Mixed cropping planting method for common vetch and oat in high and cold agricultural and pastoral areas

Abstract

According to the common vetch and oat mixed cropping planting method in the high and cold agricultural and pastoral areas, through proper combination of common vetch and oat pasture and different-row sowing, the light energy and the land utilization rate are improved, inter-seed competition is reduced, and the field cultivation technology of high quality and high yield of pasture is achieved; the yield of forage grass, economic benefits, land utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency are remarkably improved, the use amount of industrial nitrogen fertilizer and economic, environmental and energy burdens caused by the nitrogen fertilizer are reduced, and the method is an effective way for improving the productivity of agriculture and animal husbandry in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is also a key measure for coping with global climate changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agriculture. Background Art

[0002] Oats (Avena sativa L.) are annual herbaceous plants of the Poaceae family and the genus Avena. The main production areas of oats are the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The main producing countries are Russia, Canada, the United States, Germany and China. The main oat producing areas in China are Inner Mongolia, Hebei and Gansu, and there are small areas of cultivation in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Tibet. Among them, Inner Mongolia has the largest planting area, accounting for more than 35% of the total oat planting area in China. Oats like coolness, humidity, and sunshine, and are not resistant to high temperatures. Insufficient light will cause stunted development. They are generally sown and planted in the cold and dry areas of mountainous areas, such as Sichuan, Pingdi, Liangdi and gently sloping land.

[0003] Vicia sativa L. is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant of the Leguminosae family, genus Vicia, which can reach 105 cm in height. It is native to southern Europe and western Asia, and is distributed throughout China. It is widely cultivated. It grows in barren mountains, grassy fields and forests at an altitude of 50-3000 meters, and is a green manure and excellent forage. The whole herb can be used for medicinal purposes.

[0004] The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a concentration of plateau biodiversity and a germplasm resource bank for alpine organisms. It is an important ecological security barrier in my country and a sensitive area and important starting area for global climate change. It is particularly important to study the nitrogen fertilizer reduction planting technology of oats and peas in Qinghai Province.

[0005] In addition, in recent decades, climate change and overgrazing have caused varying degrees of degradation of the alpine grassland ecosystem in the Sanjiangyuan region, resulting in degradation of the vegetation population structure, reduced species diversity and productivity. In addition, the livestock industry in the region has long been in a state of year-round grazing, with seasonal imbalances in forage yield and nutritional value, which ultimately led to increasingly prominent problems such as the contradiction between supply and demand of regional forage and livestock resources and time and space dislocation. How to provide high-quality and high-yield forage resources is also a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on the above needs, the present invention provides a method for mixed planting of peas and oats in high-altitude agricultural and pastoral areas. Through the appropriate combination of peas and oats forage grass, different rows are sown at the same time to improve the utilization rate of light energy and land, reduce inter-species competition, and achieve high-quality and high-yield field cultivation technology for forage grass. The technical standard for reducing the use of mixed nitrogen fertilizers to increase production and increase efficiency utilizes the technical principle of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and underground nitrogen transfer of peas, which can significantly improve forage yield, economic benefits, land utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and reduces the amount of industrial nitrogen fertilizers and the economic, environmental and energy burdens brought by nitrogen fertilizers. It is an effective way to improve the agricultural and animal husbandry productivity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and a key measure to cope with global climate change.

[0007] Specifically, it includes the following:

[0008] (1) Select areas with an altitude of 2500-4000m, accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ from May to August reaching 1000℃ or above, annual average temperature above 0.2℃, and land with neutral or alkaline soil;

[0009] (2) Cleaning and preparing the land, tilling in autumn and turning in spring, and sowing forage oats and arrow peas in rows;

[0010] (3) In the seedling stage, apply a small amount of ammonium sulfate as base fertilizer; in the middle growth period of forage grass, apply a small amount of urea as topdressing fertilizer; after flowering, no longer apply chemical nitrogen fertilizer;

[0011] (4) Field management: harvest oats at the milky stage;

[0012] In step (3), the following method is used to evaluate the fertilization effect and thus determine the fertilization situation:

