A device and method for acquiring multi-parameter data in deep high-altitude mountains

Abstract

The present invention provides a device and method for acquiring multi-parameter data in the deep part of a high-level mountain, which belongs to the field of disaster detection. An ultra-weak fiber grating array sensing cable is used in a borehole to simultaneously acquire multi-parameter information such as displacement deformation, temperature conditions, and seepage pressure of different layers of a rock and soil body in one borehole, and the fusion analysis of the multi-parameter information is realized by on-site calculation, thereby providing effective technical support for monitoring and early warning of geological disasters in coal mining mines. The present invention can grasp and understand the deep multi-parameter data of high-level mountains in coal mining areas, and can provide effective technical support for studying and judging the dynamics of rock formations in high-level mountains. By selecting effective observation boreholes in the high-level mountain area and deploying ultra-weak fiber grating sensing cables of different types and scales in the observation boreholes, it is possible to effectively acquire deep multi-parameter sensing monitoring data of high-level mountains, thereby providing effective data reference for determining the stable state of high-level mountains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of disaster detection, and in particular relates to a device and method for acquiring multi-parameter data in the deep part of a high-level mountain. Background Art

[0002] Wumeng Mountain area is a large coal energy base in my country. The geological environment of Wumeng Mountain area is fragile and human engineering activities are intense. In recent years, geological disasters such as high-level dangerous rocks, collapses, and landslides have occurred frequently. In order to effectively obtain the geological changes in the coal mining area, the conventional monitoring method is to use the "air-sky-ground-well" method to obtain data on multiple parameters such as rock and soil layer displacement, temperature field, groundwater, and osmotic pressure. In particular, understanding the geological information of the underground rock and soil layers of coal mining mines can provide effective monitoring data for geological disasters in coal mining areas, thereby improving the scientific and technological capabilities of geological disaster monitoring and early warning in coal mining mines.

[0003] The geological conditions in the Wumeng Mountain area are relatively complex. The traditional method of obtaining geological information on rock and soil layers is often to analyze the geological structure of different layers of the rock and soil through drilling construction, and deploy different types of sensors in the borehole to study whether the rock and soil layers have settled, whether the groundwater level has changed, and the changes in the temperature field and seepage field of the rock and soil layers. Due to the stratigraphic structure of the area, a single monitoring sensor is often deployed when deploying borehole monitoring, which can only obtain parameter information such as strain, temperature, and seepage pressure of different layers of the rock and soil, and the efficiency of the borehole is not well utilized. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem of limited monitoring parameters inside the borehole, the present invention provides a high-level mountain deep multi-parameter data acquisition device and method, using ultra-weak fiber grating array sensing optical cable in the borehole, and simultaneously obtaining multi-parameter information such as displacement deformation, temperature conditions, and seepage pressure of different layers of the rock and soil body in one borehole, and realizing the fusion analysis of multi-parameter information through on-site solution, thereby providing effective technical support for monitoring and early warning of geological disasters in coal mining mines. The present invention can grasp and understand the deep multi-parameter data of high-level mountains in coal mining areas, and can provide effective technical support for studying and judging the rock strata dynamics of high-level mountains. By selecting effective observation boreholes in the high-level mountain area and deploying ultra-weak fiber grating sensing optical cables of different types and scales in the observation boreholes, it is possible to effectively obtain high-level mountain deep multi-parameter sensing monitoring data, thereby providing effective data reference for determining the stable state of the high-level mountain.

[0005] Specifically, ultra-weak fiber grating sensors are a general term for grating sensors with a reflectivity lower than 0.1%. Ultra-weak fiber grating sensors have extremely low reflectivity, and there is almost no difference in the light power reflected by all grating points, allowing a large number of ultra-weak fiber grating sensors to be multiplexed at the same wavelength on one optical fiber. Ultra-weak fiber grating sensors fully inherit the advantages of traditional Bragg grating multi-parameter monitoring and can achieve large-scale, high-precision perception of multiple physical quantities such as temperature, strain, and deformation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A high-level mountain deep multi-parameter data acquisition device is mainly used to acquire high-level mountain deep multi-parameter sensing data, including ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing optical cable, strain sensing optical cable, penetration pressure sensing optical cable, multi-parameter data acquisition control unit, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit, steel wire guide cable, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating guide unit, data communication unit and power supply unit, wherein:

