Device and method for ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic-based composite materials

Abstract

The present invention provides a device and method for ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic-based composite materials, including a cutting system, a force measuring system, a photographing system and a tool setting system. The cutting system includes a five-axis CNC machining center, an ultrasonic vibration tool holder, a contactless power transmission device, an ultrasonic power supply, and a special tool. The force measuring system includes a dynamometer, a charge amplifier, a data collector and a computer. The photographing system includes a high-speed camera, a high-power lens, a data storage device and a processor. The tool setting system includes an acoustic emission sensor, a probe, and the computer. The probe and the acoustic emission sensor are connected, and the acoustic emission sensor is cleared and calibrated before tool setting. The present invention is a new type of ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting device that integrates real-time cutting force and cutting process morphology recording, which can realize the observation of chip formation during ultrasonic-assisted cutting of composite materials and compare cutting morphology and cutting force in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a material removal mechanism research method in the field of engineering technology, and in particular to a device and method for ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic-based composite materials. Background Art

[0002] Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are mainly composed of reinforcement phase, interface phase and matrix phase. They have excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature mechanical properties, and have the advantages of high hardness, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, good wear resistance, good thermal stability and low density. Ceramic matrix composites have gradually become a new type of high-temperature resistant material that can replace traditional high-temperature alloys and other materials. They are widely used in aerospace, nuclear energy, braking systems and other fields, such as: turbine blades and combustion chambers of aircraft engines, automobile brake discs, nuclear reactors, etc.

[0003] At present, some scholars at home and abroad believe that grinding is a more suitable processing method for ceramic matrix composites, with high surface quality and low damage after processing. However, the grinding wheel wear is relatively serious during the grinding process of ceramic matrix composites, and the processing efficiency is relatively low. In recent years, some scholars have begun to study the ultrasonic assisted milling technology of ceramic matrix composites. Ultrasonic assisted processing technology can reduce cutting force, improve surface quality, reduce tool wear, and inhibit processing damage, and has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. Ultrasonic assisted processing technology is affected by the material properties of Cf / SiC composites, and its processing mechanism has not yet been fully mastered. In milling, right-angle cutting is the most commonly used method to study material removal mechanisms (such as material removal, chip formation, cutting edge wear, etc.). Studies have found that the material removal mechanism and damage formation mechanism of ultrasonic assisted milling of ceramic matrix composites have not yet been revealed. Domestic and foreign scholars generally focus on studying single abrasive scratch tests to analyze the material removal mechanism, but there are few literatures on right-angle cutting tests for ceramic matrix composites. At present, some scholars use a high-speed camera + dynamometer combination device to study the experimental device for cutting of laminated materials (see Chinese patent CN 110883355 for details), by installing a high-speed microscopic observation system to record the interaction process between the cutting edge and the material and using a cutting force online measurement system to monitor the cutting force. However, the method provided by the above patent is only applicable to the processing damage and mechanism of hard and brittle materials such as ceramic matrix composites, and does not involve the study of the right-angle cutting process. At present, the traditional sample preparation still uses a grinding and polishing process, which has low processing efficiency and high cost. The existing right-angle cutting test does not describe an efficient and convenient sample preparation process. Ceramic matrix composites lack a certain degree of systematicity, rigor and scientificity in the right-angle cutting research. In summary, there has been no systematic study on the right-angle cutting test of ceramic matrix composites with one-dimensional or multi-dimensional woven structures, which seriously restricts the exploration of the material removal mechanism during ultrasonic-assisted milling of ceramic matrix composites. The main problems in current research are: ① Due to the material properties and application fields of ceramic-based composites during processing, an efficient processing technology is needed to improve processing efficiency; ② Ceramic-based composites are hard and brittle materials that are difficult to process. During actual processing, the tool wear is severe and the tool needs to be replaced frequently, but the relationship between tool wear and removal mechanism is still unclear; ③ There is still a gap in the material removal mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting experiments on ceramic-based composites, and no research has been done to explore the relevant mechanism of the processing effect of ultrasound in the cutting process. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes to use ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting method to study the material removal mechanism and surface defect formation of ceramic-based composite materials in different cutting directions. First, an ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting test device platform is built, which has a cutting system, a force measurement system, a shooting system and a tool setting system. Secondly, right-angle cutting tests are carried out under different cutting parameters to observe the dynamic changes of chip formation and surface morphology during the cutting process. Finally, the surface fibers, interfaces and micromorphology of the matrix of the ceramic-based composite materials after the right-angle cutting test are studied to provide a reference for the material removal mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted processing of ceramic-based composite materials. The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0005] A device for ultrasonically assisting right-angle cutting of ceramic-based composite materials comprises a cutting system, a force measuring system, a photographing system and a tool setting system.

