A composite biomass gasifier

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite biomass gasifier, which mainly generates fuel gas through high-temperature reaction in a gasification reaction chamber and a carbon layer gasification chamber; the biomass fuel first undergoes high-temperature cracking and gasification reaction in the gasification reaction chamber to generate fuel gas, and the biomass fuel that is not completely reacted in the gasification reaction chamber is converted into biomass carbon and falls into the carbon layer gasification chamber, and then the high-temperature biomass carbon undergoes oxidation-reduction reaction with the air coming in from below and the water vapor generated by the high temperature in the sealed water pool to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, so that the biomass fuel can be converted into fuel gas as much as possible. Its characteristics are: scientific, ingenious and compact structure, the double-layer feeding hopper can prevent the fuel gas from escaping during feeding; the bucket cone-shaped pulling plate can prevent the silo from bridging and arching; the air supply pipe is used as the middle air intake channel, and the air intake is more uniform without dead corners; the sealed water pool can prevent the leakage of fuel gas during ash discharge; the extrusion slag-breaking grate breaks the coke blocks formed by the high temperature of the biomass ash.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a gasifier, in particular to a gasifier using biomass-molded biomass fuel and raw materials such as straw, wood chips, garbage, etc. as biomass fuel. Background Art

[0002] The gasifier is a gas preparation device that uses biomass as biomass fuel. In order to solve the coking problem and excessive nitrogen oxide problem that are common in pellet burners that use biomass molded biomass fuel on a large scale, the inventor invented a series of patents with application number 2016205519546, titled "A biomass downdraft gasification and heating system", application number 2016205519550, titled "A biomass gasification gas system and its ash removal, slag removal and dust removal system"; application number 2016205519531, titled "A new furnace core structure for a medium and large biomass gasification device". However, there are still some deficiencies in the feeding and slag removal structures: (1) The feeding makes it difficult for wood chips with complex shapes to bridge and hang in the air, resulting in insufficient oxygen coverage, uneven combustion of biomass fuel, and insufficient gas production efficiency; (2) The reliability of the ash removal mechanism is not high; (3) The system is too complicated and the equipment is too expensive.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the inventors have made continuous improvements to the relevant technologies and applied for an application with application number 2018103341716 and name “A downdraft gasifier”, whose main technical scheme is: including: a furnace seat, serving as a support for the entire composite biomass gasification furnace body; a gasification reaction chamber, arranged on the furnace seat, serving as a place for the biomass fuel to undergo a gasification reaction; a silo, arranged above the gasification reaction chamber, serving as a processing silo for the biomass fuel; a feed hopper, arranged above the silo, for loading the biomass fuel and controlling the biomass fuel to enter the silo; a blower, arranged outside the composite biomass gasification furnace body, for blowing air into the gasification reaction chamber; it is characterized in that a conical top plate is provided on the upper part of the silo, the feed hopper is arranged on one side above the conical top plate of the silo, the feed hopper is provided with a silo opening, the silo opening extends obliquely from the top of the conical top plate into the silo, and the silo opening is A gate valve is arranged obliquely, and a cylinder for driving the gate valve is arranged above the gate valve; an explosion-proof valve is arranged on the conical top plate of the silo; the silo is connected to the gasification reaction chamber by a flange, a funnel-shaped opening is arranged on the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber, and the lower end of the funnel-shaped opening is the throat of the gasification reaction chamber, and a plurality of air nozzles are distributed in an annular manner on the throat, and the gasification reaction chamber of the gasification reaction chamber is arranged below the throat, and the wall structure of the gasification reaction chamber is respectively a refractory layer, a thermal insulation layer, a supporting wall and a protective enclosure from the inside to the outside, and a gas channel is formed between the supporting wall and the protective enclosure, and an annular air inlet is arranged on the supporting wall, and the air nozzle is communicated with the annular air inlet, and the annular air inlet is provided with a plurality of gasification air inlets, and the blower is connected and communicated with the annular air inlet in the gasification reaction chamber; a cyclone separator and an induced draft fan are arranged on one side of the gasification reaction chamber, and the induced draft fan is connected with the cyclone separator, and the cyclone separator is connected and communicated with the gas channel. The aforementioned composite biomass gasifier also includes: a feeder, which extends from the top of the silo into the silo and is used to stir the biomass fuel in the silo so that the biomass fuel is evenly arranged; the feeder includes a driving device, a feeder base, a transmission gear, an air supply pipe, a bearing, and a stirring blade. The feeder base is arranged at the center of the conical top plate of the silo, the air supply pipe is arranged in the feeder base through a bearing, the lower end of the air supply pipe extends above the throat, the upper part of the air supply pipe is connected to the driving device through a transmission gear, and the stirring blade is arranged at the lower part of the air supply pipe located in the silo. The grate base includes legs, a funnel-shaped ash chamber and an ash discharge grate; an ash discharger is arranged in the funnel-shaped ash chamber, a slag discharge port is arranged below the ash discharger, the ash discharger is arranged above the funnel-shaped ash chamber, the ash discharger includes a funnel-shaped fixed grate, a plurality of ash discharge holes are arranged on the fixed grate, and top slag teeth which can extend upward from the ash discharge holes, the top slag teeth are fixed on a top slag seat below the ash discharge holes, connecting arms are hinged on both sides below the top slag seat, a rocker arm is hinged at the lower end of the connecting arm, a rocker shaft is arranged at the other end of the rocker arm, the rocker arm is fixedly connected to the ash discharge grate through the rocker shaft, the end face of the rocker shaft is meshed by a pair of rocker teeth, one of which is a rocker tooth controlled and driven by an ash discharge cylinder.

