Method for artificially cultivating moss crust in Colexin sandy land

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating moss crust in a Coilin sandy land, which comprises the following steps: collecting moss crust layers, drying the moss crust layers in the shade, crushing the moss crust layers into moss crust seed sources, and artificially cultivating the moss crust seed sources, litters and sandy soil according to a certain planting and adding mode. According to the method, a technical method is provided for cultivation of artificial moss crust in the Colexin sand land, cultivation of the moss crust is accelerated, the method is green and environment-friendly, meanwhile, different aspects of growth of the moss crust are promoted through different cultivation modes, and the method is suitable for popularization and application in the field of cultivation of artificial moss crust in the Colexin sand land. The invention discloses optimal cultivation modes for respectively promoting coverage, plant height and crust dry weight, and the optimal cultivation modes can be selected according to different requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and in particular relates to a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land. Background Art

[0002] Biological soil crust (BSC) is an important component of arid and semi-arid surface landscapes, accounting for about 70% of the global arid land surface area coverage. In my country, it is mainly distributed in the northwest arid area. It is a thin mat-like organic topsoil layer (a community composed of mosses, soil surface microorganisms and non-vascular plants) formed by the mutual cementation of soil surface microorganisms and soil particles under a water-deficient environment. It is known as the "environmental engineer" of global arid lands due to its unique ecological function. Moss crust is the highest succession stage of biological crust. As a pioneer species, moss crust has differentiated morphological characteristics such as stems, leaves and rhizomes, stronger photosynthesis and asexual reproduction capabilities, and more comprehensive ecological functions than algae and lichen crusts. Therefore, moss crust is the key research object of biological crust. Studies have shown that moss crust can not only strengthen sand surface fixation, reduce soil wind erosion, and improve soil physical and chemical properties by enhancing the cohesion between soil particles, but also increase soil organic matter content and soil microbial activity. Moss crusts have become a key link in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems in arid areas due to their unique stress resistance. However, under natural conditions, their growth and development are restricted by a variety of natural and human factors, which causes the proliferation of moss crusts to be very slow, thus affecting their ecological functions. Therefore, exploring the artificial rapid cultivation technology of moss crusts is of great practical significance for accelerating the ecological restoration of biological crusts.

[0003] At present, the research on artificial cultivation technology of moss crusts in arid areas by scholars in different fields is mostly concentrated in Northwest my country. For example, Yang Yanzhe et al.'s study on the field artificial cultivation technology of moss crusts in the Maowusu Sandland showed that improving the cultivation environment conditions in arid areas is feasible for promoting the growth and development of moss crusts; Li Chenhui et al. conducted a field rapid cultivation experiment on moss crusts in the interlaced area of ​​water erosion and wind erosion, and found that artificial control of the planting time, soil type, and application of nutrient solution will affect the formation and development of moss crusts; Chinese invention patent CN104380959A discloses a rapid cultivation method for moss crusts on the Loess Plateau, including selecting well-developed moss crusts under natural conditions in the wild, with native tooth mosses as the dominant species, shoveling the surface crust with a thickness of 10mm for standby use; drying the collected moss crusts in the shade to remove debris, crushing them with a plant crusher, and fully stirring and mixing them to make a moss crust seed source; the prepared moss crust seed source is inoculated at an inoculation rate of 700g / m 2, evenly spread on the exposed loess soil surface; under the conditions of an artificial climate chamber, cultivate for 40 days. By investigating and analyzing different combinations of soil surface moisture content, light intensity and inoculation amount, this method found that soil surface moisture content is the most important factor affecting the rapid reproduction of moss crusts, providing a method for the artificial cultivation of moss crusts in the wild on the Loess Plateau.

[0004] Due to the different biological characteristics of different types of moss crusts, they will show different adaptation characteristics when they are in different climatic zones. The Horqin Sandy Land is located in the northeast of my country. In order to promote the rapid propagation of moss crusts in this area, it is urgent to provide an artificial moss cultivation method suitable for this area. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land, which is used to solve the problem of slow growth of moss crusts in Horqin sandy land in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0007] A method for artificially cultivating moss crust in Horqin sandy land comprises collecting and drying a moss crust layer, crushing the layer to prepare a moss crust provenance; laying the moss crust provenance, litter, and sandy soil into a multi-layer soil structure, or directly mixing the moss crust provenance, litter, and sandy soil to form a matrix mixture, followed by artificial cultivation, and watering and light transmission during the cultivation period.

