Mechatronics processing equipment for Ruban mortise and tenon wood structure of ancient building

Abstract

The invention relates to mechanical and electrical integrated machining equipment for a Ruban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building, which can automatically adjust cutting parameters according to the hardness of wood, reduce tool wear and unnecessary load while improving the machining speed and efficiency, and improve the machining efficiency by monitoring and adjusting the parallelism deviation between a cutterhead and a working platform in real time. The consistency of machining precision and product quality is ensured, the interruption time in the machining process is shortened, vibration generated when the cutter head rotates at a high speed is further reduced through dynamic balance detection and adjustment, the stability of the machining process is improved, the service life of the cutter is prolonged, the stability of the cutter in the machining process is ensured through a clamping force self-adjusting mechanism, vibration is reduced, and the machining efficiency is improved. In addition, the cooling and dust removing system effectively removes wood chips and dust generated in the machining process, the working environment is improved, the equipment maintenance cost is reduced, the service life of equipment is prolonged, and the production efficiency and the machining precision are improved through the comprehensive measures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a mechatronics processing device for a Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building, and in particular to a mechatronics processing device for a Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building applied in the technical field of wood structure finishing. Background Art

[0002] The traditional wood mortise and tenon processing often relies on manual operation or semi-automatic equipment, which leads to low processing efficiency and difficulty in ensuring processing accuracy. Especially when facing wood of different hardness, the adjustment of cutting parameters often requires experienced operators to perform manually, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also easy to introduce human errors. In addition, the parallelism deviation between the tool and the work platform and the dynamic balance problem of the equipment will seriously affect the processing quality and increase maintenance costs. Traditional equipment also faces the problem of difficulty in adjusting the clamping force. Excessive clamping force may cause the tool to deform, while insufficient clamping force will lead to unstable processing. Finally, the large amount of sawdust and dust generated during the processing not only pollutes the environment, but also may accelerate the wear of internal parts of the equipment and increase the maintenance frequency.

[0003] The specification of Chinese invention patent CN110877382B discloses a slotting machine and processing method for wood structure production, including a workbench, two side panels, a fixing device, a depth setting device, a splitting device and a slotting device, the upper end of the workbench is symmetrically welded with side panels, a fixing device is arranged inside the side panel, the fixing device is installed on the upper end of the workbench by welding, a depth setting device is installed on the lower left end of the side panel, a splitting device is installed on the left side of the side panel, and a slotting device is installed on the right side of the side panel. The slotting machine and processing method for wood structure production provided by the present invention can solve the problems that when manually slotting, the slotting length is long and the texture of the wood is hard, so that the position of the slot is offset, thereby reducing the slotting efficiency, and the existing wood slotting equipment, when slotting, because one tool can usually only open one kind of slot, when slotting different widths and depths, the process of replacing the tool is cumbersome, resulting in a long slotting time for wood.

[0004] The above design uses a slotting device to enable the cutting knife to cut slots of different depths and widths, reducing the number of slotting tools used and the tedious process of tool changing, and improving the slotting efficiency. However, there are still certain limitations, such as low processing accuracy, inability to automatically adjust cutting parameters, and insufficient dust removal. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the key technical problems in the mortise and tenon processing process by integrating advanced sensing technology and intelligent control algorithms, including automatic adjustment of cutting parameters, real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of parallelism deviation, dynamic balance detection and adjustment, self-adjustment of clamping force, etc., so as to improve the automation level, processing efficiency and precision of wood mortise and tenon processing, while reducing maintenance costs and extending the service life of equipment.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a mechatronics processing equipment for the Lu Ban mortise and tenon wooden structure of an ancient building, comprising a cutter disc, a plurality of vibration transmission arms are arranged in contact with the bottom end of the cutter disc, the bottom ends of the plurality of vibration transmission arms are fixedly connected with piezoelectric ceramic stacks, the outer ends of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic stacks are slidably connected with a packaging layer, the outer wall of the packaging layer is fixedly connected with a heat dissipation layer, the bottom end of the heat dissipation layer is fixedly connected with a conductive outer ring, the inner end of the conductive outer ring is rotatably connected with a conductive inner ring, the top end of the cutter disc is fixedly connected with an adjustment ring, the top end of the cutter disc is contacted with a coil bracket, the outer end of the coil bracket is wound with an adjustment coil, the inner end of the cutter disc is fixedly connected with a clamping shaft, an annular cavity is provided inside the clamping shaft, an oil chamber is provided inside the clamping shaft, a piston is slidably connected to the inner wall of the annular cavity, and a permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the top of the piston.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present application, multiple vibration transmission arms are distributed in a circular array around the axis of the cutter disc, multiple piezoelectric ceramic stacks are distributed in a circular array around the axis of the cutter disc, the inner end of the conductive outer ring is fixedly connected to the clamping shaft, and the heat dissipation layer is slidably connected to the vibration transmission arm.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present application, the packaging layer is fan-shaped, and is made of a high molecular polymer material with good insulation properties and mechanical strength, preferably polyimide, and the heat dissipation layer is made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity, preferably copper alloy or aluminum alloy.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present application, the piezoelectric ceramic stack is electrically connected to a control system through a wire. The piezoelectric ceramic stack is composed of a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets, each layer of which has a thickness between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, preferably 0.2 mm. The piezoelectric ceramic stack is made of lead zirconate titanate material, and the outer dimensions of the piezoelectric ceramic stack are fan-shaped. An annular electrode is provided on the side of the piezoelectric ceramic stack, and the outer surface of the piezoelectric ceramic stack is coated with a protective coating, which is made of polyimide material with a thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm, preferably 0.075 mm.

