Automatic axle measuring equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to automatic axle measuring equipment. The device comprises an axle positioning and supporting mechanism which is used for positioning a to-be-detected axle and can drive the to-be-detected axle to rotate; the axle length measuring mechanism is arranged on one side of the axle positioning and supporting mechanism and comprises a base, a radial measuring grating ruler, a moving frame, a radial driving module and a visual device; the axle radial run-out measuring mechanism is arranged on one side of the axle positioning and supporting mechanism and comprises a supporting seat as well as a first measuring device, a first driving device, a second measuring device and a second driving device which are arranged on the supporting seat; and the axial driving module is used for driving the axle length measuring mechanism and the axle radial run-out measuring mechanism to move together in the axial direction of the axle to be measured. According to the invention, accurate and automatic measurement of the length and radial run-out of the axle can be realized, and the measurement efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shaft part measurement, in particular to an automatic axle measurement device. Background Art

[0002] In modern industrial production, axles are key mechanical components, and their dimensional accuracy and quality are crucial to the performance and safety of the entire mechanical system. Traditional axle measurement methods mainly rely on manual operation, which is not only inefficient, but also the measurement results are easily affected by the operator's skill level and subjective judgment, resulting in instability and inaccuracy. In addition, manual measurement methods are difficult to meet the needs of large-scale, high-precision production.

[0003] With the development of automation technology, axle automated measurement equipment has emerged. These devices can quickly and accurately measure axle dimensions by integrating advanced sensors, control systems, and data processing software, which not only improves the accuracy and repeatability of measurement, but also can exchange data with other equipment on the production line to realize the intelligent and information-based production process. However, the axle measurement equipment currently on the market still has some limitations, such as complex equipment structure, high cost, difficult maintenance, and difficulty in measuring shaft segments with arcs and arc chamfers. These problems limit its wide application in axle production. Summary of the invention

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides an automated axle measuring device, which can not only provide high-precision measurement results, but also adapt to the measurement requirements of different types of axles. It has good adaptability and flexibility, effectively reduces manual intervention, and improves production efficiency and product quality.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an axle automatic measurement device, including a measurement platform, on which are provided: An axle positioning support mechanism, used for positioning the axle to be tested and capable of driving the axle to be tested to rotate; The axle length measuring mechanism is arranged on one side of the axle positioning support mechanism, and includes a base, a radial measuring grating ruler, an axial measuring grating ruler, a moving frame, a radial driving module and a visual device; Wherein, the radial measuring grating ruler is arranged on the base and extends along the radial direction of the axle to be measured; the mobile frame is slidably connected to the base along the length direction of the radial measuring grating ruler; the axial measuring grating ruler is arranged along the axial direction of the axle to be measured; the radial driving module is installed on the base and drives the mobile frame to move; the visual device is installed on the mobile frame; An axle radial runout measuring mechanism is arranged on one side of the axle positioning support mechanism, and comprises a support seat and a first measuring device, a first driving device, a second measuring device and a second driving device arranged on the support seat; Wherein, the first measuring device comprises a measuring rod slidably connected to the support seat, a first measuring head mounted on the end of the measuring rod, and a first displacement detection assembly for detecting the displacement of the first measuring head; The first driving device is used to drive the measuring rod to move, and a first elastic buffer component is arranged between the driving end of the first driving device and the measuring rod; The second measuring device comprises a measuring frame slidably connected to the support seat, a second measuring head mounted on the measuring frame, and a second displacement detection assembly for detecting the displacement of the second measuring head, wherein the measuring frame can be arranged across the radial sides of the axle to be measured, and the first measuring head and the second measuring head are arranged opposite to each other and can contact the radial ends of the axle to be measured; The second driving device is used to drive the measuring frame to move, and a second elastic buffer component is arranged between the driving end of the first driving device and the measuring frame; The axial drive module is used to drive the axle length measuring mechanism and the axle radial runout measuring mechanism to move together along the axial direction of the axle to be measured.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, the radial drive module comprises: A screw seat, mounted on the base; A lead screw, rotatably connected to the lead screw seat and arranged parallel to the radial measuring grating scale; A slide rail, mounted on the base and arranged parallel to the lead screw; A nut, slidably connected to the lead screw; A slider is connected to the nut and the moving frame respectively and is slidably connected to the slide rail; a grating reading head matching the radial measuring grating ruler is installed on the slider; a photoelectric switch for detecting the position of the slider is installed on one side of the slide rail on the base; The power assembly is used to drive the screw to rotate, including a servo drive motor, a driving end of the servo drive motor is equipped with a first synchronous wheel, an end of the screw is equipped with a second synchronous wheel, and a synchronous belt is connected between the first synchronous wheel and the second synchronous wheel.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mobile frame is arranged across the radial sides of the axle to be tested, and the visual device includes a visual camera and a parallel light source respectively installed at two ends of the mobile frame, and the visual camera and the parallel light source are arranged opposite to each other and located on the radial sides of the axle to be tested; The movable frame is installed with a lens holder and a light source cover, the lens holder is installed with a telecentric lens connected to the visual camera, and the light source cover is arranged to cover the parallel light source.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the support seat is provided with a first guide rail and a first slide table slidably connected to the first guide rail, and the measuring rod is mounted on the first slide table; The support seat is provided with a second guide rail and a second slide table slidably connected to the second guide rail, and the measuring frame is installed on the second slide table.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first displacement detection assembly includes a first grating ruler disposed on the first slide and a first reading head mounted on the support seat and cooperating with the first grating ruler; The second displacement detection assembly includes a second grating ruler disposed on the second slide and a second reading head installed on the support seat and cooperating with the second grating ruler.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first elastic buffer assembly includes a first movable frame, a first connecting seat, a first spring and a first spring guide column; The first movable frame is installed on the first slide, and the first connecting seat is installed on the driving end of the first driving device; A plurality of the first spring guide pillars pass through the first movable frame and are connected to the first connecting seat, and the first spring is sleeved on the first spring guide pillars; Two ends of the first spring abut against the first movable frame and the first connecting seat respectively; The first movable frame is limited by one end of the first spring guide column.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first driving device includes a first servo electric cylinder installed on the support seat, and the first servo electric cylinder is slidably connected to a first electric cylinder slide connected to the telescopic rod of the first servo electric cylinder, and the first electric cylinder slide is connected to the first connecting seat.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second elastic buffer assembly includes a second movable frame, a second connecting seat, a second spring and a second spring guide column; The second movable frame is mounted on the second slide, and the second connecting seat is mounted on the driving end of the second driving device; A plurality of the second spring guide posts pass through the second movable frame and are connected to the second connecting seat; The second spring is sleeved on the second spring guide post; The two ends of the second spring are respectively against one end of the second spring guide column and the second movable frame; The second movable frame is limited by one end of the second spring guide column.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second driving device includes a second servo electric cylinder installed on the support seat, and the second servo electric cylinder is slidably connected to a second electric cylinder slide connected to the telescopic rod of the second servo electric cylinder, and the second electric cylinder slide is connected to the second connecting seat.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the axle positioning support mechanism includes a rotary drive motor, a servo push cylinder, a screw adjustment assembly, and a relatively arranged fixed top assembly and a movable positioning top assembly; Wherein, a first support rail is provided on the measuring platform; The fixed center assembly includes a fixed seat, a rotating disk mounted on the fixed seat, and a first center and a positioning column mounted on the rotating disk and abutting against a positioning hole on one axial end of the axle to be tested, and the rotary drive motor is used to drive the rotating disk to rotate; The movable positioning top assembly includes a movable seat slidably connected to the first support rail, a second support rail arranged on the movable seat, a push seat slidably connected to the second support rail, a fixed plate installed on the push seat, and a second top installed on the fixed plate and abutting against the other axial end of the axle to be tested, and the driving end of the servo push cylinder is connected to the push seat; The screw adjustment assembly is installed on the measuring platform and is used to drive the movable seat to slide along the first supporting rail.