[0006] The cutting system includes a five-axis CNC machining center, an ultrasonic vibration toolholder, a non-contact power transmission device, an ultrasonic power supply, and a special tool. The special tool is fixed to the ultrasonic vibration toolholder through a locking nut and a spring chuck; the ultrasonic vibration output by the ultrasonic vibration toolholder can achieve axial vibration-assisted cutting and radial vibration-assisted cutting by adjusting the positional relationship between the special tool and the workpiece (the cutting edge is parallel or perpendicular to the ultrasonic vibration direction); the ultrasonic power supply can transmit power to the ultrasonic vibration toolholder through the non-contact power transmission device; the ultrasonic vibration toolholder and the non-contact power transmission device are sequentially fixed on the main shaft of the five-axis CNC machining center.

[0007] The force measuring system comprises a dynamometer, a charge amplifier, a data collector and a computer. During the right-angle cutting process, the real-time cutting force is collected by the dynamometer, and the computer performs online cutting force monitoring and data post-processing.

[0008] The shooting system includes a high-speed camera, a high-power lens, a data storage device and a processor. The high-power lens is installed in front of the high-speed camera. During the right-angle cutting process, the processing image is recorded in real time, and the video is recorded in the data storage device. Finally, the processor analyzes the changes in the surface material morphology and the chip formation process during the cutting process.

[0009] The tool setting system includes an acoustic emission sensor, a probe, and a computer. The probe uses a probe in the frequency range of composite materials and is bonded to the workbench of the five-axis CNC machining center by sealant; the probe is connected to the acoustic emission sensor, and the acoustic emission sensor 41 is cleared and calibrated before tool setting, and the computer collects acoustic emission signals; the working process of the tool setting system is that the five-axis CNC machining center controls the special tool to descend to the acoustic signal threshold of the acoustic emission sensor, and this point is set as the working zero point of the special tool, and then the special tool is cut near 0-20μm above and below this point to verify the accuracy of this point.

[0010] The material removal mechanism research method of ultrasonic vibration assisted right-angle cutting is carried out according to the following specific steps:

[0011] Step 1: According to the tool setting system, the zero point of the special tool and the workpiece material surface is set to ensure the accuracy of the processing parameters; the right-angle test is carried out under dry cutting conditions to reduce the coolant impact noise signal and prevent interference with high-speed photography.

[0012] Step 2: Prepare the sample before the right-angle cutting test. First, use wire cutting or water cutting technology to cut the ceramic-based composite material into standard samples of a certain size. The width of the standard sample must be smaller than the cutting edge width of the special tool.

[0013] Step 3, the surface of the standard sample is ground flat. In the five-axis CNC machining center, a diamond grinding wheel with a grit number of 500-1000 mesh is used to grind the end face layer by layer with a cutting depth of 10 μm in the range of 50-100 μm; then a diamond grinding wheel with a grit number of 1000-3000 mesh is used to grind the end face layer by layer with a cutting depth of 5 μm in the range of 5-30 μm. After grinding, the flatness and roughness are measured by a flatness measuring instrument and a three-dimensional optical surface profiler to obtain a sample surface that can be used for a right-angle cutting test.

[0014] Step 4: Use a scanning electron microscope to observe the surface morphology of the special tool and the standard sample, especially pay attention to the cutting edge of the special tool.

[0015] Step 5: According to different set cutting parameters, the ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting test device is used to perform cutting processing, and the force measurement system and the shooting system are used to record the cutting force and the cutting process.

