Reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises: an aluminum-nickel matrix alloy comprising Al, Ni, Ti, Zr, and Cu; the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy comprises Al, Ni and Zr; nano aluminum oxide and nano nickel powder; a rare earth reinforcing material comprising Sc and Er. The method comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out mechanical alloying on a part of an aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy, a part of a rare earth reinforced material and a part of an aluminum-nickel matrix alloy to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforced body; 2) mixing the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder, and pressing into a blank; (3) aluminum and nickel oxide in the blank are subjected to an aluminothermic reaction, and nanometer aluminum oxide and nanometer nickel powder are generated; (4) the remaining part of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is melted into aluminum alloy melt, and nanometer aluminum oxide and nanometer nickel powder are added into the aluminum alloy melt and melted into the aluminum alloy melt; and (5) the molten aluminum alloy obtained in the step (4) is poured into the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, cooling and solidification are conducted, and the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and in particular to a reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials are aluminum-based composite materials with aluminum or aluminum alloy as the matrix, and have excellent properties such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, wear resistance and structural stability through the synergistic strengthening effect of particle reinforcement phase and matrix. Its performance meets the needs of parts with higher requirements, so that it can be widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobile, military and other fields. In the prior art, according to the state of the matrix material and the reinforcement particles when they are coordinated, the preparation method of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials can be divided into liquid casting method and solid powder metallurgy method. Among them, the liquid casting method reduces the fluidity of the matrix due to the presence of the reinforcement phase inside the aluminum-based composite material, and the fluidity and formability are poor during the pouring process, which easily causes shrinkage and low density inside the casting; in the solid powder metallurgy method, there will be an adverse interface reaction between the matrix and the reinforcement phase, resulting in interface peeling problems, resulting in the problem of reduced density and mechanical properties of the composite material. How to solve the above problems existing in the preparation process of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials and better improve the practical performance of the material has always been the goal pursued by researchers.

[0003] In view of the existence of the above problems, it is necessary to develop a reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof that can solve the problems of the existence of a reinforcing phase inside the aluminum-based composite material and the adverse interface reaction between the matrix and the reinforcing phase during the preparation process, and provide excellent mechanical properties, density, and corrosion resistance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems of the presence of a reinforcing phase inside the aluminum-based composite material and adverse interface reactions between the matrix and the reinforcing phase in the preparation process of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the prior art, as well as the problems of poor mechanical properties, density and corrosion resistance of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a reinforced aluminum-based composite material on one hand, wherein the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises:

[0006] Aluminum-nickel matrix alloy containing Al, Ni, Ti, Zr, and Cu;

[0007] Aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy containing Al, Ni and Zr;

[0008] Nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders;

[0009] Rare earth reinforcement material comprising Sc and Er.

[0010] Further, based on the quality of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises:

[0011] 60-80% of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy;

[0012] 20-30% of the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy;

[0013] 3-5% of the nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders;

[0014] 0.5-1% rare earth reinforcement.

[0015] Furthermore, the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy comprises the following components in molar percentage: Al: 30-40%, Ni: 20-30%, Ti: 10-30%, Zr: 10-20%, Cu: 10-20%.

[0016] Furthermore, the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy comprises the following components in molar percentage: Al: 85-50%, Ni: 10%-30%, Zr: 5%-20%.

[0017] Furthermore, the molar ratio of nickel to alumina in the nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders is 5-3:2.

[0018] Furthermore, the molar ratio of Sc to Er in the rare earth reinforcement material is 1:1-2.