[0015] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The axle automatic measuring device described in the present invention can realize accurate and automatic measurement of the length and radial runout of the axle, thereby improving the measurement efficiency.

[0016] The present invention uses a visual device to measure the length of the axle, avoiding the wear and damage to the axle surface caused by traditional contact measurement. It is particularly suitable for measuring the length of axles with arc sections, and improves the scope of application and accuracy of the measurement. By integrating components such as radial measurement grating rulers, axial and radial drive modules, and visual devices, fully automated measurement of the axle length is achieved. The visual device can move quickly at different positions, and with the position feedback of the radial measurement grating ruler, it can quickly and continuously obtain measurement data, greatly improving measurement efficiency and reducing manual intervention and errors.

[0017] The present invention provides a first elastic buffer component and a second elastic buffer component in an axle radial runout measuring mechanism to provide buffering when a probe contacts the axle surface, thereby effectively absorbing instantaneous impact forces generated during the measurement process, preventing these impact forces from being directly transmitted to the axle surface, avoiding deformation of the axle surface, and improving measurement stability and accuracy; the first measuring device and the second measuring device can be adjusted by a slidably connected measuring rod and a measuring frame, and the probe can automatically adapt to axles of different diameters to ensure that the probe maintains an appropriate contact force with the outer diameter of the axle during the measurement process; the adaptive adjustment capability avoids measurement errors caused by changes in axle diameter, thereby improving the versatility and applicability of the device, and is suitable for radial runout measurement of axles of various specifications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic axle measuring equipment of this invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the axle length measuring mechanism of the present invention from a side perspective.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the axle length measuring mechanism of the present invention from another side perspective.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the radial drive module of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the housing of the axle length measuring mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the axle measuring device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the axle radial runout measuring mechanism of the present invention from a side perspective.

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the axle radial runout measuring mechanism of the present invention from another side perspective.

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the axle radial runout measuring mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Fig.10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first measuring device of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.11It is a schematic structural diagram of the second measuring device of the present invention.

[0030] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the first elastic buffer component of the present invention.

[0031] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the second elastic buffer component of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the protective shell structure of the axle radial runout measuring mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.15 It is a structural schematic diagram of the axle positioning support mechanism of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the axle length measuring mechanism and the axle radial runout measuring mechanism of the present invention during testing.

[0035] Fig.17 It is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed top assembly of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.18 It is a structural schematic diagram of the movable positioning top assembly of the present invention.

[0037] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the axle side structure of the axle to be tested of the present invention.

