A positioning device and method for spinning processing of thin-walled workpieces with large aspect ratio

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of spinning processing technology, and in particular to a spinning processing positioning device and processing method for a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio, which aims to solve the problem of difficulty in installation and positioning when processing a blank with a large aspect ratio. It includes: a spindle and a spinning mechanism are arranged on the spinning equipment, the spindle and the spinning mechanism are arranged facing each other, a core mold is fixedly connected to the end face of the spindle, and the spinning mechanism is slidably connected to the spinning equipment; a clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism is arranged on the end face of the spindle close to the core; an adjusting mechanism is arranged on one side of the far axis; the clamping mechanism is used to clamp and fix the core mold and the blank, the diameter of the clamping mechanism is adjustable, and the adjusting mechanism is used to support and adjust the height of the core mold. When spinning, the blank is sleeved on the core mold, the clamping mechanism is used to fix the core mold and the blank for pre-positioning, and the adjusting mechanism is used to adjust the height of the other end of the core mold so that it is concentric with the clamping mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of spinning, and in particular to a spinning positioning device and a processing method for a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio. Background Art

[0002] High-power spinning is recognized as one of the most effective processing methods for manufacturing thin-walled shell parts. The precision of spun parts is not inferior to that of cutting processing, and the material utilization rate and mechanical properties are better than those of machining. Therefore, spinning forming technology is increasingly used in industries such as aviation, aerospace, and weapons industry.

[0003] A large aspect ratio refers to a workpiece with a relatively long length relative to its diameter, such as a slender shaft, a long tube, etc. This type of workpiece is usually more prone to bending and deformation during processing, and requires special clamping and support measures. When spinning, workpieces with a large aspect ratio are relatively long and have poor rigidity, and are easily deformed and displaced by external forces. If the fixture used to fix the workpiece is not stable enough or the clamping force is insufficient, the workpiece may move axially during the spinning process. After one end of the core mold used to process the workpiece is fixed, the other end will tilt downward due to its long length, resulting in runout errors, making subsequent positioning more difficult. Faced with the current processing of ultra-high-strength steel thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio, choosing a processing technology with high processing quality, low production cost, and high efficiency has become a major problem in the processing of ultra-high-strength steel ultra-thin-walled shells. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that when a workpiece with a large aspect ratio is subjected to spinning processing, the workpiece is difficult to clamp and centering errors are prone to occur, resulting in low processing efficiency. The purpose is to provide a spinning processing positioning device and processing method for thin-walled workpieces with a large aspect ratio, which can clamp and fix the workpiece with a large aspect ratio and can position the workpiece at the same time.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a positioning device for spinning a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio, comprising:

[0007] A spinning device, wherein a main shaft and a spinning mechanism are arranged on the spinning device, the main shaft and the spinning mechanism are arranged facing each other, a core mold is fixedly connected to the end surface of the main shaft, and the spinning mechanism is slidably connected to the spinning device;

[0008] A clamping mechanism, wherein the clamping mechanism is arranged on an end surface of the main shaft close to the core mold;

[0009] An adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism is arranged on a side away from the main shaft;

[0010] Wherein, the clamping mechanism is used to clamp and fix the core mold and the blank, the diameter of the clamping mechanism is adjustable, and the adjusting mechanism is used to support and adjust the height of the core mold.

[0011] In the above technical scheme, when performing the spinning process, the cylindrical blank to be processed is taken, and the length, diameter and other parameters of the blank are measured. After completion, the blank is sleeved on the core mold. A clamping mechanism has been pre-installed on the main shaft of the spinning equipment. The clamping mechanism is used to fix the blank and the core mold. The clamping mechanism can increase the stability of the blank when the spinning equipment is processing the blank. The adjustment mechanism can adjust the end of the core mold away from the clamping mechanism after one end of the core mold is fixed, so that the core mold remains level.

[0012] In some optional technical solutions, the spinning mechanism includes a plurality of spinning wheels and a spinning wheel frame, the spinning wheel frame is used to clamp a limiting spinning wheel, the spinning wheel is used to interfere with the outer peripheral wall of the blank, the plurality of spinning wheels are arranged in a surrounding array along the core mold, the surrounding centers of the plurality of core molds are coaxially arranged with the central axis of the core mold, the cross-sectional shape of the spinning wheel is arc-shaped, the cross-sectional shape of the spinning wheel is V-shaped, and the number of the spinning wheels is one, two or three.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the spinning wheel frame is used to fix the limited spinning wheel and adjust the spinning wheel along the spinning equipment. The spinning wheel with an arc-shaped cross-section can better contact and extrude the blank with the same arc-shaped surface. The V-shaped spinning wheel has a small rolling area and is more stable in force. The more spinning wheels there are, the more stable the blank will be during processing.

[0014] In some optional technical solutions, the clamping mechanism includes a plurality of chucks, a clamping plate, a connecting rod, a first transmission member and a second transmission member, the chuck is used for coaxial clamping and fixing on the main shaft, the plurality of clamping plates are distributed in a circular array around the main shaft, the clamping plate is arc-shaped, the connecting rod is connected to the inner concave surface of the clamping plate, a plurality of slide grooves are provided on the end surface of the chuck close to the core mold, the connecting rod is slidably connected in the slide grooves, the first transmission member and the second transmission member are both located on the side of the chuck close to the core mold, the first transmission member and the middle part of the chuck are provided with through holes for the core mold to pass through, and the first transmission member is provided with a plurality of slide grooves. A plurality of arc-shaped slots are also provided, and the plurality of arc-shaped slots are provided around the through hole. A positioning shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod away from the clamping plate, and the positioning shaft is slidably connected in the arc-shaped slot. The first transmission member and the second transmission member are transmission-connected. The first transmission member rotates to cause the positioning shaft to slide along the arc-shaped slot, thereby driving the connecting rod to slide along the slide slot, so that the inner diameter of the clamping plate relative to the center of the chuck becomes larger or smaller. The spinning equipment also includes a supporting mechanism, which is arranged opposite to the main shaft. A top shaft for supporting the tail of the blank is arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the top shaft is connected to the blank through a tail top plate.

