equipment in the user's home, or even all the electrical equipment in the user's home will be burned out. In addition, the traditional three-wire four-wire system of 0.380 kilovolts or the like has the problems of large line loss, numerous cables, complex system, limited capacity, difficult capacity expansion, etc. Therefore, it is not possible to accurately calculate the accurate line loss of the low-voltage system, it is not possible to completely prevent or immediately detect electricity stealing behavior, it is not possible to obtain the corresponding electrical operating parameters (various electrical parameters, line loss, cumulative number of switching of switches, etc.), obtain and adjust the electrical state (such as switching of switches), perform monthly leakage protection switch test according to the regulations, etc.

[0035] In addition, for the high-voltage power converter, the primary side power supply can be directly connected to the ultra-high voltage power transmission system (including ultra-high voltage direct current power transmission system), or super-high voltage power transmission system (including super-high voltage direct current power transmission system), or high-voltage power transmission system (including high-voltage direct current power transmission system), and the secondary side outputs 27.5 kilovolts of alternating current or direct current. At this time, the capacity of the high-voltage power converter is about 120-180 kilovolt-ampere, the weight is about 100-200 tons, and the volume is relatively large. Therefore, the position of the cooler and the fan is set on the upper part of the transformer body, the inlet of the cooler is on the upper part or the middle upper part of the high-voltage power converter, and the outlet of the cooler is on the lower part or the middle lower part of the high-voltage power converter. The communication base station can be arranged on the lower part of the power converter, on the top of the "pole tower", on the fixed lightning rod, or suspended on the conductor, etc. In order to be economical and simple, the input of the primary side power supply can be single-phase alternating current or two-phase alternating current or single-pole direct current, etc. Therefore, in most cases, zero sequence current will be generated. The zero sequence component generated by the high-voltage power converter should be properly modulated, so that the zero sequence protection device in the relay protection system can be intelligently identified and avoided.

[0036] In addition, for high-voltage power converters, the primary side power supply can be directly connected to an extra-high voltage power transmission system (including an extra-high voltage DC power transmission system), or an ultra-high voltage power transmission system (including an ultra-high voltage DC power transmission system), or a high-voltage power transmission system (including a high-voltage DC power transmission system), or a high-voltage power distribution system (including a high-voltage DC power distribution system), or a medium-voltage power distribution system (including a medium-voltage DC power distribution system), and the secondary side output is low-voltage AC (such as 0.999 kilovolts, etc.) or low-voltage DC (such as 1.499 kilovolts, etc.). At this time, the capacity of the high-voltage power converter is about 2000-15000 kilovolt-ampere, the weight is about 200-20000 kilograms, the volume is relatively small, the position of the cooler and the fan is still set on the upper part of the transformer (or the power converter), the inlet of the cooler is on the upper part or the middle upper part of the high-voltage power converter, and the outlet of the cooler is on the lower part or the middle lower part of the high-voltage power converter. The communication base station can be set on the lower part of the power converter, or on the top of the "pole tower", or on the fixed lightning rod, or suspended on the conductor, etc. In order to be economical and simple, the primary side power supply input can be AC single-phase or AC two-phase or DC single-pole, etc. Therefore, in most cases, zero sequence current will be generated, and the zero sequence component generated by the high-voltage power converter should be properly modulated to enable the zero sequence protection device in the relay protection system to intelligently identify and avoid it.

[0037] The position of the high-voltage power converter can be at the original pole tower, and of course the "pole tower" and the foundation at this time should be sufficient to meet the relevant requirements. The high-voltage power converter primary input line is led down along the "pole tower", generally two input lines, and the secondary output line can be set below the primary line, generally four output lines. That is, the present application solves the problems of substation site selection, and the economic and technical problems of planning, selection and cleaning of a large number of concentrated (primary and secondary) input and output lines.