[0008] Preferably, the conditions for artificial cultivation include an air temperature of 25 to 36° C., an air humidity of 26 to 84% RH, a light intensity of 0 to 27412 Lux, and a CO2 concentration of 390 to 452 ppm.

[0009] The artificial cultivation includes: 10 days before cultivation is the germination period of moss seeds, and the cultivation conditions include: no light transmission and no watering; the watering frequency is maintained once every 3 days, and the watering amount is 1.1 mL / cm 2 , to keep its surface moist; after 10 days of cultivation, watering frequency should be maintained every 3 to 15 days, and the watering amount should be 0.6 to 1.25 mL / cm 2 ; Light transmittance 40%~100%.

[0010] Preferably, in the multi-layer soil structure, the moss crust source layer is laid on the topmost layer; from top to bottom, it is crust seed soil-litter-sandy soil; or, from top to bottom, it is crust seed soil-sandy soil-litter; the multi-layer soil structure can enhance the adhesion of moss seeds and the water retention of the moss crust source layer, thereby increasing the internal cohesion of the moss crust source layer, so that the moss crust source layer forms a dense and stable structure.

[0011] Preferably, the moss crust provenance is prepared by drying the collected moss crust layer in the shade, crushing it, filtering it with a 0.1 mm pore size soil sieve, and stirring it evenly; preferably, before collecting, impurities attached to the crust surface are removed and the surface is moistened to obtain the moss crust layer;

[0012] Preferably, the collection of the moss crust layer includes selecting well-developed moss crust samples, wherein the moss types are mainly dominated by Bryum argenteum and Bryum kunzei of the Bryaceae family, and Didymodon vinealis and Crossidium crassinerviume are associated species.

[0013] Preferably, the moss crust layer is fully crushed and dried before use.

[0014] Preferably, the coverage rate of the moss crust is about 80%, and the average thickness is 8.32±0.38 mm.

[0015] Preferably, the litter is at least one of corn stalks, wood chips, biochar, and organic fertilizer; more preferably, the organic fertilizer is obtained by mixed fermentation of cow dung, sheep dung, and corn stalks.

[0016] Preferably, the sandy soil comprises sandy soil collected from the soil layer 50 cm below the surface of the pine forest in Qinglongshan Town, Naiman Banner and then filtered through a soil sieve with an aperture of 80 meshes.

[0017] Preferably, the indoor potting method further comprises laying a nylon base at the bottom of the seedling pot, laying a water-holding layer on the nylon base, and finally laying the matrix on the surface of the water-holding layer.

[0018] Preferably, the water-holding layer is a sand layer, and the water-holding capacity and air permeability of the base layer are maintained by isolating the nylon base layer and the base layer.

[0019] Preferably, the multi-layer soil structure includes the moss crust provenance layer, the fallen material layer, and the sandy soil layer from top to bottom; wherein the addition amount of the crust provenance layer is 0.03-0.2 g / cm 2 , the litter 0~200g / m 2 ; Sandy soil 0~0.3g / cm 2 The litter is wood chips and / or organic fertilizer and / or corn stalk chips; the artificial cultivation method includes: watering frequency is maintained at once every 5 to 15 days and light transmittance is 55 to 70%.

[0020] As one of the preferred embodiments, the multi-layer soil structure includes the moss crust provenance material-sandy soil-fallen material from top to bottom; wherein the moss crust provenance material is 0.03-0.2 g / cm 2 , the litter 0~200g / m 2 , Sandy soil 0~0.3g / cm 2 ; The fallen leaves are organic fertilizer; the artificial cultivation method includes: watering frequency is maintained once every 5 days and light transmittance is 70%.

[0021] As one of the preferred embodiments, the multi-layer soil structure includes the moss crust provenance-falling material-sandy soil from top to bottom; wherein the moss crust provenance is 0.2g / cm 2 , the litter 160g / m 2 , sandy soil 0.2g / cm 2 ; The fallen leaves are organic fertilizer; the artificial cultivation method includes: watering frequency is maintained once every 5 days and light transmittance is 100%.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The technical solution of the present invention provides an artificial cultivation method for moss crusts in Horqin sandy land, which is green and environmentally friendly, can quickly cultivate dominant moss crusts adapted to Horqin sandy land, and improve the ecological environment.