[0015] In the above technical scheme, the chuck is fixed and rotated synchronously with the main shaft, driving the second transmission member to drive the first transmission member to rotate, and the arc-shaped slot follows the rotation. When the arc-shaped slot rotates and moves, the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped slot pushes the positioning shaft, and the positioning shaft is fixedly connected to the connecting rod, driving the connecting rod to slide outward along the slide groove, and finally the clamping plate moves toward the outside, so that the distance between the clamping plate and the core mold is increased, and then the blank can be moved to the clamping plate, and the second transmission member is rotated in the opposite direction to drive the first transmission member to rotate, so that the clamping plate is retracted and the blank is fixed.

[0016] In some optional technical solutions, the first transmission member and the second transmission member are two gears that are connected to each other in transmission, the chuck is provided with a driving member, the driving member is connected in transmission to the second transmission member, a fixed block is provided on one side of the second transmission member, a check pawl is provided on the fixed block, and the check pawl is located between two adjacent gear teeth of the second transmission member.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the driving member is used to drive the second transmission member to drive the second transmission member to rotate, thereby realizing the clamping of the clamping mechanism, and the anti-return claw can be used to prevent the second transmission member from reversing.

[0018] In some optional technical schemes, the adjustment mechanism includes a support platform, a support frame is provided on the bottom surface of the support platform, a accommodating groove is opened downward on the top surface of the support platform, the support platform is penetrated by through grooves on both sides along the length direction of the support platform, and wing plates are provided on both sides of the through grooves along the width direction of the support platform, the wing plate and the support platform are integrally formed, a guide groove is opened on the wing plate, a roller shaft is slidably connected between two adjacent guide grooves, a guide rail is rotatably connected to the middle part of the roller shaft, a load-bearing plate is slidably connected in the accommodating groove, and the ends of the load-bearing plate respectively contact with the ends of adjacent roller shafts, a limiting plate is provided at the bottom of the support platform, the length of the limiting plate is greater than the length of the through groove, a transition plate connected to the end of the roller shaft is provided on the top surface of the limiting plate, a bracket is also provided on the bottom surface of the support platform, and a hydraulic drive component is provided at the bottom of the limiting plate.

[0019] In the above technical scheme, one end of the core mold falls and presses down on the load-bearing plate. The load-bearing plate is pressed downward by force, driving the roller and the limit plate to move downward. The downward movement of the limit plate, i.e., the runout error of the core mold, can be driven up by the hydraulic drive component to drive the limit plate to rise, thereby driving the fallen end of the core mold to rise, so that the core mold remains level.

[0020] In some optional technical solutions, the two guide rails are respectively a straight rail and an inclined rail. The straight rail is perpendicular to the support platform when working, and the angle between the inclined rail and the width direction of the support platform when working is 45°. The surfaces of the straight rail and the inclined rail facing each other are provided with track grooves. A fixed plate is provided at one end of the core mold close to the support platform, and the thickness of the fixed plate is smaller than the groove width of the track groove. Elastic pads are provided on the inner surfaces of the two track grooves.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the guide rail is used to limit the fixed disk, the linear rail is used to make the fixed disk rise upward along its track groove, and the inclined rail is used to prevent the radial direction of the fixed disk from being tilted by the upward thrust. The linear rail and the inclined rail are limited synchronously to prevent the fixed disk from tilting during the movement.

[0022] In some optional technical solutions, an annular groove is further provided on the outer peripheral wall of the chuck, and a support platform is further provided on the base of the spinning equipment. A positioning column is arranged on the support platform, and the top of the positioning column is a curved surface that contacts the annular groove. The positioning column is used to support the clamping mechanism. The positioning column is also vertically connected to a centering rod. A centering hole is penetrated through the roller shaft along the length direction toward the support platform, and the centering rod is used to connect with the centering hole.

[0023] In the above technical solution, after the clamping mechanism is installed, the positioning column is inserted into the annular groove of the chuck. At this time, the position of the support platform can be adjusted to make the centering hole of the roller shaft coaxial with the centering rod, and the centering rod is passed through the centering hole to achieve pre-coaxial positioning of the core mold.

[0024] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for spinning a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio, and the spinning process is performed based on a spinning positioning device for a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio as described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1, select the blank and the core mold, and put the blank on the core mold in sequence;

[0026] S2, adjust the clamping mechanism to clamp and fix the core mold and the blank;

[0027] S3. Adjust the adjustment mechanism to keep the core mold level;

[0028] S4, adjusting the spinning mechanism, adjusting the feed amount of the spinning wheel, and performing spinning processing on the blank;

[0029] S5, taking out the formed blank and performing surface heat treatment;

[0030] S6. Complete the spinning process of the blank.