[0008] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing optical cable is used to sense the temperature data of different layers deep in the mountain;

[0009] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain sensing optical cable is used to sense strain data of different layers deep in the mountain;

[0010] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure sensing optical cable is used to sense the penetration pressure data of different layers deep in the mountain;

[0011] The multi-parameter data acquisition control unit is used to coordinate and control the data acquisition of multi-parameter sensing optical cables such as temperature, strain, and penetration pressure;

[0012] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit is used for transmitting, receiving, demodulating and data docking of fiber pulse signals;

[0013] The steel wire guide cable is used to adjust the temperature, strain, penetration pressure and other sensing balance of the optical cable during the cable lowering process;

[0014] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating guide unit is used to lower the temperature, strain, and penetration pressure sensing optical cables. In order to effectively ensure the monitoring effect of the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating, the temperature, strain, and penetration pressure sensing optical cables are fixed at the guide unit, so that a dual-path ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating for temperature, strain, and penetration pressure is formed in the borehole respectively;

[0015] The data communication unit is used to transmit the collected multi-parameter data such as temperature, strain, osmotic pressure, etc. to a remote cloud server;

[0016] The power supply unit is used to provide power supply for the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit, the multi-parameter data acquisition control unit, and the data communication unit.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for acquiring multi-parameter data in deep part of a high-level mountain, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1: Understand the engineering geological conditions of high-level mountains in the coal mining area through transient electromagnetic methods, select appropriate areas in the high-level mountain area to deploy observation boreholes, and the number of observation boreholes is determined according to the key deformation areas, volume, and impact range of the high-level mountains.

[0019] S2: Deep drilling is performed on the observation hole, wherein the observation hole successively passes through the mudstone layer, the sandstone layer, the limestone layer, and the mudstone layer, the sandstone layer, and the limestone layer that are spaced apart from each other.

[0020] S3: Laying down the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing cable in the observation hole. The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing cable includes the temperature sensing cable, the strain sensing cable and the penetration pressure sensing cable. The temperature sensing cable is an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature array sensor with a 0.5m interval grid. The strain sensing cable includes an internal fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor and an external fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor. The penetration pressure sensing cable is an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure array sensor.

[0021] S4: Backfilling the observation hole with drilling materials. In the observation hole, according to the core geological information of the observation hole recorded in the previous drilling construction, the corresponding backfill materials and the plugging materials for different strata of the rock and soil layer are selected according to the core geological information. The backfill materials include the clay balls, the coarse quartz sand, and the fine quartz sand. The plugging material for the stratum interval required for the specific stratum of the rock and soil layer is the flexible waterproof material.

[0022] S5: sealing the borehole of the observation hole, backfilling and compacting the borehole with the original soil of the high-position mountain, and piling up the brick masonry structure at the empty mouth of the observation hole to protect the observation hole and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensor cable.

[0023] S6: Connecting the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing optical cable to an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating multi-parameter sensing array monitoring system.

[0024] Preferably, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating multi-parameter sensing array monitoring system comprises the multi-parameter data acquisition control unit, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit, the data communication unit and the power supply unit. The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit transmits the multi-parameter monitoring data to a remote cloud server through the data communication unit.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention realizes the acquisition of multi-parameter data in the deep part of high-position mountains, and realizes the acquisition of multi-parameter data of different layers such as deep deformation, temperature, and permeability pressure in the same borehole of high-position mountains in coal mining areas, effectively solving the shortcomings and defects of single monitoring parameters of boreholes.

[0027] 2. The present invention designs accurate and reliable borehole backfill materials based on the high-level mountain rock core, which is consistent with the original rock layer of the high-level mountain to the greatest extent, ensures the fit between the ultra-weak fiber grating sensor and the rock layer, and improves the accuracy of monitoring parameters.

[0028] 3. The present invention designs ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensors of different ranges and scales according to the high-altitude mountain rock strata. For rock strata with weaker stability, internal fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain sensing optical cables with relatively fine monitoring scales are deployed. For rock strata with stronger stability, external fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain sensing optical cables with relatively large monitoring scales are deployed. This can effectively, accurately and efficiently sense the deformation conditions of different types of rock strata.

