A kind of engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system and test method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system and a test method thereof, comprising a main bearing module, a dynamic sealing module, a dynamic and static loading module, a gas-liquid filling module, a temperature control and insulation module, a drilling and excavation and support module, and a multi-physical field information perception module, which can truly simulate various rock mass dynamic disasters in deep engineering, and can become a simulation test instrument and platform for studying the influencing factors, evolution mechanism, precursor response, prediction and early warning, and prevention and control technologies of various engineering rock mass dynamic disasters such as rock mass dynamics, rock burst, coal and gas outburst, and water inrush. The test system is adaptable to a variety of engineering rock mass models, multi-scale evolution process experiments, multi-information precise testing, coupling analysis, etc., and can become a basic test equipment for studying engineering rock mass dynamics, engineering rock mass dynamics behavior and mechanism, and can become a basic test equipment for breaking through the difficulties of experimental research and theoretical analysis of rock mass dynamics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of deep mines and deep engineering, and in particular to an engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system and method. Background Art

[0002] Coal is my country's basic energy source and will remain the main energy source in my country for a long time. The mining depth of mines is getting deeper and deeper. At present, the deepest coal mine in my country has reached 1500m, the metal mine has reached 1600m, and the world's deepest mine, the South African gold mine, has reached 4530m. my country is also carrying out ultra-deep drilling projects and ultra-deep seismic observation point projects, and building a large number of deep underground projects such as deep buried tunnels and scientific laboratories. The deep strata have complex and changeable conditions. Most of them are distributed in a zoned layered manner, contain gas and liquid to varying degrees, are seriously affected by geological structures, and have very complex stress states. Deep underground projects such as mines, tunnels, and drilling are affected by ground stress, structure, and the presence of gas and liquid. Deep coal mining will be accompanied by coal-rock dynamic disasters such as rock burst, coal and gas outburst, and water inrush. Non-coal mines and tunnels will have rock dynamic disasters such as rock burst and water inrush.

[0003] Tunnel rock bursts and gas dynamic disasters often cause serious damage to the excavation face, equipment damage and casualties. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a large number of in-depth experimental, theoretical and engineering studies on the mechanical properties, influencing factors, occurrence mechanisms, precursor responses, prediction and early warning, and prevention and control technologies of various rock dynamic disasters. However, the serious rock dynamic disaster accidents that occur from time to time show that the evolution mechanism of rock dynamic disasters in large-scale projects is not clearly understood, and it is difficult to predict and prevent. Rock dynamic disasters have become a global problem in the fields of mining, rock underground engineering and rock mechanics.

[0004] Deep rock mass dynamic disasters are multi-phase, multi-field coupled, and multi-scale evolutionary dynamic disasters in large-scale engineering rock masses. Their disaster-causing factors, evolution processes, and occurrence mechanisms are extremely complex, and have characteristics such as suddenness, complexity, and nonlinearity. Existing rock mass mechanics, rock dynamics theories, models, and constitutive relationships cannot meet actual needs and cannot reflect the nonlinear evolutionary dynamic behavior of engineering rock masses.

[0005] At present, a lot of research has been done in rock mechanics and rock dynamics, revealing the mechanical properties and laws. However, there is a lack of research on rock dynamics, especially engineering rock dynamics. The reason is the lack of engineering rock dynamics simulation test equipment. Experimental research is an effective research method to reveal the basic theories of the incubation and causation of engineering rock dynamic disasters, early warning and prevention. The current laboratory small-scale sample experiments or larger-scale simulation test systems are significantly different from the large-scale rock engineering disaster conditions. They cannot fully reflect the complex geological conditions of different strata, structures, gas and liquid, and the engineering conditions of the coupling of drilling and mining space and activities. It is impossible to study and reveal the evolution process of multi-phase, multi-field and multi-scale rock dynamic disasters. On-site engineering experiments are difficult to conduct all-round observation and analysis, and they are not repeatable.

[0006] Many key scientific and technological problems and basic and applied basic problems of engineering rock dynamic hazards have not yet been solved. The main reason is the lack of scientific experimental equipment that can truly reflect the complex geological conditions of different strata, structures, gas and liquid on site, the coupled engineering conditions of drilling and mining space and activities, the stress action process and its multi-phase, multi-field and multi-scale coupled evolution process, and effectively carry out on-site engineering simulation.

[0007] In view of the significant demand, in order to solve the bottleneck problem in the research of rock dynamic disasters in the field of deep engineering, to study and reveal the evolution process and dynamic mechanism of engineering rock dynamic disasters, the transfer mechanism of stress / deformation / energy, the response signal and precursor characteristics, and to provide scientific experimental equipment for the research and proposal of precise monitoring, prediction and early warning technology and precise prevention and control technology, it is very necessary to invent a universal engineering rock dynamics simulation test system, which can provide scientific research test instruments and platforms for the evolution mechanism, precursor response, prediction and early warning and prevention and control technology research of various rock dynamic disasters such as impact ground pressure, rock burst, coal and gas outburst, and water inrush. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides an engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system, which includes a main body bearing module, a dynamic sealing module, a dynamic and static loading module, a gas-liquid filling module, a temperature control and insulation module, a drilling and support module, and a multi-physical field information perception module;

