Centrifugal mechanical torque converter
By applying the energy transfer principle and the constraints of the multi-acting curve track cavity in mechanical torque converters, stepless automatic torque conversion is achieved, and the problems of complex structure, large quality and high cost of existing torque converters are solved. In compact equipment, efficient torque and speed changes are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411331772.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-24
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
AI Technical Summary
The existing torque converters have complex structures, large mass volume and high cost, and are not suitable for use in equipment with compact structures and small space.
A centrifugal mechanical torque converter is designed. By applying the energy transfer principle on a simple mechanical structure, the power on the active part is transmitted to the driven part, and the stepless automatic torque conversion speed is realized, using the input shaft, the drive wheel, The radial guide groove, roller, sleeve and output shaft are composed of, and the multi-acting curve track cavity is used to restrict the movement of the rollers to achieve automatic changes in torque and speed.
It realizes the stepless rotational speed of the transmission system, reduces the volume and cost of the equipment, and is compact and simple in structure, and is suitable for equipment with small space.
Smart Images
Figure CN119123016A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission, and in particular relates to a centrifugal mechanical torque converter. Background Art
[0002] The torque converter is a component in the transmission system that can automatically and steplessly change the torque and speed. At present, hydraulic torque converters are widely used in various automatic transmission systems, which expand the torque variation range of the transmission, are easy to operate, shift smoothly, and are not easy to stall. However, they have complex structures, large mass and volume, and high costs, and are not suitable for use in compact, small, and simple equipment. Summary of the invention
[0003] The present invention applies the energy transfer principle between components in a simple mechanical structure to effectively transfer the power on the active component to the driven component, thereby realizing stepless automatic torque and speed change, and solving the problems of complex structure, large mass and volume, and high cost of the current torque converter.
[0004] The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
[0005] A centrifugal mechanical torque converter comprises an input shaft 1, a driving wheel 2, a radial guide groove 3, a roller 4, a sleeve 5, a track cavity 6, an output shaft 7 and a housing 8, wherein the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 7 are supported on the housing 8 by bearings respectively; the driving wheel 2 is fixedly mounted on the input shaft 1, and a plurality of radial guide grooves 3 are evenly and symmetrically arranged are formed on the driving wheel; the roller 4 is placed in the radial guide groove 3, and the roller 4 can move freely along the radial guide groove 3; the sleeve 5 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft 7, and a multi-action curved track cavity 6 is arranged in the sleeve; the driving wheel 2 is placed in the track cavity 6 of the sleeve 5, and can rotate freely, and the track cavity 6 imposes regular constraints on the radial movement of the roller 4.
[0006] The multiple action curves of the track cavity 6 are evenly distributed on an even number of circles, connected by transition inscribed circle curves at the intersection of straight lines and straight lines. The number of the curves is greater than that of the rollers 4, and the radius of the inscribed circle is greater than that of the rollers 4.
[0007] The radial guide grooves 3 are an even number.
[0008] The driving wheel 2 is a double-piece joint structure, and the roller 4 is a stepped shaft with small sides and large middle, and the shafts on both sides are placed in the radial guide groove 3 of the driving wheel 2. The two are clearance fit.
[0009] The intermediate shaft of the roller 4 does not move axially between the two end pieces of the driving wheel 2 .
[0010] The driving wheel 2 is a single-row structure, and the roller 4 is a dumbbell-shaped structure with large sides and a small middle.
[0011] The intermediate shaft of the roller 4 does not produce axial movement in the radial guide groove 3 of the driving wheel 2.
[0012] The invention can be used for integrated transmission components to realize stepless rotation speed change of the transmission system, and can also be used for transmission of simple equipment with small space size, with small volume, low cost, compact and simple structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention, wherein Figure 1 b is Figure 1 a side view;
[0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, wherein Figure 2b yes Figure 2a Side view of
[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the double-piece joint drive wheel structure, where Figure 3 b is Figure 3 a side view;
[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working of the stepped cylindrical roller of the present invention ( Figure 4 a) and structural diagram ( Figure 4 b);
[0017] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the single-row driving wheel and dumbbell-shaped roller of the present invention, wherein Figure 5 a is a schematic diagram of a single-row drive wheel installed on the input shaft. Figure 5 b is a schematic diagram of a single-row drive wheel. Figure 5 c is a schematic diagram of a dumbbell-shaped roller;
[0018] Figure 6 , 7 It is a schematic diagram of the track curve of the track cavity of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The present invention sets an energy transfer structure between the input shaft and the output shaft on the same axis, so that the input power is automatically decomposed into corresponding torque and speed output according to the load on the output shaft ( Figure 1 ). It is mainly composed of an input shaft 1, a driving wheel 2, a radial guide groove 3, a roller 4, a sleeve 5, a track cavity 6, an output shaft 7, a box body 8, etc.