[0013] A. Forage yield increase rate

[0014] The difference in forage biomass yield between treatments with nitrogen fertilizer and treatments without nitrogen fertilizer is expressed as a percentage of the yield of treatments without nitrogen fertilizer. The yield increase rate (YGR) is expressed as a percentage (%) and is calculated according to formula (a.1):

[0015]

[0016] Where Y N represents the biomass yield of forage treated with nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; Y0 represents the biomass yield of forage treated without nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha;

[0017] B. Land equivalent ratio

[0018] The sum of the ratios of the biomass yield of leguminous and gramineous grasses when planted together to their biomass yield when planted alone; the land equivalent ratio (LER) is calculated according to formula (a.2)

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, YL M and Y.L. M Respectively represent the biomass yield of leguminous forage mixed cropping and monocropping, Mg / ha; YG M and YG M They represent the biomass yield of grass-forage mixed cropping and monocropping, Mg / ha;

[0021] C. Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency

[0022] The nitrogen utilization efficiency NUE, which is the amount of nitrogen absorbed by grass per unit of nitrogen application, is calculated in % according to formula (a.3).

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, YN N The nitrogen absorption of forage grass in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application, kg / ha; YN0 represents the nitrogen absorption of forage grass in the treatment of no nitrogen fertilizer application, kg / ha; N represents the nitrogen application rate, kg / ha;

[0025] D. Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer

[0026] The increase in forage biomass per unit of nitrogen application, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, ANUE, is expressed in kg / kg N and is calculated according to formula (a.3):

[0027]

[0028] Where Y N represents the biomass yield of forage treated with nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; Y0 represents the biomass yield of forage treated without nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; N represents the nitrogen application rate, kg / ha;

[0029] E. Economic Benefits

[0030] The difference between the forage output value and the input cost. A positive value indicates economic benefits. The larger the amount, the more profit. Net profit NP, in units of 10,000 yuan / ha, is calculated according to formula (a.5). Return on investment (ROI), also known as the ratio of input to output, is calculated according to formula (a.6).

[0031] NP=OI(a.5)

[0032]

[0033] Where: O represents output value, yuan / ha; I represents input cost, yuan / ha.

[0034] In the present invention, before sowing, the seeds are spread out in a dry sunny place for 2 to 3 days and turned over 2 to 3 times during the drying process.

[0035] In the present invention, oat seeds and pea seeds are separated during row sowing, the oat seeds are put into the front box, and the pea seeds are put into the fertilizer box, the row spacing is 15-20cm, and the land is pressed and hoeed after sowing, and the sowing depth is 3-5cm.

[0036] In the present invention, the average temperature during sowing is preferably ≥5°C.

[0037] In the present invention, the sowing period in agricultural areas below 3000m above sea level is from mid-to-early April, the sowing period in agricultural-pastoral interlaced areas at an altitude of 3000-3500m is from late April to early mid-May, and the sowing period in pastoral areas at an altitude of 3500-4000m is from late May to early June.

[0038] In the present invention, the sowing rate of forage oats is 80-100 kg / ha, and the sowing rate of arrow peas is calculated by the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] Where: W L W represents the sowing rate of arrow pea, kg / ha; G Indicates the sowing rate of forage oats, kg / ha; K L Indicates the weight of 1,000 peas, g; K G Indicates the thousand-grain weight of feeding oats, g.

[0041] In the present invention, the sowing rate of the arrow pea is 48 to 60 kg / ha.

[0042] In the present invention, the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to base fertilizer and topdressing is 5:5.

[0043] In the present invention, 10-15 kg / ha of ammonium sulfate is used as a base fertilizer and applied to the field in combination with rotary tillage; and 10-15 kg / ha of urea is used as a topdressing fertilizer and applied to the field.

[0044] In the present invention, the autumn tillage and spring rotation, i.e., timely autumn tillage after the previous crop is harvested in the previous year, ploughing operation, the tillage depth is 20-25cm; rotary tillage is carried out during the spring thaw, the tillage depth is 15-20cm, and after rotary tillage, the land is harrowed and leveled for sowing.