[0024] 2. By adopting the technical scheme of the present application, through different artificial cultivation combinations and combined with specific cultivation conditions, the moss crust coverage, plant height, and cortex dry weight are promoted respectively, enriching the artificial cultivation methods of moss crusts in Horqin sandy land, and different cultivation methods can be selected according to different cultivation purposes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of moss coverage of various cultivation combinations during the cultivation period of Examples 1-25 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a comparison chart of moss coverage of various cultivation combinations at the end of cultivation in Examples 1-25 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3It is a comparison chart of the coverage of Example 25 of the present invention at the 15th day (A), 45th day (B), 75th day (C), and 115th day (D) of the cultivation period.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a comparison chart of the coverage of bare sand cultivation in comparative example 1 of the present invention at the 15th day (E), 45th day (F), 75th day (G), and 115th day (H) of the cultivation period.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a comparison chart of the moss plant heights of various cultivation combinations at the end of the cultivation period of Examples 1-25 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a comparison chart of the dry weight of the moss cortex of each cultivation combination at the end of the cultivation period of Examples 1-25 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be more fully understood through the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are only exemplary of the present invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, the specific functional details disclosed herein should not be interpreted as limiting, but only as the basis of the claims and as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to adopt the present invention in different ways in virtually any appropriate detailed embodiment.

[0033] The cultivation site in the present invention is located in the intelligent greenhouse of the Naiman Desertification Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Naiman Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (120°41′E, 42°55'N; 357.9m above sea level). The research station is located on the southern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land, belonging to the temperate semi-arid continental monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of 3 to 7°C, an average annual rainfall of about 349 to 501mm, of which 80% of precipitation is concentrated in summer, an annual evaporation of 1540 to 2540.4mm, an annual sunshine time of about 2830 to 3121h, and 20 to 60d of strong wind days. The landform features are mainly uneven dunes and relatively gentle meadows interlaced, and the soil types are mostly sandy soil, meadow soil, sandy chestnut soil, etc. The establishment of plant communities is conducive to fixing the sand layer, which in turn provides fine-grained materials and increased litter for moss crusts. Therefore, the distribution of moss crusts is significantly affected by vegetation in a regional manner (concentrated in patchy sparse vegetation). The natural plant community is dominated by mesophilic plants, and the main distributed plant species are Pennisetum centrasiaticum, Setaria viridis, Aristida adscensionis, etc. Artificial vegetation is mostly Caragana icrophylla, Populus simonii carr, Pinus sylvestris, etc.

[0034] The seedling tray is used for artificial cultivation. The seedling tray is detachable and consists of an upper dense tray and a lower water storage tray (32.5 cm long; 24.5 cm wide; 4.5 cm high tray; 2 cm high dense tray). The pores at the bottom of the dense tray are much larger than the diameter of the sand. To prevent the dense tray from leaking sand, a 200-mesh nylon cloth is laid on the dense tray, which also reduces the interference of the seed bank in the soil on the growth of moss crust. To prevent the excess nylon cloth on the edge from contacting the air and the ground, causing the substrate to lose water, the part of the nylon cloth that is higher than the dense tray is cut off.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] This embodiment provides a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Well-developed moss crust samples were collected in the closed-off area near the research station (the target collection area was the moss crust coverage greater than 78%), with an average thickness of 8.39±0.52mm (n=9). The moss types mainly included the Bryaceae and the True Bryaceae, and the dominant species was the native double-toothed moss (Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) Zander.). Before collecting the moss crust, use a soft fine-bristled brush to gently sweep away the floating sand and other impurities attached to the surface of the crust visible to the naked eye, then moisten the surface of the crust with a small amount of water mist (for easy collection), and use a small flat shovel to scoop up a 9-16mm thick crust layer. The collected moss crust provenance was dried in the shade and ground into fine soil with a plant crusher, filtered with a 0.1mm pore size soil sieve (the diameter of the moss stems and leaves after crushing is much larger than 0.1mm, and the impurity removal process will not leak), and fully stirred to make the moss crust provenance. Sandy soil was collected from the pine forest near Qinglongshan Town, Naiman Banner. The soil layer 50 cm below the surface was selected and filtered through an 80-mesh soil sieve before adding. Organic fertilizer was obtained from the fully fermented powdered organic fertilizer at the research station. The main ingredients were cow dung, sheep dung, and corn stalks, mixed in any proportion. All the above materials were dried in the artificial cultivation room for later use.

