DEB regulator of low-protein daily ration for growing-finishing pigs

Abstract

The invention discloses a dEB regulator for low-protein daily ration of growing-finishing pigs. The dEB regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-54 parts of potassium sulfate, 41-43 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 4-8 parts of potassium-containing zeolite and 1-4 parts of hydrotalcite. The addition amount of the dEB regulator in the low-protein low-soybean-meal feed for the growing-finishing pigs is 0.25 wt.%-0.4 wt.%. The hydrotalcite used in the invention can relieve the adverse effect of high Cl <-> of low-protein daily ration on growing-finishing pigs, and both zeolite and hydrotalcite can improve the bioavailability of potassium and sodium. According to the dEB regulator disclosed by the invention, all the components have a remarkable interaction effect and a positive remarkable synergistic combination effect, and the dEB regulator disclosed by the invention is added into the low-protein low-soybean-meal feed of the growing-finishing pigs through the optimal proportion and the combined synergistic effect of all the components, so that the acid-base balance and electrolyte balance of organisms can be effectively regulated, the growth performance of the growing-finishing pigs is improved, and the growth rate of the growing-finishing pigs is increased. The carcass quality and meat quality are improved, the intestinal health is improved, and efficient absorption and utilization of amino acid are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a deoxyribonucleic acid (dEB) regulator for a low-protein diet for growing and fattening pigs. Background Art

[0002] Promoting low-protein, low-soybean meal diversified diets is the main way to reduce costs and increase efficiency in animal husbandry. Pig feed consumption accounts for more than 40% of China's total feed consumption in the livestock industry, and is the main source of soybean meal consumption. At present, soybean meal for feed is highly dependent on imported soybeans, and it is urgent to build a technical system for the formulation of low-protein, low-soybean meal diversified diets for pigs.

[0003] The precise nutrition system of low-protein and low-soybean meal diets, such as energy-nitrogen balance, net energy requirements, and digestible amino acid balance, has been extensively studied and applied. However, there are few studies on the electrolyte balance (dEB) of low-protein diets. In nutrition, electrolytes refer to anions and cations that are stable and unchanged during metabolism. Electrolytes in animal body fluids are mainly involved in maintaining osmotic pressure, regulating acid-base balance, and controlling water metabolism, so that the metabolism of nutrients is in a suitable environment. The formula for calculating dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is: the main cations (Na + and K + ) and anions (Cl - ) milligram equivalent, i.e. dEB (mEq / kg) = Na + +K + -Cl - .

[0004] The amount of soybean meal added to low-protein and low-soybean meal feeds is reduced, while K in soybean meal + Rich in content, reducing the amount of soybean meal added will increase the K content in the diet + The concentration of lysine hydrochloride and choline chloride added will increase the Cl - Therefore, low protein and low soybean meal diets often result in high chloride and low potassium in the diet. + +K + -Cl -According to the calculation formula, a low-protein, low-soybean meal diet will reduce the dEB of the diet. For example, the dEB of a low-protein diet for growing and fattening pigs is only 120-129mEq / kg. NRC (2012) recommended the optimal dEB value for pigs to be 250mEq / kg. In actual applications, low-protein, low-soybean meal diets for growing and fattening pigs generally have poor growth performance and pork quality, which affects the effective promotion of this technology. Electrolyte balance directly affects the health of pigs and the quality of pork, and puts higher requirements on the dEB of growing and fattening pig diets. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a dEB regulator for low-protein diets for growing and fattening pigs to give full play to the application effect of low-protein, low-soybean meal diets for pigs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide a dEB regulator for a low-protein diet for growing and fattening pigs.

[0006] The technical solutions specifically adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a dEB regulator for a low-protein diet for growing and finishing pigs, which is composed of 45 to 54 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 41 to 43 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate, 4 to 8 parts by weight of potassium-containing zeolite, and 1 to 4 parts by weight of hydrotalcite.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the potassium-containing zeolite has a particle size of 300-400 meshes, and the potassium content in the zeolite is 2-5%.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the hydrotalcite is Mg-Al hydrotalcite.

[0010] In the present invention, potassium-containing zeolite is obtained by commercial means, such as Chifeng Wuhua Tianbao Mineral Material Co., Ltd. The hydrotalcite used in the present invention can be a commercially available product or can be prepared according to the prior art, and its preparation technology is well known.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for growing and finishing pigs to which a dEB regulator as described in any one of the schemes of the first aspect is added.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the amount of the dEB regulator added to the feed is 0.25 wt.% to 0.4 wt.%.