[0045] The mixed cultivation of peas and oats in high-altitude agricultural and pastoral areas is considered to be a sustainable land management method that can increase forage yield, protein supply, land use efficiency, suppress field weeds, and maintain biodiversity. The technical standard for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and increasing production and efficiency in mixed cultivation of peas and oats in high-altitude agricultural and pastoral areas uses the technical principle of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and underground nitrogen transfer of legumes to significantly improve forage yield, economic benefits, land use efficiency, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. This standard is of great significance in coordinating regional ecological protection and comprehensive social and economic development in Qinghai Province.

[0046] In the mixed cultivation grassland of the present invention, the pea grass and oat forage simultaneously utilizes the atmospheric nitrogen fixed by the symbiosis of the pea grass and rhizobia to replace part of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and at the same time optimizes the fertilization period and method to improve the nutrient utilization efficiency, and finally realizes the comprehensive nutrient management technology of high yield and high efficiency of forage and reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer.

[0047] The implementation of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and yield-increasing technology in the mixed cropping of peas and oats in high-altitude agricultural and pastoral areas can provide high-quality and high-yield forage resources for livestock in traditional grazing areas of Qinghai Province, and alleviate the grazing pressure on natural grasslands; at the same time, by improving the efficiency and nutrients of land and nutrient use, it can greatly reduce the pollution of farmland soil by industrial nitrogen fertilizers and atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions. Ultimately, the goal of coordinated development of plateau ecosystem protection, agricultural and animal husbandry productivity, and regional economic and social development can be achieved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Example 1

[0049] 1. Location selection

[0050] 1.1 Suitable areas

[0051] Choose areas with an altitude of less than 4000m, accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ from May to August reaching more than 1000℃, and annual average temperature above 0.2℃ for planting. Areas with annual precipitation of more than 350mm can rely on rain-feeding, and areas with annual precipitation of less than 350mm need irrigation conditions.

[0052] 1.2 Terrain and soil selection

[0053] Choose land with soil thickness ≥ 30cm, flat terrain, medium or above fertility, good drainage, suitable for mechanical farming, and neutral or alkaline soil.

[0054] 2. Cleaning

[0055] Stones, garbage and other debris should be cleared from the planting area.

[0056] 3. Land preparation

[0057] Land preparation is mainly autumn tillage and spring tillage. Autumn tillage should be carried out in time after the previous crop is harvested. It is advisable to use a large traction tiller to till the land to a depth of 20 to 25 cm. Rotary tillage (15 to 20 cm deep) is carried out during the spring thaw. After rotary tillage, harrow and level the land for sowing.

[0058] 4Basis for nitrogen fertilizer application

[0059] 4.1 Application Target

[0060] Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer should achieve the goals of high yield, high quality and high efficiency of forage, improve soil quality, ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products and protect the ecological environment.

[0061] 4.2 Nitrogen requirement of forage grass and fertilization type

[0062] During the seedling stage, Poaceae has a smaller demand for nitrogen and absorbs less. Leguminous forage grasses do not have the ability to fix nitrogen and have a larger demand for nitrogen. A small amount of nitrogen fertilizer with a low quick-acting nitrogen content (ammonium sulfate) needs to be applied as base fertilizer to promote the formation of leguminous forage root nodules. In the middle growth period of forage grasses, the nitrogen demand of leguminous forage grasses decreases, while Poaceae grasses have a larger demand for nitrogen and absorb it at a faster rate. Considering the biological nitrogen fixation of leguminous forage grasses, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer with a higher quick-acting nitrogen content (urea) is applied as topdressing at this time. After flowering, leguminous and Poaceae grasses absorb less nitrogen, and the biological nitrogen fixation of leguminous forage grasses can meet the nitrogen fertilizer needs of themselves and Poaceae grasses, so no chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied at this time.

[0063] 4.3 Nitrogen fertilizer base topdressing ratio and fertilizer application amount

[0064] The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to topdressing is 5:5. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer is determined according to the fertilizer effect function method (NY / T1105-2006), that is, after repeated field tests, the functional relationship between different yields and corresponding fertilizer amounts is used to determine the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. 10-15kg / ha of ammonium sulfate is used as base fertilizer and applied to the field with rotary tillage; 10-15kg / ha of urea is applied to the field as topdressing.