[0031] In some optional technical solutions, S2 includes:

[0032] S21, control the driving member to drive the second transmission member to rotate, and at the same time, the first transmission member rotates along with the second transmission member, the positioning shaft moves along the arc-shaped slot and pushes the connecting rod to slide along the slide slot, and the plurality of clamping plates move outward, and the distance between the clamping plates and the core mold increases;

[0033] S22, moving the blank sleeved on the core mold toward the clamping mechanism;

[0034] S23, control the driving member to reverse and make the second transmission member reverse accordingly, so that the clamping plate is retracted and the blank is fixed circumferentially, the rotating check claw is clamped between adjacent gear teeth of the second transmission member, and finally the clamping mechanism and the main shaft are fixed mechanically.

[0035] In some optional technical solutions, S4 includes:

[0036] S41, using a rotating wheel frame to fix one end of the core mold away from the clamping mechanism and apply a pre-tightening force;

[0037] S42, adjusting the circumferential runout of the core mold, making the horizontal and vertical linear runout of the core mold less than 0.05mm, and adjusting the spin wheel runout less than 0.02mm. After the adjustment is completed, the core mold is driven to rotate by the main shaft, and the core mold speed is n;

[0038] S43, performing spinning processing along the tail end of the blank toward the clamping mechanism through a spinning wheel, including the following steps;

[0039] S431, the first spinning process, first radial feed, set the pressing amount of the spinning wheel to X1, after reaching the set pressing amount of the spinning blank, feed along the axial direction toward the spindle end, the feed rate is F1, the feed length is L1, after the axial feed is completed, radially retract to the starting height, and then axially retract to the starting position;

[0040] S432, after executing step S431, the second spinning process is performed, and the pressing amount of the spinning wheel is set to X2 in the second cycle, X2 is less than X1, and then the spindle end is fed in the axial direction, the feed rate is F2, the feed length is L2, L2 is greater than L1, and after the axial feeding is completed, the spindle is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position;

[0041] S433, after executing step S432, the third spinning process is performed. In the third cycle, the pressing amount of the spinning wheel is set to: X3, X3 is less than X2, and then the spindle end is fed in the axial direction, the feed rate is F3, the feed length is L3, L3 is greater than L2, and after the axial feeding is completed, the spindle is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position;

[0042] S44, complete the spinning process to obtain the desired finished product.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. The clamping mechanism of the present invention can expand or retract the clamping plate through the first transmission member, can clamp core molds or blanks of different diameters, and can stably fix the core mold. The support mechanism can minimize the axial movement of the blank with a large aspect ratio during spinning, and can complete the clamping and positioning of core molds or blanks of different diameters;

[0045] 2. The support platform in the present invention is used to support one end of the core mold fixing plate. After the core mold is installed at one end close to the clamping mechanism, one end of the core mold fixing plate falls and presses down on the load-bearing plate. The load-bearing plate is pressed downward by force to drive the roller shaft and the limit plate to move downward. The downward movement of the limit plate is the error of the core mold. The hydraulic drive component is started to control the limit plate to rise, and the two guide rails synchronously limit the fixed plates so that the core mold remains horizontal after rising to complete the positioning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the spinning process of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0048] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the spinning process of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0049] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the spinning process of the present invention without using a positioning column Figure 3 ;

[0050] Figure 4 An exploded view of the connection relationship between the clamping mechanism, the core mold and the blank in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure for adjusting the core mold height in Example 2 of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0054] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure for adjusting the core mold height in Example 2 of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0055] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism in the present invention;

[0056] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the regulating mechanism of the present invention;

[0057] Fig.11 It is an exploded view of the adjustment mechanism in the present invention.

[0058] The reference numerals represent:

[0059] 11. Spindle; 12. Core mold; 121. Fixed plate; 13. Top shaft; 14. Rotating wheel frame; 21. Chuck; 22. First transmission member; 23. Second transmission member; 24. Arc-shaped slot; 25. Connecting rod; 26. Clamping plate; 27. Positioning shaft; 3. Support platform; 31. Wing plate; 32. Roller; 33. Limiting plate; 341. Linear rail; 342. Inclined rail; 35. Load-bearing plate; 4. Blank; 5. Spinning wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings. The schematic implementation modes and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is already in the actual development and use stage.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] like Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a positioning device for spinning processing of thin-walled workpieces with a large aspect ratio, comprising:

[0063] A spinning device, wherein a main shaft 11 and a spinning mechanism are arranged on the spinning device, the main shaft 11 and the spinning mechanism are arranged facing each other, a core mold 12 is fixedly connected to the end surface of the main shaft 11, and the spinning mechanism is slidably connected to the spinning device;

[0064] A clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism is arranged on the end surface of the main shaft 11 close to the core mold 12;

[0065] An adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism is arranged on a side away from the main shaft 11;

[0066] The clamping mechanism is used to clamp and fix the core mold 12 and the blank 4 , the diameter of the clamping mechanism is adjustable, and the adjusting mechanism is used to support and adjust the height of the core mold 12 .

[0067] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the spinning mechanism includes a plurality of spinning wheels 5 and a spinning wheel frame 14. The spinning wheel frame 14 is used to clamp the limited spinning wheel 5. The spinning wheel 5 is used to contact the outer peripheral wall of the blank 4. The plurality of spinning wheels 5 are arranged in a surrounding array along the core mold 12. The surrounding centers of the plurality of core molds 12 are coaxially arranged with the central axis of the core mold 12. The cross-sectional shape of the spinning wheel 5 is arc-shaped, the cross-sectional shape of the spinning wheel 5 is V-shaped, and the number of the spinning wheels 5 is one, two or three.

