Automatically controlled wave optics demonstrator

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of physics teaching and popular science instruments, and specifically relates to an automatically controlled wave optics demonstrator, comprising a frame, a housing, a two-color laser source, a rotating drum, a reduction motor, a polarized light source, a rotating polarizer, a polarization motor, a linear array CCD lateral movement component and a magnetic scale; the device has a high degree of integration, and one instrument can demonstrate a variety of wave optics contents such as single-slit diffraction, single-wire diffraction, pinhole diffraction, double-slit and multi-slit interference, one-dimensional grating diffraction, two-dimensional grating diffraction, polarization, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of physics teaching and popular science instruments, and in particular relates to an automatic control wave optics demonstrator. Background Art

[0002] The wave nature of light is an important part of physics teaching in colleges and universities and popular science for the public, so optical experimental equipment has been widely used in teaching and popular science. However, with the development of society and technology, the labor cost in various tasks has increased significantly, especially in science venues and physics demonstration laboratories. With the increase in opening hours, the staff has added a certain amount of work pressure, resulting in increased instrument maintenance costs and reduced utilization. Existing technologies require manual adjustment, and the demonstration process requires a certain technical foundation. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide an automatic control wave optics demonstrator to solve the problems existing in the background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an automatically controlled wave optical demonstrator, characterized in that it includes a frame, a housing, a two-color laser source, a rotating drum, a reduction motor, a polarized light source, a rotating polarizer, a polarization motor, a linear array CCD transverse movement component and a magnetic scale; the two-color laser source is installed on a two-color light source beam extending from the right side to the left of the frame, the reduction motor is installed on the left side of the frame, the rotating drum is a horizontally placed cylinder with a bottom, the bottom is coaxially fixed to the reduction motor shaft, and the cylinder wall is installed with one of a single slit component, a single wire component, a small hole component, a double-slit multi-slit component, a one-dimensional grating component, and an orthogonal grating component at different radiation angles, and the polarized light source is installed on the polarized light source beam that crosses the frame , parallel to the emission direction of the two-color laser source, pointing to the front of the instrument, the rotating polarizer is installed in front of the polarized light source and is in a coaxial position with the source, a polarization motor is installed under the crossbeam of the polarized light source, the polarization motor is connected through a coupling and drives the rotating polarizer; the linear array CCD transverse movement assembly includes a set of dual-axis transverse movement tracks, a slide is installed on the dual-axis transverse movement track, a linear array CCD is installed on the slide, and the slide motor drives the slide to move the linear array CCD horizontally left and right through a synchronous belt; the frame is equipped with an opaque shell, wherein the front shell is provided with a vertically long hole facing the position where the two-color laser source and the polarized light source are irradiated, to ensure that interference, diffraction and polarized light can all be projected out of the shell; the magnetic ruler has a scale on the front and is sucked on the blackboard.

[0005] Preferably, a light shielding strip is installed on the side of the rotating drum, and a photoelectric limit switch is installed at the position corresponding to the frame. When the rotating drum rotates one circle, the light shielding strip passes through the limit switch once.

[0006] Preferably, the rotating polarizer is an outer ring fixed on a frame, and an inner ring is provided with a polarizer, and the inner ring can rotate around the optical axis of the polarized light source under the drive of a polarization motor through a coupling.

[0007] Preferably, the light shielding strip installed on the slide has a photoelectric limit switch installed at a corresponding position of the frame, and the light shielding strip will pass through the limit switch when the slide moves horizontally.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. High integration level, one instrument can demonstrate a variety of wave optics contents such as single slit diffraction, single wire diffraction, pinhole diffraction, double slit multi-slit interference, one-dimensional grating diffraction, two-dimensional grating diffraction, polarization, etc.;

[0009] 2. It has a high degree of automation and can be controlled by buttons, mobile phones, computers, or touch screens. It can be demonstrated automatically and no manual adjustment is required once calibrated.

[0010] 3. Through single-chip microcomputer and other electronic technologies, automatic demonstration and delayed automatic shutdown can be realized, that is, when there is no operation, the shutdown can be set after a certain time (such as three minutes).

[0011] 4. The instrument is equipped with feet at the bottom and rear, and can be operated in two modes: horizontal and vertical. In vertical mode, the light is projected toward the ceiling, which saves space and ensures the safety of laser use.