[0016] Furthermore, in step five, the special tool can be designed into two structures, corresponding to the peripheral cutting edge and the end cutting edge respectively, and can also realize axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted right-angle cutting and radial ultrasonic vibration-assisted right-angle cutting.

[0017] Step 6. After the cutting test, use anhydrous ethanol and an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the surface of the processed workpiece, then place it in a high-temperature dryer for drying, and finally use a high-pressure air gun to flush the surface of the workpiece again to ensure the cleanliness of the workpiece surface.

[0018] Step 7. Use ultra-depth-of-field microscope, three-dimensional optical surface profiler, scanning electron microscope and other equipment to observe the macro and micro morphology of the surface, analyze the material removal mechanism during the material cutting process, and combine the cutting force data in step 5 and the video recording of the cutting process to further develop the material removal mechanism under ultrasonic action.

[0019] Compared with the existing ultrasonic assisted cutting technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] ① A new ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting device that records real-time cutting force and cutting process morphology was designed. It can observe chip formation during ultrasonic-assisted cutting of composite materials and compare cutting morphology and cutting force in real time.

[0021] ② A sample surface flattening method using a semi-finishing grinding and precision grinding cycle is proposed to replace the traditional grinding and polishing technology and improve the efficiency of sample preparation.

[0022] ③ A research method for the material removal mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic-based composites was proposed, and a standard specimen preparation and characterization method for right-angle cutting tests was formed. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling of composite materials provided process guidance and technical support;

[0023] ④ The present invention can realize right-angle cutting, single abrasive scratching, drilling and other mechanism test methods by replacing the tool, and reveal the material removal mechanism from the actual processing, which can provide guidance for the optimal design of the tool.

[0024] Based on the above reasons, the present invention can be widely promoted in the research of ultrasonic-assisted tool processing mechanism of ceramic-based composite materials, such as: research and analysis of material removal mechanism in milling, grinding, drilling and turning processing technologies of ceramic-based composite materials with unidirectional, 2D, 2.5D and 3D woven structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0026] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the entire system of an ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting test device in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a technical roadmap for the research method of the material removal mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of standard sample preparation in ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting processing in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of two tool structures in ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting processing in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1. cutting system, 2. force measuring system, 3. shooting system, 4. tool setting system, 11. five-axis CNC machining center, 12. ultrasonic vibration tool holder, 13. non-contact power transmission device, 14. ultrasonic power supply, 15. special tool, 151. end milling cutter, 152. peripheral milling cutter, 16. workpiece, 21. dynamometer, 22. charge amplifier, 23. data acquisition device, 24. computer, 31 high-power lens, 32. high-speed camera, 33. data storage and processor, 41. acoustic emission sensor, 42. probe, 43. sealant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention proposes to use ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting method to study the material removal mechanism and surface defect formation of ceramic-based composite materials in different cutting directions (along the plane parallel to the fiber axis, perpendicular to the fiber axis and parallel to the normal plane of the fiber). First, an ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting test device platform is built, which has a cutting system, a force measurement system, a shooting system and a tool setting system. Secondly, right-angle cutting tests are carried out under different cutting parameters to observe the dynamic changes of chip formation and surface morphology during the cutting process. Finally, the surface fibers, interfaces and matrix micromorphologies of the ceramic-based composite materials after the right-angle cutting test are studied to provide a reference for the material removal mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted processing of ceramic-based composite materials.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] This specific implementation method takes ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic-based composite materials by a tool as an example, and the device and method for ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic-based composite materials include a test device and a material removal mechanism research method;

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting test device includes a cutting system 1, a force measuring system 2, a photographing system 3 and a tool setting system 4.