[0013] The dEB regulator for the low-protein diet of growing and fattening pigs of the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0014] (1) Hydrotalcites (or Layered Double Hydroxides, LDHs) are anionic inorganic functional materials with strong adsorption capacity for anions. Because the addition of lysine hydrochloride, choline chloride and other chloride salts in low-protein and low-soybean meal feeds will increase the Cl content in the diet. - As the concentration increases, the hydrotalcite used in the present invention will adsorb Cl in the intestine of growing and fattening pigs. - , thereby reducing Cl in intestinal contents - concentration, thereby alleviating the high Cl - Adverse effects on growing and finishing pigs.

[0015] (2) The hydrotalcite used in the present invention is Mg-A1-hydrotalcite, the main elements of which are magnesium, aluminum, CO3 2- 、SO4 2- Magnesium and sulfur are essential mineral elements for growing and fattening pigs, which have the effects of promoting the growth of growing and fattening pigs, improving the body's immunity and anti-stress. Mg-A1-hydrotalcite has good biocompatibility and gastrointestinal mucosal affinity, high surface activity and huge specific surface area, etc., which can improve the bioavailability of potassium and sodium in the dEB regulator of the present invention.

[0016] (3) The potassium-containing zeolite used in the present invention can play a controlled-release role in the absorption and utilization of potassium. The regular interconnected pore structure and cage-like space, high surface activity and huge specific surface area enable it to have a controlled-release effect on the loaded potassium, thereby greatly improving the absorption and utilization rate of potassium.

[0017] (4) Adding the dEB regulator of the invention to the low-protein, low-soybean meal feed of growing and finishing pigs can effectively regulate the body's acid-base balance and electrolyte balance, improve the growth performance of growing and finishing pigs, improve the carcass quality and meat quality, and promote the efficient absorption and utilization of amino acids.

[0018] (5) The dEB regulator of the present invention has significant interactions among its components and has a positive significant synergistic combination effect. Through the optimized ratio of each component and the synergistic combination effect, the dEB-added group of growing pigs with a dEB of 176 mEq / kg in the diet has a better application effect than the group with a dEB of 250 mEq / kg in the diet (the best dEB recommended by NRC 2012 for pig nutritional requirements), and the dEB-added group of finishing pigs with a dEB of 157 mEq / kg in the diet has a better application effect than the group with a dEB of 250 mEq / kg in the diet (the best dEB recommended by NRC 2012 for pig nutritional requirements).

[0019] (6) Zeolite and hydrotalcite are easy to form a uniform dispersion system, have stable performance and do not absorb moisture, so that the dEB regulator of the present invention has good fluidity and is easy to mix with feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples.

[0021] The reagents and materials in the following examples can be commercially available products or prepared by methods reported in the prior art without limitation.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] 1. Preliminary experiment: According to the literature "Oral vanadium supplement with bimetallic oxide as carrier and its preparation and use method" (see: Ye Ying, Feng Lujia, Zheng Libo, Shen Zhongyue, Han Jie, Chen Zhifei, Li Shanshan. National invention patent number: ZL02137166.0.), Mg-Al hydrotalcite was prepared by coprecipitation method, the steps are as follows:

[0024] 1) Dissolve 0.225 mol Mg(NO3)2 and 0.075 mol Al(NO3)2 in 250 mL water to prepare salt solution A of Mg(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)2;

[0025] 2) Dissolve 0.675 mol NaOH and 0.225 mol Na2CO3 in 250 mL water to prepare alkaline solution B of NaOH and Na2CO3;

[0026] 3) Add salt solution A and alkaline solution B dropwise into 100 mL of strongly stirred distilled water for 4 hours to form a suspension;

[0027] 4) Place the suspension in a water bath and stir for crystallization at 80°C for 24 hours;

[0028] 5) The product of step 4) was filtered, washed with water until neutral, dried at 80° C., and ground to 300 mesh to obtain the hydrotalcite used in this example.

[0029] In addition, commercially available potassium-containing zeolite was crushed to 300 meshes, and the potassium content in the zeolite was 4% by weight.

[0030] 2. Preparation and addition of dEB regulator: 45 kg of potassium sulfate, 43 kg of sodium bicarbonate, 8 kg of potassium-containing zeolite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, and 4 kg of hydrotalcite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, a total of 100 kg, are mixed and stirred to obtain a dEB regulator for low-protein diet of growing-finishing pigs (Electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein of growing-finishing pigs, EBLP). The addition amount of the dEB regulator in the low-protein, low-soybean meal feed of growing-finishing pigs is 0.25wt.%.