[0038] The seedling tray is selected for cultivation. The seedling tray consists of an upper dense tray and a lower water storage tray (length 32.5cm; width 24.5cm; tray height 4.5cm; dense tray height 2cm). The pores at the bottom of the dense tray are much larger than the diameter of the sand. To prevent the dense tray from leaking sand, a 200-mesh nylon cloth is laid on the dense tray, which also reduces the interference of the seed bank in the soil on the growth of moss crust. To prevent the excess nylon cloth on the edge from contacting the air and the ground, causing the substrate to lose water, the part of the nylon cloth that is higher than the dense tray is cut off, and a sand layer with a thickness of 1cm is placed on the nylon cloth.

[0039] The prepared moss crust provenance, sandy soil, and litter (organic fertilizer) were evenly spread on the surface of the sand layer on the nylon cloth, including 0g of moss crust provenance and 250g of sandy soil. The planting addition method was the upper layer of crust seed soil, the middle layer of organic fertilizer, and the lower layer of sandy soil. The addition amount of organic fertilizer was 160g / m 2 .

[0040] In order to promote the germination of moss seeds, no light was allowed to penetrate and no water was applied during the first 10 days of cultivation. 900 mL of water was added to the water storage tray every 3 days to keep its surface moist.

[0041] After 10 days, the watering frequency was maintained at 15 days / time and the light transmittance was 70% (shade nets with different light transmittances were placed 45 cm away from the surface of the moss crust to control the light intensity on the moss crust).

[0042] During the cultivation period, the moss crust coverage was continuously measured at intervals of 15 days, and the moss plant height and crust dry weight were measured at the end of the cultivation period. The cultivation period was 115 days. During the cultivation period, the greenhouse intelligent control was used to keep the indoor air temperature between 25 and 36°C; the air humidity between 26 and 84%RH; the soil temperature between 9 and 31°C; the soil humidity between 7.5 and 11%RH; the light intensity between 0 and 27412Lux; the CO2 concentration between 390 and 552PPM; and the average wind speed around 0.7m / s.

[0043] Example 2-25

[0044] The difference between Examples 2-25 and Example 1 lies in the difference in the cultivation combination, that is, the addition amount of moss crust provenance, litter type, sandy soil amount, watering frequency, light transmittance, and planting addition method (the order of adding moss crust provenance, litter, and sandy soil). The other conditions are consistent with Example 1. Specifically, the combination of artificial cultivation conditions and cultivation methods of Examples 1-25 is shown in Table 1, where the addition amount of litter is 160 g / m 2 .

[0045] Table 1 Comparison of cultivation combinations of Examples 1-25

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] (In the table: crust soil, litter soil, and soil are upper crust soil, middle litter, lower sandy soil, and so on.)

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] Bare sand and undisturbed crust were used as comparative example 1.

[0051] Method for determination of moss crust coverage

[0052] The coverage of moss crust was measured by the pixel ratio method (the percentage of moss plant pixels to the total number of pixels represented the coverage), and the photos were taken with an intelligent digital camera (Sony P93, 14 million pixels). Noon with sufficient light was selected, and the photos were taken at a vertical distance of 1m downward. The surface of the crust was moistened with water mist before taking pictures (to increase the green depth of the moss), and other trace green plants on the surface of the moss crust were cut off. At the same time, a parasol was used to block the sunlight around the camera to prevent local shadows caused by the angle of sunlight. The obtained pictures were analyzed with Adobe Photoshop 7.0.

[0053] At the end of the cultivation period, 5 fresh crust layer blocks were taken from the seedling tray using a circular knife (inner diameter 5 cm) by five-point sampling method (the inner wall of the circular knife was slightly moistened with water mist before each sampling to facilitate the removal of complete blocks). Five points were evenly selected on the edge of the block, and the height of the moss plant was measured using an electronic vernier caliper (resolution 0.1 mm). After the blocks were fully dried, the dry weight of the blocks was weighed using an electronic balance (accuracy 0.01 g). Each cultivation combination was repeated 5 times.