[0038] In addition, for the low-voltage power converter, the primary side power supply is a low-voltage alternating current power distribution system (such as an alternating current phase voltage of 999 volts, etc.), and an electronic on-load voltage regulating device can be arranged. It is completely possible to realize on-load arcless contactless electronic voltage regulation, because, compared with the high-voltage large-capacity transformer, the on-load voltage regulating device frequently acts, and the low-voltage alternating current power converter (the main body is a transformer) is low-voltage, small-capacity, and the action is not very frequent. Unless the system changes greatly, the voltage of the low-voltage alternating current 999-volt system is basically within the qualified range, and the output alternating current of the low-voltage alternating current power converter, such as the secondary side, is almost around 220 volts, within the qualified range, so the electronic on-load voltage regulating device will not act or will act rarely. Only when the system voltage changes greatly, such as when the operation mode changes or the system load changes greatly, the electronic on-load arcless contactless voltage regulating device will act, and it is extremely reliable, ensuring that the output voltage value of the secondary side voltage is 100% qualified. The on-load voltage regulating device (sub-station) in the traditional large-capacity step-down substation acts every day and frequently, and it is high-voltage, large-capacity, and has an electric arc, so it is unreliable, and it is troublesome to operate and maintain, which is a congenital and innate defect. The low-voltage power converter of the present application has a primary side power supply that is a low-voltage alternating current power distribution system (such as an alternating current phase voltage of 999 volts, etc.), which is the last power consumption link of the entire power distribution system in a certain sense, and the voltage fluctuation at its fixed location is not very large. The electronic on-load voltage regulating device arranged on the transformer (low-voltage power converter) can completely ensure that the voltage (value) is 100% qualified. Due to its low-voltage, small-capacity, arcless, contactless, and no need for frequent action, the reliability of the low-voltage electronic on-load voltage regulating device is determined, and in principle, it does not need to be maintained and repaired for life. Of course, the voltage regulating device of the low-voltage power converter can also be arranged as an off-load voltage regulating device, that is, all primary and secondary switches are turned off before voltage regulation, and the corresponding primary and secondary switches are turned on after voltage regulation. Because it is low-voltage off-load, and does not need to act frequently, it is also a reliable voltage regulating device, and the output voltage of the secondary side voltage can also be guaranteed to be 100% qualified. However, the disadvantage is that the entire voltage regulating process requires power outage for a few seconds. The action of the voltage regulating device of the high-voltage step-down transformer in the past is basically to regulate and adjust the deviation of the voltage value of the high-voltage power transmission system or the high-voltage power distribution system or the medium-voltage power distribution system, rather than to regulate the voltage for a specific user, so it cannot guarantee the qualified voltage value of all users in principle and in principle. The voltage regulating device of the present application is arranged at the incoming line end of each user, so it can guarantee the qualified voltage value of each end user in principle and in principle, and it is an extremely reliable device.

[0039] In addition, for low-voltage power converters, the primary side power supply can be a low-voltage alternating current power distribution system (e.g., 999 volts of alternating phase power, etc.), or a low-voltage direct current power distribution system (e.g., 1499 volts of single pole to ground voltage, etc.), and the secondary side output is low-voltage alternating current, such as 0.22 kilovolts, or 0.11 kilovolts, etc., or low-voltage direct current. At this time, the low-voltage power converter has a capacity of about 30-100 kilovolt-amperes, and a weight of about 100-150 kilograms, and a relatively small volume. The low-voltage power converter can be without a cooler and fan, or can be provided with a cooler and fan. The cooler and fan are still positioned on top of the transformer body or the power converter body, or on the upper part or middle upper part of the transformer body or the power converter body. The cooler inlet is on the upper part or middle upper part of the low-voltage power converter, and the cooler outlet is on the lower part or middle lower part of the low-voltage power converter. The communication base station can be provided on the lower part of the power converter, or on the top of the "tower", or on the fixed lightning rod, or suspended on the conductor, etc. In order to be economical, simple, and reduce the volume, the primary side power supply input can be low-voltage alternating current single phase, or low-voltage alternating current two phase, or low-voltage direct current single pole, etc. Therefore, in most cases, zero sequence current will be generated. At this time, the zero sequence component generated by the low-voltage power converter for normal operation should be properly modulated, so that the intelligent zero sequence protection device in the low-voltage protection system can be identified and avoided. At this time, the low-voltage power converter is provided indoors or outdoors of the user. At this time, the primary side power cable is used as a communication cable, or the primary side power line itself is attached with a communication optical cable or a communication cable. At this time, the low-voltage power converter is part of the user's smart home, or a smart home power center, or a smart home information center, or a smart home control center, or a smart home control platform.

[0040] The AC 999 volts in Example 1 can also be AC 1500 volts, or AC 2000 volts, etc., but there must be reliable and fast ground fault protection. Because: AC 999 volts or AC 1500 volts or AC 2000 volts is not safe for the human body, but the consequences of instantaneous electric shock of the human body (referring to the direct contact of the human body with AC: 999 volts, or 1500 volts, or 2000 volts) are basically the same, basically the same, or basically the same as the consequences of electric shock of AC 220 volts or AC 380 volts. There is no strict or substantial or essential difference. Therefore, AC 1500 volts or AC 2000 volts, etc. can be regarded as, or specified as, or defined as low voltage. The definition of high voltage in the present application is: in the case of zero sequence protection failure or ground fault protection failure, under normal weather conditions, in a relatively spacious place, a healthy electrical worker continuously miscontacts electricity for 0.4-0.5 seconds, and the probability of death, serious injury, or light injury is greater than 50%. Voltage defined as high voltage. According to this definition, intuitively, power frequency AC 2000 (relative ground voltage) and direct current 2500 volts (pole-to-ground voltage) should belong to the category of low voltage. Of course, the definition of high voltage in the present application can only be a reference, and the latest definition, or recommended, or suggested voltage of the regulation, or international authoritative organization, or international authoritative conference, etc. shall prevail.