[0068] like Figures 4 to 6As shown, the clamping mechanism includes a plurality of chucks 21, a clamping plate 26, a connecting rod 25, a first transmission member 22 and a second transmission member 23. The chuck 21 is used for coaxial clamping and fixing on the main shaft 11. The plurality of clamping plates 26 are distributed in a circular array around the main shaft 11. The clamping plates 26 are arc-shaped. The connecting rod 25 is connected to the inner concave surface of the clamping plate 26. A plurality of slide grooves are provided on the end surface of the chuck 21 on the side close to the core mold 12. The connecting rod 25 is slidably connected in the slide grooves. The first transmission member 22 and the second transmission member 23 are both located on the side of the chuck 21 close to the core mold 12. A through hole for the core mold 12 to pass through is provided in the middle of the first transmission member 22 and the chuck 21. The first transmission member 22 is also provided with a through hole for the core mold 12 to pass through. A plurality of arc-shaped slots 24 are provided, and a plurality of arc-shaped slots 24 are provided around the through hole. A positioning shaft 27 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod 25 away from the clamping plate 26. The positioning shaft 27 is slidably connected in the arc-shaped slot 24. The first transmission member 22 and the second transmission member 23 are transmission-connected. The first transmission member 22 rotates to cause the positioning shaft 27 to slide along the arc-shaped slot 24, driving the connecting rod 25 to slide along the slide groove, so that the inner diameter between the clamping plate 26 and the center of the chuck 21 becomes larger or smaller. The spinning equipment also includes a supporting mechanism, which is arranged opposite to the main shaft 11. A top shaft 13 for supporting the tail of the blank 4 is arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the top shaft 13 is connected to the blank 4 through the tail top plate.

[0069] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first transmission member 22 and the second transmission member 23 are two gears connected to each other, a driving member is provided on the chuck 21, and the driving member is connected to the second transmission member 23, a fixed block is provided on one side of the second transmission member 23, a check claw is provided on the fixed block, and the check claw is located between two adjacent gear teeth of the second transmission member 23.

[0070] Specifically, before the spinning process, a cylindrical blank 4 to be processed is selected, and the length, diameter and other parameters of the blank 4 are measured. After completion, the blank 4 is placed on the core mold 12. A clamping mechanism has been pre-installed on the main shaft 11 of the spinning equipment, and the clamping mechanism is used to fix the blank 4 and the core mold 12.

[0071] Regarding the clamping process: the end of the clamping mechanism facing the main shaft 11 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 11, and the fixing method can be bolt fixing, clamping fixing, etc. After the blank 4 is set, the driving member is started, and the driving member drives the second transmission member 23 to rotate. The second transmission member 23 drives the first transmission member 22 to rotate under the action of the driving member. When the first transmission member 22 rotates, the arc groove 24 rotates synchronously. The arc surface of the arc groove 24 changes its position during the rotation process, but the positioning shaft 27 slidably connected to the arc groove 24 is connected at the same time. The connecting rod 25 is limited in the slide groove. Therefore, when the arc-shaped slot 24 rotates and moves, the arc surface of the arc-shaped slot 24 pushes the positioning shaft 27. The positioning shaft 27 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 25, driving the connecting rod 25 to slide outward along the slide groove, and finally the clamping plate 26 moves toward the outside, so that the distance between the clamping plate 26 and the core mold 12 is increased. At this time, the blank 4 can be moved synchronously toward the direction of the clamping plate 26, and finally the driving part is controlled to reverse, so that the clamping plate 26 is retracted and fixed on the blank 4, so as to achieve circumferential fixation of the blank 4.

[0072] It should be noted that the driving member mentioned above can be the motor in the chuck 21 or the power supply of the spinning equipment. The chuck 21 is also provided with a fixed shaft for fixing and limiting the second transmission member 23. The first transmission member 22 can be rotatably connected to the end face of the chuck 21 through a rotating shaft. The chuck 21 is also provided with a fixed block, which is connected to the non-return claw through an elastic sheet 323. When the clamping plate 26 is expanded, the non-return claw moves along the second transmission member 23 and away from the ratchet mechanism. When the clamping plate 26 needs to be retracted, the non-return claw is pushed away. After the clamping is completed, the non-return claw can be released to limit the second transmission member 23 to prevent rotation.

[0073] Screw holes are provided on the side walls of the clamping plate 26 and the chuck 21. After the blank 4 is clamped, bolts can be inserted through the screw holes to fix the clamping plate 26 and the chuck 21. Preferably, after the clamping plate 26 is expanded a certain distance, there is a certain distance between it and the chuck 21. A pad can be added between the clamping plate 26 and the chuck 21 for transition, so that the bolts can connect the support plate and the chuck 21.

[0074] After the clamping mechanism completes clamping, the spinning mechanism is moved to one side of the main shaft 11. The spinning equipment includes a base, on which a screw is arranged, and a rotating wheel frame 14 is slidably connected to the base through a screw. The base is moved to the tail end of the blank 4. A supporting mechanism is also provided on the spinning equipment, and the supporting mechanism is also slidably connected to the base through a screw. A top shaft 13 is provided on the supporting mechanism, and a tail top plate that can be sleeved on the tail end of the blank 4 is provided on the top shaft 13. The top shaft 13 is used to apply a pre-tightening force to the blank 4. After the blank 4 is clamped and installed, a tail top plate is sleeved on the tail of the blank 4, and the top shaft 13 is controlled to support the tail top plate and apply a pre-tightening force.