[0019] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the method comprising the following steps:

[0020] 1) mechanically alloying the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy, the rare earth reinforcement material and a portion of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement;

[0021] 2) mixing nano-aluminum and nano-nickel oxide powders and pressing them into blanks;

[0022] 3) causing the aluminum and nickel oxide in the blank to undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate the nano aluminum oxide and nano nickel powders;

[0023] 4) melting the remaining portion of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy into an aluminum alloy melt, and adding the nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders into the aluminum alloy melt and melting them;

[0024] 5) pouring the aluminum alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and then cooling and solidifying to obtain the reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0025] Furthermore, the portion of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy in step 1) is 20-30% of the mass of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0026] Furthermore, the aluminothermic reaction in step 3) is carried out in a vacuum heating furnace, and when the pressure in the vacuum heating furnace reaches 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure; and / or the melting in step 4) is carried out in a vacuum casting system, when the pressure in the vacuum casting system reaches 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 2-3×10 5 Pa's pressure.

[0027] Furthermore, the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement obtained in step 1) is placed in a metal copper mold, and in step 5), the aluminum alloy melt is poured into the metal copper mold and cooled and solidified in the metal copper mold. The temperature of the cooling circulating water in the metal copper mold is 5-10°C.

[0028] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention uses nano-alumina particles, nano-nickel powder, aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy, and rare earth reinforcement materials as reinforcements, which not only avoids the problems of internal shrinkage and porosity of the cast body and low density in the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the prior art, but also effectively improves the mechanical properties of the composite material, and significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of the composite material. In the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, an aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy is used as the reinforcement alloy, and its melting point is higher than the melting point of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy, which helps the rapid cooling of the matrix alloy during the casting process and does not affect the amorphous properties of the reinforcement phase. The Ni and Zr elements in the amorphous alloy ensure that the alloy has a higher strength, and work together with the rare earth reinforcement materials containing Sc and Er to ensure the grain refinement and grain boundary strengthening of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material, thereby having a higher corrosion resistance. The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention improves the metallurgical bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix through different processing methods and adding times of the powder, effectively reduces the adverse interface reaction between the reinforcement phase and the matrix during the casting process and the subsequent interface peeling and other problems, improves the stability of the internal structure of the composite material, and significantly improves the overall mechanical properties of the composite material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a microscopic morphology of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material, where the black body is the particle reinforcement phase and the white body is the amorphous matrix material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0032] As described in the background technology, in the preparation process of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the prior art, there are problems such as the presence of a reinforced phase inside the aluminum-based composite material and an adverse interface reaction between the matrix and the reinforced phase. The reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the prior art has problems such as poor mechanical properties, density, and corrosion resistance. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprising:

[0033] Aluminum-nickel matrix alloy containing Al, Ni, Ti, Zr, and Cu;

[0034] Aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy containing Al, Ni and Zr;

[0035] Nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders;

[0036] Rare earth reinforcement material comprising Sc and Er.

[0037] The reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention uses nano-alumina powder, nano-nickel powder, aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy, and rare earth reinforcement material as reinforcement bodies, and its functions are as follows: aluminum and nickel oxide in the blank undergo an aluminum-thermal reaction to generate nano-alumina and nano-nickel powder activated by reaction heat, which are added to the aluminum alloy melt of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy. Due to the addition of the nano-alumina particles and nano-nickel powder activated by reaction heat and the reaction heat thereof, the cluster size retained inside the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy is smaller than the critical crystal nucleus size, and crystal nuclei may be formed during the cooling process. Since the viscosity of the aluminum alloy melt increases rapidly with the decrease in temperature, the growth of the quenched nucleus is restricted, and the crystallization reaction covers the glass transition, forming a crystalline and amorphous blended composite material with the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy, which has a high overall consistency, a metallurgical combination between the reinforcement body and the matrix, and effectively reduces the problems of adverse interface reaction between the reinforcement phase and the matrix during the casting process and subsequent interface peeling. At the same time, since the amorphous alloy is in a metastable state in thermodynamics, the introduction of rare earth reinforcement materials containing Sc and Er in a rapid cooling state will transform it into a crystalline phase with lower energy. The rare earth elements form dispersed phases such as Al3Er, Al3Sc, and AlNiZr to play a precipitation strengthening role. A small amount of this micronucleus structure causes the melt to precipitate an alloy phase. The precipitated alloy phase will significantly strengthen the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy in the amorphous part in terms of type, size, and quantity, improve the stability of the internal structure of the composite material, and significantly improve the overall mechanical properties of the composite material. In addition, the Ni and Zr elements in the amorphous alloy ensure that the alloy has a high strength, and work together with the rare earth reinforcement materials containing Sc and Er to ensure the grain refinement and grain boundary strengthening of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material, thereby having a high corrosion resistance.