[0041] Because the present application is mostly used for low-voltage single-phase or low-voltage single-pole power converters, it must rely on the conductors of the corresponding part of the building (referring to houses, buildings, etc.) to conduct electricity to work, and the building and the corresponding conductors and grounding devices are required to be extremely high, otherwise it will bury the accident hidden danger, therefore, the corresponding building (referring to houses, buildings, etc.) is preferably manufactured in the factory, and then assembled after being transported to the site. In this way, the quality of all construction links is more guaranteed, and it is more environmentally friendly and more economical. The building involved in the present application has a design life of at least 100 years, or the design life of the building is 150-250 years, which is more reasonable and economical.

[0042] According to the definition of high voltage in the present application, the AC 999 low-voltage AC distribution line in Example 1 can also be a low-voltage (regarded as AC low-voltage) AC distribution line of AC 1500 volts or AC 2000 volts, etc., but there must be reliable and fast ground fault protection, and there must be at least two or three levels of reliable and fast ground fault protection! And its longest protection action time limit should be less than 0.1-0.05 seconds, otherwise it is not safe.

[0043] Example 2:

[0044] 275kV high-voltage transmission line power supply, which can be introduced from the ultra-high voltage line or from the extra-high voltage line after the power converter, output 275kV; 27.5kV medium-voltage distribution line power supply, which can be introduced from the 275kV high-voltage transmission line or the ultra-high voltage line or the extra-high voltage line after the power converter, output 27.5kV; 1499V (or 2000V or 2500V, etc., all are pole-to-ground voltage) low-voltage distribution line power supply, which can be introduced from the 27.5kV medium-voltage distribution line or the 275kV high-voltage transmission line or the ultra-high voltage line or the extra-high voltage line after the power converter, output 1499V or 2000V or 2500V (all are pole-to-ground voltage) DC.

[0045] The above-mentioned medium-voltage distribution line, high-voltage transmission line, ultra-high voltage line, and extra-high voltage line include corresponding AC lines and DC lines. The communication base station can be arranged at the lower part of the power converter, at the top of the "pole tower", on the fixed lightning rod, or suspended on the conductor, etc.

[0046] 1.499kV low-voltage DC distribution line has or near the end or any part of the line has: 1.499kV / 0.380kV, or 1.499kV / 0.22kV, or 1.499kV / 0.190kV, or 1.499kV / 0.110kV, etc. Low-voltage power converter (the main equipment can be a small power inverter, and there are air switches, measurement elements, control elements, protection elements, self-diagnosis parts, communication parts, etc.), which converts 1.499kV DC into AC three-phase or two-phase or single-phase low-voltage power or the voltage used by residents in the country, such as: 0.380kV, 0.220kV, or 0.19kV, 0.11kV, etc. Low-voltage power, etc. Because it is DC and the voltage is higher, the power supply distance can be longer; because it is bipolar power supply, the power supply reliability is greatly improved; because it is an inverter, except for line power failure, wire breakage, etc. Factors, in principle, can guarantee 100% voltage qualification rate, and all technical problems existing in the past three-phase four-wire system can be completely solved in principle. These problems are the technical problems that technical personnel have longed to solve but are limited by the technical means of the past, that is: limited by the inherent conditions of the past low-voltage AC three-wire four-wire system, which has always been unable to be completely solved. The DC system of the present application is a two-pole two-wire system.

[0047] According to the definition of high voltage electricity in the present application, the 1499 volts DC in the embodiment 2 can also be 2000 volts DC or 2500 volts DC, etc. Because: 1499 volts DC and 2000 volts DC and 2500 volts DC are all unsafe to human body, but the consequences of human body after instant electric shock (pointing to touch: 1499 volts DC or 2000 volts DC and 2500 volts DC) are basically consistent, the same level, or basically consistent with the consequences of electric shock of 220 volts AC or 380 volts AC, the same level, there is no strict and substantial difference, and the 2000 volts DC and 2500 volts DC can be regarded as, defined as, low voltage electricity. Therefore, the above-mentioned 1.499 kilovolts low voltage DC power distribution line can also be a low voltage (regarded as DC low voltage) DC power distribution line of 2000 volts DC (pole-to-ground voltage) or 2500 volts DC (pole-to-ground voltage), but must have reliable and rapid leakage protection. There should be at least two or three levels of reliable and rapid leakage protection, and the longest protection action time limit should be less than 0.1-0.05 seconds, otherwise it is unsafe. The embodiment 2 is the most core future development and application prospect of the present application.

[0048] Embodiment 3:

[0049] The sensing, collecting, detecting, measuring, counting, storing, calculating of various information related to the operation, protection, measurement of electric energy converters and the corresponding account charges (electricity charges), etc. The electric energy converter of the present application is not only the center of electric energy conversion, but also the center of information sensing and receiving or transmitting or radiating, and also the center of data (information) measurement, calculation, storage, transmission, radiation and collection, comparison. In this way, great use or benefit can be achieved:

[0050] 1. Inward, data (information) collection, comparison, calculation, etc.