[0037] The cutting system 1 includes a five-axis CNC machining center 11, an ultrasonic vibration tool holder 12, a non-contact power transmission device 13, an ultrasonic power supply 14, and a special tool 15. The special tool 15 is fixed to the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 12 by a locking nut and a spring chuck; the ultrasonic vibration form output by the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 12 can achieve axial vibration-assisted cutting and radial vibration-assisted cutting by adjusting the positional relationship between the special tool 15 and the workpiece 16 (the cutting edge is parallel or perpendicular to the ultrasonic vibration direction); the ultrasonic power supply 14 can transmit electric energy to the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 12 through the non-contact power transmission device 13; the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 12 and the non-contact power transmission device 13 are fixed on the spindle of the five-axis CNC machining center 11 in sequence. In this embodiment, the model of the five-axis CNC machining center is Kede machine tool, and the special tool is a single-edge PCD end mill. The milling cutters used in this embodiment include the following: Figure 5 The end edge milling cutter 151 and the peripheral edge milling cutter 152 shown in the figure, the vibration direction of the ultrasonic vibration tool holder is axial vibration, the ultrasonic power supply is automatic frequency tracking, the range is about 5-100kHz, the workpiece material is a unidirectional and woven structure of ceramic-based composite materials, and the workpiece material is fixed to the dynamometer by an easily removable adhesive such as AB glue or sealing wax.

[0038] The force measuring system 2 includes a dynamometer 21, a charge amplifier 22, a data collector 23 and a computer 24. In this embodiment, the dynamometer model is Kistler 9119AA2, the charge amplifier is Kistler 5080A, and the data collector is Kistler 5697A1. According to the Kistler software in the computer, the real-time cutting force signal in the right-angle cutting process is monitored online and the data is post-processed to obtain the maximum value, average value and force fluctuation curve of the cutting force respectively.

[0039] The shooting system 3 includes a high-speed camera 32, a high-magnification lens 31, a data storage device 32 and a processor 33. The high-magnification lens 32 is installed in front of the high-speed camera 31. In this embodiment, the high-speed camera is Japan's NACintroduces HotShot 512sc, with a resolution of 512X512, can take 5000 photos per second, and has 16G of on-board memory; the high-magnification lens is a wide-angle lens, which records the processing image in real time during the right-angle cutting process, records the video in the data storage device 32, and finally analyzes it by the processor 33 to analyze the changes in the surface material morphology and the chip formation process during the cutting process.

[0040] The tool setting system 4 includes an acoustic emission sensor 41, a probe 42, and the computer 24. In this embodiment, the acoustic emission sensor is produced by Vallen Company, the acoustic emission sampling rate is 3MHz, the input signal range is ±10V, the probe 42 adopts a probe in the composite material frequency range, and is bonded to the workbench of the five-axis CNC machining center 11 through a sealant 43; the probe 42 is connected to the acoustic emission sensor 41, and the acoustic emission sensor is cleared and calibrated before tool setting. After the computer 24 collects the acoustic emission signal, it uses MATLAB software to reduce the noise of the signal and extract the features; the tool setting system The working process is that the five-axis CNC machining center controls the special tool to gradually descend, and the gap between the special tool and the workpiece surface becomes smaller and smaller. Later, paper plugging can be used to determine that the gap is within the range of 0.5mm, and then the acoustic emission sensor is used to control the tool setting, and the tool is slowly lowered at a feed speed of 0.5μm each time until it drops to the acoustic signal threshold of 40dB of the acoustic emission sensor. This point is set as the working zero point Z0 of the special tool, and the tool setting operation is repeated three times to obtain the average value Z0' of the working zero point, and then the special tool is cut near 0-20μm above and below this point to verify the accuracy of this point.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the material removal mechanism research method of ultrasonic assisted right-angle cutting is carried out according to the following specific steps:

[0042] Step 1: Set the zero point of the special tool 15 and the workpiece material surface according to the tool setting system 4 to ensure the accuracy of the processing parameters; the right-angle test is carried out under dry cutting conditions to reduce the coolant impact noise signal and prevent interference with high-speed photography.

[0043] Step 2: Prepare the sample before the right-angle cutting test. First, use wire cutting or water cutting technology to cut the ceramic matrix composite material into standard samples of a certain size. The width of the standard sample must be smaller than the cutting edge width of the special tool 15.

[0044] Specific as Figure 3 As shown, a diamond wire cutting machine is used to cut the ceramic-based composite material into standard samples, the size of the standard sample is 10-6-3mm, the front angle of the special tool is 0°, the back angle is 10°, the cutting edge radius is 10μm, the shank length of the special tool is 60mm, the blade width is 10mm, the shank material is 45 steel, the blade part is PCD, the cutting edge uses 30-grain polycrystalline diamond particles, and the binder is cobalt.