[0038] Description of the Figures in the Specification: 100, axle to be tested; 110, axle body; 120, first journal; 130, second journal; 200. Measurement platform; 300, axle positioning support mechanism; 3-1, rotary drive motor; 3-2, servo push cylinder; 3-3, fixed center assembly; 3-31, fixed seat; 3-32, rotating disk; 3-33, first center; 3-34, positioning column; 3-4, movable positioning center assembly; 3-41, movable seat; 3-42, fixed disk; 3-43, second center; 3-5, first support rail; 3-6, second support rail; 3-7, push seat; 3-8, screw rod adjustment assembly; 400, axle length measuring mechanism; 4-1, base; 4-11, photoelectric switch; 4-12, housing; 4-2, radial measurement grating ruler; 4-21, grating reading head; 4-3, radial drive module; 4-31, lead screw seat; 4-32, lead screw; 4-33, slide rail; 4-34, nut; 4-35, slider; 4-36, servo drive motor; 4-37, first synchronous wheel; 4-38, second synchronous wheel; 4-39, synchronous belt; 4-4, mobile rack; 4-6, visual device; 4-61, visual camera; 4-62, parallel light source; 4-63, lens holder; 4-64, light source cover; 4-65, telecentric lens; 4-7. Axial measurement grating ruler; 500, axle radial runout measuring mechanism; 5-1, support seat; 5-11, first guide rail; 5-12, first slide; 5-13, second guide rail; 5-14, second slide; 5-15, protective shell; 5-2, first measuring device; 5-21, measuring rod; 5-22, first measuring head; 5-23, first displacement detection assembly; 5-231, first grating ruler; 5-232, first reading head; 5-3, first driving device; 5-31, first servo electric cylinder; 5-32, first electric cylinder slide; 5-4, first elastic buffer assembly; 5-41, first movable frame; 5-42, first connecting seat; 5-43, first spring; 5-44, first spring guide column; 5-5, second measuring device; 5-51, measuring frame; 5-52, second measuring head; 5-53, second displacement detection assembly; 5-531, second grating ruler; 5-532, second reading head; 5-6, second driving device; 5-61, second servo electric cylinder; 5-62, second electric cylinder slide; 5-7, second elastic buffer assembly; 5-71, second movable frame; 5-72, second connecting seat; 5-73, second spring; 5-74, second spring guide column; 600. Axial drive module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0040] In the present invention, if directions (up, down, left, right, front and back) are described, it is only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and does not indicate or imply that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0041] In the present invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" and the like are understood to exclude the number itself; "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the number itself. In the description of the present invention, if there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0042] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, the words "set", "install", "connect" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; they can be fixedly connected or detachably connected or integrally formed; they can be mechanically connected or electrically connected or able to communicate with each other; they can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 7 As shown, an axle automatic measuring device of the present invention includes a measuring platform 200, on which are provided: The axle positioning support mechanism 300 is used to position the axle 100 to be tested and can drive the axle 100 to be tested to rotate; the axle 100 to be tested includes an axle body 110 and a first journal 120 and a second journal 130 respectively connected to both ends of the axle body 110; The axle length measuring mechanism 400 is arranged on one side of the axle positioning support mechanism 300, and includes a base 4-1, a radial measuring grating ruler 4-2, an axial measuring grating ruler 4-7, a moving frame 4-4, a radial driving module 4-3 and a visual device 4-6; The radial measuring scale 4-2 is arranged on the base 4-1 and extends along the radial direction of the axle 100 to be measured; the mobile frame 4-4 is slidably connected to the base 4-1 along the length direction of the radial measuring scale 4-2; the axial measuring scale 4-7 is arranged along the axial direction of the axle 100 to be measured; the radial driving module 4-3 is installed on the base 4-1 and drives the mobile frame 4-4 to move; the visual device 4-6 is installed on the mobile frame 4-4; The axle radial runout measuring mechanism 500 is arranged on one side of the axle positioning support mechanism 300, and includes a support seat 5-1 and a first measuring device 5-2, a first driving device 5-3, a second measuring device 5-5 and a second driving device 5-6 arranged on the support seat 5-1; Wherein, the first measuring device 5-2 comprises a measuring rod 5-21 slidably connected to the support seat 5-1, a first probe 5-22 installed at the end of the measuring rod 5-21, and a first displacement detection component 5-23 for detecting the displacement of the first probe 5-22; The first driving device 5-3 is used to drive the measuring rod 5-21 to move, and a first elastic buffer component 5-4 is provided between the driving end of the first driving device 5-3 and the measuring rod 5-21; The second measuring device 5-5 comprises a measuring frame 5-51 slidably connected to the support seat 5-1, a second probe 5-52 mounted on the measuring frame 5-51, and a second displacement detection assembly 5-53 for detecting the displacement of the second probe 5-52. The measuring frame 5-51 can be arranged across the radial sides of the axle 100 to be measured, and the first probe 5-22 and the second probe 5-52 are arranged opposite to each other and can contact the radial ends of the axle 100 to be measured. The second driving device 5-6 is used to drive the measuring frame 5-51 to move, and a second elastic buffer component 5-7 is provided between the driving end of the first driving device 5-3 and the measuring frame 5-51; The axial driving module 600 is used to drive the axle length measuring mechanism 400 and the axle radial runout measuring mechanism 500 to move along the axial direction of the axle 100 to be measured.

[0044] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the radial drive module 4-3 includes: The screw seat 4-31 is installed on the base 4-1; The lead screw 4-32 is rotatably connected to the lead screw seat 4-31 and is arranged parallel to the radial measuring grating scale 4-2; A slide rail 4-33 is mounted on the base 4-1 and arranged parallel to the lead screw 4-32; A nut 4-34, slidably connected to the lead screw 4-32; The slider 4-35 is connected to the nut 4-34 and the moving frame 4-4 respectively and is slidably connected to the slide rail 4-33; the slider 4-35 is equipped with a grating reading head 4-21 that matches the radial measuring grating scale 4-2; in addition, a reading head that matches the axial driving module is also installed on the base. A photoelectric switch 4-11 for detecting the position of the slider 4-35 is installed on one side of the slide rail 4-33 on the base 4-1; A power assembly is used to drive the screw 4-32 to rotate, including a servo drive motor 4-36. The driving end of the servo drive motor 4-36 is equipped with a first synchronous wheel 4-37, and the end of the screw 4-32 is equipped with a second synchronous wheel 4-38. A synchronous belt 4-39 is connected between the first synchronous wheel 4-37 and the second synchronous wheel 4-38.

[0045] By adopting the combination of (ball) screw 4-32 and slide rail 4-33, accurate linear motion control is achieved. The screw 4-32 structure can effectively reduce friction and provide high-precision positioning, while the design of the slide rail 4-33 ensures the smoothness and reliability of movement. The power component drives the screw 4-32 to rotate, thereby driving the linear movement of the nut 4-34 and the slider 4-35. This structure can achieve accurate axial positioning in a small space and is suitable for measurement scenarios that require high precision and high stability.