[0051] Since the electric energy converter of the present application is not only an electric energy conversion device, but also a high-speed "computer" for multi-terminal instant data acquisition and processing, it is extremely beneficial for the upgrade of transformer protection, such as gas protection, differential protection, and current protection, to intelligent protection. The traditional gas protection is actually a baffle and a float, which can only react to fixed flow rate and a certain amount of gas accumulation. However, the gas protection of the present application is an intelligent gas protection. The gas protection of the present application is a high-precision liquid or gas flow meter (its structure can be similar to a water meter or a gas meter at home), while the traditional gas protection needs to be stopped when the transformer is running, such as oil filtering, oil supplementing, oil discharging, breathing device dredging, and silica gel replacement (or after work, there is still gas), or when the oil level gauge indicates an abnormal increase in the defect, and needs to be discharged, oil, clean the breathing device eye or other work. However, the gas protection of the present application does not need to be stopped. It only needs to execute another corresponding program logic or corresponding chart according to the actual working condition of the site. In addition, the gas protection of the present application can also perform micro measurement statistics or accumulation, and can be accumulated positively or negatively on a regular basis (such as one day, one hour, one week, one month, one quarter, or one year, etc.). Positive refers to forward rotation, which is equivalent to oil temperature rise or short circuit; negative refers to reverse rotation, which is equivalent to oil temperature drop or oil seepage or oil leakage. In this way, the gas protection can be more flexible, more sensitive, have more functions, and react to more types of abnormalities, faults, and accidents. In many cases, it can give an early warning or alarm (even an accurate trip), indicating that there is an abnormal situation in the main transformer, and when the main transformer is on standby or shutdown, it can still work well, indicating that the oil temperature, oil level, and the relationship between the oil temperature and the oil level are normal, and whether the positive and negative accumulations are normal, and whether the gas protection is normal almost all the time. This is almost completely new function for the traditional gas protection. Moreover, it does not need to be tested for gas protection circuit and gas protection flow rate for the rest of its life. The gas protection of the present application is also suitable for any voltage level transformer and reactor, which is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0052] For transformer differential protection, since the electric energy converter of the present application is also a high-speed "computer" for multi-terminal instant data acquisition and processing, it can input more reliable, faster, and more accurate related data (information), so that the differential protection is more sensitive, faster, and intelligent under the premise of meeting the reliability. For example, in most cases, the differential protection action value does not need to avoid the magnetizing inrush current and the differential current of the current loop breakage. However, when the main primary switch is closed or the current loop is really broken, the main transformer differential protection intelligently selects or adjusts the action value to avoid the magnetizing inrush current and the differential current of the current loop breakage. Similarly, other protections of the main transformer are also intelligent protections.

[0053] In addition, for the recording, induction, arrangement, deduction of all relevant information and operating parameters, the running state of the equipment can be well perceived, detected, measured, recorded, evaluated and diagnosed, and the remaining life of the equipment can be evaluated on the basis of reliability, credibility and science. Replace or repair the equipment in time, appropriately and with data as the basis.

[0054] 2. Outwardly, data (information) transmission, comparison, calculation, etc.

[0055] The corresponding and comparison of data (information) between related electric energy converters (mostly between low-voltage electric energy converters) can immediately find out the occurrence of electricity stealing behavior (similar to differential protection);

[0056] In addition, the loss of each transformer or each converter (electric energy converter, including each low-voltage electric energy converter) and each low-voltage distribution line in the low-voltage system can be accurately calculated and calculated;

[0057] And each electric energy converter (especially each low-voltage electric energy converter, or mainly refers to low-voltage low-voltage electric energy converter) corresponds to the account of one or several users. The electricity used by the user corresponds to the funds of the corresponding account. When the corresponding result of the electricity used by the user and the funds of the account is arrears or insufficient balance, the electric energy converter will operate according to the prepared program, such as sending information, telephone notice, urging payment, deduction, power off, collecting full amount of electricity and late payment, and automatically closing and sending electricity, etc. (similar to the collection of mobile phone bill).

[0058] In addition, real-time data (information) between related electric energy converters (such as superiors, or adjacent, or related, etc.) or related protection elements can communicate with each other at high speed, corresponding comparison, which can make the related protection performance more superior, such as more sensitive and faster and targeted under the premise of meeting reliability and selectivity, that is, the intelligentization of protection and the protection of each element and the full-system full-process full-selectivity of automatic device interaction.

[0059] Finally, the accurate, instant, complete power consumption information and the regular power consumption information can provide real, reliable, accurate and complete information for effective power consumption side management, which cannot be achieved by the previous information source of power consumption side management; meanwhile, it can also provide reliable information source for power consumption analysis, and provide real, objective, reliable, accurate and complete power consumption information (as well as user power generation information) of various industries, departments and the like for the relevant departments and leaders to make correct decisions, and provide real, objective and complete information basis. The previous power consumption side information is difficult, or even impossible, to provide complete, real and objective power consumption information. That is, the present application solves the technical problems that have been desired to be solved but have not been completely solved in the field.