[0065] 4. Evaluation of the benefits of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application

[0066] The benefits of nitrogen fertilizer are evaluated as follows:

[0067] A. Forage yield increase rate

[0068] The difference in forage biomass yield between treatments with nitrogen fertilizer and treatments without nitrogen fertilizer is expressed as a percentage of the yield of treatments without nitrogen fertilizer. The yield increase rate (YGR) is expressed as a percentage (%) and is calculated according to formula (a.1):

[0069]

[0070] Where Y N represents the biomass yield of forage treated with nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; Y0 represents the biomass yield of forage treated without nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha;

[0071] B. Land equivalent ratio

[0072] The sum of the ratios of the biomass yield of leguminous and gramineous grasses when planted together to their biomass yield when planted alone; the land equivalent ratio (LER) is calculated according to formula (a.2)

[0073]

[0074] In the formula, YL M and Y.L. M Respectively represent the biomass yield of leguminous forage mixed cropping and monocropping, Mg / ha; YG M and YGM They represent the biomass yield of grass-forage mixed cropping and monocropping, Mg / ha;

[0075] C. Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency

[0076] The nitrogen utilization efficiency NUE, which is the amount of nitrogen absorbed by grass per unit of nitrogen application, is calculated in % according to formula (a.3).

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, YN N The nitrogen absorption of forage grass in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application, kg / ha; YN0 represents the nitrogen absorption of forage grass in the treatment of no nitrogen fertilizer application, kg / ha; N represents the nitrogen application rate, kg / ha;

[0079] D. Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer

[0080] The increase in forage biomass per unit of nitrogen application, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, ANUE, is expressed in kg / kg N and is calculated according to formula (a.3):

[0081]

[0082] Where Y N represents the biomass yield of forage treated with nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; Y0 represents the biomass yield of forage treated without nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; N represents the nitrogen application rate, kg / ha;

[0083] E. Economic Benefits

[0084] The difference between the forage output value and the input cost. A positive value indicates economic benefits. The larger the amount, the more profit. Net profit NP, in units of 10,000 yuan / ha, is calculated according to formula (a.5). Return on investment (ROI), also known as the ratio of input to output, is calculated according to formula (a.6).

[0085] NP=OI(a.5)

[0086]

[0087] Where: O represents output value, yuan / ha; I represents input cost, yuan / ha.

[0088] 5Other base fertilizers

[0089] In combination with autumn tillage, 1500-3000 kg / ha of high-quality decomposed manure can be applied. In spring, 80-100 kg / ha of superphosphate and 20-30 kg / ha of potassium sulfate can be applied before rotary tillage, or rotary tillage and fertilization can be carried out simultaneously.

[0090] 6. Planting

[0091] 6.1 Seeding materials

[0092] Forage oats and peas should be selected from varieties that are adapted to the climatic conditions of the planting area, have strong resistance to lodging, strong stress resistance, and abundant leaves, and have been approved (registered) at the national or provincial level. Select oats and peas seeds of grade three or above, respectively, and follow the requirements of GB6142-2008 and GB 6141-2008. Use seeds from the previous year to improve germination rate and vitality.

[0093] 6.2 Seed drying

[0094] Before sowing, oat and arrowroot pea seeds should be spread out flat in a dry sunny place and aired for 2 to 3 days, turning them over 2 to 3 times during the period.

[0095] 6.3 Seeding method

[0096] Use a stratified fertilizer drill to drill. Separate the triticale and pea seeds during drill sowing, put the oat seeds in the front box, and the pea in the fertilizer box, with a row spacing of 15 to 20 cm. After sowing, press and harrow the land, and the sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm.

[0097] 6.4 Planting period

[0098] The average temperature during sowing should be ≥5℃. The sowing period in agricultural areas below 3000m above sea level should be mid-to-early April, the sowing period in agricultural-pastoral transition areas at an altitude of 3000-3500m should be from late April to mid-to-early May, and the sowing period in pastoral areas at an altitude of 3500-4000m should be from late May to early June.