[0004] Although the technical solutions of the aforementioned patent applications are mainly applicable to small and medium-sized equipment, they are not suitable for large-scale industrial gas production equipment, especially in situations where the fuel utilization rate is high, and the gas production rate is high, the biomass carbon ash is generated as little as possible, and the biomass is converted into energy to the maximum extent. Under these conditions, the technical solutions in the prior art have the following technical problems: (1) The feeder is easily stuck, resulting in bridging of the feed; (2) The sealing performance of the ash discharge mechanism is not good enough, which easily leads to leakage of the generated gas; (3) The feed hopper is a single-layer structure, which easily leads to gas leakage during feeding; (4) The carbon ash after carbonization is large in size, and there is residual carbon that cannot complete the reaction to generate gas, resulting in a waste of resources; (5) There is no corresponding treatment for large foreign objects, resulting in blockage of the ash discharger. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned defects of the existing biomass gasification equipment, the present invention provides a composite biomass gasifier with scientific and compact structure, low pollution and high biomass fuel gasification rate.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a solution: a composite biomass gasifier, comprising:

[0007] The furnace base serves as the support of the entire composite biomass gasification furnace body;

[0008] The gasification reaction chamber is arranged on the furnace base and serves as a place for the biomass fuel to undergo gasification reaction;

[0009] A silo is arranged above the gasification reaction chamber and serves as a processing silo for biomass fuel;

[0010] A feed hopper is arranged above the silo and is used to load the biomass fuel and control the biomass fuel to enter the silo;

[0011] A gasification blower is arranged outside the gasification reaction chamber to blow air into the gasification reaction chamber;

[0012] The silo is sealed and connected to the gasification reaction chamber. A funnel-shaped opening is provided at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber. The lower end of the funnel-shaped opening is the throat of the gasification reaction chamber. A plurality of air nozzles are distributed in an annular manner on the throat. The gasification reaction chamber is located below the throat. An annular air inlet is provided on the upper outer wall of the gasification reaction chamber. The air nozzles are connected to the annular air inlet. The annular air inlet is provided with a plurality of gasification air inlets. The gasification blower is connected to the annular air inlet through the gasification air inlet.

[0013] It is characterized by further comprising:

[0014] The carbon layer gasification device is arranged below the gasification reaction chamber, serving as a place for further gasification of carbon residue after the biomass fuel undergoes gasification reaction, and also serving as an ash receiving tray for receiving carbon ash falling from the gasification reaction chamber; the carbon layer gasification device comprises:

[0015] A bucket-shaped ash pan is arranged directly below the gasification reaction chamber, and the upper end of the bucket-shaped ash pan is sealed and connected to the bottom of the gasification reaction chamber, and is used to collect the carbon ash falling from the gasification reaction chamber;

[0016] The carbon layer gasification chamber is arranged directly below the gasification reaction chamber. The upper end of the carbon layer gasification chamber is sealed and connected to the bottom of the bucket-shaped ash pan. It is used as a place for further gasification reaction of carbon ash. Here, carbon ash reacts with water vapor generated by the sealed water pool behind to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

[0017] The extrusion slag grate is arranged below the carbon layer gasification chamber, the upper end of the extrusion slag grate is sealed and connected to the bottom of the carbon layer gasification chamber, and a plurality of extrusion rollers arranged at intervals are arranged at the bottom of the extrusion slag grate, and these extrusion rollers are driven to rotate by a driving device arranged outside the extrusion slag grate, and the extrusion slag grate crushes the larger pieces of carbon ash that have not been completely reacted; the side wall of the bottom of the extrusion slag grate is provided with a carbon layer gasification air inlet connected to an external induced draft fan, and the carbon layer gasification air inlet is located below the side of the extrusion roller;

[0018] The sealed water pool is arranged below the extrusion slag breaking grate, and is used to provide water vapor to the carbon layer gasification chamber for reduction reaction with carbon to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and serves as a liquid sealed chamber to prevent the generated gas from overflowing, and also serves as a precipitation pool for carbon ash;

[0019] The upper side wall of the bucket-shaped ash tray is provided with a gas outlet for discharging the gas generated by the gasification reaction chamber and the carbon layer gasification chamber.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the sealed water pool is cleverly used for three purposes: the sealed water pool carbon layer gasification chamber provides water vapor, and it also serves as the carbon layer gasification chamber and the liquid sealing chamber of the extrusion slag grate, and provides water for the carbon ash falling from the extrusion slag grate to make it wet and precipitate, and prevent it from escaping to the outside in the form of dust and polluting the environment. The sealed water pool has a simple structure, special functions, saves costs, and has strong creativity.