[0060] Example 4:

[0061] Regarding the cancellation of traction substations and catenary in electrified railway systems. And use pure battery high-speed rail or pure battery motor car or subway or maglev train, cancel traction substation and catenary or power rail or short distance power transmission and receiving equipment and other related equipment, facilities, high-speed rail and motor car speed is different, the power consumption per hour is 8800kW‧h (one 9600kW‧h) and 4800kW‧h respectively. But high-speed rail or motor car rarely runs 5000 kilometers or 10000 kilometers without stopping (pick up passengers or load and unload goods or water supply, etc.), and the probability of 1000 kilometers without stopping is very small, and the power provided by the full solid state battery (or hydrogen fuel cell) can fully meet the demand of running 1000-2500 kilometers without stopping in rare cases, because the power density of solid state battery is about 0.3-0.5kW‧h / kg, that is, 20-30 tons of solid state battery can make high-speed rail run about 1000 kilometers without stopping, and it is completely realistic and feasible to install 20-30 tons of solid state battery on 8-16 high-speed rail. The usual situation is that high-speed rail or motor car or subway has several stations or dozens of stations every 500 kilometers, and high-speed rail or motor car generally stops for at least 2-3 minutes at each station, and the charging speed of solid state battery is very fast. You can use unmanned aerial vehicles (or robots) to pull the charging line in the air or underground, connect the "socket" or "plug" on the high-speed rail or motor car, and charge when the contact is good. When the high-speed rail or motor car or subway is ready to start or starts, the charging line will automatically cut off the power, and the unmanned aerial vehicle (or robot) will quickly disconnect from the "plug" or "socket" on the high-speed rail or motor car and return to its original position. Wait for the next opportunity to "work". The specific location of the "charging port" can also be on both sides of the train. The specific charging voltage and charging position should be determined after considering the economy, technology, safety, reliability and other aspects. Similarly, unmanned aerial vehicles (or robots) in the air can also be used for automatic charging, and electric buses (or ordinary electric vehicles) can also be used for charging. Because city buses generally do not enter the starting station or terminal station for 100 kilometers, and enter the terminal station or starting station for 10-30 minutes or more, you can use this time to charge the bus with unmanned aerial vehicles (or robots) in the air. The charging voltage is 1500 volts (preferably 2500 volts). Because the wire is thin enough, and the insulation and safety are guaranteed, the flexible wire is soft and moderate.The "socket" and "plug" of the charger of the bus should have good protection measures, such as automatic cover, which is opened only when charging and closed and sealed well at other times. Similarly, the automatic unmanned charging device for aerial unmanned vehicles (or robots) is also suitable for charging of pure electric buses and other pure electric or hybrid vehicles. The charging voltage is 1500 volts (preferably 2500 volts) of direct current, which can avoid the problems of messy charging lines, difficult parking, high unit price of scattered charging piles, large amount of maintenance, and vulnerability to human damage. In addition, the number of buses is configured according to the number required during the highest peak period of a year, so that most of the time, a certain number of buses are idle. The idle or maintenance electric buses are charged at night or during the power valley and discharged during the power peak.

[0062] When the high-speed rail or train is maintained or out of service, it can be charged during the power valley and powered during the power peak, which adjusts the peak and valley of the power and increases the efficiency of the railway system. In addition, the traction substation and the high-voltage transmission line (double 220-kilovolt or double 110-kilovolt high-voltage distribution line) dedicated to the traction substation and the long 27.5-kilovolt contact network and numerous complex auxiliary facilities and corresponding secondary equipment are eliminated. In addition, the power supply system can still operate reliably in special and emergency situations such as war, extreme weather contact network accidents, and malicious human damage to the power grid, so pure battery electric locomotives can completely replace diesel locomotives.

[0063] Solid-state batteries and other devices can be installed at the bottom of the train and / or near the upper and lower doors or / and at both ends of the train, and can be designed as a whole. The service life of the train and the solid-state battery is consistent or basically consistent. Solid-state batteries can be installed at the bottom of the train and near the upper and lower doors, etc. Because there is no contact network and pantograph, all technical problems caused by the pantograph and the long contact network can be completely solved. In addition, because there is no traction substation and split-phase feeding, all technical problems caused by the traction substation and split-phase feeding can be completely solved. In addition, because of the use of battery power supply, in principle, there is no need for rails and ground as conductors, so all technical problems caused by rails and ground as conductors can be completely solved.

[0064] For high-speed rail or bullet train or subway and the like with a height of more than 4 meters or close to 4 meters, it can be designed into double layers, and the height of each layer is almost between 1750mm-1850mm, and the carrying capacity is almost doubled, and it is no longer possible to exist the phenomenon that passengers cannot get on the train due to insufficient train capacity and carrying capacity during peak hours. That is, without increasing the train frequency, only through the double-layer design of the train, the carrying capacity is significantly improved, and the technical problem of insufficient train capacity (carrying capacity, carrying capacity) of high-speed rail or bullet train or subway is completely solved.