[0029] 4. The present invention realizes the coordinated linkage monitoring of deep deformation, temperature and seepage pressure of high-altitude mountains in the same borehole, greatly improving the ability to obtain multi-parameter data in the deep part of high-altitude mountains and effectively improving the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of high-altitude mountains. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a device and method for acquiring multi-parameter data in deep part of a high-level mountain according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 The structure diagram of the observation hole and the deployment diagram of the ultra-weak fiber grating of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of backfilling the drilling material in the observation hole of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the observation hole of the present invention being fully backfilled with drilling materials and connected to an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating demodulator.

[0034] Among them, the accompanying drawings are marked as: ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating first strain sensing optical cable 1, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure sensing optical cable 2, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing optical cable 3, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing optical cable 4, steel wire guide cable 5, observation hole 6, brickwork structure 7, observation hole mouth 8, mudstone layer 9, sandstone layer 10, internal fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 11, external fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 12, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature array sensor 13, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure array sensor 14, clay ball 15, limestone layer 16, coarse quartz sand 17, fine quartz sand 18, flexible waterproof material 19, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating guiding unit 20, coal seam goaf 21, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit 22, data communication unit 23, multi-parameter data acquisition control unit 24, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data display and storage unit 25, remote cloud server 26, power supply unit 27. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, firstly, a typical high-level mountain is selected as the research object in the research area; after the research object is selected, different types of ultra-weak fiber grating array sensors are prepared to be deployed deep in the high-level mountain. In order to better monitor the deep multi-parameters of the high-level mountain, three drillings are carried out inside the high-level mountain, and ultra-weak fiber grating array sensors are deployed in the three boreholes respectively. The ultra-weak fiber grating array sensors in the three boreholes need to be converged at the base station position. After the sensors are converged, they are uniformly signal-conditioned and enter the ultra-weak fiber grating demodulator. The solar panel and the battery provide power supply for the ultra-weak fiber grating demodulator. The ultra-weak fiber grating demodulator sends the multi-parameter data of the ultra-weak fiber grating array sensor to the cloud server via the data communication unit.

[0037] like Figure 2-Figure 4As shown, the high-level mountain deep multi-parameter data acquisition device of the present invention is mainly used to obtain high-level mountain deep multi-parameter sensing data, including ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing optical cable 4, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating first strain sensing optical cable 1, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing optical cable 3, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure sensing optical cable 2, multi-parameter data acquisition control unit 24, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit 22, steel wire guide cable 5, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating guide unit 20, data communication unit 23, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data display and storage unit 25, remote cloud server 26 and power supply unit 27, wherein:

[0038] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing optical cable 4 is used to sense the temperature data of different layers deep in the mountain;

[0039] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating first strain sensing optical cable 1 and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing optical cable 3 are used to sense strain data of different layers deep in the mountain;

[0040] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure sensing optical cable 2 is used to sense the penetration pressure data of different layers deep in the mountain;

[0041] The multi-parameter data acquisition control unit 24 is used to coordinate and control the data acquisition of multi-parameter sensing optical cables such as temperature, strain, and penetration pressure;

[0042] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit 22 is used for transmitting, receiving, demodulating and data docking of fiber pulse signals;

[0043] The steel wire guide cable 5 is used to adjust the temperature, strain, penetration pressure and other sensing balance of the optical cable during the cable lowering process;

[0044] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating guide unit 20 is used to lower the temperature, strain, and penetration pressure sensing optical cables. In order to effectively ensure the monitoring effect of the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating, the temperature, strain, and penetration pressure sensing optical cables are fixed at the guide unit, so that a dual-path ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating for temperature, strain, and penetration pressure is formed in the borehole respectively;

[0045] The data communication unit 23 is used to transmit the collected multi-parameter data such as temperature, strain, osmotic pressure, etc. to the remote cloud server.

[0046] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data display and storage unit 25 is used to display and store multi-parameter data such as temperature, strain, and permeability pressure at high-level mountain sites.