[0021] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, a bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate is provided on the inner side of the lower part of the above-mentioned material bin, and the bottom of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate extends into the funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate is provided with a circle of convex material pulling annular teeth, and the bottom of the material pulling annular teeth is provided with a material pulling annular sliding ring. The funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber is provided with a circle of convex top edge, and the top edge is provided with a material pulling annular sliding groove for the material pulling annular sliding ring to rotate. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate is also provided with a material pulling annular sliding ring above the material pulling annular teeth, and the inner wall of the furnace seat is also provided with a material pulling annular sliding groove for the material pulling annular sliding ring to rotate. The material pulling annular sliding ring is buckled in the material pulling annular sliding groove, and a support bearing for supporting the material pulling annular sliding ring is provided in the material pulling annular sliding groove. The material bin is provided with a material pulling motor on one side of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate, and the output shaft of the material pulling motor is provided with a material pulling gear meshing with the material pulling annular teeth of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate. The bucket cone-shaped material extraction plate can be driven to rotate on the funnel-shaped opening by the material extraction motor, so that the biomass fuel in the silo is moved to prevent the biomass fuel from bridging and arching.

[0022] As an improvement and explanation of the above-mentioned technical solution, a bucket-cone ash pan is superimposed on the inner side of the upper part of the aforementioned bucket-shaped ash pan, and a gap is reserved between the bucket-cone ash pan and the bucket-shaped ash pan as a gas collection channel for the gas to collect to the gas outlet; a circle of outwardly protruding ash-shaking annular teeth is provided on the upper outer wall of the bucket-cone ash pan, an ash-shaking annular slide ring is provided at the bottom of the ash-shaking annular teeth, an ash-shaking annular slide ring is provided on the upper part of the bucket-cone ash pan, an ash-shaking annular slide groove for the rotation of the ash-shaking annular slide ring is provided, an ash-shaking annular slide ring is also provided on the upper outer wall of the bucket-cone ash pan above the ash-shaking annular teeth, an ash-shaking annular slide ring is also provided on the inner wall of the furnace base, the ash-shaking annular slide ring is buckled in the ash-shaking annular slide groove, a support bearing for supporting the ash-shaking annular slide ring is provided in the ash-shaking annular slide groove, and an ash-shaking annular slide ring is provided on one side of the bucket-cone ash pan. An ash-shaking gear meshing with the ash-shaking annular teeth of the bucket-cone ash pan is provided on the output shaft of the ash-pan motor. The ash pan motor can drive the bucket cone ash pan to rotate inside the bucket ash pan, so that the carbon ash in the bucket ash pan moves to prevent the bucket ash pan from being blocked.

[0023] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, an ash discharge auger is provided at the bottom of the aforementioned sealed water pool, and the ash discharge auger includes a conveying pipe connected to the bottom of the sealed water pool, and the conveying pipe extends upward from the bottom of the sealed water pool to the outside of the sealed water pool at an angle, and an ash outlet opening facing downward is provided below the outer end of the conveying pipe; a spiral conveying shaft is provided in the middle of the conveying pipe, and an ash discharge motor is provided outside the conveying pipe; a pulley is provided at the outer end of the spiral conveying shaft, and a pulley is also provided on the output shaft of the ash discharge motor, and the pulleys on the ash discharge motor and the spiral conveying shaft are connected through a transmission belt. At this time, the ash slag precipitates from the sealed water pool into the conveying pipe due to the moisture contained therein, and is conveyed by the spiral extrusion of the spiral conveying shaft, and finally the wet ash slag is discharged from the ash outlet, and dust will not fly, which is convenient for ash recovery.

[0024] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, the aforementioned silo is provided with an air supply duct, which extends from the top of the silo into the silo, the lower end of the air supply duct extends above the throat, and the upper end of the air supply duct is connected to an air supply blower arranged outside the silo; an explosion-proof valve is provided on the conical top plate of the silo.

[0025] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, the aforementioned feed hopper is a composite double-layer hopper, which is tiltedly arranged on the upper side of the silo, the upper layer of the composite double-layer hopper is an open receiving hopper, and the lower layer is a closable intermediate silo. The bottoms of the receiving hopper and the intermediate silo are both provided with tilted plug valves, and the outside of the composite double-layer hopper is provided with a hopper cylinder for controlling the opening and closing of the plug valve. When the biomass fuel enters the receiving hopper, the two ends of the intermediate silo are in a closed state due to the plug valves being in a closed state, and the gas will not escape from it; when the plug valve at the bottom of the receiving hopper is opened, the biomass fuel falls from the receiving hopper into the intermediate silo, and the gas will not escape from it because the plug valve at the bottom of the intermediate silo is still in a closed state at this time; when the plug valve at the bottom of the intermediate silo is opened, the plug valve at the bottom of the receiving hopper is in a closed state, and the biomass fuel falls from the receiving hopper into the silo, and the gas will not escape from it because the internal air pressure of the intermediate silo remains basically unchanged at this time.