[0065] The cost of the long catenary system of high-speed rail is expensive, and the maintenance cost is high. In order to have the ability to cope with extreme natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, heavy rains, heavy snow, lightning, etc., it must reach very high architectural design standards. The catenary is easy to wear and must be replaced after 15 years of operation. When the catenary is replaced, the power must be cut off, and at the same time, the railway (steel rail) below must also be taken out of operation, but it cannot affect the normal operation of the corresponding high-speed rail or bullet train. Therefore, the replacement of the catenary must be gradually stopped on one side, and at the same time, the railway (catenary and steel rail) on the other side must be operated, and the carrying capacity is almost twice that of the normal situation, which brings great trouble to the scheduling and on-site operation of the railway, and hides the accident hidden danger and is prone to errors. At the same time, a large number of electrical equipment in the traction substation, including primary equipment and secondary equipment, must be replaced after about 25 years, and the replacement cost is also extremely expensive. Therefore, only the total cost of the normal cost or / and replacement and maintenance of the catenary system and the traction substation system is estimated to be much higher than the total cost of the battery and the maintenance cost of the battery. At least 5-10 years later. And the electricity cost of solid-state batteries or fuel cells is cheaper than that of traction substations and catenary systems. The high-speed rail or bullet train of the present application is charged in the short downtime gap (mostly at night, generally at least several hours or several dozen hours) or when the train runs into the station (usually a few minutes), and uses battery power during normal driving; or during the low load time of the railway system, the train has a longer downtime, or the train is charged during the low load time and supplies power to the power supply system (discharges) during the peak load time, that is, adjusts the peak and valley of the power supply system, and at the same time increases the efficiency of the railway system.

[0066] Similarly, the present application is also suitable for magnetic levitation trains. Because there is no direct contact and friction between the wheel and the rail, the power consumption of the magnetic levitation train is less than 40% of the high-speed rail, so the battery capacity, volume and weight of the magnetic levitation train of the present application are generally less than that of the pure battery high-speed rail, and almost 30% of the high-speed rail. The service life of the magnetic levitation track and the train is 20 years longer than that of the high-speed rail, and the maintenance amount is only 20% of that of the high-speed rail, there is no too much noise pollution, and the cost may be reduced... Therefore, it is very likely that the pure battery magnetic levitation train also has great prospects, especially for short, medium and low-speed magnetic levitation trains.

[0067] For the pure battery power supply of the subway system, small-capacity subways or small-capacity maglev trains can also be developed, such as mini subways with a car body height of 1500-1750 mm or mini maglev trains with a car body height of 1500-1750 mm, the cross section of the tunnel excavated underground is greatly reduced, and the cost of the excavated tunnel is almost one tenth of that of the traditional diameter subway, which is practical and economical for some small cities or part of the lines or branch lines of large cities, and the traditional large subway has no advantage. Of course, the power supply line is ordinary power supply two times, and it is two times of power supply at each station, because the passenger capacity is designed according to the peak season and the maximum passenger flow in a day, so most of the time the mini subway is used as a micro-grid or energy storage grid power supply, that is, charging at low power valleys and discharging at high power peaks.

[0068] In addition, large-capacity trains can also be developed, and since there is no limitation of the de-electrification network, the height of the cargo train can be higher than the height of the de-electrification network, such as large-capacity trains with a height of 4500-5000 mm after carrying cargo, or pure battery trains with advantages in height, length, load, and purpose (such as during wartime or in emergency special periods).

[0069] In addition, since there is no de-electrification network limitation, as long as the track gauge is consistent, in different countries, different regions or within a country, different companies, due to the adoption of different voltage systems, they cannot be mutually used, and in the past, such cases, or the train or the train's power receiving system needs to be adapted to several voltage systems, increasing the cost, increasing the equipment, and reducing the reliability.

[0070] In addition, the current electric vehicle charging site is messy, easy to interfere with people, especially to hinder the walking of the elderly and children, and easy to trip at night; easy to be intentionally or unintentionally damaged by human beings; and when charging, the owner or the person on the vehicle often smokes, eats snacks, etc. and throws them away, which accumulates a large amount of cigarette butts, paper scraps, discarded plastic packaging bags, and leftover food on both sides of the charging line and around the charging line. Due to the interference of the charging line, it is more troublesome and laborious to clean up the garbage and paper scraps on both sides of the 20-40 charging lines in each charging yard, and it needs to be cleaned up three or four times a day to ensure the relative cleanliness of the charging site. And the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones or robots) for automatic charging can make the charging site neat, not interfere with the walking of passers-by, and make it easy to clean up garbage and waste.

[0071] The unmanned automatic charging device of the maglev train, light rail, subway, bus, and ordinary charging station belongs to the scope of the present application.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] The power system has developed for nearly 150 years, and the voltage grade of the distribution system has been fixed. Some "elements" of the application can be introduced into the original distribution system, such as the original 330 kV, 220 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 35 kV, 20 kV and 10 kV, which are temporarily unchanged. The distribution transformer (electric energy converter) is preferably arranged in the internal line of the "tower". The distribution transformer (electric energy converter) has two incoming lines and 4-16 outgoing lines. The distribution transformer (electric energy converter) directly outputs alternating current 999 volts (or 2000 volts, single-phase-to-ground voltage) or direct current 1499 volts (or 2500 volts, single-pole-to-ground voltage). After several years, when the time is ripe, the distribution transformer (electric energy converter) is processed. Of course, the distribution transformer (electric energy converter) is applied to newly-built communities and buildings. The capacity of the distribution transformer (electric energy converter) is generally 10000-31500 kVA.