[0046] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the mobile frame 4-4 is arranged across the radial sides of the axle 100 to be tested, and the visual device 4-6 includes a visual camera 4-61 and a parallel light source 4-62 respectively installed at both ends of the mobile frame 4-4, and the visual camera 4-61 and the parallel light source 4-62 are arranged opposite to each other and are located on the radial sides of the axle 100 to be tested; The movable frame 4-4 is installed with a lens holder 4-63 and a light source cover 4-64, the lens holder 4-63 is installed with a telecentric lens 4-65 connected to the visual camera 4-61, and the light source cover 4-64 is covered on the parallel light source 4-62.

[0047] Vision camera 4-61 is an industrial digital camera used to capture images. It can convert the physical characteristics of an object (such as shape, color, texture) into digital image data. Its core components usually include image sensors (such as CCD or CMOS sensors), lenses, image processing chips, etc.

[0048] Telecentric lens 4-65 is a special industrial lens. Telecentric lens 4-65 is a lens with constant magnification within a certain working distance range. The image size obtained by telecentric lens 4-65 will not change with the displacement of the object.

[0049] The line types on both sides (a and b) of the connection between the first journal 120 and the second journal 130 and the axle body 110 are extracted by the visual device 4 - 6 (visual camera 4 - 61 ), and the line types are arcs and / or straight lines.

[0050] The visual device 4-6 (including the visual camera 4-61 and the telecentric lens 4-65) is installed on the mobile frame 4-4, and can take pictures and perform image analysis on different parts of the axle. Through the image processing algorithm, the visual device 4-6 can extract the image of each feature on the axle.

[0051] By combining the visual camera 4-61 with the radial measuring grating scale 4-2 and the axial measuring grating scale 4-7, through the high-precision position feedback of the radial measuring grating scale 4-2 and the axial measuring grating scale 4-7 and the image processing of the visual device 4-6, the characteristic points of different parts of the axle (such as the connection point between the journal and the axle body 110, point C) can be accurately located, thereby achieving high-precision axle length measurement and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the measurement.

[0052] Reference Figure 5 As shown, in order to protect the internal components, a shell 4-12 is provided to cooperate with the base 4-1, and the shell 4-12 can cover each device, leaving only the mobile frame 4-4 and the visual device 4-6 extended.

[0053] S1, the visual device 4-6 moves to one radial side of the first journal 120, obtains the first radial grating scale coordinate system position, the first axial grating scale coordinate system position and the first visual coordinate system position of the first intersection, and the visual device 4-6 moves to the other radial side of the first journal 120, obtains the second radial grating scale coordinate system position, the second axial grating scale coordinate system position and the second visual coordinate system position of the second intersection; wherein the first intersection and the second intersection correspond to the connection points of the first journal 120 and the axle body 110 on both radial sides of the first journal 120; S2, determining the world coordinate system position of the first intersection point according to the first radial grating scale coordinate system position, the first axial grating scale coordinate system position and the first visual coordinate system position, and determining the world coordinate system position of the second intersection point according to the second radial grating scale coordinate system position, the second axial grating scale coordinate system position and the second visual coordinate system position; S3, the visual device 4-6 moves to one radial side of the second journal 130, obtains the third radial grating scale coordinate system position, the third axial grating scale coordinate system position and the third visual coordinate system position of the third intersection, and the visual device 4-6 moves to the other radial side of the second journal 130, obtains the fourth radial grating scale coordinate system position, the fourth axial grating scale coordinate system position and the fourth visual coordinate system position of the fourth intersection; wherein the third intersection and the fourth intersection correspond to the connection points of the second journal 130 and the axle body 110 on both radial sides of the second journal 130, respectively; S4, determining the world coordinate system position of the third intersection according to the third radial grating scale coordinate system position, the third axial grating scale coordinate system position and the third visual coordinate system position, and determining the world coordinate system position of the fourth intersection according to the fourth radial grating scale coordinate system position, the fourth axial grating scale coordinate system position and the fourth visual coordinate system position; S5, acquiring a first line segment between the first visual coordinate system position and the second visual coordinate system position, and a second line segment between the third visual coordinate system position and the fourth visual coordinate system position; S6. Obtain the length of the axle body 110 according to the length of a perpendicular line from the midpoint of the first line segment to the second line segment.

[0054] The specific operation is as follows: at the beginning of the measurement, the visual device 4-6 is moved to the leftmost side of the axle. Then, the visual device 4-6 is moved to the first journal 120 on the left side of the axle 100 to be measured by the axial drive module 600, and the reading of the axial measurement grating ruler 4-7 is recorded at this time to obtain the grating X coordinate; The visual camera 4-61 is driven up and down by the radial drive module 4-3 to ensure that the field of view of the visual camera 4-61 can cover the top of the axle 100 to be measured, and the reading of the radial measurement grating ruler 4-2 at this time is recorded to obtain the grating Z coordinate; If there is a chamfer (arc) on one side of the measured journal, first extract the arc curve on the chamfered side (arc side) of the journal, and then extract the straight line on the other side of the journal; If there is no chamfer (arc) on one side of the measured journal, directly extract the vertical line on that side, and then extract the line to the other side of the journal; The (first and second) intersections of the extracted arc curve (or straight line) and the straight line are calculated. Given the resolution of the industrial camera, the visual coordinate system positions of these intersections (including the visual coordinate system X and Z coordinates of the intersections) are determined; the world coordinate system X coordinate of the intersection can be determined based on the grating X coordinate and the visual coordinate system X coordinate, and the world coordinate system Z coordinate of the intersection can be determined based on the grating Z coordinate and the visual coordinate system Z coordinate.

[0055] The visual camera 4-61 is driven downward by the radial drive module 4-3 so that the visual camera 4-61's field of view can include the bottom of the axle 100 to be tested, and the reading of the grating reading head 4-21 is recorded again; Perform feature extraction again on the arc side (if any) and the straight side of the journal. According to the intersection position in the camera coordinate system and the radial and axial grating scale coordinate system positions, convert the intersection position in the world coordinate system, and connect the two intersection points measured above and below into a line segment (the first line segment). Repeat the above steps, perform the same measurement and recording operations on the second journal 130 on the right side, obtain the corresponding grating position and the intersection point in the world coordinate system, and connect them into another line segment (the second line segment).