[0026] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, the aforementioned squeezing roller has an eccentrically arranged hollow roller shaft, and the eccentric directions of two adjacent squeezing rollers are arranged symmetrically with each other. Due to the eccentrically arranged roller shaft, when the squeezing roller rotates, it is believed that the gap between the squeezing rollers will change, thereby producing an squeezing and crushing effect on the agglomerated ash.

[0027] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, the aforementioned composite biomass gasifier is also provided with a feeding system, which is a bucket lifting feeding device, a screw feeding device, a chain bucket continuous feeding device or a belt continuous feeding device.

[0028] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, a ladder is provided outside the furnace base, extending from the bottom to the top of the silo.

[0029] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, the wall structure of the aforementioned gasification reaction chamber is respectively a refractory layer and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside.

[0030] Working principle description: In the technical scheme of the composite biomass gasifier, the high-temperature reaction in the gasification reaction chamber and the carbon layer gasification chamber is mainly used to generate combustion gas, thus forming two composite gas production units, one above and one below. The biomass fuel first undergoes the first high-temperature cracking and gasification reaction in the gasification reaction chamber to generate combustion gas. At this time, the biomass fuel that has not been completely reacted in the gasification reaction chamber is converted into biomass carbon and falls into the carbon layer gasification chamber; then the high-temperature biomass carbon is used to react with the air coming in from below and the water vapor generated by the high temperature in the sealed water pool below to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen for the second time, so that as much biomass fuel as possible can be converted into combustion gas in the composite biomass gasifier, thereby improving the conversion rate of combustion gas.

[0031] As can be seen from the above, the advantages of the present invention are: (1) the structure is scientific, ingenious, compact, and space is fully utilized. The feed hopper is a double-layer spacing structure, which can prevent the gas from escaping during feeding and is convenient for feeding control; (2) the cone-shaped puller plate stirs and organizes the biomass fuel in the silo to prevent the biomass fuel from bridging or blocking the silo at the throat; the biomass fuel in the silo is staggered and evenly stacked, which is more permeable. The air supply pipe is added as the intermediate air intake channel, and the air intake is more uniform without dead corners, which effectively prevents the empty burning and biased burning of the gasification reaction, and the gas production continuity is good, which is conducive to improving the gas production efficiency; (3) the sealed water pool is creatively used, the ash discharge sealing performance is good, and the generated gas leakage is effectively prevented; (4) a carbon layer gasification chamber is added, so that the biomass fuel continues to react to generate gas after carbonization, further improving the gas production efficiency and avoiding waste of resources; (5) the extrusion slag grate is used to crush larger foreign objects to avoid blocking the ash discharge channel, and the ash slag discharge is smoother. It solves the problems of empty burning, biased burning, slagging, poor sealing performance and difficulty in ash and slag discharge of existing biomass gasifiers. It can be used as a large-scale chemical industry gas production equipment. It adopts a composite gas production method to improve the gas production efficiency and has unexpected technical effects. Compared with the existing technology, it has outstanding substantial characteristics and significant progress, and has great promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present invention and its beneficial technical effects are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier.

[0035] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A.

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point B.

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C.

[0038] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional picture of the bucket cone-shaped feeding tray.

[0039] Marking description: 1-feeding hopper, 2-bin, 3-gasification reaction chamber; 4-carbon layer gasification device, 5-ash discharge auger, 6-bucket lifting feeding device, 7-furnace base, 8-ladder, 9-gas collection channel; 10-gas outlet; 11-receiving hopper, 12-intermediate bin, 13-gate valve, 14-hopper cylinder, 21-bucket cone puller, 22-pulling ring gear, 23-pulling ring slide ring, 24-pulling ring slide, 25-pulling motor, 26-pulling gear, 27-air supply pipe, 28-explosion-proof valve; 31-top edge, 32-throat, 33-air nozzle, 34-refractory layer, 35-insulation layer, 36-annular air inlet, 37-gasification air inlet, 38-gasification blower; 40-bucket ash tray, 41- bucket cone ash tray, 42- ash shaking annular teeth, 43- ash shaking annular sliding ring, 44- ash shaking annular chute, 45- ash shaking motor, 46- ash shaking gear, 47- carbon layer gasification chamber, 48- extrusion slag grate, 49- sealing water pool, 4a- carbon layer gasification air inlet, 4b- extrusion roller; 51- conveying pipe, 52- ash outlet, 53- screw conveying shaft, 55- ash discharge motor, 56- pulley, 57- transmission belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention and its beneficial technical effects are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0041] See also Figure 1~Figure 3 As can be seen from the figure, a composite biomass gasifier includes:

[0042] The furnace base serves as the support of the entire composite biomass gasification furnace body;

[0043] The gasification reaction chamber 4 is arranged on the furnace base and serves as a place for the biomass fuel to undergo a gasification reaction;

[0044] The silo 2 is arranged above the gasification reaction chamber 4 and serves as a processing silo for the biomass fuel;

[0045] A feed hopper 1 is arranged above the silo 2 and is used to load the biomass fuel and control the biomass fuel to enter the silo 2;

[0046] A gasification blower 38 is disposed outside the gasification reaction chamber 4 to blow air into the gasification reaction chamber 4;

[0047] The silo 2 is sealedly connected to the gasification reaction chamber 4. A funnel-shaped opening is provided at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 4. The lower end of the funnel-shaped opening is a throat 32 of the gasification reaction chamber 4. A plurality of air nozzles 33 are distributed in an annular manner on the throat 32. Below the throat 32 is the gasification reaction chamber 4. An annular air inlet 36 is provided on the upper outer wall of the gasification reaction chamber 4. The air nozzles 33 are communicated with the annular air inlet 36. The annular air inlet 36 is provided with a plurality of gasification air inlets 37. A gasification blower 38 is connected to the annular air inlet 36 through the gasification air inlet 37.

[0048] It is characterized by further comprising:

[0049] The carbon layer gasification device is arranged below the gasification reaction chamber 4, serving as a place for further gasification of carbon residue after the biomass fuel undergoes gasification reaction, and also serving as an ash receiving tray for receiving carbon ash falling from the gasification reaction chamber 4; the carbon layer gasification device comprises:

[0050] The bucket-shaped ash pan 40 is arranged directly below the gasification reaction chamber 4. The upper end of the bucket-shaped ash pan 40 is sealed and connected to the bottom of the gasification reaction chamber 4, and is used to collect the carbon ash falling from the gasification reaction chamber 4.

[0051] The carbon layer gasification chamber 47 is arranged directly below the gasification reaction chamber 4. The upper end of the carbon layer gasification chamber 47 is sealed and connected to the bottom of the bucket-shaped ash pan 40, and is used as a place for further gasification of carbon ash. Here, the carbon ash reacts with the water vapor generated by the sealed water pool 49 behind to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

[0052] The extrusion slag grate 48 is arranged below the carbon layer gasification chamber 47. The upper end of the extrusion slag grate 48 is sealed and connected to the bottom of the carbon layer gasification chamber 47. A plurality of extrusion rollers 4b are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the extrusion slag grate 48. These extrusion rollers 4b are driven to rotate by a driving device arranged outside the extrusion slag grate 48. The extrusion slag grate 48 crushes the larger pieces of carbon ash that have not been completely reacted. The side wall at the bottom of the extrusion slag grate 48 is provided with a carbon layer gasification air inlet 4a connected to an external induced draft fan. The carbon layer gasification air inlet 4a is located below the side of the extrusion roller 4b.

[0053] The sealed water pool 49 is arranged below the extrusion slag breaking grate 48, and is used to provide water vapor to the carbon layer gasification chamber 47 for reduction reaction with carbon to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and serves as a liquid sealed chamber to prevent the generated gas from overflowing, and also serves as a precipitation pool for carbon ash;

[0054] The upper side wall of the bucket-shaped ash tray 40 is provided with a gas outlet 10 for discharging the gas generated in the gasification reaction chamber 4 and the carbon layer gasification chamber 47 .

[0055] See also Figure 2~Figure 6Specifically, in order to make the biomass fuel in the silo 2 move relative to the silo 2 and prevent the silo 2 from being blocked, a cone-shaped material extraction plate 21 is provided on the inner side of the lower part of the silo 2. The bottom of the cone-shaped material extraction plate 21 extends into the funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 4. A circle of outwardly convex material extraction annular teeth 22 are provided on the upper outer wall of the cone-shaped material extraction plate 21. A material extraction annular sliding ring 23 is provided at the bottom of the material extraction annular teeth 22. A circle of outwardly convex top edge 31 is provided on the funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 4. A rotation of the annular sliding ring 23 for the material extraction is provided on the top edge 31. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped material extraction disk 21 is also provided with a material extraction annular slide ring 23 above the material extraction annular teeth 22, and the inner wall of the furnace seat is also provided with a material extraction annular slide ring 24 for the material extraction annular slide ring 23 to rotate. The material extraction annular slide ring 23 is buckled in the material extraction annular slide ring 24, and a support bearing for supporting the material extraction annular slide ring 23 is provided in the material extraction annular slide ring 24. The silo 2 is provided with a material extraction motor 25 on one side of the bucket cone-shaped material extraction disk 21, and a material extraction gear 26 meshing with the material extraction annular teeth 22 of the bucket cone-shaped material extraction disk 21 is provided on the output shaft of the material extraction motor 25. The bucket cone-shaped material extraction disk 21 at the lower part of the silo 2 plays the role of distributing and unloading materials, and the rotating material disk will drive the rotation of the biomass fuel in the silo 2.