[0074] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the application and is not intended to limit the application. The application can be variously changed and modified by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principle of the application should be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the power supply capacity and economy of a power distribution system, characterized by: in Three voltage levels are added below the extra-high voltage transmission level, or there are only three voltage levels below the extra-high voltage transmission level, which are: ① High-voltage transmission voltage level, 275 kV or 300 kV, ② Medium-voltage distribution voltage level, 27.5 kV or 30.0 kV, ③ Low-voltage distribution voltage level, 0.999 kV AC phase voltage and / or 1.499 kV DC voltage between poles to ground.

2. The method for increasing the power supply capacity and economy of a power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized by: The range of high-voltage transmission level represented by 275 kV is within ±5% - ±10% of the lower limit of extra-high voltage transmission voltage or within ±20% of the lower limit, or between 275 kV ±20%, or within ±5 - ±10% of the lower limit value recommended by the latest international authoritative organization or within ±20% of the lower limit value.

3. The method for improving the power supply capacity and economy of a power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The range of medium-voltage distribution level represented by 27.5 kV is the voltage level between 27.5 kV ±20%, or the voltage level used by electrified railways, or the voltage level between the upper limit value of the voltage level used by electrified railways ±20%.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: The range of low-voltage distribution level 0.999 kV AC phase voltage and / or low-voltage distribution level 1.499 kV DC voltage between poles to ground is the distribution voltage level within ±5% - ±10% of the upper limit value of low-voltage or within ±20% of the upper limit value, or the upper limit value of low-voltage defined by the latest national standard, or the latest international standard recommended by the latest international authoritative organization, or the upper limit value of low-voltage within ±5% - ±10% or within ±20% of the upper limit value. ​ 5. The method for increasing the power supply capacity and economy of a power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized by: The high-voltage power converter is placed in the middle hollow part of the power pole or at the bottom of the pole or inside the transmission line protection area. The high-voltage power converter has clear geographical coordinates. The primary power line of the high-voltage power converter is accompanied by a communication optical cable or a communication cable. The low-voltage power converter is placed indoors or outdoors. The low-voltage power converter has clear geographical coordinates. The primary power line of the low-voltage power converter is accompanied by a communication optical cable or a communication cable. The primary and secondary devices of the high-voltage power converter and the low-voltage power converter and the communication base station are designed integrally or placed nearby. The high-voltage power converter and the low-voltage power converter themselves have self-communication function modules, self-detection function modules, high-speed calculation function modules, and mutual communication function modules. The communication base station of the high-voltage power converter is placed in the middle hollow part of the power pole or at the bottom of the pole or inside the transmission line protection area. Generally, the communication base station of the high-voltage power converter is placed at the bottom of the power converter, or the communication base station is placed on or suspended from the transmission line or distribution line, or placed on the top of the transmission pole or distribution pole or lightning rod or lightning wire; The high-voltage power converter or low-voltage power converter has at least two communication optical fibers or communication cables or two modern high-speed communication methods, and they are mutually standby. The high-voltage power converter is combined with an electrical appliance and / or the low-voltage power converter is combined with an electrical appliance; The communication base station of the low-voltage power converter is arranged in the indoor or outdoor of the user; the communication base station of the low-voltage power converter or the low-voltage power converter itself is a part of the smart home, or the power center of the smart home, or the information center of the smart home, or the control center of the smart home, or the control platform of the smart home; The insulation material of the primary power supply line of the low-voltage power converter is appropriately strengthened in mechanical and electrical properties, and at least one level of leakage protection or two levels of leakage protection or three levels of leakage protection is provided during operation, and the longest action time of the leakage protection is less than 0.1-0.05 seconds; The no-load loss of the low-voltage power converter is less than 30W or 25W or 20W or 15W or 10W or 5W, and the no-load loss of the low-voltage power converter is less than 150W or 145W or 140W or 135W or 130W or 125W or 120W or 115W or 110W or 105W or 100W or 95W or 90W or 85W or 80W or 75W or 70W or 65W or 60W or 55W or 50W 45W or 40W or 35W or 30W or 25W or 20W or 15W or 10W or 5W The voltage regulating device of the alternating current power converter is arranged on the low-voltage alternating current system user's power converter, which can be a load regulating device or a no-load regulating device. The no-load regulating device or the load regulating device has a certain procedure for each action, and the voltage regulating device has detailed electronic records of electrical and / or non-electrical parameters before and after each action.