[0011] The main body bearing module includes an external reaction force frame for providing reaction forces for various loading modes and a multi-scale internal model box for forming a multi-field and multi-phase environment of the test model;

[0012] The dynamic and static loading module adopts the model array loading technology. The dynamic and static loading module respectively sets multiple groups of dynamic and static composite loading cylinders on the six loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box, namely the upper, lower, left, right, front and rear. All dynamic and static composite loading cylinders can be controlled individually or synchronously. The dynamic and static loading module realizes the quasi-static and medium strain rate loading of each array point stress through the flexible structural layer of the loading plate; the upper loading surface of the multi-scale internal model box is provided with a Hopkinson bar, and the right and rear two loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box are provided with a pendulum to realize high strain rate loading;

[0013] The inlet end of the gas-liquid filling pipeline of the gas-liquid filling module is connected to the high-pressure gas-liquid storage chamber, and the outlet end is connected to the gas-liquid filling hole of the bottom plate of the box through a sealing flange and a sealing gasket. The gas-liquid filling module can perform single gas loading, single liquid loading, and gas-liquid two-phase two-step loading into the box to simulate the real gas-liquid storage conditions of deep coal and rock mass;

[0014] The dynamic sealing module is used to prevent leakage of high-pressure gas and liquid, and can realize high-pressure gas-liquid adaptive dynamic sealing through the guide groove and double hydraulic sealing rings;

[0015] The temperature control and insulation module can achieve rapid drying of the sample model and simulate the real geothermal environment of deep coal and rock mass by arranging hot runners on the surface of the force and heat loading plate and the inner surface of the box, arranging silicone rubber heating belts locally on the inner surface of the box, and arranging an insulation layer on the outer surface of the box, while reducing heat loss, improving heating efficiency and temperature control accuracy.

[0016] The drilling, excavation and support module includes a drilling system, a tunneling system, a mining system, a support system and an intelligent control system. The drilling, excavation and support module intelligently controls the motion trajectory and action mode through a computer program, can simulate the mine drilling operation, tunneling operation, mining operation and tunnel excavation support, and can record the working conditions in the tunnel at the moment of the occurrence of a power disaster in real time and at high speed;

[0017] The multi-physical field information perception module realizes real-time monitoring of stress field, seepage field, temperature field and electromagnetic field by pre-burying multi-physical quantity micro sensors inside the sample model; and realizes multi-frequency acoustic wave detection imaging, source location, fracture mechanism solution analysis and fracture field imaging by combining multi-frequency acoustic wave probes and embedded probes to detect ultrasonic, infrasound, acoustic emission and micro-vibration multi-frequency acoustic wave signals in real time and non-destructively.

[0018] Preferably, the external reaction frame includes a truss structure, the external reaction frame is placed on an independent foundation, a vibration isolation trench and a shock absorber are arranged between the independent foundation and the foundation of the engineering rock dynamics simulation test system, a shock absorbing device is arranged between the external reaction frame and the independent foundation, and wave absorbing damping is arranged on the bottom, front, left and right sides of the multi-scale internal model box, which can prevent the multi-scale internal model box from rigid impact during dynamic and static loading and reduce the secondary influence of stress reflection waves on the model, thereby improving the controllability of dynamic loading and the accuracy of the test.

[0019] Preferably, the sample model is made by cutting, pressing or 3D printing, which is simpler to make.

[0020] Preferably, the size of the sample model is made according to the test requirements, and can be matched with the model array loading technology to achieve similar simulation requirements of different similar scales.

[0021] Preferably, the Hopkinson bar is connected to the crossbeam of the impact loading frame and can move forward and backward on the crossbeam of the loading frame, the crossbeam of the loading frame can move left and right on the impact loading frame, the Hopkinson bar can be moved and fixed to any area of ​​the loading surface on the multi-scale internal model box and connected to the dynamic-static composite loading cylinder, so as to realize impact loading of any area on the upper loading surface of the multi-scale internal model box; the pendulum is connected to the crossbeam of the pendulum frame and can move on the crossbeam of the pendulum frame, the pendulum rod of the pendulum can be extended and retracted, the pendulum can be moved and fixed to any area of ​​the right and rear loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box and connected to the dynamic-static composite loading cylinder, so as to realize pendulum loading of any area of ​​the right and rear loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box.

[0022] Preferably, a quick unloading window is provided in the middle of the front loading surface of the multi-scale internal model box, a loading cylinder is provided inside the quick unloading window, a round hole is left in the middle of the quick unloading window, and a hydraulic locking device, a unloading window guide rail, and a buffer spring are provided outside the quick unloading window. Before operation, the hydraulic locking device locks the guide rail to ensure gas-liquid sealing. During operation, the hydraulic locking device is released, the quick unloading window pops out, and operation is performed through the round hole in the middle.

[0023] Preferably, the multi-physical quantity micro sensor includes an air pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor, and a displacement sensor, and the multi-frequency acoustic wave probe can detect ultrasonic, infrasonic, acoustic emission and micro-vibration multi-frequency acoustic wave signals.

[0024] Preferably, the main body bearing module is also provided with a matching sliding system consisting of a bottom lifting cylinder, a traction system and a guide rail, which can realize the automatic import and export of the model box.