[0075] Regarding the spinning process: When the spinning process is performed, the movement of the spinning wheel frame 14 can be controlled by rotating the screw rod, so that the spinning wheel 5 can feed along the blank 4. After repeated multiple cycles of feeding, the blank 4 is completed.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] like Figures 7 to 11 As shown, the adjustment mechanism includes a support platform 3, a support frame is provided on the bottom surface of the support platform 3, a receiving groove is provided downward on the top surface of the support platform 3, a through groove is penetrated on both sides of the support platform 3 along the length direction, and wing plates 31 are provided on both sides of the through groove along the width direction of the support platform 3, the wing plate 31 and the support platform 3 are integrally formed, a guide groove is provided on the wing plate 31, a roller shaft 32 is slidably connected between two adjacent guide grooves, a guide rail is rotatably connected to the middle part of the roller shaft 32, a load-bearing plate 35 is slidably connected in the receiving groove, and the ends of the load-bearing plate 35 respectively contact the ends of adjacent roller shafts 32, a limit plate 33 is provided at the bottom of the support platform 3, the length of the limit plate 33 is greater than the length of the through groove, a transition plate connected to the end of the roller shaft 32 is provided on the top surface of the limit plate 33, a bracket is also provided on the bottom surface of the support platform 3, and a hydraulic drive component is provided at the bottom of the limit plate 33.

[0078] like Figures 7 to 11 As shown, the two guide rails are a straight rail 341 and an inclined rail 342. The straight rail 341 is perpendicular to the support platform 3 when working, and the angle between the inclined rail 342 and the width direction of the support platform 3 is 45° when working. The surfaces of the straight rail 341 and the inclined rail 342 facing each other are provided with track grooves, and a fixed plate 121 is provided at one end of the core mold 12 close to the support platform 3. The thickness of the fixed plate 121 is less than the groove width of the track groove, and the inner surfaces of the two track grooves are provided with elastic pads.

[0079] like Figure 8 As shown, an annular groove is also provided on the outer peripheral wall of the chuck 21, and a support platform is also provided on the base of the spinning equipment. A positioning column is arranged on the support platform. The top of the positioning column is a curved surface that contacts the annular groove. The positioning column is used to support the clamping mechanism. The positioning column is also vertically connected to a centering rod. The roller shaft 32 is penetrated by a centering hole along the length direction toward the support platform 3, and the centering rod is used to connect with the centering hole.

[0080] Specifically, after one end of the core mold 12 is fixed close to the clamping mechanism, because the core mold 12 is a shaft-like workpiece with a large aspect ratio and is too long, the other end of the core mold 12 will fall, making it impossible for the axis of the core mold 12 to remain horizontal. At this time, before installing the clamping mechanism, the support platform 3 can be placed on one side of the fixed disk 121 of the core mold 12, and the linear rail 341 and the inclined rail 342 can be rotated to one side of the support platform 3 respectively. After the clamping mechanism is installed, the positioning column is inserted into the annular groove of the chuck 21. At this time, the position of the support platform 3 can be adjusted to make the centering hole of the roller shaft 32 coaxial with the centering rod, and the centering rod is passed through the centering hole to achieve pre-coaxial positioning of the core mold 12. It should be noted that the centers of several centering rods should be located on the same circumference, and the center of the circumference should be coaxial with the center of the chuck. This setting can maximize the bearing capacity of the centering rod, and reduce most of the errors during subsequent leveling to keep the centering rod horizontal.

[0081] After that, after the core mold 12 is installed close to one end of the clamping mechanism, one end of the fixed plate 121 of the core mold 12 falls and presses down the load-bearing plate 35. The load-bearing plate 35 is pressed downward by the force, driving the roller 32 and the limit plate 33 to move downward. The downward movement of the limit plate 33 is the runout error of the core mold 12. Preferably, a position detector can be set at the bottom of the support platform 3 to measure the deviation of the core mold 12 in real time. Under normal circumstances, the runout error of the core mold 12 is within 0.05 mm. Preferably, a plurality of elastic sleeves can be set in the accommodating groove of the support platform 3 or on the surface of the roller 32 to achieve buffering of the load-bearing plate 35.

[0082] Finally, the linear rail 341 and the inclined rail 342 are reset, and the track grooves of the two guide rails are inserted into the two sides of the fixed plate 121, and then the hydraulic drive at the bottom of the supporting platform 3 is started to control the two limit plates 33 to rise. After the limit plates 33 rise, the roller shaft 32, the load-bearing plate 35, the guide rails and the fixed plate 121 rise synchronously. The guide rails are used to limit the fixed plate 121, and the linear rail 341 is used to make the fixed plate 121 rise upward along its track groove, and the inclined rail 342 is used to prevent the radial direction of the fixed plate 121 from being tilted by the rising thrust. The linear rail 341 and the inclined rail 342 are limited synchronously. Positioning has been achieved through the centering hole and the centering rod. Therefore, when the limit plate 33 rises to fit with the support platform 3, it means that the core mold 12 is installed, avoiding jumping errors caused by continued rising. In addition, after the fixed disk 121 tilts downward, the end face of the fixed disk 121 is not parallel to the support platform 3, and the angle between the inclined rail 342 and the width direction of the support platform 3 is 45°. The track groove of the inclined rail 342 can provide a similar inclined space for the fixed disk 121, which is convenient for rising and resetting. The elastic pads in the two track grooves can change the diameter of the track groove according to the current rising position of the fixed disk 121 to avoid jamming during rising.