[0020] The basic structure is that the drive wheel 2 is fixedly mounted on the input shaft 1. The drive wheel 2 is a double-piece joint structure with a number of symmetrically arranged smooth radial guide grooves 3 evenly distributed on it, and its center line passes through the axis of the planetary gear (see Figures 2 and 3).
[0021] The roller 4 is a stepped cylinder with a small diameter on both sides and a large diameter in the middle. The shafts on both sides are placed in the radial guide groove 3 of the driving wheel 2. The width of the radial guide groove 3 of the driving wheel is larger than the shaft diameter of the shafts on both sides of the roller 4. The two are clearance fit. The shafts on both sides of the roller 4 only contact with one groove surface of the radial guide groove 3 of the driving wheel 2 to receive the driving force of the driving wheel 2; they do not contact with the other groove surface of the radial guide groove 3 of the driving wheel ( Figure 4 ), ensure that the roller 4 is less constrained when moving in the radial guide groove 3 of the driving wheel 2, and no circulating power is applied to the driving wheel 2, thereby improving the input power and system efficiency; the middle section of the roller 4 is placed between the two driving wheels 2, and the middle section cylindrical surface is in contact with the track 6 surface, rolling unimpeded on the track 6 surface without axial movement; the roller 4 should have sufficient mass to meet the maximum input power requirements, and the size should ensure both quality and no motion interference between each other. The driving wheel 2 can also be single-row, and the roller 4 is a dumbbell-shaped structure ( Figure 5 ).
[0022] A track curve sleeve 5 composed of several symmetrical line segments is fixedly installed on the output shaft 1. The track cavity 6 curve is evenly distributed on an even number of circles, and the number is more than the roller 4 ( Figure 6 ), which is sleeved outside the driving wheel 2; the track curve, driving disc guide groove, and rollers are all even numbers, so that the moment of inertia of roller 4 forms a torque on the driving wheel 2 and sleeve 5, making the mechanism run smoothly; the track curve is the equidistant line of the trajectory of the center of mass motion of roller 4, and the two curve types are the same; the trajectory of the center of mass of the centrifugal motion of roller 4 in the unconstrained state is a hyperbolic cosine curve (ρ=ρ o coshφ), in this state, the roller 4 has the maximum turning radius and radial speed, but when the roller 4 rotates at a small angle relative to the input shaft, the trajectory of the center of mass of the roller 4 approximates the inverse of the trigonometric cosine of the straight line (ρ = ρ o / cosφ'), so the track curve can be a straight line ( Figure 7 ); At the intersection of the symmetrical straight lines of the track 6, an inscribed circle with a radius slightly larger than the radius of the roller 4 is used for transition, so that the process of the roller 4 turning from an increase in the radius of gyration to a decrease in the radius of gyration is relatively smooth.
[0023] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:
[0024] According to the relevant principles of theoretical mechanics, in a constrained space, a free rigid body rotating around a fixed axis under the action of centrifugal force will have a periodic change in the moment of inertia due to the change in the radius of gyration (or radius of inertia) and radial velocity over time, and the active torque driving the rigid body and the centrifugal force acting on the rigid body will change accordingly. During the operation of the rigid body with an increased radius of gyration and a positive radial velocity, the moment of inertia of the rigid body increases, and the demand for the active torque increases. Due to the existence of constraints, there is also a resistance torque on the rigid body.
[0025] The driving torque and the resistance torque are not equal. When the radial velocity of the rigid body is positive, the driving torque is greater than the resistance torque; when the radial velocity of the rigid body is negative, that is, the rigid body moves inward, the driving torque is less than the resistance torque until it is zero. When the driving torque is greater than the resistance torque, the rigid body accumulates energy (kinetic energy). When the radius of gyration of the rigid body decreases and the radial velocity is negative, the direction of the action of the moment of inertia of the rigid body changes, and the rigid body releases energy. According to the law of conservation of energy, the energy of an object will neither be generated out of thin air nor disappear out of thin air. It will only be converted from one form to another, or transferred from one object to other objects, while the total amount of energy remains unchanged. In the present invention, except for a small part of the energy that is converted into heat energy and consumed due to the friction between the rigid body and the constraint, most of the energy is transferred from the rigid body to the constraint in the form of mechanical energy, so that the constraint does work. If the constraint is a non-fixed part, when the torque generated by the energy released by the rigid body is greater than the resistance torque on the constraint, the constraint rotates and changes accordingly with the change of the input speed; similarly, if the energy transferred from the rigid body to the constraint remains unchanged, the change of the resistance torque will also cause the speed of the constraint to change. Therefore, changes in input speed and resistance torque will cause corresponding changes in output speed.