[0025] The present invention also provides a test method for superposition-induced protrusion of engineering activities and dynamic and static loads using the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) Simulating a coal mine with coal and gas outburst, taking coal samples and measuring coal seam temperature, triaxial ground stress and gas pressure; testing and analyzing the physical and mechanical parameters of the retrieved coal samples, wherein the physical and mechanical parameters of the coal samples include density, elastic modulus, triaxial compressive strength and adsorption-desorption constant;

[0027] (2) according to the physical and mechanical parameters of the coal sample obtained in step (1), a sample model is manufactured by 3D printing to ensure that the sample model is consistent with the on-site coal sample in terms of physical and mechanical parameters, and a multi-physical quantity micro-sensor and an electric spark source or explosive is installed in the sample model; the physical quantity micro-sensor includes an air pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor, and a displacement sensor;

[0028] (3) placing the sample model prepared in step (2) in a box, introducing the box into the main body bearing module, and installing the multi-frequency acoustic wave probe and the embedded probe in the sample model and the loading plate respectively; controlling the front loading surface and the rear loading surface to contact the box, closing the quick unloading window of the front loading surface and locking it;

[0029] (4) Start the multi-physical field information perception module to collect data from each sensor in real time; start the temperature control and insulation module to heat the sample so that the sample temperature is consistent with the on-site coal seam temperature; start the dynamic and static loading module to apply static load to the sample so that the load on the sample is consistent with the on-site coal seam three-dimensional stress; start the gas-liquid filling module to vacuum and adsorb gas on the sample so that the sample adsorbed gas pressure is consistent with the coal seam gas pressure;

[0030] (5) Control the front loading surface to instantly detach from the sample, simulate the coal and gas outburst induced by stone gate coal uncovering under static load conditions, observe the outburst and record the quality of the outburst coal sample;

[0031] (6) Repeat steps (2) to (4) and control the dynamic and static loading modules, start the pendulum or the Hopkinson bar to apply a dynamic load to the sample surface, start the electric spark source or the explosive to apply a dynamic load to the sample content, and control the front loading surface to instantly separate from the sample, so as to simulate the coal and gas outburst induced by stone gate coal uncovering under dynamic and static load conditions, observe the occurrence of outburst and record the quality of the outburst coal sample;

[0032] (7) Repeat steps (2) to (4) and release the hydraulic locking device, the quick unloading window automatically pops up, and the drilling, excavation and support module is started. The drilling system, excavation system, mining system and support system are intelligently controlled by a computer program to perform drilling operations, excavation operations, mining operations and tunnel excavation support in sequence to simulate the coal mine engineering activity-induced outburst conditions until coal and gas outbursts are induced, and the quality of the outburst coal sample is recorded at the same time;

[0033] (8) Repeat steps (2) to (4), release the hydraulic locking device, the quick unloading window automatically pops up, and start the drilling, excavation and support module, and intelligently control the drilling system, excavation system, mining system and support system through a computer program, and perform drilling operations, excavation operations, mining operations and tunnel excavation support in sequence to simulate coal mine engineering activities; at the same time, control the dynamic and static loading module, and start the pendulum or Hopkinson bar in sequence to apply dynamic loads to the sample surface, and start the electric spark source or explosives to apply dynamic loads to the sample content, so as to simulate the coal mine engineering activities and the superposition of dynamic and static loads to induce coal and gas outburst conditions, until coal and gas outburst is induced, and record the quality of the outburst coal sample at the same time;

[0034] (9) The quality of coal samples induced by static loads, dynamic and static loads, drilling and mining engineering activities, and the superposition of engineering activities and dynamic and static loads is analyzed to compare the influence of different conditions on the intensity of the outburst; based on the real-time recorded signals during the outburst under different conditions, the dynamic evolution of coal sample parameters and outburst precursor signals are studied and analyzed; based on the outburst test induced by engineering activities and the superposition of dynamic and static loads, the critical outburst-inducing dynamic load energy and critical outburst-inducing engineering activity parameters are obtained to provide a theoretical basis for on-site outburst prediction and prevention and control work.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can realize the engineering and multi-adaptability of the engineering rock model by making the sample model through segmentation, pressing or 3D printing, can truly reflect the complex geological conditions such as different strata, structures, gas and liquid on site, drilling and mining space and active engineering conditions, stress action process, and its multi-phase, multi-field and multi-scale coupled evolution process, follow the principles of geometric similarity, sample structure similarity, physical mechanics similarity, motion similarity and dynamic similarity, have universality and scientificity, can truly simulate various engineering rock dynamic disasters in deep engineering, and can become a simulation test instrument and platform for the research on the influencing factors, evolution mechanism, precursor response, prediction and early warning and prevention and control technology of various rock dynamic disasters such as impact ground pressure, rock burst, various coal and gas outbursts, and water inrush. The test system is suitable for various engineering rock models, multi-scale evolution process experiments and multi-information precise testing, coupling analysis, etc., and can become the basic test equipment for the research on rock engineering dynamics, engineering rock dynamics behavior and mechanism, and can become the basic test equipment for breaking through the difficulties of rock dynamics experimental research and theoretical analysis, and the test steps are simple, the detection effect is good, and it has good practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A top view of the engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Middle AA section;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a temperature control and insulation module in the engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of a multi-frequency acoustic wave probe in the engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a side view of the rapid unloading window of the engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure, 1, sample; 2, bidirectional trolley; 3, trolley X-direction guide rail; 4, trolley Y-direction guide rail; 5, engineering cylinder; 6, quick unloading window; 7, buffer spring; 8a-8c, unloading window guide rail; 9a-9d, high-strength bolts; 10, front loading surface; 11, external reaction force frame; 12, X-direction pendulum; 13, X-direction pendulum frame; 14, rear loading surface; 15, Y-direction pendulum; 16, Y-direction pendulum frame; 17, impact loading frame; 18. Reaction base; 19a-19d. Dynamic and static composite loading cylinder; 20a-20c. Loading sealing sleeve; 21a-21f. Sealing gasket; 22. Hopkinson rod; 23. Box; 24. Box wall; 25. Force and heat loading plate; 26. Hot runner heating plate; 27. Heating cable channel; 28. Reaction frame steel plate; 29. ​​Signal probe; 30. Flange; 31. External seat; 32. Multi-frequency acoustic wave probe; 33a-33b. Composite gasket; 34. Bolt; 35. Unloading window pressure plate; 36. Loading cylinder; 37. Round hole; 38. Hydraulic locking device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1-5 ,This example provides an engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system, including a main bearing module, a dynamic sealing module, a dynamic and static loading module, a gas-liquid filling module, a temperature control and insulation module, a drilling and support module, and a multi-physical field information perception module;