[0038] The microstructure of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention is shown in Figure 1 , which shows the particulate reinforcement phase (black body) and amorphous matrix material (white body) in the microstructure.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, based on the quality of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises:

[0040] 60-80% of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy;

[0041] 20-30% of the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy;

[0042] 3-5% of the nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders;

[0043] 0.5-1% rare earth reinforcement.

[0044] The composition ratio of the rare earth reinforcement material, nano-alumina and nano-nickel powder, amorphous alloy and matrix alloy in the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention affects the preparation of the later blended casting body, improves the flowability and forming performance of the molten alloy, and also makes the reinforcement particles evenly distributed in the matrix without large-area agglomeration, thereby avoiding the problems of shrinkage, porosity and low density inside the reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The ratio of each component of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the preferred range of the present invention further improves the mechanical properties, density and corrosion resistance of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy comprises the following components in molar percentage: Al: 30-40%, Ni: 20-30%, Ti: 10-30%, Zr: 10-20%, Cu: 10-20%.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy comprises the following components in molar percentage: Al: 85-50%; Ni: 10%-30%; Zr: 5%-20%.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of nickel to alumina in the nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders is 5-3:2.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Sc to Er in the rare earth reinforcement material is 1:1-2.

[0049] By using the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy composition, the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy composition, the molar ratio of nickel and aluminum oxide, and the molar ratio of Sc to Er in the rare earth reinforcement material within the preferred range of the present invention, it is beneficial to further improve the density, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention.

[0050] Another aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the method comprising the following steps:

[0051] 1) mechanically alloying the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy, the rare earth reinforcement material and a portion of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement;

[0052] 2) mixing nano-aluminum and nano-nickel oxide powders and pressing them into blanks;

[0053] 3) causing the aluminum and nickel oxide in the blank to undergo an aluminothermic reaction to generate the nano-alumina, nano-nickel powder and reaction heat;

[0054] 4) melting the remaining part of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy into an aluminum alloy melt, adding the nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders into the aluminum alloy melt and melting them to obtain a reinforced aluminum-based composite material melt;

[0055] 5) pouring the aluminum alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and then cooling and solidifying it within a certain temperature range to obtain the reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0056] The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention improves the metallurgical bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix through different material processing methods of the powder, effectively reduces the adverse interface reaction between the reinforcement phase and the matrix during the casting process and the subsequent interface peeling and other problems, improves the stability of the internal structure of the composite material, and significantly improves the overall mechanical properties of the composite material.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the portion of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy in step 1) is 20-30% of the mass of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0058] The proportion of a portion of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy in step 1) within the preferred range of the present invention is beneficial to further improve the density, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the aluminothermic reaction in step 3) is carried out in a vacuum heating furnace. When the pressure in the vacuum heating furnace reaches 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to normal pressure.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the melting in step 4) is carried out in a vacuum casting system, and when the pressure in the vacuum casting system reaches 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 2-3×10 5 Pa's pressure.

[0061] In the preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, atmosphere control affects the preparation of the subsequent blended casting body, further improves the flowability and forming properties of the molten alloy, and also makes the reinforcement particles evenly distributed in the matrix without large-area agglomeration, thereby avoiding the problems of shrinkage, porosity and low density inside the reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and further improves the density, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement obtained in step 1) is placed in a metal copper mold, and in step 5), the aluminum alloy melt is poured into the metal copper mold, and cooled and solidified in the metal copper mold, and the temperature of the cooling circulating water in the metal copper mold is 5-10°C. When the cooling rate of the rare earth reinforcement material reaches a certain level (that is, when the mold cooling temperature is 5-10°C), it helps the rare earth reinforcement material to transform into a crystalline phase, which plays a precipitation strengthening role. And by controlling this cooling method, the metallurgical bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix is ​​further improved. Therefore, the above-mentioned preferred cooling method helps to further improve the mechanical properties of the composite material.