[0031] 3. Fattening pig feeding: 72 Duchangda fattening pigs weighing 90 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs in each replicate: (1) Control group: low protein and low soybean meal diet, crude protein 11%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.60%, 0.15% and 0.35%, respectively, and dEB was 120 mEq / kg; (2) EBLP group: 0.25 wt.% EBLP was added to the control group feed, crude protein 11%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.65%, 0.18% and 0.31%, respectively, and dEB was 157 mEq / kg. (3) High dEB group (optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 swine nutritional requirements): 0.61wt.% potassium sulfate, 0.43wt.% sodium bicarbonate, 11% crude protein, 0.90%, 0.28%, 0.36% potassium, and 0.5% sodium in the control group were added to the feed. The dEB was 250mEq / kg. The experimental period was 35 days, and the fattening pigs had free access to feed and water.

[0032] 4. Results: Compared with the control group, the EBLP group increased the average daily weight gain of fattening pigs (P<0.05), reduced the feed-to-weight ratio (P<0.05), increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (P<0.05), and increased serum K + The results showed that EBLP can improve the growth performance of finishing pigs, improve the carcass quality and pork quality of finishing pigs. Moreover, compared with the high dEB group, the improvement effect of the EBLP group on the above indicators was better than that of the high dEB group.

[0033] The above results show that adding EBLP to low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for finishing pigs can significantly improve the growth performance of finishing pigs and improve the carcass quality and pork quality of finishing pigs. Through the optimized ratio and combined synergistic effect of each component in EBLP, the EBLP group with dEB of 157mEq / kg has better application effect than the high dEB group with dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 Pig Nutrition Requirements).

[0034] Example 2

[0035] 1. Preliminary experiment: The commercially available Mg-Al hydrotalcite was ground to 350 mesh. In addition, the commercially available potassium-containing zeolite was crushed to 350 mesh, and the potassium content in the zeolite was 2% by weight.

[0036] 2. Preparation and addition of dEB regulator: 51 kg of potassium sulfate, 42 kg of sodium bicarbonate, 4 kg of potassium-containing zeolite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, and 3 kg of hydrotalcite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment are mixed and stirred to obtain a dEB regulator for low-protein diet of growing-finishing pigs (EBLP). The addition amount of the dEB regulator in the low-protein and low-soybean meal feed of growing-finishing pigs is 0.3 wt.%.

[0037] 3. Fattening pig feeding: 72 Duchang growing pigs weighing 25 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs in each replicate: (1) Control group: low protein and low soybean meal diet, crude protein 15%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents of the feed were 0.62%, 0.16% and 0.35%, respectively, and dEB was 129 mEq / kg; (2) EBLP group: 0.3 wt.% EBLP was added to the control group feed, crude protein 15%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents of the feed were 0.69%, 0.19% and 0.30%, respectively, and dEB was 176 mEq / kg. (3) High dEB group (optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 swine nutritional requirements): 0.60wt.% potassium sulfate, 0.42wt.% sodium bicarbonate, 15% crude protein, 0.90%, 0.28%, 0.36% potassium, and 0.5% sodium in the control group were added to the feed. The dEB was 250mEq / kg. The experimental period was 42 days, and the growing and finishing pigs were allowed to eat and drink freely.

[0038] 4. Results: Compared with the control group, the serum K + The content of EBLP increased (P<0.1), relieved diarrhea in pigs (P<0.05), increased average daily weight gain (P<0.05), reduced feed-to-weight ratio (P<0.05), increased the redness of the longissimus dorsi muscle a* (P<0.05), reduced the drip loss of pork (P<0.0.05), increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (P<0.05), increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P<0.05), and increased the expression of intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) (P<0.05). The results showed that EBLP can significantly improve the intestinal health of growing pigs, improve growth performance, relieve diarrhea in growing pigs, and improve pork quality. Moreover, compared with the high dEB group, the improvement effect of the EBLP group on the above indicators was better than that of the high dEB group.

[0039] The above results show that adding EBLP to the low-protein, low-soybean meal feed of growing pigs can significantly promote the structural integrity of intestinal villi and increase the expression of tight junction proteins between intestinal epithelial cells to enhance intestinal barrier function, improve the intestinal health of growing pigs, improve the digestion and absorption of crude protein, and improve pig growth performance and pork quality. Through the optimized ratio and combined synergistic effect of each component in EBLP, the EBLP group with dEB of 176mEq / kg has a better application effect than the high dEB group with dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 Pig Nutritional Requirements).