[0026] The present invention is a centrifugal mechanical torque converter invented based on the above principle, and its basic structure is: a driving wheel is fixedly mounted on the input shaft, and a plurality of smooth radial guide grooves are opened on the driving wheel; rollers having the same number as the radial guide grooves are placed in the radial guide grooves, and the rollers can move freely along the radial guide grooves; a sleeve is fixedly mounted on the output shaft, and a specific multi-action curved track cavity is arranged in the sleeve; the driving wheel is placed in the track cavity of the sleeve and rotates freely, and the track cavity imposes regular constraints on the radial movement of the rollers, and the sleeve can rotate in the same direction as the driving wheel.
[0027] The input shaft rotates, and the driving wheel drives the roller to rotate around the center of the input shaft. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the roller drives it to move along the radial guide groove. The movement of the roller is a composite motion of radial motion and circular rotation. There is an active torque applied by the driving wheel on the roller and a resistance torque constrained by the curved track of the sleeve.
[0028] The track cavity is a multi-action curved track cavity, which forces the roller's radius of gyration and radial velocity to change periodically during rotation. In the radius increasing section of the track curve, the roller's radius of gyration increases, the radial velocity is positive, the roller's moment of inertia increases, and the active torque required to be input by the drive wheel increases; due to the constraint of the curved track, the roller is also subject to the resistance torque. In this interval, the active torque is greater than the resistance torque, and the roller accumulates energy (kinetic energy). In the radius reducing section of the track curve, due to the increase in the degree of track constraint, the roller's radius of gyration decreases, and the roller's radial velocity is negative. The active torque required to be provided by the drive wheel decreases until it is zero. The active torque is less than the resistance torque, and the energy accumulated by the roller is transferred to the sleeve, which is reflected on the sleeve in the form of torque and speed. When the input speed is increased and the torque obtained by the sleeve is greater than the resistance torque of the output shaft, the motion state of the sleeve (output shaft) changes, and the rotation direction is the same as the input shaft.
[0029] Since the track curve and the trajectory of the roller's center of mass are equidistant lines, when the sleeve rotation speed changes, the position of the roller corresponding to the relative position of the track curve also changes, which in turn changes the degree of constraint of the track on the roller, resulting in changes in the active torque of the driving wheel on the roller and the resistance torque of the sleeve on the roller.
[0030] When the input speed remains unchanged, if the resistance torque decreases, the sleeve speed (output speed) increases; in turn, the constraint on the roller increases, the roller radial speed decreases, and the active torque on the driving roller is also reduced accordingly, and finally the input and output power are matched. When the resistance torque increases, the driven wheel speed (output speed) decreases, the constraint on the roller is reduced, the roller radial speed increases, and the input active torque increases accordingly. Therefore, under the joint action of the speed of the input shaft of the mechanism and the resistance torque of the output shaft, the output speed and torque are automatically changed through the self-adjustment inside the mechanism to achieve automatic torque change.
Claims
1. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter, characterized in that: The invention comprises an input shaft (1), a driving wheel (2), a radial guide groove (3), a roller (4), a sleeve (5), a track cavity (6), an output shaft (7) and a housing (8), wherein the input shaft (1) and the output shaft (7) are supported on the housing (8) by bearings respectively; the driving wheel (2) is fixedly mounted on the input shaft (1), and a plurality of radial guide grooves (3) are arranged evenly and symmetrically on the driving wheel; the roller (4) is placed in the radial guide groove (3), and the roller (4) can move freely along the radial guide groove (3); the sleeve (5) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft (7), and a multi-action curved track cavity (6) is arranged in the sleeve (5); the driving wheel (2) is placed in the track cavity (6) of the sleeve (5), and can rotate freely, and the track cavity (6) imposes regular constraints on the radial movement of the roller (4).
2. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple action curves of the track cavity (6) are evenly distributed on an even number of circles and are formed by connecting straight lines and transition inscribed circle curves at the intersections of the straight lines, and the radius of the inscribed circle is greater than the radius of the roller (4).
3. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of multi-action curves of the track cavity (6) is greater than that of the roller (4).
4. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radial guide grooves (3) are an even number.
5. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The track cavity (6) has six multi-action curves and the radial guide grooves (3) have four.
6. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving wheel (2) and the radial guide groove (3) are clearance-fitted.
7. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving wheel (2) is a double-piece joint structure, and the roller (4) is in the shape of a stepped shaft with small sides and a large middle. The shafts on both sides are placed in the radial guide groove (3) of the driving wheel (2).
8. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intermediate shaft of the roller (4) does not move axially between the two double pieces at the two ends of the driving wheel (2).
9. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving wheel (2) is a single-row structure, and the roller (4) is a dumbbell-shaped structure with large sides and a small middle.
10. A centrifugal mechanical torque converter according to claim 9, characterized in that: The intermediate shaft of the roller (4) does not generate axial movement in the radial guide groove (3) of the driving wheel (2).