[0083] After the adjustment is completed, the support mechanism is controlled to move to the fixed disk 121, and the top shaft 13 is inserted into the rotating hole of the fixed disk 121 to realize the positioning of the core mold 12. Finally, since the centering rod is respectively located at the bottom of the clamping mechanism and the adjustment mechanism, the support platform 3 does not need to be disassembled. The positioning column at the bottom of the chuck 21 can be used to support the fixed chuck 21. During the subsequent spinning process, the centering rod can provide a certain supporting force to reduce the vibration of the core mold 12 during the spinning process. It should be noted that the spinning equipment is provided with a cooling pipe for spraying coolant, and the nozzle of the cooling pipe faces the annular groove of the chuck 21 to reduce the heat generated by the friction between the chuck 21 and the positioning column.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] A method for spinning a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio, based on a spinning positioning device for a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio according to embodiments 1 to 2, comprises the following steps:

[0086] S1, select the blank 4 and the core mold 12, and put the blank 4 on the core mold 12 in sequence;

[0087] S2, adjusting the clamping mechanism to clamp and fix the core mold 12 and the blank 4;

[0088] S3, adjust the regulating mechanism to keep the core mold 12 level;

[0089] S4, adjusting the spinning mechanism, adjusting the feed amount of the spinning wheel 5, and performing spinning processing on the blank 4;

[0090] S5, taking out the formed blank 4 and performing surface heat treatment;

[0091] S6, completing the spinning process of the blank 4.

[0092] S2 includes:

[0093] S21, control the driving member to drive the second transmission member 23 to rotate, and at the same time, the first transmission member 22 rotates along with the second transmission member 23, the positioning shaft 27 moves along the arc-shaped slot 24 and pushes the connecting rod 25 to slide along the slide slot, and the plurality of clamping plates 26 move outward, and the distance between the clamping plates 26 and the core mold 12 increases;

[0094] S22, moving the blank 4 sleeved on the core mold 12 toward the clamping mechanism;

[0095] S23, control the driving member to reverse and make the second transmission member 23 reverse accordingly, so that the clamping plate 26 is retracted and the blank 4 is fixed circumferentially, and the rotating non-return claw is clamped between the adjacent gear teeth of the second transmission member 23, and finally the clamping mechanism and the main shaft 11 are fixed mechanically.

[0096] S4 includes:

[0097] S41, using the rotating wheel frame 14 to fix the end of the core mold 12 away from the clamping mechanism and apply a pre-tightening force;

[0098] S42, adjust the circumferential runout of the core mold 12, so that the linear runout of the core mold 12 in the horizontal and vertical directions is less than 0.05mm, and adjust the runout of the spinning wheel 5 to be less than 0.02mm. After the adjustment is completed, the core mold 12 is driven to rotate by the main shaft 11, and the speed of the core mold 12 is n;

[0099] S43, spinning the blank 4 along the tail end toward the clamping mechanism through the spinning wheel 5, including the following steps;

[0100] S431, the first spinning process, first radial feeding, set the pressing amount of the spinning wheel 5 to X1, after reaching the set pressing amount of the spinning blank 4, feed toward the end of the spindle 11 along the axial direction, the feed rate is F1, the feed length is L1, after the axial feeding is completed, radially retract to the starting height, and then axially retract to the starting position;

[0101] S432, after executing step S431, the second spinning process is performed. In the second cycle, the pressing amount of the spinning wheel 5 is set to: X2, X2 is less than X1, and then the spinning wheel 5 is fed toward the end of the spindle 11 in the axial direction, the feed rate is F2, the feed length is L2, L2 is greater than L1, and after the axial feeding is completed, the spinning wheel 5 is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position;

[0102] S433, after executing step S432, the third spinning process is performed. In the third cycle, the pressing amount of the spinning wheel 5 is set to: X3, X3 is less than X2, and then the spinning wheel 5 is fed toward the end of the spindle 11 in the axial direction, the feed rate is F3, the feed length is L3, L3 is greater than L2, and after the axial feeding is completed, the spinning wheel 5 is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position;

[0103] S44, complete the spinning process to obtain the desired finished product.

[0104] Specifically, in this embodiment, a 30Si2MnCrMoVE ultra-high-strength steel spinning blank 4 with a wall thickness of 8.5 mm is selected. The parameters of the blank 4 are T=2.2mm~2.25mm, D=320mm, and L=3300mm. Three spinning wheels 5 are evenly distributed for processing. The front angle of the spinning wheel 5 is 22°, the fillet radius of the spinning wheel 5 is 4mm, the calendering angle of the spinning wheel 5 is 3°, the back angle of the spinning wheel 5 is 30°, and the speed n of the core mold 12 is set to 100r / min. Then S43 is used for processing, wherein the specific parameter values ​​of the parameters n, X1, X2, X3, F1, F2, F3, L1, L2, and L3 are changed accordingly:

[0105] S431, the first spinning process, first radial feed, set the pressing amount of the spinning wheel 5 to 4.6mm, after reaching the set pressing amount of the spinning blank 4, feed in the axial direction toward the end of the spindle 11, the feed rate is 1.6mm / r, the feed length is 1500mm, after the axial feeding is completed, radially retract to the starting height, and then axially retract to the starting position;

[0106] S432, after executing step S431, the second spinning process is performed. In the second cycle, the pressing amount of the spinning wheel 5 is set to 2.9 mm, and then the spinning wheel 5 is fed toward the end of the spindle 11 in the axial direction, the feed rate is 1.7 mm / r, and the feed length is 2300 mm. After the axial feeding is completed, the spinning wheel 5 is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position;

[0107] S433, after executing step S432, the third spinning process is performed. In the third cycle, the pressing amount of the spinning wheel 5 is set to 1.85 mm, and then the spinning wheel 5 is fed toward the end of the spindle 11 in the axial direction, the feed rate is 1.8 mm / r, and the feed length is 3300 mm. After the axial feeding is completed, the spinning wheel 5 is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position;

[0108] After the spinning process is completed, the dimensions of the formed blank 4 are: T=2.2mm~2.25mm, D=320mm, L=3300mm.