[0045] Step 3, the surface of the standard sample is ground flat. On the five-axis CNC machining center 11 Code machine tool, a φ50mm diamond grinding wheel with a grit size of 800 is used to grind the end face layer by layer with a cutting depth of 10μm in the range of 50-80μm; then a φ50mm diamond grinding wheel with a grit size of 2000 is used to grind the end face layer by layer with a cutting depth of 5μm in the range of 5-30μm. After grinding, a flatness measuring instrument and a three-dimensional optical surface profiler are used to measure the flatness of 1μm and the roughness of 2μm, so as to obtain a sample surface that can be used for right-angle cutting test.

[0046] Step 4: Use a HITACHI SU5000 scanning electron microscope to observe the surface morphology of the special tool 15 and the standard sample, especially pay attention to the cutting edge of the special tool 15.

[0047] Step 5: According to the different cutting parameters set, the feed speed is 30, 60, 90 mm / min, the cutting depth is 10, 20, 30 μm, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is 0, 2, 4, 6 μm, and the cutting speed is 30, 60, 90 mm / min, the cutting depth is 10, 20, 30 μm, and the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is 0, 2, 4, 6 μm. Figure 4 The ultrasonic vibration right-angle cutting test device shown in the figure performs cutting processing, and uses the force measuring system 2 and the shooting system 3 to record the cutting force and the cutting process.

[0048] Step 6. After the cutting test, use 80% anhydrous ethanol and an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the surface of the processed workpiece for 10 minutes, then place it in a high-temperature dryer for drying at 200°C for 4 hours, and finally use a high-pressure air gun to flush the workpiece surface with nitrogen again to ensure the cleanliness of the workpiece surface.

[0049] Step 7: Use a VHX-600E ultra-depth microscope, a Newview 7300 three-dimensional surface roughness tester, a scanning electron microscope and other equipment to observe the macro and micro morphology of the surface, analyze the material removal mechanism during the material cutting process, and combine the cutting force data in step 6 and the cutting process video to further develop the material removal mechanism under ultrasonic action.

[0050] Embodiment 2:

[0051] This specific implementation method takes ultrasonic-assisted single-grain abrasive scratching of ceramic-based composite materials as an example, and the device and method used are basically the same as those in Example 1. In this embodiment, the special tool in Example 1 is changed to a single abrasive brazed on the front end surface of the tool, and the scratching can be achieved by rotating the A axis or B axis of the five-axis CNC machining center to achieve variable cutting depth and equal cutting depth scratching, wherein the specific scratching depth of variable cutting depth can be calculated by the rotation angle, and the specific scratching parameters of fixed cutting depth are: feed speed is 30, 60, 90 mm / min, cutting depth is 10, 20, 30 μm, and ultrasonic vibration amplitude is 0, 2, 4, 6 μm; the specific scratching parameters of variable cutting depth are: A axis rotation angle is 10°, feed speed is 30, 60, 90 mm / min, cutting depth is 5, 10, 15 μm, and ultrasonic vibration amplitude is 0, 2, 4, 6 μm.

[0052] Embodiment 3:

[0053] This specific implementation method takes ultrasonic assisted drilling of ceramic matrix composite materials as an example, and the device and method used are basically the same as those in Example 1. In this embodiment, the special tool in Example 1 is changed into a drill bit, and the drilling parameters are as follows: cutting speed 20, 40, 60 m / s, feed speed 30, 60, 90 mm / min, cutting depth 10, 20, 30 μm, and ultrasonic vibration amplitude 0, 2, 4, 6 μm.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for ultrasonically assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic matrix composite materials, characterized in that: Including cutting system, force measurement system, shooting system and tool setting system, The cutting system comprises a five-axis CNC machining center, an ultrasonic vibration tool holder, a non-contact power transmission device, an ultrasonic power supply and a special tool, wherein the special tool is connected to the ultrasonic vibration tool holder; the ultrasonic vibration output by the ultrasonic vibration tool holder realizes axial vibration-assisted cutting and radial vibration-assisted cutting by adjusting the positional relationship between the special tool and the workpiece; the ultrasonic power supply transmits power to the ultrasonic vibration tool holder through the non-contact power transmission device; the ultrasonic vibration tool holder and the non-contact power transmission device are fixed on the main shaft of the five-axis CNC machining center in sequence; The force measuring system comprises a dynamometer, a charge amplifier, a data acquisition device and a computer. The dynamometer is used to collect cutting force in real time during right-angle cutting. The computer performs online monitoring of cutting force and data post-processing. The ceramic-based composite material workpiece is mounted on the dynamometer. The shooting system includes a high-speed camera, a high-power lens, a data storage device and a processor. The high-power lens is installed in front of the high-speed camera and is used to record the processing image in real time during the right-angle cutting process. The data storage device is used to record the video, and finally the processor performs analysis to analyze the changes in the morphology of the surface material and the formation process of the chips during the cutting process. The tool setting system includes an acoustic emission sensor, a probe, and the computer. The probe is installed on the workbench of the five-axis CNC machining center. The probe is connected to the acoustic emission sensor, and the acoustic emission signal is collected by the computer. The tool setting is controlled by the acoustic emission sensor.

2. The device for ultrasonically assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special tool comprises an end milling cutter and a peripheral milling cutter. The positional relationship between the special tool and the workpiece is adjusted to realize axial vibration-assisted cutting and radial vibration-assisted cutting, specifically by adjusting the cutting edge to be parallel or perpendicular to the ultrasonic vibration direction.

3. The device for ultrasonically assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special tool comprises a single abrasive grain and a drill bit brazed on the front end surface of the tool.

4. The device for ultrasonically assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probe adopts a probe in the frequency range of composite materials.

5. The device for ultrasonically assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acoustic emission sensor is cleared and calibrated before tool setting.

6. A test method using the device for ultrasonically assisted right-angle cutting of ceramic matrix composite materials according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: performing zero point setting of the special tool and the workpiece material surface according to the tool setting system; Step 2: Prepare the ceramic matrix composite material sample before conducting the right-angle cutting test; Step 3: Grind the surface of the standard sample, measure its flatness and roughness after grinding, and obtain the sample surface that can be used for right-angle cutting test after meeting the preset standards; Step 4: Observe the surface morphology of the special tool and the standard sample using a scanning electron microscope, wherein the surface morphology of the special tool includes the cutting edge of the special tool; Step 5: According to different cutting parameters set, the ultrasonic-assisted right-angle cutting test device is used to perform cutting processing, and the force measurement system and the camera system are used to record the cutting force and the cutting process; Step 6: After the cutting test, the surface of the processed workpiece is cleaned, then dried, and finally the surface of the workpiece is flushed to ensure the cleanliness of the workpiece surface; Step 7: Observe the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the workpiece surface after treatment, analyze the material removal mechanism during the material cutting process, and study the material removal mechanism under ultrasonic action by combining the cutting force data in step 5 and the video recording of the cutting process.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The step 1 specifically includes the following steps: the five-axis CNC machining center controls the special tool to gradually descend, and after the interval between the special tool and the workpiece surface is within the range of 0.5 mm, the acoustic emission sensor is used to control the tool setting, and the tool is slowly lowered at a feed rate of 0.5 μm each time. After the tool drops to the acoustic signal threshold of the acoustic emission sensor, this point is set as the working zero point Z0 of the special tool, and the tool setting operation is repeated multiple times to obtain the average value Z0 of the working zero point. ’ Then the special tool is used to cut around 0-20 μm above and below the point to verify the accuracy of the point.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The step three specifically includes the following steps: using a diamond grinding wheel with a grit size of 500-1000 mesh in the five-axis CNC machining center to grind the end surface layer by layer with a cutting depth of 10 μm in the range of 50-100 μm; then using a diamond grinding wheel with a grit size of 1000-3000 mesh to grind the end surface layer by layer with a cutting depth of 5 μm in the range of 5-30 μm.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step six, after the cutting test, the surface of the processed workpiece is cleaned using anhydrous ethanol and an ultrasonic cleaner, and then placed in a high-temperature dryer for drying. Finally, a high-pressure air gun is used to flush the surface of the workpiece again to ensure the cleanliness of the workpiece surface.

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