[0040] Example 3

[0041] 1. Preliminary experiment: According to the literature "Oral vanadium supplement with bimetallic oxide as carrier and its preparation and use method" (see: Ye Ying, Feng Lujia, Zheng Libo, Shen Zhongyue, Han Jie, Chen Zhifei, Li Shanshan. National invention patent number: ZL02137166.0.), hydrotalcite was prepared by hydrothermal method, the steps are as follows:

[0042] 1) Dissolve 0.225 mol MgCl2 and 0.075 mol AlCl2 in 250 mL water to prepare a salt solution A of MgCl2 and AlCl2;

[0043] 2) Dissolve 0.675 mol NaOH and 0.225 mol Na2CO3 in 250 mL water to prepare alkaline solution B of NaOH and Na2CO3;

[0044] 3) The salt solution A and the alkaline solution B are quickly mixed to obtain a white slurry; the white slurry is quickly placed in an autoclave and crystallized at 140° C. for 8 hours;

[0045] 4) After crystallization, the slurry was filtered, and the solid part obtained by filtration was washed to neutrality, dried at 80° C., and ground to 400 mesh to obtain the hydrotalcite used in this example.

[0046] In addition, commercially available potassium-containing zeolite was crushed to 400 meshes, and the potassium content in the zeolite was 5% by weight.

[0047] 2. Preparation and addition of dEB regulator: 54 kg of potassium sulfate, 41 kg of sodium bicarbonate, 4 kg of potassium-containing zeolite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, and 1 kg of hydrotalcite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment are mixed and stirred to obtain a dEB regulator for low-protein diet of growing-finishing pigs (Electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein of growing-finishing pigs, EBLP). The addition amount of the dEB regulator in the low-protein, low-soybean meal feed of growing-finishing pigs is 0.4wt.%.

[0048] 3. Fattening pig feeding: 72 Duchangda fattening pigs weighing 90 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs in each replicate: (1) Control group: low protein and low soybean meal diet, crude protein 11%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.60%, 0.15% and 0.35%, respectively, and dEB was 120 mEq / kg; (2) EBLP group: 0.4 wt.% EBLP was added to the control group feed, crude protein 11%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.70%, 0.19% and 0.34%, respectively, and dEB was 167 mEq / kg. (3) High dEB group (optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 swine nutritional requirements): 0.61wt.% potassium sulfate, 0.43wt.% sodium bicarbonate, 11% crude protein, 0.90%, 0.28%, 0.36% potassium, and 0.5% sodium in the control group were added to the feed. The dEB was 250mEq / kg. The experimental period was 35 days, and the fattening pigs had free access to feed and water.

[0049] 4. Results: Compared with the control group, the EBLP group increased the average daily weight gain of fattening pigs (P<0.05), reduced the feed-to-weight ratio (P<0.05), increased the brightness L* and redness a* of the longissimus dorsi muscle (P<0.05), reduced the drip loss of pork (P<0.0.05), and increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (P<0.05). The EBLP group significantly increased the levels of methionine, leucine, aspartic acid and arginine in the serum of fattening pigs (P<0.05), increased the mRNA expression of amino acid transporters ASCT2, B0AT1 and CAT1 in the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), increased the expression of mTORC1 signaling pathway proteins p-4EBP1 / 4EBP1, p-mTOR / mTOR and p-S6K1 / S6K1 (P<0.05), increased the jejunal TER value (P<0.05), decreased the permeability of jejunal FD4 (P<0.05), and increased the protein expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 in the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05). The results showed that EBLP can improve the growth performance of fattening pigs, improve pork quality, improve intestinal health, and promote the absorption, metabolism and efficient utilization of amino acids. Moreover, compared with the high dEB group, the EBLP group had better improvement effects on the above indicators than the high dEB group.

[0050] The above results show that adding EBLP to low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for finishing pigs can improve the growth performance of finishing pigs, improve carcass quality and pork quality, improve intestinal health, and promote amino acid absorption, metabolism and efficient utilization. Through the optimized ratio and combined synergistic effect of each component in EBLP, the EBLP group with dEB of 167mEq / kg has better application effect than the high dEB group with dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 Pig Nutrition Requirements).

[0051] The above-described embodiments are only some preferred implementations of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the relevant technical field may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dEB regulator for a low-protein diet for growing and finishing pigs, characterized in that The composition is: 45-54 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 41-43 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate, 4-8 parts by weight of potassium-containing zeolite and 1-4 parts by weight of hydrotalcite.

2. The dEB regulator for a low-protein diet for growing and finishing pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that The granularity of the potassium-containing zeolite is 300-400 meshes, and the potassium content in the zeolite is 2-5%.

3. The dEB regulator for growing and finishing pigs in a low-protein diet according to claim 1, characterized in that The hydrotalcite is Mg-Al hydrotalcite.

4. A low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for growing and finishing pigs supplemented with the dEB regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for growing and fattening pigs according to claim 4, characterized in that: The added amount of dEB regulator in feed is 0.25wt.% to 0.4wt.%.