[0109] Example 5

[0110] The processing method is the same as that of Example 4, but the size of the blank 4 is different. In this embodiment, a 30Si2MnCrMoVE ultra-high strength steel spinning blank 4 with a wall thickness of 7 mm is selected, and the parameters are T=1.8mm~1.85mm, D=230mm, L=2500mm, the parameters of the spinning wheel 5 remain unchanged, the speed n of the core mold 12 is adjusted to 140r / min, and the following processing steps are performed according to the size of the blank 4, wherein the specific parameter values ​​of the parameters n, X1, X2, X3, F1, F2, F3, L1, L2, and L3 are changed accordingly:

[0111] S431, the first spinning process, first radial feed, set the pressing amount of the spinning wheel 5 to 4.1mm, after reaching the set pressing amount of the spinning blank 4, feed in the axial direction toward the end of the spindle 11, the feed rate is 1.6mm / r, the feed length is 1100mm, after the axial feeding is completed, radially retract to the starting height, and then axially retract to the starting position;

[0112] S432, after executing step S431, the second spinning process is performed. In the second cycle, the pressing amount of the spinning wheel 5 is set to 2.5 mm, and then the spinning wheel 5 is fed toward the end of the spindle 11 in the axial direction, the feed rate is 1.5 mm / r, and the feed length is 1700 mm. After the axial feeding is completed, the spinning wheel 5 is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position;

[0113] S433, after executing step S432, the third spinning process is performed. In the third cycle, the pressing amount of the spinning wheel 5 is set to 1.6 mm, and then the spinning wheel 5 is fed toward the end of the spindle 11 in the axial direction, the feed rate is 1.4 mm / r, and the feed length is 2500 mm. After the axial feeding is completed, the spinning wheel 5 is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position;

[0114] After the spinning process is completed, the dimensions of the formed blank 4 are: T=1.8mm~1.85mm, D=230mm, L=2500mm.

[0115] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A positioning device for spinning processing of thin-walled workpieces with a large aspect ratio, characterized in that: include: A spinning device, wherein a main shaft (11) and a spinning mechanism are arranged on the spinning device, the main shaft (11) and the spinning mechanism are arranged facing each other, a core mold (12) is fixedly connected to the end surface of the main shaft (11), and the spinning mechanism is slidably connected to the spinning device; A clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism being arranged on an end surface of the main shaft (11) close to the core mold (12); An adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism being arranged on a side away from the main shaft (11); The clamping mechanism is used to clamp and fix the core mold (12) and the blank (4), the diameter of the clamping mechanism is adjustable, and the adjusting mechanism is used to support and adjust the height of the core mold (12); The clamping mechanism comprises a plurality of chucks (21), a clamping plate (26), a connecting rod (25), a first transmission member (22) and a second transmission member (23); the chuck (21) is used for coaxial clamping and fixing on the main shaft (11); the plurality of clamping plates (26) are distributed in a ring array around the main shaft (11); the clamping plates (26) are arc-shaped; the connecting rod (25) is connected to the inner concave surface of the clamping plate (26); a plurality of slide grooves are provided on the end surface of the chuck (21) on the side close to the core mold (12); the connecting rod (25) is slidably connected in the slide grooves; the first transmission member (22) and the second transmission member (23) are both located on the side of the chuck (21) close to the core mold (12); a through hole for the core mold (12) to pass through is provided in the middle of the first transmission member (22) and the chuck (21); the first transmission member (22) A plurality of arc-shaped grooves (24) are also provided on the spindle, and the plurality of arc-shaped grooves (24) are provided around the through hole. The end of the connecting rod (25) away from the clamping plate (26) is fixedly connected with a positioning shaft (27), and the positioning shaft (27) is slidably connected in the arc-shaped groove (24). The first transmission member (22) and the second transmission member (23) are transmission-connected. The first transmission member (22) rotates to make the positioning shaft (27) slide along the arc-shaped groove (24), thereby driving the connecting rod (25) to slide along the slide groove, so that the inner diameter of the clamping plate (26) relative to the center of the chuck (21) increases or decreases. The spinning equipment also includes a supporting mechanism, which is arranged opposite to the main shaft (11). The supporting mechanism is provided with a top shaft (13) for supporting the tail of the blank (4), and the top shaft (13) is connected to the blank (4) through the tail top plate. The adjustment mechanism comprises a support platform (3), a support frame is provided on the bottom surface of the support platform (3), a receiving groove is provided downward on the top surface of the support platform (3), through grooves are penetrated on both sides of the support platform (3) along the length direction, wing plates (31) are provided on both sides of the through grooves along the width direction of the support platform (3), the wing plates (31) and the support platform (3) are integrally formed, a guide groove is provided on the wing plate (31), and a roller shaft (32) is slidably connected between two adjacent guide grooves, and the roller shaft (32) ) is rotatably connected to a guide rail in the middle part, a load-bearing plate (35) is slidably connected in the accommodating groove, the ends of the load-bearing plate (35) respectively contact the ends of the adjacent roller shafts (32), a limit plate (33) is provided at the bottom of the support platform (3), the length of the limit plate (33) is greater than the length of the through groove, a transition plate connected to the end of the roller shaft (32) is provided on the top surface of the limit plate (33), a bracket is also provided on the bottom surface of the support platform (3), and a hydraulic drive component is provided at the bottom of the limit plate (33).