[0063] In the method of the present invention, by using a metal copper mold for cooling, the rapid cooling of the matrix alloy during the casting process is further facilitated, the amorphous properties of the reinforcement phase are not affected, and the density, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material are further facilitated to be improved.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing a reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0065] 1) putting an aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy, a rare earth reinforcement material and a portion of an aluminum-nickel matrix alloy (20-30% of the mass of the reinforced aluminum matrix composite material) into a ball mill and sealing it, using a ball-to-material ratio of 10-15:1 and inert gas protection for mechanical alloying, ball milling for 10-15 hours at a rotation speed of ≧300 rpm to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, placing the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement into a metal copper mold, and placing the mold into a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby use;

[0066] 2) Mix nano-aluminum and nano-nickel oxide powders in proportion, stir for 10-25 minutes, and pour into a steel mold; place the steel mold under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0067] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat it in a vacuum heating furnace; the pressure in the vacuum heating furnace is 10 -3MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, and then heating to a temperature of 400-500°C; maintaining the temperature for 30-45 minutes to allow the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder to fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then quickly taking the reaction blank out of the furnace;

[0068] 4) Place the remaining aluminum-nickel matrix alloy into a vortex stirring vacuum casting system, where the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 2-3×10 5 Pa pressure; setting the melting furnace temperature of the vacuum casting system to 700-750°C to melt the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy into a molten liquid, placing the billet obtained in step 3) into the molten liquid, and keeping it warm for 40-60 minutes to melt all the nano powders in the billet, and under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the molten liquid;

[0069] 5) The alloy melt obtained in step 4) is poured into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement in step 1) in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system, the cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 5-10°C, and the mold is filled. This process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0070] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. These embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] 1) 20% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 85 Ni 10 Zr5, 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 20% by mass of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0073] 2) 5% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 10 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0074] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 400°C, and maintaining the temperature for 45 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0075] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 54.5% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5 Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700 ° C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0076] 5) In a vortex stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement body in step 1), the cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 10°C, and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] 1) 25% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 70 Ni 15 Zr 15 , 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 25% by mass of Al 35 Ni 25 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 350 rpm for 12 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0079] 2) 4% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 15 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0080] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 450°C, and maintaining the temperature for 40 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0081] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 45.5% Al 35 Ni 25 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5 Under the pressure state of Pa, the temperature of the melting furnace is set to 720° C. to melt into aluminum alloy melt, and the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt and kept warm for 50 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0082] 5) In a vortex stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement in step 1), the cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 5°C, and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] 1) 25% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 60 Ni 30 Zr 10 , 1% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (their composition ratio is 1:2) and 25% by mass of Al 35 Ni 20 Ti 25 Zr 10 Cu 10The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 15:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 350 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0085] 2) 5% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 20 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0086] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 500°C, and maintaining the temperature for 40 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0087] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 44% Al 35 Ni 20 Ti 25 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 2×10 5 Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700 ° C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0088] 5) In a vortex stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement in step 1), the cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 6°C, and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0089] Example 4

[0090] 1) 30% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 50 Ni 30 Zr 20 , 1% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (their composition ratio is 1:2) and 20% by mass of Al 40 Ni 25 Ti10 Zr 15 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 15:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 400 rpm for 10 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0091] 2) 3% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 25 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0092] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating temperature to 500°C, temperature holding time for 35min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder fully react with each other to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0093] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 46% Al 40 Ni 25 Ti 10 Zr 15 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to a pressure of 2×105Pa, setting the melting furnace temperature to 750°C to melt the aluminum alloy into a molten aluminum alloy, placing the billet in step 3) into the aluminum alloy molten aluminum, and keeping the temperature for 50 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet, and under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel-based alloy molten aluminum;

[0094] In the eddy current stirring vacuum casting system; the alloy melt obtained in step 4) is poured into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement in step 1) and fills the mold. This process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold. The cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 8°C to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0095] Example 5

[0096] The difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of each component of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is outside the preferred range of the present invention.