[0099] 6.5 Seeding rate

[0100] The seed ratio of forage oats and peas is 1:1, the sowing rate of forage oats is 80-100kg / ha, and the sowing rate of peas is converted according to formula b.1, which is 48-60kg / ha.

[0101] Calculate the sowing rate of arrowroot pea according to formula (b.1):

[0102]

[0103] Where: W L W represents the sowing rate of arrow pea, kg / ha; G Indicates the sowing rate of forage oats, kg / ha; K L Indicates the weight of 1,000 peas, g; K G Indicates the thousand-grain weight of feeding oats, g.

[0104] 7. Field Management

[0105] 7.1 Irrigation

[0106] In areas with irrigation conditions, irrigate 1 to 2 times from the tillering stage to the heading stage of oats.

[0107] 7.2 Weeding

[0108] Manual weeding was performed once during the tillering stage of oats.

[0109] 7.3 Harvest

[0110] Harvest oats during the milky stage.

[0111] Example 2 Results of the experiment on reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and increasing yield and efficiency in mixed cropping of beans and grass

[0112] On April 25, 2022, a field plot experiment of mixed planting of peas and oats was arranged at Muguitan, Guinan County, Qinghai Province, to evaluate the potential of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, increasing yield and increasing efficiency in mixed planting of beans and grass in the agricultural and pastoral transition zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The experiment selected Ximu 324 peas and Qingyan 1 oats as the test forage varieties. The experiment adopted a two-factor randomized block experimental design. The matching factor was the planting method, including pea monoculture, oat monoculture and mixed planting of the two; the experimental factor was the nitrogen application amount, and the fertilization gradient was 0, 25, 75, 150 and 250 kgN / ha, respectively. The experiment set up 3 blocks with a total of 45 plots. The planting ratio of peas and oats was planted at the same density with a seed number of 1:1, and the mixed planting method of peas and oats was planted in different rows with a row spacing of 15 cm. In 2021, 1500 kg / ha of high-quality decomposed manure was applied in combination with autumn tillage. Before sowing in 2022, 85 kg / ha of superphosphate and 25 kg / ha of potassium sulfate were applied, followed by rotary tillage. On October 1, indicators such as forage biological yield and plant N content were measured, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the yield increase rate, land use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits of mixed bean and grass forage. Table 1 lists the comparison of biological yield, yield increase rate, land use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits of mixed bean and grass forage under different nitrogen application rates.

[0113] Table 1 Comparison of forage biological yield, yield increase rate, land use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits under different nitrogen application rates in bean and grass mixed planting patterns

[0114]

[0115] As shown in Table 1, there was no significant difference in biological yield, yield increase rate, land equivalent ratio, net profit and output-input ratio between the mixed planting of pea and oat in the treatments of nitrogen application of 25 and 75 kgN / ha, but it was significantly higher than other nitrogen application treatments. For nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, the maximum value was reached in the treatment of nitrogen application of 25 kg N / ha, which was significantly higher than other nitrogen application treatments. Considering the comprehensive effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on biological yield, yield increase rate, land use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits of mixed planting of pea and oat, the optimal nitrogen application rate for mixed planting of pea and oat in the high-altitude agricultural and pastoral areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was 25 kgN / ha, which achieved the ultimate goal of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, increasing production and increasing efficiency in mixed planting of beans and grass in high-altitude agricultural and pastoral areas.