[0056] Finally, draw a perpendicular line from the midpoint of the first line segment (midpoint coordinates) to the second line segment, and determine the length of the measured axle based on the length of this perpendicular line (the distance between the midpoint coordinates of the first line segment and the midpoint coordinates of the second line segment).

[0057] It should be understood that the visual coordinate system is a coordinate system defined by the visual device 4-6 (industrial camera). It is usually based on the pixel coordinates of the camera sensor and is used to describe the relative position of objects in the image captured by the camera. The grating scale coordinate system is a coordinate system defined by the grating scale. The world coordinate system is a fixed, global reference coordinate system used to describe the absolute position in the entire measurement system. All measurement results must eventually be converted to this coordinate system to ensure the uniformity and consistency of the measurement data.

[0058] In this embodiment, the relationship between the visual coordinate system, the grating scale coordinate system and the world coordinate system is pre-calibrated by establishing a conversion relationship between different coordinate systems. By converting the measurement position in the visual coordinate system and the measurement position in the grating scale coordinate system into the position in the world coordinate system, it is ensured that all measurements are performed in the same coordinate system, thereby ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the measurement results.

[0059] The above measurement method can handle axles of different shapes and features, including the length measurement between the journals of arc sections to arc sections or arc sections to non-arc sections. It is suitable for axles of various complex shapes and can adapt to axles of different diameters and lengths, and has a wide range of applications.

[0060] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the support seat 5-1 is provided with a first guide rail 5-11 and a first slide 5-12 slidably connected to the first guide rail 5-11, and the measuring rod 5-21 is installed on the first slide 5-12; The support seat 5-1 is provided with a second guide rail 5-13 and a second slide 5-14 slidably connected to the second guide rail 5-13, and the measuring frame 5-51 is installed on the second slide 5-14.

[0061] Reference Fig. 9 As shown, the first guide rail 5-11 and the second guide rail 5-13 are both cross roller guide rails, and other guide rail structures can also be used. The material of the first probe 5-22 and the second probe 5-52 are both alloys.

[0062] In one embodiment, as shown in the figure, the first displacement detection component 5-23 includes a first grating ruler 5-231 disposed on the first slide 5-12 and a first reading head 5-232 installed on the support seat 5-1 and cooperating with the first grating ruler 5-231; The second displacement detection component 5-53 includes a second grating scale 5-531 arranged on the second slide 5-14 and a second reading head 5-532 installed on the support seat 5-1 and cooperating with the second grating scale 5-531.

[0063] Reference Fig.12 As shown, the first elastic buffer assembly 5-4 includes a first movable frame 5-41, a first connecting seat 5-42, a first spring 5-43 and a first spring guide column 5-44; The first movable frame 5-41 is installed on the first slide 5-12, and the first connecting seat 5-42 is installed on the driving end of the first driving device 5-3; A plurality of the first spring guide pillars 5-44 pass through the first movable frame 5-41 and are connected to the first connecting seat 5-42, and the first spring 5-43 is sleeved on the first spring guide pillars 5-44; The two ends of the first spring 5-43 are respectively against the first movable frame 5-41 and the first connecting seat 5-42; The first movable frame 5-41 is limited by one end of the first spring guide column 5-44.

[0064] Reference Fig.10 As shown, the first driving device 5-3 includes a first servo electric cylinder 5-31 installed on the supporting seat 5-1, and the first servo electric cylinder 5-31 is slidably connected with a first electric cylinder slide 5-32 connected to the telescopic rod of the first servo electric cylinder 5-31, and the first electric cylinder slide 5-32 is connected to the first connecting seat 5-42.

[0065] Reference Fig.13 As shown, the second elastic buffer assembly 5-7 includes a second movable frame 5-71, a second connecting seat 5-72, a second spring 5-73 and a second spring guide column 5-74; The second movable frame 5-71 is installed on the second slide 5-14, and the second connecting seat 5-72 is installed on the driving end of the second driving device 5-6; A plurality of the second spring guide pillars 5-74 pass through the second movable frame 5-71 and are connected to the second connecting seat 5-72; The second spring 5-73 is sleeved on the second spring guide post 5-74; The two ends of the second spring 5-73 are respectively against one end of the second spring guide column 5-74 and the second movable frame 5-71; The second movable frame 5-71 is limited by one end of the second spring guide column 5-74.

[0066] Reference Fig.11 As shown, the second driving device 5-6 includes a second servo electric cylinder 5-61 installed on the supporting seat 5-1, and the second electric cylinder slide 5-62 connected to the telescopic rod of the second servo electric cylinder 5-61 is slidably connected to the second electric cylinder slide 5-62, and the second electric cylinder slide 5-62 is connected to the second connecting seat 5-72.

[0067] It can be understood that when the first servo electric cylinder 5-31 pushes the first probe 5-22 to move toward the axle surface, the probe will contact the outer diameter surface of the axle, and the first spring 5-43 will be compressed. Since the first probe 5-22 is connected to the first movable frame 5-41 through the measuring rod 5-21, the displacement of the first probe 5-22 will cause the first movable frame 5-41 to be subjected to force through the first spring 5-43.

[0068] The first spring 5-43 can provide a buffering force. When the first probe 5-22 contacts the axle, if an instantaneous impact force is generated, the impact force will be absorbed by the first spring 5-43 to prevent it from being directly transmitted to the axle surface.

[0069] In addition, during the measurement process, when the first probe 5-22 is displaced, the first movable frame 5-41 will be displaced accordingly (the first spring 5-43 is always against the first movable frame 5-41) so as to be detected by the first measuring device 5-2.