[0012] 5. Use WIFI or infrared wireless communication, visual interface, simple operation, easy to understand, simplified circuit wiring, and convenient data transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a directional stereogram of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a second directional stereogram of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 This is the third directional diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0017] like Figure 1-3 As shown, an automatic control wave optics demonstrator comprises a frame 1, a housing, a two-color laser source 2, a rotating drum 3, a reduction motor 4, a polarized light source 5, a rotating polarizer 6, a polarization motor 7, a linear array CCD traverse assembly and a magnetic scale;

[0018] The frame forms the outer contour of the device, and all components are installed inside the frame. The two-color laser source is installed on the two-color light source beam 8 extending from the right side of the frame to the left. The reduction motor is installed on the left side of the frame, and the rotating drum is fixed coaxially with the reduction motor shaft. The polarized light source is installed on the polarized light source beam 9 that crosses the frame, and the rotating polarizer is installed in front of the polarized light source and is coaxial with the source. A polarization motor is installed under the polarized light source beam, and the polarization motor is connected through a coupling and drives the rotating polarizer. The linear array CCD module is installed on the front upper part of the frame.

[0019] The dual-color laser source is a dual-beam parallel and collimation adjustment device (publication number CN104570375B).

[0020] The rotating drum is a horizontally placed cylinder with a bottom, the bottom of which is coaxially fixed to the shaft of the reduction motor, and the cylinder wall is installed with optical elements 10 such as a single slit assembly, a single wire assembly, a small hole assembly, a double slit multi-slit assembly, a one-dimensional grating assembly, and an orthogonal grating assembly at different radiation angles. Among them, the single slit assembly is an opaque thin plate with five narrow light-transmitting slits of different widths cut horizontally and parallelly. The single wire assembly is an opaque filament with different diameters installed horizontally and parallelly in a transparent frame. The small hole assembly is an opaque thin plate with multiple pairs of holes of different shapes distributed on it, each pair of holes is two identical holes arranged horizontally and equidistantly, and multiple pairs are arranged vertically and parallelly, and the switches of the holes include large circular holes, small circular holes, triangular holes, square holes, and rectangular holes with different diameters. The double slit multi-slit assembly is a double slit or multi-slit combination with the same slit width but different spacing and number of slits printed on the film, including multiple groups of double slits with different spacings, and double slits, three slits, and five slits with the same spacings. The one-dimensional grating assembly is composed of multiple transmission gratings with different grating constants spliced ​​in the same direction. The orthogonal grating is a transparent base plate with multiple square grid areas arranged vertically, and the grid line spacing in each area is different from that in other areas.

[0021] A light blocking strip is provided on the side of the drum, and a photoelectric limit switch 11 is provided at the position corresponding to the frame. When the drum rotates one circle, the light blocking strip passes through the limit switch once.

[0022] The polarized light source is a beam-expanded laser or a common directional light source, which is parallel to the emission direction of the two-color laser source and points to the front of the instrument.

[0023] A light source polarizer is installed at the front end of the polarized light source, close to the light source, and a rotating polarizer is installed on the output light path as an analyzer. The rotating polarizer is an outer ring fixed on the frame, and the inner ring is equipped with a polarizer. The inner ring can rotate around the optical axis of the polarized light source under the drive of the polarization motor through the coupling.

[0024] The linear array CCD transverse movement assembly includes a set of dual-axis transverse movement tracks 12, on which a slide 13 is mounted, on which a linear array CCD 14 is mounted, and a slide motor 15 drives the slide through a synchronous belt to drive the linear array CCD to move horizontally left and right. The light shielding strip mounted on the slide has a photoelectric limit switch at the corresponding position of the frame, and the light shielding strip will pass the limit switch when the slide moves horizontally.

[0025] The instrument frame is equipped with a light-proof shell, in which the front shell is opened with vertical holes facing the position of the two-color laser source and the polarized light source to ensure that interference, diffraction and polarized light can all be projected out of the shell. The position of the optical element irradiated by the laser and the position of the CCD are marked on the shell. The shell is equipped with a power socket, a main switch and an infrared transmitter.

[0026] The bottom and rear of the housing are equipped with feet, which allows it to be used in two ways: horizontal (casting light forward) or vertical (casting light upward).

[0027] The magnetic ruler has scales on the front and can be attached to the blackboard.

[0028] The electrical control components include a main controller, a WIFI module, a reduction motor driver, a slide motor driver, a polarization motor driver, a DC power supply, a switch, a wire and an infrared transmitter, and are equipped with a remote control.

[0029] The DC power supply is input into the main controller through the main switch. The main controller uses the drum limit switch signal as the starting point to control the drum motor to rotate to a certain angle so that the two-color light source irradiates a certain optical component, generating interference or diffraction. The slide limit switch is used as the starting point to control the slide motor to drive the slide and the linear array CCD to move horizontally, and stops when it moves to the projection position of the diffracted light, and starts the CCD software for measurement and display. The polarization motor driver controls the polarization motor to stop every time it rotates 90 degrees.

