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This invention belongs to the field of medicinal chemistry, specifically relating to a polysaccharide component of white-flowered papaya, its preparation method, and its application. The invention first involves ethanol extraction of the medicinal and edible variety white-flowered papaya, separating the ethanol extract and the ethanol-extracted residue. The ethanol-extracted residue is then extracted with hot water to obtain a water-soluble crude extract. After deproteinization, the ethanol extract and the water-soluble crude extract are separated by macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography using pure water as the eluent, yielding two pure water eluent fractions. The pure water eluent fraction of the water-soluble crude extract is further fractionated and precipitated with alcohol to obtain different precipitated fractions. The pure water eluent fraction of the ethanol extract is dried to obtain the ethanol-extracted polysaccharide component. Pharmacological experiments show that the white-flowered papaya polysaccharide component has significant efficacy in preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy, and exhibits high biocompatibility, providing a scientific basis for the in-depth development of white-flowered papaya and the research and development of related medicinal and edible products.