[0054] Data analysis

[0055] The data were collated using Microsoft Office Excel 2013, and the charts were made using Origin 2018. The statistical analysis software SPSS26.0 for Windows was used to perform variance analysis and range analysis on the indicators of different treatments. The significant differences were analyzed using the LSD method (α = 0.05), and the influence of different factors on the growth characteristics of moss crusts and the optimal cultivation combination were compared using intuitive analysis methods.

[0056] See also Figure 1 , is a comparison chart of moss coverage of each cultivation combination during the cultivation period of Examples 1-25 of the present invention. In the cultivation period of 115 days, the coverage of 25 groups of moss crusts with different ratios showed an upward trend, but the increase rate of each group was different. The average coverage of Examples 11, 20, 23, and 25 was always higher than that of other Examples; the average coverage of Examples 7, 10, and 22 increased slightly in the early stage of cultivation, gradually increased in the middle stage of cultivation, and the average coverage at the end of cultivation could reach a higher level during the same period.

[0057] See also Figure 2 , which is a comparison chart of moss cover of each cultivation combination at the end of cultivation of Examples 1-25 of the present invention. Multiple comparisons show that the average cover of Examples 7, 11, 20, 23, and 25 at the end of cultivation is significantly higher than that of other Examples (P<0.05). The average cover of Example 25 at the end of cultivation is the largest among the groups (about 96%); see Figure 3 , which are comparison diagrams of the coverage of Example 25 of the present invention at the 15th day (A), 45th day (B), 75th day (C), and 115th day (D) of the cultivation period.

[0058] Figure 4 It is a comparison chart of the coverage of bare sand cultivation in comparative example 1 of the present invention at the 15th day (E), 45th day (F), 75th day (G), and 115th day (H) of the cultivation period, respectively. Only a trace amount of bacterial plaque is generated without moss crust.

[0059] The results of variance analysis showed that the amount of crust seed soil had a significant effect on the coverage of moss crust (F=211.62, P<0.01), and other factors had no significant effect on the coverage. The results of range analysis are shown in Table 2 (in the table, T represents the range of cross-test range analysis, K value represents the sum of experimental data Y at each level of each factor; K1, K2, K3...represent the sum of indicators at each level of each factor).

[0060] The range T of each factor shows: TF>TA>TD=TB>TC>TE, indicating that the biggest factor affecting the moss crust cover in cultivation is the planting addition method, followed by the amount of crust seed soil, watering frequency, litter type, sandy soil amount, and light transmittance. In terms of promoting cover, the optimal cultivation combination is 150g crust seed soil, organic fertilizer, 150g sandy soil, watering frequency 5d / time, light transmittance 100%, and the planting addition method is upper crust seed soil, middle litter, and lower sandy soil.

[0061] Table 2 Analysis of the range of moss crust coverage at the end of cultivation

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] See also Figure 5 , which is a comparison chart of the moss plant height of each cultivation combination at the end of the cultivation period of Examples 1-25 of the present invention. The average plant height of the mosses under the cultivation combinations in different embodiments at the end of the cultivation period is significantly different. The average plant height of Example 20 is the largest (3.38mm), and the average plant height of Example 9 is the smallest (0.88mm). There is no moss crust formation in Examples 1 to 5, and only trace plaque exists. The results of variance analysis are shown in Table 3.

[0065] Table 3 Analysis of the range of moss plant height at the end of cultivation

[0066]

[0067] The results showed that the amount of crusted seed soil had a significant effect on the height of moss plants (F=10.57, P<0.05), and other factors had no significant effect on plant height. By comparing the results of the range analysis, the range T of each factor showed: TB>TD>TA>TC>TE>TF, indicating that the biggest factor affecting the height of moss plants was the type of litter, followed by watering frequency, the amount of crusted seed soil, the amount of sandy soil, light transmittance, and planting addition method. In terms of promoting plant height, the optimal cultivation combination was 90g of crusted seed soil, organic fertilizer, 0g of sandy soil, 5d / time of watering frequency, 70% of light transmittance, and the planting addition method was upper crusted seed soil, middle sandy soil, and lower litter.