[0056] See also Figure 2~Figure 4 Specifically, in order to make the carbon ash in the bucket-shaped ash pan 40 in the silo 2 move relative to the bucket-shaped ash pan 40 and prevent the bucket-shaped ash pan 40 from being blocked, a bucket-cone ash pan 41 is superimposed on the inner side of the upper part of the bucket-shaped ash pan 40, and a gap is reserved between the bucket-cone ash pan 41 and the bucket-shaped ash pan 40 as a gas collection channel 9 for the gas to be collected to the gas outlet 10. A circle of outwardly protruding ash-shaking annular teeth 42 is provided on the upper outer wall of the bucket-cone ash pan 41, and an ash-shaking annular sliding ring 43 is provided at the bottom of the ash-shaking annular teeth 42. The upper part of the bucket-cone ash pan 41 is provided with a ash-shaking annular sliding ring 43 for shaking the ash. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone ash pan 41 is also provided with an ash shaking annular slide ring 43 above the ash shaking annular teeth 42, and the inner wall of the furnace seat is also provided with an ash shaking annular slide ring 44 for the ash shaking annular slide ring 43 to rotate, and the ash shaking annular slide ring 43 is buckled in the ash shaking annular slide ring 44, and a support bearing supporting the ash shaking annular slide ring 43 is provided in the ash shaking annular slide ring 44, and the bucket ash pan 40 is provided with an ash pan motor on one side of the bucket cone ash pan 41, and an ash pan motor output shaft is provided with an ash shaking gear 46 meshing with the ash shaking annular teeth 42 of the bucket cone ash pan 41. The structure of the bucket cone ash pan 41 is similar to that of the bucket cone material extraction pan 21, and will not be described in the figure separately.

[0057] See also Figure 2~Figure 4Specifically, in order to timely discharge the ash precipitated in the sealed water pool 49, an ash discharge auger 5 is provided at the bottom of the aforementioned sealed water pool 49, and the ash discharge auger 5 includes a conveying pipe 51 communicated with the bottom of the sealed water pool 49, and the conveying pipe 51 extends upward from the bottom of the sealed water pool 49 to the outside of the sealed water pool 49 at an angle, and an ash outlet 52 with an opening facing downward is provided below the outer end of the conveying pipe 51; a spiral conveying shaft 53 is provided in the middle of the conveying pipe 51, and an ash discharge motor 55 is provided outside the conveying pipe 51; a pulley 56 is provided at the outer end of the spiral conveying shaft 53, and a pulley 56 is also provided on the output shaft of the ash discharge motor 55, and the ash discharge motor 55 and the pulley 56 on the spiral conveying shaft 53 are connected by a transmission belt 57.

[0058] See also Figure 2~Figure 4 Specifically, in order to make the air intake more uniform without dead angles and effectively prevent the empty burning and partial burning of the gasification reaction, the aforementioned silo 2 is provided with an air supply pipe 28, which extends from the top of the silo 2 into the silo 2, and the lower end of the air supply pipe 28 extends above the throat 32, and the upper end of the air supply pipe 28 is connected to the air supply blower arranged outside the silo 2; an explosion-proof valve is provided on the conical top plate of the silo 2.

[0059] See also Figure 2~Figure 4 Specifically, in order to prevent the gas from escaping from the feed hopper 1 during feeding, the feed hopper 1 is a compound double-layer hopper, which is obliquely arranged on the upper side of the silo 2. The upper layer of the compound double-layer hopper is an open receiving hopper 11, and the lower layer is a closable intermediate silo 12. The bottoms of the receiving hopper 11 and the intermediate silo 12 are both provided with obliquely arranged gate valves 13, and the outside of the compound double-layer hopper is provided with a hopper cylinder 14 for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve 13.

[0060] See also Figure 2~Figure 4 Further preferably, in order to increase the ash crushing effect, the aforementioned squeezing roller 4b has an eccentrically arranged hollow roller shaft, and the eccentric directions of two adjacent squeezing rollers are arranged symmetrically to each other.

[0061] See also Figure 1~Figure 2 More specifically, in order to increase automated feeding and reduce manual labor intensity, the aforementioned composite biomass gasifier is also provided with a feeding system, which is a bucket-type lifting feeding device 6 .

[0062] See also Figure 1~Figure 2 Specifically, in order to facilitate inspection and maintenance, a ladder 8 is provided outside the furnace base, extending from the bottom to the top of the silo 2.

[0063] See also Figure 2~Figure 4Specifically, the wall structure of the gasification reaction chamber 4 is composed of a refractory layer 34 and a heat-insulating layer 35 from the inside to the outside. The furnace core of the gasification reaction chamber 4 adopts a conventional structure in the prior art, which is a tapered structure with a small top and a large bottom, and the taper angle is generally 50 to 90 degrees.