[0070] The elastic coefficient of the first spring 5-43 provides an appropriate reaction force according to the actual measurement requirements, so that the contact force of the first probe 5-22 on the axle can be adaptively adjusted, thereby effectively preventing the deformation of the axle due to excessive force during the measurement process.

[0071] When the second servo electric cylinder 5-61 pulls the second probe 5-52 to move toward the axle surface, the second spring 5-73 will be compressed. Since the second probe 5-52 is connected to the first movable frame 5-41 through the measuring frame 5-51, the displacement of the second probe 5-52 will cause the second movable frame 5-71 to be acted upon by force through the second spring 5-73.

[0072] The second spring 5-73 can provide a buffering force. When the second probe 5-52 contacts the axle, if an instantaneous impact force is generated, the impact force will be absorbed by the second spring 5-73 to prevent it from being directly transmitted to the axle surface.

[0073] In addition, during the measurement process, when the second probe 5-52 is displaced, the second movable frame 5-71 will be displaced accordingly (the second spring 5-73 is always against the second movable frame 5-71) so as to be detected by the second measuring device 5-5.

[0074] The elastic coefficient of the second spring 5-73 provides an appropriate reaction force according to the actual measurement requirements, so that the contact force of the second probe 5-52 on the axle can be adaptively adjusted, thereby effectively preventing the deformation of the axle due to excessive force during the measurement process.

[0075] By providing the first elastic buffer component 5-4 and the second elastic buffer component 5-7, the deformation of the axle surface caused by the impact force generated during the driving process of the servo electric cylinder can be effectively reduced. By using the elastic coefficients of the first spring 5-43 and the second spring 5-73, the probe can adaptively adjust the force of pressing the axle. The mechanism has flexible measurement capabilities and can automatically adjust the distance between the first probe 5-22 and the second probe 5-52 according to the diameter change of the axle 100 to be measured to adapt to axles of different diameters.

[0076] Reference Fig.14 As shown, in order to protect the internal components, a protective shell 5-15 is also provided to cooperate with the support seat 5-1. The protective shell 5-15 can cover each device, leaving only the first probe 5-22, the measuring rod 5-21, the measuring frame 5-51 and the second probe 5-52 extending.

[0077] During measurement, the axle radial runout measuring mechanism 500 is moved axially along the axle 100 to be measured through the axial driving module 600 to the outer diameter position of the axle 100 to be measured.

[0078] The detection method of the axle radial runout measuring mechanism 500 includes: S1, driving the first measuring head 5-22 to move by the first driving device 5-3 until the first measuring head 5-22 contacts one side of the outer diameter of the position to be measured of the axle 100 to be measured; S2, driving the second measuring head 5-52 to move by the second driving device 5-6 until the second measuring head 5-52 contacts the other side of the outer diameter of the position to be measured of the axle 100 to be measured; S3, after the first measuring head 5-22 and the second measuring head 5-52 contact the axle 100 to be measured, lock the positions of the first driving device 5-3 and the second driving device 5-6; S4. Rotate the axle 100 to be tested, and obtain the radial runout of the axle 100 to be tested according to the displacement values ​​obtained by the first displacement detection component 5-23 and the second displacement detection component 5-53.

[0079] Specifically, at the beginning of the measurement, the positions of the first probe 5-22 and the second probe 5-52 in the measuring mechanism are preliminarily adjusted according to the known maximum diameter of the axle 100 to be measured; The first drive device 5 - 3 (first servo cylinder 5 - 31 ) drives the first measuring head 5 - 22 to move along the measuring rod 5 - 21 until it contacts the outer diameter side of the axle.

[0080] At the same time, the second drive device 5-6 (second servo cylinder 5-61) drives the second measuring head 5-52 to move along the measuring frame 5-51 until it contacts the other side of the outer diameter of the axle.

[0081] After the first measuring head 5-22 and the second measuring head 5-52 contact the axle, the positions of the first driving device 5-3 and the second driving device 5-6 are locked to keep the contact between the measuring heads and the axle stable.

[0082] The first elastic buffer component 5-4 and the second elastic buffer component 5-7 provide adaptive buffering capability, which can absorb the impact force generated by the servo electric cylinder during the driving process, and avoid directly transmitting it to the axle, thereby preventing the axle surface from being deformed; After locking the positions of the first measuring head 5-22 and the second measuring head 5-52, rotate the axle 100 to be measured.

[0083] During the rotation of the axle 100 to be measured, the radial runout detected by the first measuring head 5-22 and the second measuring head 5-52 is transmitted to the corresponding first slide 5-12 and the second slide 5-14 through the respective measuring rods 5-21 and the measuring frame 5-51.

[0084] The runout displacement is finally detected by the first grating scale 5-231 and the second grating scale 5-531, and the runout value ∆x measured by each grating scale is recorded by the first reading head 5-232 and the second reading head 5-532.

[0085] According to the runout value ∆x recorded by the grating ruler reading head, the radial runout value of the axle 100 to be tested is calculated.

[0086] In one embodiment, as shown in the drawings, the axial drive module 600 includes a servo linear module.

[0087] In one embodiment, as shown in the figure, the axle positioning support mechanism 300 includes a rotary drive motor 3-1, a servo push cylinder 3-2, a screw adjustment assembly 3-8, and a relatively arranged fixed top assembly 3-3 and a movable positioning top assembly 3-4; Wherein, the measuring platform 200 is provided with a first supporting rail 3 - 5 .

[0088] Reference Fig.17As shown, the fixed center assembly 3-3 includes a fixed seat 3-31, a rotating disk 3-32 installed on the fixed seat 3-31, and a first center 3-33 and a positioning column 3-34 installed on the rotating disk 3-32 and abutting against a positioning hole (as shown in the figure) on one axial end of the axle 100 to be tested, and the rotary drive motor 3-1 is used to drive the rotating disk 3-32 to rotate; Reference Fig.18 As shown, the movable positioning top assembly 3-4 includes a movable seat 3-41 slidably connected to the first support rail 3-5, a second support rail 3-6 arranged on the movable seat 3-41, a push seat 3-7 slidably connected to the second support rail 3-6, a fixed plate 3-42 installed on the push seat 3-7, and a second top 3-43 installed on the fixed plate 3-42 and abutting against the other axial end of the axle 100 to be tested, and the driving end of the servo push cylinder 3-2 is connected to the push seat 3-7; The screw adjustment assembly 3-8 is installed on the measuring platform 200 and is used to drive the movable seat 3-41 to slide along the first support rail 3-5.