Claims

1. A method for mixed planting of peas and oats in high-cold agricultural and pastoral areas, characterized in that: It includes the following: (1) Select areas with an altitude of 2500-4000m, accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ from May to August reaching 1000℃ or above, annual average temperature above 0.2℃, and land with neutral or alkaline soil; (2) Cleaning and preparing the land, tilling in autumn and turning in spring, and sowing forage oats and arrow peas in rows; (3) In the seedling stage, apply a small amount of ammonium sulfate as base fertilizer; in the middle growth period of forage grass, apply a small amount of urea as topdressing fertilizer; after flowering, no chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied; (4) Field management: harvest oats at the milky stage; In step (3), the following method is used to evaluate the fertilization effect and thus determine the fertilization situation: A. Forage yield increase rate The difference in forage biomass yield between treatments with nitrogen fertilizer and treatments without nitrogen fertilizer is expressed as a percentage of the yield of treatments without nitrogen fertilizer. The yield increase rate (YGR) is expressed as a percentage (%) and is calculated according to formula (a.1): Where Y N represents the biomass yield of forage treated with nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; Y0 represents the biomass yield of forage treated without nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; B. Land equivalent ratio The sum of the ratios of the biomass yield of leguminous and gramineous grasses when they are mixed and their biomass yield when they are planted alone; the land equivalent ratio (LER) is calculated according to formula (a.2) In the formula, YL M and Y.L. M Respectively represent the biomass yield of leguminous forage mixed cropping and monocropping, Mg / ha; YG M and YG M They represent the biomass yield of grass-forage mixed cropping and monocropping, Mg / ha; C. Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency The nitrogen utilization efficiency NUE, which is the amount of nitrogen absorbed by grass per unit of nitrogen application, is calculated in % according to formula (a.3). In the formula, YN N The nitrogen absorption of forage grass in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application, kg / ha; YN0 represents the nitrogen absorption of forage grass in the treatment of no nitrogen fertilizer application, kg / ha; N represents the nitrogen application rate, kg / ha; D. Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer The increase in forage biomass per unit of nitrogen application, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, ANUE, is expressed in kg / kg N and is calculated according to formula (a.3): Where Y N represents the biomass yield of forage treated with nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; Y0 represents the biomass yield of forage treated without nitrogen fertilizer, Mg / ha; N represents the nitrogen application rate, kg / ha; E. Economic Benefits The difference between the forage output value and the input cost. A positive value indicates economic benefits. The larger the amount, the more profit. Net profit NP, in units of 10,000 yuan / ha, is calculated according to formula (a.5). Return on investment (ROI), also known as the ratio of input to output, is calculated according to formula (a.6). NP=OI(a.5) Where: O represents output value, yuan / ha; I represents input cost, yuan / ha.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before sowing, spread the seeds flat in a dry sunny place and dry them in the sun for 2 to 3 days, turning them over 2 to 3 times during the period.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When sowing in rows, separate the oat seeds and the pea seeds, put the oat seeds in the front box, and the pea seeds in the fertilizer box. The row spacing is 15 to 20 cm. After sowing, press and harrow the land, and the sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average temperature during sowing should be ≥5℃.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing period in agricultural areas below 3000m above sea level is mid-to-early April, the sowing period in the agricultural-pastoral transition zone at an altitude of 3000-3500m is from late April to mid-to-early May, and the sowing period in pastoral areas at an altitude of 3500-4000m is from late May to early June.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing rate of forage oats is 80-100 kg / ha, and the sowing rate of arrow peas is calculated by the following formula: Where: W L W represents the sowing rate of arrow pea, kg / ha; G Indicates the sowing rate of forage oats, kg / ha; K L Indicates the weight of 1,000 peas, g; K G Indicates the thousand-grain weight of feeding oats, g.

7. The planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sowing rate of arrow pea is 48-60kg / ha.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of nitrogen base fertilizer and topdressing is 5:5; 10-15kg / ha of ammonium sulfate is used as base fertilizer and applied into the field in combination with rotary tillage; 10-15kg / ha of urea is applied into the field as topdressing.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Autumn plowing and spring rotary plowing, that is, timely autumn plowing after the previous year's harvest, plowing operations, the plowing depth is 20 to 25cm; rotary plowing is carried out during the spring thaw, the plowing depth is 15 to 20cm, and after rotary plowing, the land is harrowed and leveled for sowing.

10. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Combined with autumn tillage, apply 1500-3000kg / ha of high-quality decomposed manure; before spring rotary tillage, apply 80-100kg / ha of superphosphate and 20-30kg / ha of potassium sulfate, or carry out rotary tillage and fertilization simultaneously.

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