[0047] The remote cloud server 26 is used to store the temperature, strain, and penetration pressure monitoring data sent by the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit 22 via the data communication unit 23 into the server.

[0048] The power supply unit 27 is used to provide power supply for the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit 22 , the multi-parameter data acquisition control unit 24 , the data communication unit 23 and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data display and storage unit 25 .

[0049] The observation hole 6 is a monitoring hole excavated in a high-level mountain.

[0050] The observation hole opening 8 is used to protect the observation hole 6.

[0051] The brickwork structure 7 is used to protect the observation hole and the ultra-weak fiber grating sensing cable.

[0052] The ultra-weak fiber grating temperature sensing cable 4, the ultra-weak fiber grating first strain sensing cable 1, the ultra-weak fiber grating second strain sensing cable 3, the ultra-weak fiber grating penetration pressure sensing cable 2 and the steel wire guide cable 5, and the ultra-weak fiber grating guide unit 20 are lowered into the monitoring hole and placed at the bottom of the monitoring hole.

[0053] The mudstone layer 9, the sandstone layer 10 and the limestone layer 16 are the core geological information recorded in the excavated borehole. The core information is formed after the borehole is drilled. After the optical cable is placed, similar materials need to be used for backfilling.

[0054] The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing cable 4, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating first strain sensing cable 1, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing cable 3, and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure sensing cable 2 are connected from the surface to the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit 22. Under the control of the multi-parameter data acquisition control unit 24, data is regularly collected on the temperature, strain, and penetration pressure cables according to the set data acquisition cycle, and the multi-parameter data such as temperature, strain, and penetration pressure are sent to the remote cloud server 26 through the data communication unit 23.

[0055] The present invention also provides a method for acquiring multi-parameter data in the deep part of a high-position mountain. Observation holes are deployed in key areas of a high-position mountain in a coal mining area. Different types of ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensor array sensors are deployed in different observation holes to acquire multi-parameter monitoring data in the deep part of a high-position mountain. The specific steps are as follows:

[0056] S1: Understand the engineering geological conditions of high-level mountains in the coal mining area through transient electromagnetic methods, select appropriate areas in the high-level mountain area to deploy observation boreholes, and the number of observation boreholes is determined according to the key deformation area, volume, and impact range of the high-level mountain. For example, according to Figure 1 The deployment method is to deploy 3 observation boreholes in the high mountain, mainly covering the landslide sliding surface and water level line, until the boreholes penetrate into the coal seam goaf 21.

[0057] S2: Deep drilling work is carried out on the observation hole. The observation hole 6 successively passes through the mudstone layer 9, the sandstone layer 10 and the limestone layer 16 as well as other mudstone layers, sandstone layers and limestone layers spaced apart from each other.

[0058] S3: The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing cable is lowered to the observation hole 6, and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing cable includes the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing cable 4, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating first strain sensing cable 1, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing cable 3, and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure sensing cable 2. Above the sliding surface, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing cable 4 is the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature array sensor 13 with a 0.5m interval grid; below the sliding surface, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing cable 4 is the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature array sensor 13 with a 1.5m interval grid.

[0059] The first ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain sensing optical cable 1 and the second ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain sensing optical cable 3 respectively include the inner fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 11 and the outer fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 12. The sensor spacing of the inner fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 11 and the outer fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 12 in the mudstone layer 9 is 0.5m, the sensor spacing of the inner fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 11 and the outer fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 12 in the sandstone layer 10 is 2.0m, and the sensor spacing of the inner fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 11 and the outer fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensor 12 in the limestone layer 16 is 5.0m. The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating permeation pressure sensing optical cable 2 is the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating permeation pressure array sensor 14, and the spacing distance of the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating permeation pressure array sensor 14 below the water level is 8m. The ultra-weak fiber grating sensing optical cable is simultaneously pulled down by the steel wire guide cable 5, the front end of which is connected to the ultra-weak fiber grating guiding unit 20. The ultra-weak fiber grating guiding unit 20 has a certain weight and can pull the ultra-weak fiber grating temperature sensing optical cable 4, the ultra-weak fiber grating first strain sensing optical cable 1, the ultra-weak fiber grating second strain sensing optical cable 3, and the ultra-weak fiber grating penetration pressure sensing optical cable 2 downward in the observation hole 6.