[0045] The main bearing module includes an external reaction force frame that provides reaction forces for various loading modes and a multi-scale internal model box that forms a multi-field and multi-phase environment of the test model;

[0046] The dynamic sealing module can prevent leakage of high-pressure gas and liquid by designing a variety of sealing measures on the contact surfaces of different components, thereby realizing high-pressure gas-liquid adaptive dynamic sealing;

[0047] The dynamic and static loading module adopts the model array loading technology, and multiple groups of dynamic and static composite loading cylinders 19a-19d are respectively arranged on the six loading surfaces of the upper, lower, left, right, front and rear of the multi-scale internal model box. All dynamic and static composite loading cylinders 19a-19d can be controlled individually or synchronously. The dynamic and static loading module realizes the quasi-static and medium strain rate loading of each array point stress through the flexible structural layer of the loading plate; the upper loading surface of the multi-scale internal model box is provided with a Hopkinson rod 22 and an impact loading frame 17, and the Hopkinson rod 22 is connected to a reaction base 18. The right and rear loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box are provided with pendulums, which can realize high strain rate loading, and the electric spark source or explosives are pre-buried in the sample model or the excavation is arranged. Ultra-high strain rate loading can be achieved head-on, the specimen model 1 is installed on the bidirectional trolley 2, the bidirectional trolley 2 is correspondingly installed on the trolley X-guide rail 3, the trolley X-guide rail 3 is correspondingly provided with a trolley Y-shaped guide rail 4 in the vertical direction, the specimen model 1 includes a box body 23, a reaction frame steel plate 28 is vertically provided on the box body 23, the reaction frame steel plate 28 is fixed with a flange 30 by bolts 34, a signal probe 29 is installed on the flange 30 and the reaction frame steel plate 28, an outer seat 31 is formed at the tail end of the signal probe 29, a multi-frequency acoustic wave probe 32 is installed on the outer seat 31, sealing gaskets 21e and 21f are arranged between the signal probe 29, the flange 30 and the reaction frame steel plate 28, and composite gaskets 33a and 33b are arranged between the bolts 34 and the flange 30, and between the flange 30 and the reaction frame steel plate 28.

[0048] The inlet end of the gas-liquid filling pipeline of the gas-liquid filling module is connected to the high-pressure gas-liquid storage chamber, and the outlet end is connected to the gas-liquid filling hole of the bottom plate of the box through a sealing flange and a sealing gasket, so that the inside of the box can be loaded with gas alone, liquid alone, and gas-liquid two-phase two-step under the condition of ensuring sealing, so as to simulate the real gas-liquid storage conditions of deep coal and rock mass;

[0049] The temperature control and insulation module is provided with hot runners on the surface of the force heat loading plate 25 and the inner surface of the box 23, silicone rubber heating belts are partially arranged on the inner surface of the box, and an insulation layer is arranged on the outer surface of the box. A hot runner heating plate 26 is arranged on the force heat loading plate 25; the force heat loading plate 25 is connected to a dynamic and static composite loading cylinder 19d, a heating cable channel 27 is arranged in the dynamic and static composite loading cylinder 19d, and a sealing gasket 21d is arranged between the dynamic and static composite loading cylinder 19d and the box wall 24 of the box 23, which can realize the rapid drying of the sample model and simulate the real geothermal storage environment of deep coal and rock mass, while reducing heat loss, improving heating efficiency and temperature control accuracy;

[0050] The drilling, excavation and support module includes a drilling system, an excavation system, a mining system, a support system and an intelligent control system. Through the intelligent control of the motion trajectory and action mode by a computer program, it can simulate the mining operation, excavation operation, mining operation and tunnel excavation support, and can record the working conditions in the tunnel at the moment of the occurrence of a dynamic disaster in real time and at high speed;

[0051] The multi-physical field information perception module realizes real-time monitoring of stress field, seepage field, temperature field and electromagnetic field by pre-burying multi-physical quantity micro sensors inside the sample model; and realizes multi-frequency acoustic wave detection imaging, source location, fracture mechanism solution analysis and fracture field imaging by combining multi-frequency acoustic wave probes and embedded probes to detect ultrasonic, infrasound, acoustic emission and micro-vibration multi-frequency acoustic wave signals in real time and non-destructively.