[0030] This instrument has two operating modes: one is to operate via infrared remote control, the other is to operate via mobile phone or computer.

[0031] 1. Infrared remote control operation

[0032] The remote control communicates wirelessly through the infrared receiver on the instrument. When you press a button on the remote control, the infrared receiver on the instrument will receive the signal and perform corresponding operations. The specific operations are as follows:

[0033] (1) Turn on the host power.

[0034] (2) After pressing button 1, the instrument will automatically reset.

[0035] (3) After pressing button 2, the instrument will automatically run, that is, the dual-color laser will light up, the optical element on the rotating drum will move to the specified position and stay at the specified position for 3-5 seconds, then the rotating drum will move to the next optical element and stay there until all the optical elements have passed, that is, the interference and diffraction functions are fully demonstrated, and then the instrument will stop and turn off the dual-color laser.

[0036] (4) After pressing button 3, the instrument will run in single step, that is, the dual-color laser will light up when the button is pressed. Each time the button is pressed, the drum rotates one position and the laser illuminates one interference or diffraction unit. After pressing the button again, the drum rotates to the next optical unit and stops, projecting the interference or diffraction phenomenon.

[0037] (5) After pressing button 4, the CCD device will move to the optical path to automatically measure the interference or diffraction fringe width. After pressing it again, the CCD device will move to the initial position, and the interference and diffraction phenomenon will be projected out of the instrument again. The phenomenon can be viewed on a blackboard or wall. At this time, a magnetic ruler can be attached to the blackboard for quantitative measurement.

[0038] (6) After pressing button 5, the polarized light source lights up, the polarizing plate rotates 90°, and the projected light changes from bright to dark; press button 5 again, the polarizing plate rotates another 90°, and the projected light changes from dark to bright.

[0039] (7) When button 6 is pressed or there is no operation for 3 minutes, the instrument enters a dormant state. In this state, the instrument will not work and will not receive any other button commands. After pressing it again, the instrument can work normally.

[0040] 2. Operation via mobile phone or computer:

[0041] The mobile phone or computer communicates with the instrument remotely via WiFi. By controlling the instrument on the web interface, experimental phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and polarization of light can be demonstrated. At the same time, CCD can be used on the computer to measure the interference and diffraction phenomena. The specific operations are as follows:

[0042] (1) Turn on the instrument power.

[0043] (2) Open a browser on your mobile phone or computer and enter the IP address to open the operation interface.

[0044] (3) Pressing a button on the interface will realize the corresponding function. The specific steps are the same as the infrared remote control operation (2-7).

[0045] It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic control wave optics demonstrator, characterized in that: It includes a frame, a shell, a two-color laser source, a rotating drum, a reduction motor, a polarized light source, a rotating polarizer, a polarization motor, a linear array CCD transverse movement component and a magnetic scale; the two-color laser source is installed on a two-color light source beam extending from the right side of the frame to the left, the reduction motor is installed on the left side of the frame, the rotating drum is a horizontally placed cylinder with a bottom, the bottom is coaxially fixed to the reduction motor shaft, and the cylinder wall is installed with one of a single-slit component, a single-filament component, a small hole component, a double-slit multi-slit component, a one-dimensional grating component, and an orthogonal grating component at different radiation angles, and the polarized light source is installed on a polarized light source beam that crosses the frame, parallel to the light emission direction of the two-color laser source, and points to the front of the instrument. , a rotating polarizer is installed in front of the polarized light source and is coaxial with the source, a polarization motor is installed under the crossbeam of the polarized light source, the polarization motor is connected through a coupling and drives the rotating polarizer; the linear array CCD transverse movement assembly includes a set of dual-axis transverse movement tracks, a slide is installed on the dual-axis transverse movement track, a linear array CCD is installed on the slide, and the slide motor drives the slide to move the linear array CCD horizontally left and right through a synchronous belt; the frame is equipped with an opaque shell, wherein the front shell is provided with vertically long holes facing the position where the two-color laser source and the polarized light source are irradiated, to ensure that interference, diffraction and polarized light can all be projected out of the shell; the magnetic ruler has scales on the front and is sucked on the blackboard; The side of the drum is provided with a light blocking strip, and a photoelectric limit switch is provided at the position corresponding to the frame. When the drum rotates one circle, the light blocking strip passes through the limit switch once. The rotating polarizer has an outer ring fixed on a frame and an inner ring equipped with a polarizer. The inner ring can rotate around the optical axis of the polarized light source under the drive of a polarization motor through a coupling.

2. The automatic control wave optics demonstrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light blocking strip installed on the slide table has a photoelectric limit switch installed at the corresponding position of the frame. When the slide table moves horizontally, the light blocking strip will pass through the limit switch.

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