The application discloses a
semiconductor structure and a preparation method of a double-trench isolation structure, and belongs to the field of semiconductors. A buffer layer and a
hard mask are sequentially deposited on a
semiconductor substrate; a
hard mask pattern with two different size windows is formed through
etching; a step coverage material is deposited, and only the
small window is closed; a selective
etching process is adopted to remove the horizontal step coverage material to open the bottom of the large window to form an
etching window; the buffer layer is etched away through the etching window, and the remaining buffer layer at the large window is aligned with the
hard mask pattern; the remaining step coverage material is removed to obtain the hard
mask pattern; selective etching is performed with the hard
mask pattern as a
mask to obtain a large trench and a small trench; and after isolation material is filled, a double-trench isolation structure with two different sizes of STI is obtained. The application only adopts one photo mask to complete the preparation of the two sizes of STI, saves cost, and avoids
contamination of the
semiconductor substrate by
photoresist.