2. The device for positioning a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio during spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spinning mechanism comprises a plurality of spinning wheels (5) and a spinning wheel frame (14), wherein the spinning wheel frame (14) is used to clamp a limited spinning wheel (5), and the spinning wheel (5) is used to contact the outer peripheral wall of the blank (4), and the plurality of spinning wheels (5) are arranged in a surrounding array along the core mold (12), and the surrounding centers of the plurality of core molds (12) are arranged coaxially with the central axis of the core mold (12), the cross-sectional shape of the spinning wheel (5) is arc-shaped, the cross-sectional shape of the spinning wheel (5) is V-shaped, and the number of the spinning wheels (5) is one, two or three.

3. The device for positioning a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio during spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first transmission member (22) and the second transmission member (23) are two gears that are transmission-connected to each other. The chuck (21) is provided with a driving member, and the driving member is transmission-connected to the second transmission member (23). A fixing block is provided on one side of the second transmission member (23), and a non-return pawl is provided on the fixing block. The non-return pawl is located between two adjacent gear teeth of the second transmission member (23).

4. The device for positioning a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio during spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two guide rails are respectively a linear rail (341) and an inclined rail (342); the linear rail (341) is perpendicular to the support platform (3) when in operation; the angle between the inclined rail (342) and the width direction of the support platform (3) is 45° when in operation; surfaces of the linear rail (341) and the inclined rail (342) facing each other are provided with a track groove; a fixed plate (121) is provided at one end of the core mold (12) close to the support platform (3); the thickness of the fixed plate (121) is less than the groove width of the track groove; and elastic pads are provided on the inner surfaces of the two track grooves.

5. The device for positioning a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio during spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular groove is also provided on the outer peripheral wall of the chuck (21), and a support platform is also provided on the base of the spinning device. A positioning column is provided on the support platform, and the top of the positioning column is a curved surface that contacts the annular groove. The positioning column is used to support the clamping mechanism. The positioning column is also vertically connected to a centering rod. The roller shaft (32) is penetrated by a centering hole along the length direction toward the support platform (3), and the centering rod is used to be connected to the centering hole.

6. A spinning method for thin-walled workpieces with a large aspect ratio, characterized in that: The spinning processing positioning device for a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used for spinning processing, comprising the following steps: S1, selecting a blank (4) and a core mold (12), and sequentially placing the blank (4) on the core mold (12); S2, adjusting the clamping mechanism to clamp and fix the core mold (12) and the blank (4); S3, adjusting the regulating mechanism to keep the core mold (12) horizontal; S4, adjusting the spinning mechanism, adjusting the feed rate of the spinning wheel (5), and performing spinning processing on the blank (4); S5, taking out the formed blank (4) and performing surface heat treatment; S6. Complete the spinning process of the blank (4).

7. A spinning method for a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S2 includes: S21, controlling the driving member to drive the second transmission member (23) to rotate, while the first transmission member (22) rotates following the second transmission member (23), the positioning shaft (27) moves along the arc-shaped slot (24) and pushes the connecting rod (25) to slide along the slide slot, the plurality of clamping plates (26) move outward, and the distance between the clamping plates (26) and the core mold (12) increases; S22, moving the blank (4) sleeved on the core mold (12) toward the clamping mechanism; S23, controlling the driving member to reverse so that the second transmission member (23) reverses accordingly, so that the clamping plate (26) is retracted and the blank (4) is fixed circumferentially, the rotating check claw is clamped between adjacent gear teeth of the second transmission member (23), and finally the clamping mechanism and the main shaft (11) are fixed mechanically.

8. The method for spinning a thin-walled workpiece with a large aspect ratio according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S4 includes: S41, using the rotating wheel frame (14) to fix the end of the core mold (12) away from the clamping mechanism and apply a pre-tightening force; S42, adjusting the circumferential runout of the core mold (12) so that the linear runout of the core mold (12) in the horizontal and vertical directions is less than 0.05 mm, and adjusting the runout of the spinning wheel (5) to be less than 0.02 mm. After the adjustment is completed, the core mold (12) is driven to rotate by the main shaft (11), and the speed of the core mold (12) is n; S43, performing spinning processing along the tail end of the blank (4) toward the clamping mechanism through the spinning wheel (5), comprising the following steps; S431, the first spinning process, first radial feeding, setting the pressing amount of the spinning wheel (5) to X1, after reaching the set pressing amount of the spinning blank (4), feeding in the axial direction toward the end of the spindle (11), the feed rate is F1, the feed length is L1, after the axial feeding is completed, radially retracting to the starting height, and then axially retracting to the starting position; S432, after executing step S431, a second spinning process is performed, in which the pressing amount of the spinning wheel (5) is set to X2 in the second cycle, X2 is less than X1, and then the spinning wheel (5) is fed in the axial direction toward the end of the spindle (11), the feed rate is F2, the feed length is L2, L2 is greater than L1, and after the axial feeding is completed, the spinning wheel (5) is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position; S433, after executing step S432, a third spinning process is performed, in which the pressing amount of the spinning wheel (5) is set to X3 in the third cycle, X3 is less than X2, and then the spinning wheel (5) is fed in the axial direction toward the end of the spindle (11), the feed rate is F3, the feed length is L3, L3 is greater than L2, and after the axial feeding is completed, the spinning wheel (5) is radially retracted to the starting height, and then axially retracted to the starting position; S44, complete the spinning process to obtain the desired finished product.

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