[0068] See also Figure 6The following is a comparison chart of the dry weight of the moss cortex of each cultivation combination at the end of the cultivation period of Examples 1-25 of the present invention. The average dry weight of the crust layer in Example 24 is the largest (0.69g), and the average dry weight of the crust layer in Example 7 is the smallest (0.13g). There is no moss crust formation in Examples 1 to 5, and only trace plaque exists. The results of variance analysis are shown in Table 4, which shows that the effects of various factors on the dry weight of the moss crust layer are not significant. By comparing the results of the range analysis, it can be seen that the range T of each factor shows: TB>TC>TD>TE>TA>TF, indicating that the biggest factor affecting the dry weight of the moss crust layer is the type of litter, followed by the amount of sandy soil, watering frequency, light transmittance, the amount of crust seed soil, and the planting addition method. In terms of promoting the dry weight of the crust layer, the optimal cultivation combination is 150g of crust seed soil, biochar, 250g of sandy soil, 5d / time watering frequency, 40% light transmittance, and the planting addition method is litter in the lower layer of sandy soil in the middle of the upper crust seed soil.

[0069] Table 4. Range analysis of dry weight of moss crust at the end of cultivation

[0070]

[0071] In summary, the coverage and dry weight of the crust layer of moss crusts showed an increasing trend with the increase of the amount of crust seed soil applied, indicating that the application of crust seed soil will promote the increase of coverage and dry weight of the crust layer. Moss crust provenance is rich in plant debris and mineral elements such as mosses. The application of crust seed soil will improve the nutrient level of the substrate to a certain extent; the crust seed soil is rich in soil powder particles, and the content of powder particles on the surface of the substrate will increase with the increase of the amount of crust seed soil applied. Powder particles are the material basis and prerequisite for the formation of biological crusts. The higher the content of soil powder particles on the surface of the substrate, the easier it is for biological crusts to form. The amount of crust seed soil applied is positively correlated with the number of moss spores attached to the surface of the substrate. At the end of the cultivation period, the height of the moss plant showed a "low-high-low" trend with the increase of the amount of crust seed soil applied (90g of crust seed soil is the highest value of the corresponding plant height). The possible reason for this result is that the increase in the amount of crust seed soil applied increases the number of moss spores per unit area, although it will greatly promote the propagation rate of moss in the early growth stage. However, it will also increase the competition for nutrients within the moss population, thus affecting the growth height of the moss. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the impact of the amount of crust seed soil on the growth characteristics of the moss crust, and to apply topdressing to the moss crust in a timely manner to promote the overall growth and development of the moss crust.

[0072] The development of moss crust is related to the content of elements such as Mn, Zn, K in the soil. The application of organic fertilizer has a significant effect on optimizing the soil nutrient structure. In the present application, the embodiment of organic fertilizer is selected for use in the litter type, and the moss crust coverage, plant height and crust layer dry weight are all better than the embodiments in which other litters are selected. At the end of cultivation, the soil under the crust layer of different treatments was measured for C and N content respectively. The result showed that the thicker the crust layer, the lower the C and N content of the lower soil, which shows that the development of moss crust is significantly affected by the nutrient level of the substrate. It was shown by measurement before cultivation that the organic matter content in organic fertilizer is significantly higher than that of other litters. Therefore, it can be determined that the application of organic fertilizer is conducive to the breeding of moss crust.