[0097] 1) 11.5% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 85 Ni 10Zr5, 1.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 30% by mass of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0098] 2) 2% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 10 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0099] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 400°C, and maintaining the temperature for 45 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0100] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 55% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5 Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700 ° C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0101] 5) In a vortex stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement body in step 1), the cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 10°C, and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0102] Example 6

[0103] The difference from Example 1 is that the compositions of the Al-Ni matrix alloy and the Al-Ni amorphous alloy are outside the preferred range of the present invention.

[0104] 1) 20% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 90 Ni7Zr3, 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 20% by mass of Al 50 Ni 15 Ti5Zr5Cu 25 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0105] 2) 5% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 10 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0106] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 400°C, and maintaining the temperature for 45 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0107] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 54.5% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5 Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700 ° C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0108] 5) In a vortex stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement body in step 1), the cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 8° C., and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0109] Example 7

[0110] The difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of aluminum oxide to nickel powder and the ratio of Sc to Er are outside the preferred range of the present invention.

[0111] 1) 20% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 85 Ni 10 Zr5, 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:3) and 20% by mass of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0112] 2) 5% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 7:2), mixed and stirred for 10 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0113] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 400°C, and maintaining the temperature for 45 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0114] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 54.5% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700 ° C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0115] 5) In a vortex stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement in step 1), the cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 5°C, and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0116] Example 8

[0117] The difference from Example 1 is that the proportion of a portion of the aluminum-nickel base alloy in step 1 is outside the preferred range of the present invention.

[0118] 1) 20% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 85 Ni 10 Zr5, 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 40% by mass of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0119] 2) 5% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 10 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0120] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 400°C, and maintaining the temperature for 45 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0121] 4) The remaining mass percentage of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5 Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700 ° C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0122] 5) In a vortex stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement in step 1), the cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 9° C., and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0123] Example 9

[0124] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 4, no nitrogen is added.

[0125] 1) 20% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 85 Ni 10 Zr5, 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 20% by mass of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0126] 2) 5% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 10 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0127] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 400°C, and maintaining the temperature for 45 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0128] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 54.5% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700°C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet, and under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0129] 5) In a vortex stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement body in step 1), the cooling circulating water temperature in the metal copper mold is 7° C., and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0130] Example 10

[0131] The difference from Example 1 is that the cooling in step 5 is not performed in a metal copper mold within a fixed temperature range.

[0132] 1) 20% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 85 Ni 10 Zr5, 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 20% by mass of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in an alumina ceramic mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0133] 2) 5% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 10 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0134] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 400°C, and maintaining the temperature for 45 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0135] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 54.5% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5 Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700 ° C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0136] 5) In a eddy current stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the alumina ceramic mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement in step 1), and filling the alumina ceramic mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0137] Comparative Example 1

[0138] 1) 20% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 85 Ni 10 Zr5, 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 20% by mass of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0139] 2) The remaining mass percentage of 59.5% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system when the vacuum degree is 10-3MPa, and the melting furnace temperature is set to 700°C to melt into aluminum alloy melt.

[0140] 3) In the vortex stirring vacuum casting system, maintain a relative vacuum degree of 10 -2 MPa; pouring the molten alloy liquid of step 2) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement of step 1), and filling the mold, stirring with electromagnetic eddy current for 15 minutes, and closing the device; cooling and solidifying in the metal copper mold to form an amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0141] Comparative Example 2

[0142] 1) 3% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 25 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0143] 2) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating temperature to 500°C, temperature holding time for 35min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder fully react with each other to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0144] 3) 97% by mass of Al 35 Ni 20 Ti 25 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 2×10 5 Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 750 ℃ ​​to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 2) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt and kept warm for 50 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet, and under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt to form a nano-reinforced aluminum alloy composite material.