6. The method for improving the power supply capacity and economy of a power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary side power supply of the high-voltage power converter for extra-high voltage or ultra-high voltage can be an AC extra-high voltage line or an AC ultra-high voltage line or a DC extra-high voltage line or a DC ultra-high voltage line, specifically: single-phase ultra-high voltage AC or two-phase ultra-high voltage AC or three-phase ultra-high voltage AC or single-phase ultra-high voltage AC or two-phase ultra-high voltage AC or three-phase ultra-high voltage AC or single-pole ultra-high voltage DC or bipolar ultra-high voltage DC or single-pole ultra-high voltage DC or bipolar ultra-high voltage DC; The primary side power supply of the high-voltage power converter for high-voltage transmission or high-voltage distribution can be an AC high-voltage transmission line or an AC high-voltage distribution line or a DC high-voltage transmission line or a DC high-voltage distribution line, specifically: single-phase high-voltage AC transmission line or two-phase high-voltage AC transmission line or three-phase high-voltage AC transmission line or single-phase high-voltage AC distribution line or two-phase high-voltage AC distribution line or three-phase high-voltage AC distribution line or single-pole high-voltage DC transmission line or bipolar high-voltage DC transmission line or single-pole high-voltage DC distribution line or bipolar high-voltage DC distribution line; The primary side power supply of the low-voltage power converter can be an AC low-voltage line or a DC low-voltage line, specifically: single-phase low-voltage AC distribution line or two-phase low-voltage AC distribution line or three-phase low-voltage AC distribution line or single-pole low-voltage DC distribution line or bipolar low-voltage DC distribution line; The output of the high-voltage power converter can be AC or DC.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The gas protection of the transformer or the reactor in the high-voltage power converter is an intelligent fluid flow rate protection, and the protection action value can be set according to a specific program, a chart, a model, an algorithm, etc. The differential protection or the current protection or the voltage protection of the transformer or the reactor in the high-voltage power converter is an intelligent protection, and the protection action value can be set according to a specific program, a chart, a model, an algorithm, etc. The ground zero sequence current generated by the normal operation of the power converter should be modulated, and the corresponding zero sequence protection can identify and avoid the ground zero sequence current generated by the normal operation of the power converter. In the case of high-speed and smooth information, the protection and / or automatic device of each branch low-voltage system or / and each high-voltage system is a multi-level multi-system full-process full-selective interactive intelligent protection device. Each power converter corresponds to one or more user accounts, and the power used by the user corresponds to the funds of the corresponding account. When the power used by the user corresponds to the account balance, the power converter will operate according to the prepared program, such as sending messages, telephone notifications, fee reminders, fee deductions, power cuts, and automatic switching on after collecting the full amount of electricity and late fees.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The foundation and the tower of the high-voltage power converter are designed according to the standard of the substation or the converter station corresponding to the high-voltage side of the high-voltage power converter, and the corresponding standard or level should meet or be higher than the requirements of relevant regulations, provisions, and specifications. The bottom of the foundation and the tower of the high-voltage power converter is surrounded by reliable and secure anti-vehicle collision facilities. The design service life of the high-voltage power converter or the design service life of the low-voltage power converter is generally the service life of the transformer of the corresponding voltage level, which is generally 20-30 years. The service life of the high-voltage transmission line cable and the low-voltage distribution line cable is generally designed for 50-60 years, and it will be replaced at the end of the service life. The user's building is designed for 100 years or 150-250 years of use, and the grounding or zero grounding system related to the invention is treated with corrosion protection and designed for more than 100 years or more than 150-250 years of use. The building related to the invention is manufactured by a production enterprise and assembled on site.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: Through the mutual information transmission comparison of the electric energy converters, the occurrence of electricity stealing behavior is found out, especially in the low-voltage distribution system, through the mutual information transmission comparison of the electric energy converters, the energy consumption of each electric energy converter and the loss of each line are known, especially in the low-voltage system, accurate data can be provided for the low-voltage system line loss management, through the mutual information transmission comparison of the electric energy converters, reliable information can be provided for the electricity consumption side management or / and reliable information can be provided for the electricity consumption analysis.

10. The method for increasing the power supply capacity and economy of a power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-speed rail or train is powered by battery, the battery is charged during the downtime period, the battery is discharged during normal driving or during power peak, each station of the high-speed rail or train has two or three ordinary power supply, the battery of the high-speed rail or train is arranged at the bottom of the train or / and at the two sides or / and one side of the train compartment, the specific position of the "charging port", "socket" and "socket" of the high-speed rail or train can be at the two sides of the train or at the top or bottom of the train, the unmanned automatic charging device charges it, the train of the high-speed rail or train is double-layer or single-layer, the height between the layers is less than 2200mm or 2150mm or 2100mm or 2050mm or 2000mm or 19500mm or 1900mm or 1850mm or 1800mm or 1750mm or 1700mm or 1650mm or 1600mm or 1550mm or 1500mm or 1450mm or 1400mm or 1350mm or 1300mm or 1250mm or 1200mm or 1150mm or 1100mm 1050mm or 1000mm or 950mm or 900mm or 850mm or 800mm.