[0089] In addition, the servo push cylinder 3-2 is equipped with a pressure monitoring sensor to ensure the stability of the tightening force and achieve accurate positioning and safe tightening of the extended position according to different shaft types.

[0090] The first top point 3-33, the second top point 3-43 and the positioning column 3-34 are made of elastic material to prevent the axle from being scratched during rotation.

[0091] In one embodiment, a truss manipulator, an RFID reader, a cache mechanism, and a control system are also provided; wherein the truss manipulator is responsible for loading and unloading the axle, and the RFID reader automatically reads the axle information; The control system includes a workstation, which adopts a workstation control method to improve the flexibility and convenience of operation; the control system includes a Chinese operation interface module: the control panel adopts a Chinese operation interface, has an operation wizard and work prompt functions, the interface is simple and easy to understand, can display measurement data in real time, and has data storage, printing, query and management functions, as well as data out-of-tolerance alarm function; The cache mechanism is used to store multiple axles and has corresponding positioning devices and workpiece detection functions to facilitate the truss robot to pick up and deliver and provide real-time feedback on the current storage status of the axles; by arranging corresponding photoelectric sensors on the cache mechanism, it is possible to detect whether the workpiece is stored on the cache mechanism.

[0092] In addition, the automated measuring equipment has a three-color alarm light. Different lights appear in different situations. Specifically: the green light is on or flashing when the equipment is working normally; the yellow light is on or flashing when the equipment measures out of tolerance; the red light is on or flashing when the equipment fails or the emergency stop is pressed, and there is a buzzer alarm.

[0093] During operation, the axle 100 to be tested is first placed in the buffer mechanism, waiting for subsequent measurement preparation.

[0094] The truss manipulator transfers the axle from the buffer mechanism to the axle positioning support mechanism 300 for positioning; The axle is lifted and fixedly positioned by the fixed top assembly 3-3 and the movable positioning top assembly 3-4, and at the same time, the rotary drive device drives the axle to rotate through the threaded hole at the end of the axle to ensure that it maintains a correct posture during the measurement process.

[0095] The RFID reader automatically reads the axle information, and each measuring component automatically measures the dimensional data of each part of the axle based on the read information.

[0096] After the measurement is completed, the axle is released and removed from the axle positioning support mechanism 300. The measurement data is input into the computer-aided measuring instrument for display and uploaded to the control system.

[0097] When the truss manipulator removes the axle from the measuring device, the control system automatically determines the eligibility of the measured data. Unqualified products can be tested again, and if they are still unqualified, they will be treated as unqualified parts. Unqualified parts can be released as qualified parts after manual confirmation to ensure the final product quality.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above specific implementation methods are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An axle automatic measuring device, characterized in that: It comprises a measuring platform (200), on which is arranged: An axle positioning support mechanism (300) is used to position the axle (100) to be tested and is capable of driving the axle (100) to be tested to rotate; An axle length measuring mechanism (400) is arranged on one side of the axle positioning support mechanism (300), comprising a base (4-1), a radial measuring grating ruler (4-2), an axial measuring grating ruler (4-7), a moving frame (4-4), a radial driving module (4-3) and a visual device (4-6); The radial measuring grating ruler (4-2) is arranged on the base (4-1) and extends along the radial direction of the axle (100) to be measured; the moving frame (4-4) is slidably connected to the base (4-1) along the length direction of the radial measuring grating ruler (4-2); the axial measuring grating ruler (4-7) is arranged along the axial direction of the axle (100) to be measured; the radial driving module (4-3) is installed on the base (4-1) and drives the moving frame (4-4) to move; and the visual device (4-6) is installed on the moving frame (4-4); An axle radial runout measuring mechanism (500) is arranged on one side of the axle positioning support mechanism (300), comprising a support seat (5-1) and a first measuring device (5-2), a first driving device (5-3), a second measuring device (5-5) and a second driving device (5-6) arranged on the support seat (5-1); The first measuring device (5-2) comprises a measuring rod (5-21) slidably connected to the support seat (5-1), a first measuring head (5-22) mounted on the end of the measuring rod (5-21), and a first displacement detection component (5-23) for detecting the displacement of the first measuring head (5-22); The first driving device (5-3) is used to drive the measuring rod (5-21) to move, and a first elastic buffer component (5-4) is provided between the driving end of the first driving device (5-3) and the measuring rod (5-21); The second measuring device (5-5) comprises a measuring frame (5-51) slidably connected to the support seat (5-1), a second measuring head (5-52) mounted on the measuring frame (5-51), and a second displacement detection assembly (5-53) for detecting the displacement of the second measuring head (5-52); the measuring frame (5-51) can be arranged across two radial sides of the axle (100) to be measured; the first measuring head (5-22) and the second measuring head (5-52) are arranged opposite to each other and can contact two radial ends of the axle (100) to be measured; The second driving device (5-6) is used to drive the measuring frame (5-51) to move, and a second elastic buffer component (5-7) is provided between the driving end of the first driving device (5-3) and the measuring frame (5-51); The axial drive module (600) is used to drive the axle length measuring mechanism (400) and the axle radial runout measuring mechanism (500) to move together along the axial direction of the axle (100) to be measured.