[0052] The external reaction frame is composed of a truss structure, and each part is fixed by high-strength bolts 9a-9d. The external reaction frame 11 is placed on an independent foundation. A vibration isolation groove and a shock absorber are arranged between the independent foundation and the foundation. A shock absorbing device is arranged between the external reaction frame and the independent foundation. The bottom, front, left and right sides of the multi-scale internal model box are provided with wave absorbing damping, which can prevent the multi-scale internal model box from rigid impact during dynamic and static loading and reduce the secondary influence of stress reflection waves on the model, thereby improving the controllability of dynamic loading and the accuracy of the test.

[0053] The sample model is made by cutting, pressing or 3D printing, which makes the production easier.

[0054] The size of the sample model is made according to the test requirements, and can be combined with the model array loading technology to achieve similar simulation requirements of different similar scales.

[0055] The Hopkinson bar 22 is connected to the crossbeam of the impact loading frame and can move forward and backward on the crossbeam of the loading frame. The crossbeam of the loading frame can move left and right on the impact loading frame. The Hopkinson bar 22 can be moved and fixed to any area of ​​the loading surface on the multi-scale internal model box and is connected to the dynamic and static composite loading cylinder 19b, so as to realize impact loading on any area of ​​the upper loading surface of the multi-scale internal model box; the pendulum is connected to the crossbeam of the pendulum frame and can move on the crossbeam of the pendulum frame. The pendulum frame includes an X-direction pendulum frame 13 and a Y-direction pendulum frame 16. The pendulum includes an X-direction pendulum 12 corresponding to the X-direction pendulum frame 13 and a Y-direction pendulum 15 corresponding to the Y-direction pendulum frame 16. The pendulum rod of the pendulum can be extended and retracted. The pendulum can be moved and fixed to any area of ​​the right and rear loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box and is connected to the dynamic and static composite loading cylinders 19b-19c, so as to realize pendulum loading on any area of ​​the right and rear loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box.

[0056] The external reaction force frame 11, the X-direction pendulum 12, and the X-direction pendulum frame 13 are arranged between the front loading surface 10 and the rear loading surface 14 of the multi-scale internal model box, and the external reaction force frame 11, the X-direction pendulum 12, the X-direction pendulum frame 13, the front loading surface 10, and the rear loading surface 14 are installed on the Y-shaped guide rail 4 of the trolley.

[0057] A quick unloading window 6 is provided in the middle of the front loading surface 10 of the multi-scale internal model box, and an engineering cylinder 5 is provided on the front loading surface 10. The telescopic end of the engineering cylinder 5 is connected to the external reaction frame 11. A loading cylinder 36 is provided inside the quick unloading window 6. A 300 mm round hole 37 is left in the middle of the quick unloading window 6. A hydraulic locking device 38, an unloading window guide rail 8a-8c, a buffer spring 7, and an unloading window pressure plate 35 are provided outside the quick unloading window 6. Before operation, the hydraulic locking device 38 locks the guide rail to ensure gas-liquid sealing. During operation, the hydraulic locking device 38 is released, the quick unloading window 6 pops out, and operation is performed through the middle round hole, or the front loading surface 10 of the multi-scale internal model box is completely detached, and operation is performed under the loading conditions of the other 5 surfaces.

[0058] The multi-physical quantity micro sensor includes an air pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor, and a displacement sensor. The multi-frequency sound wave probe can detect ultrasonic waves, infrasound waves, acoustic emissions, and micro-vibration multi-frequency sound wave signals.

[0059] The main body bearing module is also provided with a matching sliding system consisting of a bottom lifting cylinder, a traction system, and a guide rail, which can realize the automatic import and export of the model box.

[0060] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing an induced outburst caused by superposition of engineering activities and dynamic and static loads, comprising the following steps:

[0061] The first step is to simulate a coal mine with coal and gas outbursts, take coal samples and measure the coal seam temperature, three-dimensional ground stress and gas pressure; test and analyze the physical and mechanical parameters of the retrieved coal samples, including density, elastic modulus, triaxial compressive strength and adsorption-desorption constant;

[0062] The second step is to make a sample model through 3D printing according to the physical and mechanical parameters of the coal sample obtained in the first step, to ensure that the sample model is consistent with the physical and mechanical parameters of the on-site coal sample, and to install multi-physical quantity micro sensors and electric spark sources or explosives in the sample model; the physical quantity micro sensors include air pressure sensors, temperature sensors, stress sensors, and displacement sensors;

[0063] The third step is to place the sample model in the box, introduce the box into the main body bearing module, install the multi-frequency acoustic wave probe and the embedded probe in the sample model and the loading plate respectively; control the front loading surface and the rear loading surface to contact the box, close the quick unloading window of the front loading surface and lock it;

