The invention discloses an astronomical positioning measurement
system and method based on a composite
theodolite. The measurement
system comprises a
theodolite body, a main control board group, a
telescope system, a driving device, a Beidou system and a north-seeking system, the
telescope system is used for measuring satellites, the
telescope system is electrically connected with the main control board group, and the telescope system can rotate to adjust an
azimuth angle and a
pitch angle; the driving device drives the telescope system to rotate to adjust the
azimuth angle and the
pitch angle; the Beidou system is used for providing time and position coordinate
information data of a current
test point and realizing time service and
time synchronization, and the Beidou system is electrically connected with the main control board group; and the north-seeking system is used for seeking the due north direction of the current
test point and is electrically connected with the main control board group. The measuring system can realize all-day observation of a fixed star on the ground, can measure and
record angle coordinate information calculation of the fixed star at different moments, realizes positioning measurement in an
inertial coordinate system, can automatically control the measuring process, and can realize automatic measurement.