[0145] Comparative Example 3

[0146] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 1, no aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy is added.

[0147] 1) Mix 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 40% by mass of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a rotation speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain a rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0148] 2) 5% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 10 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0149] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 400°C, and maintaining the temperature for 45 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0150] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 54.5% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5 Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700 ° C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0151] 5) In a eddy current stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth alloy reinforcement in step 1) and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0152] Comparative Example 4

[0153] The difference from Example 1 is that the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is not divided into two parts, but all of it is added in step 4.

[0154] 1) 20% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 85 Ni 10Zr5, 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) are placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0155] 2) 5% by mass of nano-aluminum powder and nano-nickel oxide powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2), mixed and stirred for 10 minutes, and poured into a square steel mold; the mold was placed under a press to press the mixed powder into a square billet;

[0156] 3) Place the square billet into a boron nitride crucible and heat in a vacuum furnace for 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure, heating to 400°C, and maintaining the temperature for 45 min, so that the nano-aluminum powder and the nano-nickel oxide powder can fully undergo aluminothermic reaction to generate nano-aluminum oxide particles and nano-nickel powder, and then the reaction blank is quickly taken out of the furnace;

[0157] 4) The remaining mass percentage of 74.5% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5 Pa pressure state, the melting furnace temperature is set to 700 ° C to melt into aluminum alloy melt, the billet in step 3) is placed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano powder in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano alumina particles and nano nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel based alloy melt;

[0158] 5) In a eddy current stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement in step 1) and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0159] Comparative Example 5

[0160] The difference from Example 1 is that the aluminothermic reaction of aluminum and nickel oxide is not performed but the ready-made nano aluminum oxide and nano nickel powders are directly used.

[0161] 1) 20% by mass of aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy Al 85 Ni 10Zr5, 0.5% by mass of rare earth scandium powder and rare earth erbium powder (the molar ratio is 1:1) and 20% by mass of Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is placed in a ball mill and sealed, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and mechanical alloying is performed under inert gas protection, and ball milling is performed at a speed of 300 rpm for 15 hours to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement is placed in a metal copper mold, and the mold is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system for standby;

[0162] 2) The remaining mass percentage of 54.5% Al 40 Ni 20 Ti 20 Zr 10 Cu 10 The aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a vortex stirring vacuum casting system and the vacuum degree is 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 3×10 5 Under the pressure state of 200 Pa, the temperature of the melting furnace is set to 700°C to melt the aluminum alloy into a molten aluminum alloy, and 5% by mass of nano-alumina and nano-nickel powder (the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 3:2) are put into the aluminum alloy molten aluminum alloy, and the temperature is kept for 40 minutes to melt all the nano-powders in the billet. Under the action of electromagnetic stirring, the nano-alumina particles and nano-nickel powder are evenly distributed in the aluminum-nickel-based alloy molten aluminum alloy;

[0163] 3) In a eddy current stirring vacuum casting system; pouring the alloy melt obtained in step 2) into the metal copper mold of the mixed rare earth amorphous alloy reinforcement in step 1) and filling the mold, this process uses electromagnetic eddy current stirring until the metal is cooled and solidified in the copper mold to form a nano-amorphous reinforced rare earth aluminum alloy composite material.

[0164] Performance Testing

[0165] Corrosion performance test: Experimental parameters: The corrosion liquid is 10g / L NaCl aqueous solution, the auxiliary electrode is a platinum electrode, the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, and the scanning speed is 0.002v / s. The polarization curve is measured by the dynamic potential scanning method, and the self-corrosion current density and corrosion rate are obtained by using the Tafel extrapolation method in the analysis software of the electrochemical workstation; Structural dimensions: The grain size and grain boundary structure of the alloy are microscopically measured and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope; Mechanical properties: The tensile strength and fracture toughness are tested using a universal testing machine.