[0064] The fourth step is to start the multi-physical field information perception module to collect data from each sensor in real time; start the temperature control and insulation module to heat the sample so that the sample temperature is consistent with the on-site coal seam temperature; start the dynamic and static loading module to apply static load to the sample so that the load on the sample is consistent with the on-site coal seam three-dimensional stress; start the gas-liquid filling module to vacuum and adsorb gas on the sample so that the sample adsorbed gas pressure is consistent with the coal seam gas pressure;

[0065] The fifth step is to control the front loading surface to be separated from the sample instantly, simulate the coal and gas outburst induced by stone gate coal uncovering under static load conditions, observe the outburst and record the quality of the outburst coal sample;

[0066] Step 6: Repeat steps 2 to 4 to control the dynamic and static loading modules, start the pendulum or Hopkinson bar to apply dynamic load to the sample surface, start the electric spark source or explosives to apply dynamic load to the sample content, and control the front loading surface to instantly separate from the sample, simulating the coal and gas outburst induced by stone gate coal uncovering under dynamic and static load conditions, observe the outburst and record the quality of the outburst coal sample;

[0067] Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 4 to release the hydraulic locking device, the quick unloading window will pop up automatically, and the drilling, excavation and support module will be started. The drilling system, excavation system, mining system and support system will be intelligently controlled by computer program to perform drilling, excavation, mining and tunnel excavation support in sequence to simulate the outburst condition induced by coal mine engineering activities until coal and gas outburst is induced, and the quality of the outburst coal sample will be recorded at the same time.

[0068] Step 8: Repeat steps 2 to 4, release the hydraulic locking device, the quick unloading window pops up automatically, and start the drilling, excavation and support module. The drilling system, excavation system, mining system and support system are intelligently controlled by computer programs to perform drilling operations, excavation operations, mining operations and tunnel excavation support in sequence to simulate coal mine engineering activities. At the same time, the dynamic and static loading modules are controlled to start the pendulum or Hopkinson bar to apply dynamic loads to the sample surface, and start the electric spark source or explosives to apply dynamic loads to the sample content in sequence to simulate the coal mine engineering activities and the superposition of dynamic and static loads to induce coal and gas outburst conditions, until coal and gas outburst is induced, and the quality of the outburst coal sample is recorded at the same time.

[0069] The ninth step is to compare and analyze the influence of different conditions on the intensity of outburst by analyzing the quality of coal samples when outburst is induced by different conditions such as static load, dynamic and static load, drilling and mining engineering activities, and the superposition of engineering activities with dynamic and static loads; study and analyze the dynamic evolution of coal sample parameters and outburst precursor signals based on the real-time recorded signals during the outburst under different conditions; obtain the critical outburst-inducing dynamic load energy and critical outburst-inducing engineering activity parameters based on the outburst-inducing test with the superposition of engineering activities with dynamic and static loads, so as to provide a theoretical basis for on-site outburst prediction and prevention and control work.

[0070] Implementation Case 2

[0071] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a method for testing rock burst induced by dynamic and static load superposition in fault area mining, including the following steps:

[0072] The first step is to simulate a coal mine with rock burst, determine the fault structure of its coal and rock layers, measure the three-dimensional stress of the coal seams, take coal and rock samples and measure their physical and mechanical parameters;

[0073] The second step is to determine the similarity ratio and similarity scale according to the similarity simulation test principle based on the parameter test results of the sampled coal and rock samples and the fault structure characteristics, make a sample model, densely lay multi-physical quantity micro sensors in the coal and rock layer, the top and bottom plate positions, and near the fault of the sample model, and install electric spark sources or explosives;

[0074] The third step is to place the sample model in the box, introduce the box into the main body bearing module, install the multi-frequency acoustic wave probe and embedded probe of the multi-physics field information sensing module in the sample model and the loading plate respectively; control the front loading surface and the rear loading surface to contact the box, close the quick unloading window of the front loading surface and lock it;

[0075] The fourth step is to start the multi-physical field information perception module to collect data from each sensor in real time; start the temperature control and insulation module to heat the sample so that the temperature of the sample model is consistent with the temperature of the on-site coal seam; start the dynamic and static loading module to apply static load to the sample so that the load on the sample model is consistent with the three-dimensional stress of the on-site coal seam;

[0076] The fifth step is to release the hydraulic locking device, and the quick unloading window will pop up automatically. The dynamic and static loading modules are controlled to start the pendulum or Hopkinson bar to apply dynamic loads to the surface of the sample model, observe the disturbance of the fault sample under the dynamic load, and observe whether rock burst disaster occurs. If rock burst does not occur, the electric spark source or explosives are further started to apply dynamic loads to the top and bottom plates or faults until rock burst occurs. If rock burst still does not occur, the drilling, excavation and support modules are started, and the drilling system, excavation system, mining system and support system are controlled by computer programs to perform drilling operations, excavation operations, mining operations and tunnel excavation support in sequence to simulate the rock burst test conditions induced by the superposition of dynamic and static loads in the fault area until rock burst is induced.