[0064] The working process of this embodiment is as follows: after the biomass fuel passes through the elevator hopper to the receiving hopper 11 of the composite double-layer hopper, the hopper cylinder 14 is actuated to open the gate valve 13 at the bottom of the receiving hopper 11, and the biomass fuel falls from the receiving hopper 11 to the intermediate bin 12. The gate valve 13 at the bottom of the receiving hopper 11 is then closed, and the gate valve 13 at the bottom of the intermediate bin 12 is opened, and the biomass fuel falls from the intermediate bin 12 to the silo 2; finally, the biomass fuel enters the gasification reaction chamber 4 through the throat 32 of the gasification reaction chamber 4 to undergo high-temperature gasification reaction to generate combustion gas, and the air in the ventilation pipe is discharged at a rate of 1:1. The gasification reaction chamber 4 is sprayed at a constant flow rate to the middle of the throat 32 of the gasification reaction chamber 4 to assist oxygen combustion and increase the temperature of the reaction furnace core. At the same time, the air nozzle 33 on the throat 32 of the gasification reaction chamber 4 is blown by the blower, and the high-speed airflow is sprayed to the gasification reaction chamber 4 in a focused manner, so that the gasification reaction chamber 4 is maintained at a high temperature of 1000°C to 1200°C. At this high temperature, the biomass material rapidly burns and cracks to generate combustion gas, forming a high-temperature carbon layer in the gasification reaction chamber 4. The airflow flows from top to bottom, and the combustion gas is drawn out at the combustion gas outlet 10. This is the first stage of combustion gas generation. The high-temperature carbon layer formed in the gasification reaction chamber 4 does not react completely and falls into the carbon layer gasification chamber 47 through the bucket-shaped ash tray 40, where it is further reduced and cooled, and the tar is fully cracked. At the same time, the water vapor generated in the sealed water pool 49 below due to the high temperature in the furnace also participates in the oxidation-reduction reaction in the carbon layer gasification chamber 47 to generate combustible carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The airflow flows from bottom to top and is drawn out at the gas outlet 10. This is the second stage of gas generation.

[0065] The above description and specific embodiments do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific implementation modes disclosed and described above. Some modifications and variations of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite biomass gasifier, comprising: The furnace base serves as the support of the entire composite biomass gasification furnace body; The gasification reaction chamber is arranged on the furnace base and serves as a place for the biomass fuel to undergo gasification reaction; A silo is arranged above the gasification reaction chamber and serves as a processing silo for biomass fuel; A feed hopper is arranged above the silo and is used to load the biomass fuel and control the biomass fuel to enter the silo; A gasification blower is arranged outside the gasification reaction chamber to blow air into the gasification reaction chamber; The silo is sealed and connected to the gasification reaction chamber. A funnel-shaped opening is provided at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber. The lower end of the funnel-shaped opening is the throat of the gasification reaction chamber. A plurality of air nozzles are distributed in an annular manner on the throat. The gasification reaction chamber is located below the throat. An annular air inlet is provided on the upper outer wall of the gasification reaction chamber. The air nozzles are connected to the annular air inlet. The annular air inlet is provided with a plurality of gasification air inlets. The gasification blower is connected to the annular air inlet through the gasification air inlet. It is characterized by further comprising: The carbon layer gasification device is arranged below the gasification reaction chamber, serving as a place for further gasification of carbon residue after the biomass fuel undergoes gasification reaction, and also serving as an ash receiving tray for receiving carbon ash falling from the gasification reaction chamber; the carbon layer gasification device comprises: A bucket-shaped ash pan is arranged directly below the gasification reaction chamber, and the upper end of the bucket-shaped ash pan is sealed and connected to the bottom of the gasification reaction chamber, and is used to collect the carbon ash falling from the gasification reaction chamber; The carbon layer gasification chamber is arranged directly below the gasification reaction chamber. The upper end of the carbon layer gasification chamber is sealed and connected to the bottom of the bucket-shaped ash pan. It is used as a place for further gasification reaction of carbon ash. Here, carbon ash reacts with water vapor generated by the sealed water pool behind to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The extrusion slag grate is arranged below the carbon layer gasification chamber, the upper end of the extrusion slag grate is sealed and connected to the bottom of the carbon layer gasification chamber, and a plurality of extrusion rollers are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the extrusion slag grate, which are driven to rotate by a driving device arranged outside the extrusion slag grate, and the extrusion slag grate crushes the larger pieces of carbon ash that are not completely reacted; the side wall of the bottom of the extrusion slag grate is provided with a carbon layer gasification air inlet connected to an external induced draft fan, and the carbon layer gasification air inlet is located below the side of the extrusion roller; The sealed water pool is arranged below the extrusion slag breaking grate, and is used to provide water vapor to the carbon layer gasification chamber for reduction reaction with carbon to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and serves as a liquid sealed chamber to prevent the generated gas from overflowing, and also serves as a precipitation pool for carbon ash; The upper side wall of the bucket-shaped ash tray is provided with a gas outlet for discharging the gas generated by the gasification reaction chamber and the carbon layer gasification chamber.