[0060] S4: Backfilling of drilling materials is performed on the observation hole 6. In the observation hole 6, the corresponding backfilling materials and plugging materials for different strata of the rock and soil layer are selected according to the core geological information of the observation hole recorded in the previous drilling construction. The backfilling materials include the clay balls 15, the coarse quartz sand 17, and the fine quartz sand 18. The plugging material for the stratum interval required for the specific stratum of the rock and soil layer is the flexible waterproof material 19.

[0061] Specifically, the S4 includes:

[0062] S41: According to the core geological information of the observation hole 6, the drilling backfill material is prepared in advance according to the cataloged core geological information of the observation hole 6.

[0063] S42: Backfill the clay ball 15 material to the bottom of the borehole 6. The volume of the clay ball 15 material needs to be calculated based on the core geological information of the observation hole 6. During the backfilling process, a small amount of multiple times is used to backfill and seal the hole to avoid blockage of the hole mouth and loose backfill in the borehole. In order to ensure that the optical cable is not damaged or the strain is too large, the optical cable strain needs to be measured in real time.

[0064] S43: determining whether the flexible waterproof material 19 needs to be backfilled between different rock layers according to the core geological information of the observation hole 6; if the corresponding rock layer is the mudstone layer 9, the flexible waterproof material 19 needs to be backfilled in the layer before the mudstone layer 9;

[0065] S44: backfilling the observation hole 6 with the corresponding clay balls 15 , the coarse quartz sand 17 , and the fine quartz sand 18 in sequence according to the core geological information of the observation hole 6 .

[0066] S5: The borehole is sealed for the observation hole. The borehole opening 8 is backfilled and compacted with the original soil of the high-position mountain, and the brick masonry structure 7 is piled up at the empty mouth of the observation hole to protect the observation hole and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensor cable.

[0067] S6: Connecting the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing optical cable to an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating multi-parameter sensing array monitoring system.

[0068] Preferably, the acquisition device includes the temperature sensing optical cable 4, the first strain sensing optical cable 1, the second strain sensing optical cable 3, the penetration pressure sensing optical cable 2, a multi-parameter data acquisition control unit 24, an ultra-weak fiber grating data demodulation unit 22, a steel wire guide cable 5, an ultra-weak fiber grating guide unit 20, a data communication unit 23, an ultra-weak fiber grating data display and storage unit 25, a remote cloud server 26 and a power supply unit 27.

[0069] During normal observation of deep deformation, temperature and seepage pressure of high-altitude mountains, deformation, temperature and seepage pressure grating sensing data are acquired periodically. For example, under normal observation conditions, the data acquisition cycle of deep deformation is 2 hours / time, while the data acquisition cycle of temperature and seepage pressure may be longer, such as 4 hours / time or 6 hours / time.

[0070] The most intuitive reaction to the deep deformation of high-altitude mountains is the continuous increase in the amount of deep deformation. In order to further understand the relationship between deep deformation and temperature and seepage pressure, after observing changes in deep deformation data, the data collection cycle of deep deformation will be monitored more intensively. For example, the data collection cycle is adjusted to 10 minutes / time. At this time, the monitoring system will also synchronously adjust the data collection cycle of temperature and seepage pressure to 10 minutes / time. At this time, the synchronous and coordinated monitoring of deep deformation, temperature and seepage pressure can be realized.

[0071] Example:

[0072] The initial implementation borehole diameter of the observation hole 6 is 300mm. The mudstone layer 9 is drilled with a drill bit of 300mm in diameter. In order to prevent the possible collapse of the mudstone layer 9 at the drilling position of the observation hole 6, a brick masonry structure 7 is used at the mudstone layer 9 on the surface of the high mountain to protect the observation hole, effectively ensuring that the borehole is firm and solid. Then, a drill bit of 200mm in diameter is used to continue drilling downward in the observation hole 6. During the implementation process, the specific rock layer locations of the high mountain mudstone layer 9, sandstone layer 10 and limestone layer 16 should be recorded in detail. During the drilling implementation process, the drill bit diameter is adjusted according to the actual situation, and the final diameter of the observation hole 6 is 150mm. After the drilling construction is completed, the ultra-weak fiber grating cable is ready to be lowered. In order to ensure the smoothness and stability of the cable lowering process, 8 ultra-weak fiber grating cables (two of each type of cable) are guided through the ultra-weak fiber grating guide unit 20 as the intermediate guide, so that a dual-path observation of the observation hole 6 can be formed, effectively ensuring the observation effect. Considering that the ultra-weak fiber grating cable may be bent or bent during the cable lowering process, the steel wire guide cable 5 is hung at the ultra-weak fiber grating guide unit 20 to assist the ultra-weak fiber grating guide unit 20 in completing the cable lowering work. Then, the cable lowering work is implemented. The ultra-weak fiber grating temperature sensing cable 4, the ultra-weak fiber grating first strain sensing cable 1, the ultra-weak fiber grating second strain sensing cable 3, and the ultra-weak fiber grating permeability pressure sensing cable 2 are all full-hole position observations. It should be pointed out that the permeability pressure array sensor is mainly located in the mudstone layer 9 and the sandstone layer 10. After the cable lowering is completed, the drilling backfilling work of the observation hole 6 is started.

[0073] After waiting for the backfill material in the observation hole 6 to be firmly fixed, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing optical cable 4, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating first strain sensing optical cable 1, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing optical cable 3, and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure sensing optical cable 2 are sorted and bundled and connected to the chassis in the acquisition device, and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing optical cable 4, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating first strain sensing optical cable 1, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing optical cable 3, and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure sensing optical cable 2 are connected to the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit 22. Under the control of the multi-parameter data acquisition control unit 24, data is regularly collected on the temperature, strain, and penetration pressure cables according to the set data acquisition cycle, and the multi-parameter data such as temperature, strain, and penetration pressure are sent to the remote cloud server 26 through the data communication unit 23, so as to realize real-time observation of all deep multi-parameter data in the high-level mountain observation hole 6, thereby providing effective data support for the deformation trend of the high-level mountain.

Claims

1. A method for acquiring multi-parameter data in deep high-level mountains, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Understand the engineering geological conditions of high-level mountains in the coal mining area through transient electromagnetic methods, and select appropriate areas in the high-level mountain area to deploy observation boreholes; S2: Deep drilling of the observation hole, wherein the observation hole successively passes through the mudstone layer, the sandstone layer, the limestone layer, and the mudstone layer, the sandstone layer, and the limestone layer spaced apart from each other; S3: lowering ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing cables to the observation hole, wherein the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing cables include the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing cables, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating first strain sensing cables, the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing cables, and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure sensing cables. The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing cables are ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating temperature array sensors with a 0.5m interval grid. The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating first strain sensing cables and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing cables include inner fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensors and outer fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating strain array sensors. The ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating second strain sensing cables and the penetration pressure sensing cables are ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating penetration pressure array sensors. S4: backfilling the observation hole with drilling materials, selecting corresponding backfilling materials and plugging materials at different intervals of rock and soil layers in the observation hole according to the core geological information of the observation hole recorded in the previous drilling construction; S5: sealing the borehole of the observation hole, backfilling and compacting the borehole with original soil from a high-level mountain, and building a brick masonry structure at the empty mouth of the observation hole to protect the observation hole and the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensor cable; S6: Implementing an optical cable access acquisition device for the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing optical cable.

2. A method for acquiring multi-parameter data in deep high-level mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the number of observation boreholes is determined according to the key deformation area, volume and impact range of the high-level mountain.

3. The method for acquiring multi-parameter data in deep high-level mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the backfill material includes clay balls, coarse quartz sand, and fine quartz sand; the sealing material required for the inter-layer spacing in the specific layers of the rock and soil layer is a flexible waterproof material.

4. The method for acquiring multi-parameter data in deep high-level mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, the acquisition device includes a multi-parameter data acquisition control unit, an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit, a data communication unit and a power supply unit; the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating data demodulation unit transmits the multi-parameter monitoring data to the remote cloud server through the data communication unit.

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