[0077] The present invention manufactures sample models by segmentation, pressing or 3D printing, which can realize the engineering and multi-adaptability of engineering rock models, can truly reflect the complex geological conditions of different strata, structures, gas and liquid on site, drilling and mining space and active engineering conditions, stress action process, and its multi-phase, multi-field and multi-scale coupled evolution process, and follows the principles of geometric similarity, sample structure similarity, physical and mechanical similarity, motion similarity and dynamic similarity. It has universality and scientificity, can truly simulate various engineering rock dynamic disasters in deep engineering, and can become a simulation test instrument and platform for the research of influencing factors, evolution mechanism, precursor response, prediction and early warning and prevention and control technologies of various rock dynamic disasters such as impact ground pressure, rock burst, various coal and gas outbursts, and water inrush. The test system is adaptable to various engineering rock models, multi-scale evolution process experiments, multi-information precise testing, coupling analysis, etc., and can become a basic test equipment for the research of rock engineering dynamics, engineering rock dynamics behavior and mechanism, and can become a basic test equipment for breaking through the difficulties of rock dynamics experimental research and theoretical analysis.

[0078] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system, Features: It includes main bearing module, dynamic sealing module, dynamic and static loading module, gas-liquid filling module, temperature control and insulation module, drilling and support module, and multi-physical field information perception module; The main body bearing module includes an external reaction force frame for providing reaction forces for various loading modes and a multi-scale internal model box for forming a multi-field and multi-phase environment of the test model; The dynamic and static loading module adopts the model array loading technology. The dynamic and static loading module respectively sets multiple groups of dynamic and static composite loading cylinders on the six loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box, namely the upper, lower, left, right, front and rear. All dynamic and static composite loading cylinders can be controlled individually or synchronously. The dynamic and static loading module realizes the quasi-static and medium strain rate loading of each array point stress through the flexible structural layer of the loading plate; the upper loading surface of the multi-scale internal model box is provided with a Hopkinson bar, and the right and rear two loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box are provided with pendulums to realize high strain rate loading; The inlet end of the gas-liquid filling pipeline of the gas-liquid filling module is connected to the high-pressure gas-liquid storage chamber, and the outlet end is connected to the gas-liquid filling hole of the bottom plate of the box through a sealing flange and a sealing gasket. The gas-liquid filling module can perform single gas loading, single liquid loading, and gas-liquid two-phase two-step loading into the box to simulate the real gas-liquid storage conditions of deep coal and rock mass; The dynamic sealing module is used to prevent leakage of high-pressure gas and liquid, and can realize high-pressure gas-liquid adaptive dynamic sealing through the guide groove and double hydraulic sealing rings; The temperature control and insulation module can achieve rapid drying of the sample model and simulate the real geothermal environment of deep coal and rock mass by arranging hot runners on the surface of the force and heat loading plate and the inner surface of the box, arranging silicone rubber heating belts locally on the inner surface of the box, and arranging an insulation layer on the outer surface of the box, while reducing heat loss, improving heating efficiency and temperature control accuracy. The drilling, excavation and support module includes a drilling system, a tunneling system, a mining system, a support system and an intelligent control system. The drilling, excavation and support module intelligently controls the motion trajectory and action mode through a computer program, can simulate the mine drilling operation, tunneling operation, mining operation and tunnel excavation support, and can record the working conditions in the tunnel at the moment of the occurrence of a power disaster in real time and at high speed; The multi-physical field information perception module realizes real-time monitoring of stress field, seepage field, temperature field and electromagnetic field by pre-burying multi-physical quantity micro sensors inside the sample model; and realizes multi-frequency acoustic wave detection imaging, source location, fracture mechanism solution analysis and fracture field imaging by combining multi-frequency acoustic wave probes and embedded probes to detect ultrasonic, infrasound, acoustic emission and micro-vibration multi-frequency acoustic wave signals in real time and non-destructively.

2. An engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system as claimed in claim 1, Features: The external reaction frame includes a truss structure, and the external reaction frame is placed on an independent foundation. A vibration isolation groove and a shock absorber are arranged between the independent foundation and the foundation of the engineering rock dynamics simulation test system. A shock absorbing device is arranged between the external reaction frame and the independent foundation. The bottom, front, left and right sides of the multi-scale internal model box are provided with wave absorbing damping, which can prevent the multi-scale internal model box from rigid impact during dynamic and static loading and reduce the secondary influence of stress reflection waves on the model, thereby improving the controllability of dynamic loading and the accuracy of the test.

3. An engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system as claimed in claim 1, Features: The sample model is made by cutting, pressing or 3D printing.

4. An engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system as claimed in claim 3, Features: The size of the sample model is made according to the test requirements, and can be combined with the model array loading technology to achieve similar simulation requirements of different similar scales.

5. An engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system as claimed in claim 1, Features: The Hopkinson bar is connected to the crossbeam of the impact loading frame and can move forward and backward on the crossbeam of the loading frame. The crossbeam of the loading frame can move left and right on the impact loading frame. The Hopkinson bar can move and be fixed to any area of ​​the loading surface on the multi-scale internal model box and is connected to the dynamic and static composite loading cylinder, so as to realize impact loading on any area of ​​the upper loading surface of the multi-scale internal model box; the pendulum is connected to the crossbeam of the pendulum frame and can move on the crossbeam of the pendulum frame. The pendulum rod of the pendulum can be extended and retracted. The pendulum can be moved and fixed to any area of ​​the right and rear loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box and is connected to the dynamic and static composite loading cylinder, so as to realize pendulum loading on any area of ​​the right and rear loading surfaces of the multi-scale internal model box.