[0073] Water is an important environmental factor for the growth and development of moss crust. The results of this application show that the optimal frequency of watering for moss crust coverage, plant height and dry weight of crust layer is 5d / time. This shows that compared with the watering frequency of 5d / time, both high-frequency and low-frequency watering are not conducive to the growth and development of moss crust. The reason is that, first of all, the moss crust lacks morphological characteristic structures such as vascular tissue and true root system, which causes the moss crust to have poor ability to regulate habitat moisture. Moss propagation mainly relies on plant body fragments to produce protonema, and the branching of protonema then develops into a complete moss. The protonema in the development stage has extremely poor drought resistance, making the moss crust sensitive to changes in environmental moisture. Secondly, under the cultivation climate conditions of this application, 800mL of water is poured into the water storage tray each time, and the water in the tray will be completely consumed in an average of more than 4d. Low-frequency watering will cause intermittent short-term water shortage in the habitat. When there is a lack of water, the moss crust will turn into a dormant state due to the self-protection mechanism, thereby affecting its growth and development process. High-frequency watering will keep the water level in the water storage tray at a high level. The upper dense tray will be immersed in water for a long time, which will reduce the permeability of the substrate, thus affecting the transformation and utilization of substances by the aerobic respiration of the moss crust, and further affecting its reproduction. In addition, high-frequency watering will keep the surface of the moss crust moist, which will greatly increase the invasion of pests and diseases on its growth. Therefore, the appropriate watering frequency is the key to ensure the rapid reproduction of moss crust.

[0074] Biological crusts are composed of shade plants such as mosses and algae. The light intensity required for their growth is much lower than that of higher plants. Excessive light intensity will affect the chlorophyll synthesis process of plants such as mosses. The light intensity has a very significant effect on the coverage of moss crusts. The lower the light intensity, the faster the crust develops. In this application, a shade net with different light transmittances is placed 45 cm from the surface of the moss crust to control the light intensity of the moss crust. The results show that the light transmittance of the shade net has no significant effect on the coverage of moss crusts, plant height and dry weight of the crust layer. Analysis of the reasons: The water content of the crusts placed in different light transmittances during the cultivation period was determined. It was found that the water content of the crusts placed under the same light transmittance was different due to different watering frequencies, and the water content of the crusts under the same watering frequency was also different due to being placed under different light transmittances, but the growth characteristics of the moss crusts with high water content were better. It shows that water has a greater promoting effect on the growth and development of moss crusts than light intensity. At the end of the cultivation period, when a sample plot survey was conducted near the closed-off area where the crusted seed soil was collected, it was also found that under the vegetation canopies with different shading degrees, the moss crust developed better when the soil moisture conditions were good, which may mean that the protective effect of moisture on the moss crust is greater than the damage caused by light intensity.

[0075] Based on the above analysis, it is shown that for moss crust coverage, the optimal planting and addition method is upper crust seed soil-middle litter-lower sandy soil (crust / litter / soilcrust / litter / soil); for moss plant height and crust layer dry weight, the optimal planting and addition method is upper crust seed soil-middle sandy soil-lower litter (crust / soil / litter). The reason may be that: since the increase in moss crust coverage mainly reflects the moss propagation ability, the coverage of most cultivation combinations increases rapidly in the early stage of cultivation. At this time, the planting and addition method of crust / litter / soilcrust / litter / soil will increase the soil porosity, allowing the moss crust to obtain more sufficient oxygen, enhance its aerobic respiration efficiency, and thus be beneficial to the propagation of moss. On the other hand, for the height of moss plants and the dry weight of the crust, the planting and addition method of crust / soil / wither will not only increase the powder content on the surface of the substrate, but also enhance the adhesion of moss seeds and the water retention of the crust, thereby increasing the internal cohesion of the moss crust and promoting the rapid formation of a dense and stable structure of the moss crust.

[0076] In summary, by adopting the technical scheme of the present invention, a method for indoor cultivation of moss crusts is provided by simulating the outdoor environment of Horqin Sandy Land, and by screening and optimizing the types and culture conditions of moss crusts, a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts is provided. This can provide a more suitable way for the rapid reproduction of moss crusts for the special environment of Horqin Sandy Land, thereby providing a more targeted solution for the environmental management of Horqin Sandy Land.

[0077] The various aspects, embodiments, features and examples of the present application should be considered as illustrative in all aspects and are not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of which is defined solely by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land, characterized in that: The method comprises collecting and drying the moss crust layer, and crushing the moss crust layer to prepare the moss crust seed source; In an artificial cultivation room, the moss crust provenance, litter, and sandy soil are laid out separately to form layered substrates, or the moss crust provenance, litter, and sandy soil are directly mixed to form a substrate mixture; the layered substrate or substrate mixture is spread flat on the sand layer, and then watered for artificial cultivation, and watered and lighted during the cultivation period.

2. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditions of the artificial cultivation room include an air temperature of 25-36°C, an air humidity of 26-84%, a light intensity of 0-27412 Lux, and a CO2 concentration of 390-452 ppm; And / or, the artificial cultivation includes: 10 days before cultivation is the germination period of moss seeds, and the cultivation conditions include: no light transmission and no watering; the watering frequency is maintained once every 3 days, and the watering amount is 1.1 mL / cm 2 , to keep its surface moist; after 10 days of cultivation, keep the watering frequency at 3 to 15 days / time, and the watering amount at 0.6 to 1.25 mL / cm 2 ; The light transmittance is 40~100%.

3. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the multi-layer soil structure, the moss crust provenance is laid on the top layer, and from top to bottom, it is moss crust provenance layer-litter layer-sandy soil layer; Or, from top to bottom, it is moss crust provenance layer-sandy soil layer-litter layer; wherein the litter layer can be paved or not; The multi-layer soil structure can enhance the adhesion of moss seeds and the water retention of the moss crust provenance layer, thereby increasing the internal cohesion of the moss crust provenance layer and forming a dense and stable structure of the moss crust provenance layer.

4. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moss crust provenance is prepared by drying the collected moss crust layer in the shade, crushing it, filtering it with a 0.1 mm pore size soil sieve, and stirring it evenly; preferably, before collecting, impurities attached to the surface of the crust are removed and the surface is moistened to obtain the moss crust provenance layer; The collection of the moss crust seed sources includes selecting well-developed moss crusts, wherein the moss types are dominated by Bryum argenteum and Bryum kunzei of the Bryaceae family, and native Didymodonvinealis and Crossidium crassinerviume are associated species; The moss crust layer is fully crushed and dried for later use; Preferably, the coverage rate of the moss crust is about 80%, and the average thickness is 8.32±0.38 mm.

5. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The litter includes at least one of corn stalks, wood chips, biochar, and organic fertilizer; And / or, the sandy soil is obtained by collecting the soil layer 50 cm below the surface of the pine forest in Qinglongshan Town, Naiman Banner and then sieving; The organic fertilizer is prepared by mixed fermentation of cow dung, sheep dung and corn stalks.

6. The method for improving the coverage of artificially cultivated moss crusts during the growth period according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The indoor potting method further comprises laying a nylon base at the bottom of the seedling pot, laying a water-holding layer on the nylon base, and finally laying the matrix on the surface of the water-holding layer; Preferably, the water-holding layer is a sand layer, and the water-holding capacity and air permeability of the base layer are maintained by isolating the nylon base layer and the base layer; Preferably, the multi-layer soil structure includes the moss crust provenance layer, the fallen material layer, and the sandy soil layer from top to bottom; wherein the addition amount of the crust provenance layer is 0.03-0.2 g / em 2 , the litter 0~200g / m 2 ; Sandy soil 0~0.3g / cm 2 ; The litter is wood chips and / or organic fertilizer and / or corn stalk chips; The artificial cultivation method includes: watering frequency is maintained once every 5 to 15 days and light transmittance is 55 to 70%.

7. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The multi-layer soil structure includes the moss crust provenance layer, the sandy soil layer, and the fallen material layer from top to bottom; wherein the addition amount of each layer is 0.03-0.2 g / cm 2 , the litter 0~200g / m 2 , Sandy soil 0~0.3g / cm 2 ; The litter is an organic fertilizer; The artificial cultivation method includes: watering frequency is maintained once every 5 days and light transmittance is 70%.

8. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The substrate mixture is used for artificial cultivation, and the addition amount of each layer is 0.03-0.2 g / cm 2 , the litter 160g / m 2 , sandy soil 0.1g / cm 2 ; The litter is organic fertilizer and / or corn stalks; The artificial cultivation method includes: watering frequency is maintained once every three days, and light transmittance is 70-100%.

9. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-layer soil structure includes the moss crust provenance layer, the fallen material layer, and the sandy soil layer from top to bottom; wherein the addition amount of each layer is 0.2 g / cm 2 , the litter 160g / m 2 , sandy soil 0.2g / cm 2 ; The litter is an organic fertilizer; The artificial cultivation method includes watering once every 5 days and a light transmittance of 100%.

10. Application of the method for artificially cultivating moss crusts in Horqin sandy land according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in environmental management of Horqin sandy land.

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