[0166] Table 1 Comparative analysis data of performance test

[0167]

[0168] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0169] By comparing Examples 1-10 with Comparative Examples 1-5, it can be seen that the reinforced aluminum-based composite material and the preparation method thereof of the present invention achieve improved corrosion resistance, material density and mechanical properties. Among them, the reinforced aluminum-based composite material that does not contain aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy, nano-alumina and nano-nickel powder, or rare earth reinforcement materials containing Sc and Er cannot achieve improved corrosion resistance, material density and mechanical properties. In addition, in the preparation method, the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy is not divided into two parts, or the aluminum-thermal reaction of aluminum and nickel oxide is not performed, but the ready-made nano-alumina and nano-nickel powder are directly used, which cannot achieve improved corrosion resistance, material density and mechanical properties.

[0170] In addition, by comparing Examples 1-4 with Examples 5-8, it can be seen that by using the reinforced aluminum-based composite material composition, aluminum-nickel matrix alloy composition, aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy composition, nickel and aluminum oxide molar ratio, and rare earth reinforcement material Sc and Er molar ratio within the preferred range of the present invention, it is beneficial to further improve the compactness, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention. By comparing Examples 1-4 with Examples 9-10, it can be seen that by using the preferred atmosphere control and cooling method of the present invention, it is beneficial to further improve the compactness, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention.

[0171] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those described herein, for example.

[0172] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, It is characterized in that The reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises: Aluminum-nickel matrix alloy containing Al, Ni, Ti, Zr, and Cu; Aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy containing Al, Ni and Zr; Nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders; Rare earth reinforcement material comprising Sc and Er.

2. The reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Based on the quality of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises: 60-80% of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy; 20-30% of the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy; 3-5% of the nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders; 0.5-1% rare earth reinforcement.

3. The reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The aluminum-nickel matrix alloy comprises the following components in molar percentage: Al: 30-40%, Ni: 20-30%, Ti: 10-30%, Zr: 10-20%, Cu: 10-20%.

4. The reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy comprises the following components by mole percentage: Al: 85-50%, Ni: 10%-30%, Zr: 5%-20%.

5. The reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The molar ratio of nickel to aluminum oxide in the nano aluminum oxide and nano nickel powder is 5-3:

2.

6. The reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The molar ratio of Sc to Er in the rare earth reinforcement material is 1:1-2.

7. A method for preparing the reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, It is characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: 1) mechanically alloying the aluminum-nickel amorphous alloy, the rare earth reinforcement material and a portion of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy to obtain an amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement; 2) mixing nano-aluminum and nano-nickel oxide powders and pressing them into blanks; 3) causing the aluminum and nickel oxide in the blank to undergo an aluminothermic reaction to generate the nano aluminum oxide and nano nickel powders; 4) melting the remaining portion of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy into an aluminum alloy melt, and adding the nano-alumina and nano-nickel powders into the aluminum alloy melt and melting them; 5) pouring the aluminum alloy melt obtained in step 4) into the amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement, and then cooling and solidifying to obtain the reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

8. The method according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The portion of the aluminum-nickel matrix alloy in step 1) is 20-30% of the mass of the reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

9. The method according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The aluminothermic reaction in step 3) is carried out in a vacuum heating furnace. When the pressure in the vacuum heating furnace reaches 10 -3 MPa, adding nitrogen to normal pressure; and / or the melting in step 4) is carried out in a vacuum casting system, when the pressure in the vacuum casting system reaches 10 -3 MPa, add nitrogen to 2-3×10 5 Pa's pressure.

10. The method according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The amorphous rare earth alloy reinforcement obtained in step 1) is placed in a metal copper mold, and in step 5), the aluminum alloy melt is poured into the metal copper mold and cooled and solidified in the metal copper mold. The temperature of the cooling circulating water in the metal copper mold is 5-10°C.

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