6. An engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system as claimed in claim 1, Features: A quick unloading window is arranged in the middle of the front loading surface of the multi-scale internal model box, a loading cylinder is arranged inside the quick unloading window, a round hole is reserved in the middle of the quick unloading window, a hydraulic locking device, a unloading window guide rail, and a buffer spring are arranged outside the quick unloading window, before operation, the hydraulic locking device locks the guide rail to ensure gas-liquid sealing, and during operation, the hydraulic locking device is released, the quick unloading window pops out, and operation is performed through the round hole in the middle.

7. An engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system as claimed in claim 1, Features: The multi-physical quantity micro sensor includes an air pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor, and a displacement sensor. The multi-frequency sound wave probe can detect ultrasonic waves, infrasound waves, acoustic emissions, and micro-vibration multi-frequency sound wave signals.

8. An engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system as claimed in claim 1, Features: The main body bearing module is also provided with a matching sliding system consisting of a bottom lifting cylinder, a traction system, and a guide rail, which can realize the automatic import and export of the model box.

9. A test method for an engineering rock mass dynamics simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, Features: The following steps are involved: (1) Simulating a coal mine with coal and gas outburst, taking coal samples and measuring coal seam temperature, triaxial ground stress and gas pressure; testing and analyzing the physical and mechanical parameters of the retrieved coal samples, wherein the physical and mechanical parameters of the coal samples include density, elastic modulus, triaxial compressive strength and adsorption-desorption constant; (2) according to the physical and mechanical parameters of the coal sample obtained in step (1), a sample model is manufactured by 3D printing to ensure that the sample model is consistent with the on-site coal sample in terms of physical and mechanical parameters, and a multi-physical quantity micro-sensor and an electric spark source or explosive is installed in the sample model; the physical quantity micro-sensor includes an air pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor, and a displacement sensor; (3) placing the sample model prepared in step (2) in a box, introducing the box into the main body bearing module, and installing the multi-frequency acoustic wave probe and the embedded probe in the sample model and the loading plate respectively; controlling the front loading surface and the rear loading surface to contact the box, closing the quick unloading window of the front loading surface and locking it; (4) Start the multi-physical field information perception module to collect data from each sensor in real time; start the temperature control and insulation module to heat the sample so that the sample temperature is consistent with the on-site coal seam temperature; start the dynamic and static loading module to apply static load to the sample so that the load on the sample is consistent with the on-site coal seam three-dimensional stress; start the gas-liquid filling module to vacuum and adsorb gas on the sample so that the sample adsorbed gas pressure is consistent with the coal seam gas pressure; (5) Control the front loading surface to instantly detach from the sample, simulate the coal and gas outburst induced by stone gate coal uncovering under static load conditions, observe the outburst and record the quality of the outburst coal sample; (6) Repeat steps (2) to (4) and control the dynamic and static loading modules, start the pendulum or the Hopkinson bar to apply a dynamic load to the sample surface, start the electric spark source or the explosive to apply a dynamic load to the sample content, and control the front loading surface to instantly separate from the sample, so as to simulate the coal and gas outburst induced by stone gate coal uncovering under dynamic and static load conditions, observe the occurrence of outburst and record the quality of the outburst coal sample; (7) Repeat steps (2) to (4) and release the hydraulic locking device, the quick unloading window automatically pops up, and the drilling, excavation and support module is started. The drilling system, excavation system, mining system and support system are intelligently controlled by a computer program to perform drilling operations, excavation operations, mining operations and tunnel excavation support in sequence to simulate the coal mine engineering activity-induced outburst conditions until coal and gas outbursts are induced, and the quality of the outburst coal sample is recorded at the same time; (8) Repeat steps (2) to (4), release the hydraulic locking device, the quick unloading window automatically pops up, and start the drilling, excavation and support module, and intelligently control the drilling system, excavation system, mining system and support system through a computer program, and perform drilling operations, excavation operations, mining operations and tunnel excavation support in sequence to simulate coal mine engineering activities; at the same time, control the dynamic and static loading module, and start the pendulum or Hopkinson bar in sequence to apply dynamic loads to the sample surface, and start the electric spark source or explosives to apply dynamic loads to the sample content, so as to simulate the coal mine engineering activities and the superposition of dynamic and static loads to induce coal and gas outburst conditions, until coal and gas outburst is induced, and record the quality of the outburst coal sample at the same time; (9) The quality of coal samples induced by static loads, dynamic and static loads, drilling and mining engineering activities, and the superposition of engineering activities and dynamic and static loads is analyzed to compare the influence of different conditions on the intensity of the outburst; based on the real-time recorded signals during the outburst under different conditions, the dynamic evolution of coal sample parameters and outburst precursor signals are studied and analyzed; based on the outburst test induced by engineering activities and the superposition of dynamic and static loads, the critical outburst-inducing dynamic load energy and critical outburst-inducing engineering activity parameters are obtained to provide a theoretical basis for on-site outburst prediction and prevention and control work.

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