2. The axle automatic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial drive module (4-3) comprises: A lead screw seat (4-31) is mounted on the base (4-1); A lead screw (4-32) is rotatably connected to the lead screw seat (4-31) and is arranged parallel to the radial measuring grating scale (4-2); A slide rail (4-33) mounted on the base (4-1) and arranged parallel to the lead screw (4-32); A nut (4-34) slidably connected to the lead screw (4-32); A slider (4-35) is respectively connected to the nut (4-34) and the movable frame (4-4) and is slidably connected to the slide rail (4-33); a grating reading head (4-21) matching the radial measuring grating scale (4-2) is installed on the slider (4-35); a photoelectric switch (4-11) for detecting the position of the slider (4-35) is installed on the base (4-1) on one side of the slide rail (4-33); A power assembly is used to drive the lead screw (4-32) to rotate, comprising a servo drive motor (4-36), a driving end of the servo drive motor (4-36) is mounted with a first synchronous wheel (4-37), an end of the lead screw (4-32) is mounted with a second synchronous wheel (4-38), and a synchronous belt (4-39) is connected between the first synchronous wheel (4-37) and the second synchronous wheel (4-38).

3. The axle automatic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable frame (4-4) is arranged across the radial sides of the axle (100) to be tested, and the visual device (4-6) comprises a visual camera (4-61) and a parallel light source (4-62) respectively mounted on two ends of the movable frame (4-4), and the visual camera (4-61) and the parallel light source (4-62) are arranged opposite to each other and are located on the radial sides of the axle (100) to be tested; The movable frame (4-4) is installed with a lens support (4-63) and a light source cover (4-64); the lens support (4-63) is installed with a telecentric lens (4-65) connected to the visual camera (4-61); and the light source cover (4-64) is covered by the parallel light source (4-62).

4. The axle automatic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support seat (5-1) is provided with a first guide rail (5-11) and a first slide table (5-12) slidably connected to the first guide rail (5-11), and the measuring rod (5-21) is mounted on the first slide table (5-12); The support seat (5-1) is provided with a second guide rail (5-13) and a second slide table (5-14) slidably connected to the second guide rail (5-13), and the measuring frame (5-51) is installed on the second slide table (5-14).

5. The axle automatic measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first displacement detection component (5-23) comprises a first grating ruler (5-231) arranged on the first slide (5-12) and a first reading head (5-232) installed on the support seat (5-1) and cooperating with the first grating ruler (5-231); The second displacement detection component (5-53) comprises a second grating ruler (5-531) arranged on the second slide (5-14) and a second reading head (5-532) installed on the support seat (5-1) and cooperating with the second grating ruler (5-531).

6. The axle automatic measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first elastic buffer component (5-4) comprises a first movable frame (5-41), a first connecting seat (5-42), a first spring (5-43) and a first spring guide column (5-44); The first movable frame (5-41) is installed on the first slide table (5-12), and the first connecting seat (5-42) is installed on the driving end of the first driving device (5-3); A plurality of the first spring guide pillars (5-44) pass through the first movable frame (5-41) and are connected to the first connecting seat (5-42); the first spring (5-43) is sleeved on the first spring guide pillars (5-44); Two ends of the first spring (5-43) respectively abut against the first movable frame (5-41) and the first connecting seat (5-42); The first movable frame (5-41) is limited by one end of the first spring guide column (5-44).

7. The axle automatic measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first driving device (5-3) comprises a first servo electric cylinder (5-31) mounted on the support seat (5-1), the first servo electric cylinder (5-31) being slidably connected to a first electric cylinder slide (5-32) connected to a telescopic rod of the first servo electric cylinder (5-31), and the first electric cylinder slide (5-32) being connected to the first connecting seat (5-42).

8. The axle automatic measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second elastic buffer component (5-7) comprises a second movable frame (5-71), a second connecting seat (5-72), a second spring (5-73) and a second spring guide column (5-74); The second movable frame (5-71) is installed on the second slide table (5-14), and the second connecting seat (5-72) is installed on the driving end of the second driving device (5-6); A plurality of the second spring guide pillars (5-74) pass through the second movable frame (5-71) and are connected to the second connecting seat (5-72); The second spring (5-73) is sleeved on the second spring guide column (5-74); Two ends of the second spring (5-73) respectively abut against one end of the second spring guide column (5-74) and the second movable frame (5-71); The second movable frame (5-71) is limited by one end of the second spring guide column (5-74).

9. The axle automatic measuring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second driving device (5-6) comprises a second servo electric cylinder (5-61) mounted on the support seat (5-1), the second servo electric cylinder (5-61) being slidably connected to a second electric cylinder slide (5-62) connected to a telescopic rod of the second servo electric cylinder (5-61), and the second electric cylinder slide (5-62) is connected to the second connecting seat (5-72).

10. The axle automatic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axle positioning support mechanism (300) comprises a rotary drive motor (3-1), a servo push cylinder (3-2), a screw adjustment assembly (3-8), and a relatively arranged fixed top assembly (3-3) and a movable positioning top assembly (3-4); Wherein, the measuring platform (200) is provided with a first support rail (3-5); The fixed center assembly (3-3) comprises a fixed seat (3-31), a rotating disk (3-32) mounted on the fixed seat (3-31), and a first center (3-33) and a positioning column (3-34) mounted on the rotating disk (3-32) and abutting against a positioning hole on one axial end of the axle (100) to be tested; the rotary drive motor (3-1) is used to drive the rotating disk (3-32) to rotate; The movable positioning top assembly (3-4) comprises a movable seat (3-41) slidably connected to the first support rail (3-5), a second support rail (3-6) arranged on the movable seat (3-41), a push seat (3-7) slidably connected to the second support rail (3-6), a fixed plate (3-42) mounted on the push seat (3-7), and a second top (3-43) mounted on the fixed plate (3-42) and abutting against the other axial end of the axle (100) to be tested, and the driving end of the servo push cylinder (3-2) is connected to the push seat (3-7); The screw rod adjustment assembly (3-8) is mounted on the measuring platform (200) and is used to drive the movable seat (3-41) to slide along the first supporting rail (3-5).

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