2. The composite biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the lower part of the material bin is provided with a bucket cone-shaped pulling plate, and the bottom of the bucket cone-shaped pulling plate extends into the funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped pulling plate is provided with a circle of convex pulling ring teeth, and the bottom of the pulling ring teeth is provided with a pulling ring sliding ring. The funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber is provided with a circle of convex top edge, and the top edge is provided with a pulling ring sliding groove for the pulling ring sliding ring to rotate. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone pulling plate is also provided with a pulling ring sliding ring above the pulling ring teeth, and the inner wall of the furnace seat is also provided with a pulling ring sliding groove for the pulling ring sliding ring to rotate. The pulling ring sliding ring is buckled in the pulling ring sliding groove, and a supporting bearing for supporting the pulling ring sliding ring is provided in the pulling ring sliding groove. The material bin is provided with a pulling motor on one side of the bucket cone pulling plate, and the output shaft of the pulling motor is provided with a pulling gear meshing with the pulling ring teeth of the bucket cone pulling plate.

3. The composite biomass gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: A bucket-cone ash pan is superimposed on the inner side of the upper part of the bucket-shaped ash pan, and a gap is reserved between the bucket-cone ash pan and the bucket-shaped ash pan as a gas collecting channel for the gas to collect to the gas outlet; a circle of outwardly protruding ash-shaking annular teeth is provided on the upper outer wall of the bucket-cone ash pan, an ash-shaking annular sliding ring is provided at the bottom of the ash-shaking annular teeth, an ash-shaking annular sliding ring is provided on the upper part of the bucket-cone ash pan, an ash-shaking annular sliding groove for the rotation of the ash-shaking annular sliding ring is provided, an ash-shaking annular sliding groove for the rotation of the ash-shaking annular sliding ring is also provided on the upper outer wall of the bucket-cone ash pan above the ash-shaking annular teeth, an ash-shaking annular sliding groove for the rotation of the ash-shaking annular sliding ring is also provided on the inner wall of the furnace seat, the ash-shaking annular sliding ring is buckled in the ash-shaking annular sliding groove, a supporting bearing for supporting the ash-shaking annular sliding ring is provided in the ash-shaking annular sliding groove, and an ash-shaking annular sliding groove is provided with an ash-shaking motor on one side of the bucket-cone ash pan, and an ash-shaking gear meshing with the ash-shaking annular teeth of the bucket-cone ash pan is provided on the output shaft of the ash-pan motor.

4. The composite biomass gasifier according to claim 3, characterized in that: An ash discharge auger is provided at the bottom of the sealed water pool, and the ash discharge auger includes a conveying pipe connected to the bottom of the sealed water pool, the conveying pipe extends obliquely upward from the bottom of the sealed water pool to the outside of the sealed water pool, and an ash outlet opening facing downward is provided below the outer end of the conveying pipe; a spiral conveying shaft is provided in the middle of the conveying pipe, and an ash discharge motor is provided outside the conveying pipe; a pulley is provided at the outer end of the spiral conveying shaft, and a pulley is also provided on the output shaft of the ash discharge motor, and the pulleys on the ash discharge motor and the spiral conveying shaft are connected by a transmission belt.

5. The composite biomass gasifier according to claim 4, characterized in that: The silo is provided with an air supply pipe, which extends from the top of the silo into the silo, the lower end of the air supply pipe extends above the throat, and the upper end of the air supply pipe is connected to an air supply blower arranged outside the silo; an explosion-proof valve is provided on the conical top plate of the silo.

6. The composite biomass gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The feed hopper is a compound double-layer hopper, which is obliquely arranged on the upper side of the silo. The upper layer of the compound double-layer hopper is an open receiving hopper, and the lower layer is a closable intermediate silo. The bottoms of the receiving hopper and the intermediate silo are both provided with obliquely arranged gate valves, and the outside of the compound double-layer hopper is provided with a hopper cylinder for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve.

7. The composite biomass gasifier according to claim 6, characterized in that: The squeezing roller has an eccentrically arranged hollow roller shaft, and the eccentric directions of two adjacent squeezing rollers are arranged symmetrically to each other.

8. The composite biomass gasifier according to claim 6, characterized in that: The composite biomass gasifier is also provided with a feeding system, which is a bucket-type lifting feeding device, a screw feeding device, a chain bucket continuous feeding device or a belt continuous feeding device.

9. The composite biomass gasifier according to claim 6, characterized in that: A ladder is arranged outside the furnace base and extends from the bottom to the top of the silo in a zigzag manner.

10. The composite biomass gasifier according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wall structure of the gasification reaction chamber comprises a refractory layer and a heat-insulating layer from the inside to the outside.

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