The invention discloses a carboxylated banyan aerial root fiber adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the carboxylated banyan aerial root fiber adsorbentcomprises the steps that a banyan aerial root is subjected to washing, drying, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain pretreated fibers; the pretreated fibers are added to a citric acid solution for mixing, heating, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the carboxylated banyan aerial root fiber adsorbent. According to the preparation method, the adopted raw material of banyan tree roots is cheap, easy-to-obtain, and environment-friendly, high temperature conditions are not required during the preparation, safety is high, meanwhile the material is not carbonized, and the yield rate is also relatively high. When the adsorbent is used for adsorbing ciprofloxacin in water, the advantages of being environment-friendly, simple in operation, low in cost, high in adsorption efficiency and the likeare achieved. The adsorbent contains a large number of carboxyl surface functional groups, and can enhance the effective binding with ciprofloxacin molecules and generate strong electrostatic interaction, the emerging pollutant ciprofloxacin in a water body can be effectively adsorbed and removed, and the adsorbent is further suitable for removal of other pollutants in the water.