[0010] As another improvement of the present application, the interior of the adjustment ring is filled with a magnetic fluid, which is made of ferromagnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a silicone oil matrix. The concentration of the magnetic fluid is between 10% and 30%, preferably 20%, the viscosity of the magnetic fluid is 10 to 30 centipoise, preferably 20 centipoise, and the magnetic particle size of the magnetic fluid is less than 100 nanometers, preferably 50 nanometers.

[0011] As another improved supplement of the present application, the bottom end of the conductive inner ring is fixedly connected to a dust cover, the coil bracket is fixedly connected to the dust cover through a support rod, the bottom end of the dust cover is fixedly connected to an annular bracket, and the inner end of the annular bracket is rotatably connected to the clamping shaft, the outer end of the annular bracket is wrapped with a voltage regulating coil, the outer end of the dust cover is fixedly connected to a negative pressure tube, and the negative pressure tube passes through the dust cover and is connected to the dust cover, and the outer end of the dust cover is fixedly connected to an ultrasonic sensor.

[0012] As another improved supplement of the present application, a plurality of knife grooves are provided at the outer end of the knife disc, and a blade is fixedly connected to the inner end of the knife groove. The blade is made of nickel-titanium alloy material, which has a good shape memory effect. The shape variation range of the blade is ±0.5mm, and the preferred variation range is ±0.25mm. The activation temperature of the blade is between 40°C and 60°C, and the preferred activation temperature is 50°C.

[0013] As another improvement of the present application, a plurality of annular grooves are provided on the outer wall of the clamping shaft, and the oil cavity is filled with hydraulic oil. The hydraulic oil is a synthetic ester-based hydraulic oil. The viscosity grade of the hydraulic oil is ISOVG32, and the preferred viscosity grade is ISOVG46. The operating temperature range of the hydraulic oil is between -40°C and 100°C, and the preferred operating temperature range is -30°C to 80°C.

[0014] The steps include: S1, automatic adjustment of cutting parameters; The ultrasonic sensor and piezoelectric ceramic stack monitor the wood hardness and tool vibration in real time, and automatically adjust the speed of the clamping shaft and the feed speed of the tool to adapt to wood of different hardness; S2, parallelism detection; The piezoelectric ceramic stack is used to monitor the parallelism deviation of the tool disc in real time, and the parallelism deviation is compensated by adjusting the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic stack to ensure processing accuracy.

[0015] S3, dynamic balance adjustment; The dynamic balance deviation is detected by the piezoelectric ceramic stack, and the magnetic field generated by the regulating coil is used to drive the flow of magnetic fluid to adjust the mass distribution of the cutter disc and realize dynamic balance adjustment.

[0016] S4, self-adjustment of clamping force; The clamping force is automatically adjusted by analyzing the characteristics of the vibration signal. When the clamping force is detected to be inappropriate, the position of the permanent magnet and the piston is adjusted through the voltage regulating coil to change the pressure in the oil chamber to achieve automatic adjustment of the clamping force. S5, cooling and dust removal; The negative pressure generated by the negative pressure equipment is used to remove wood chips and dust generated during the processing through the negative pressure tube, and to provide heat dissipation for the piezoelectric ceramic stack, regulating coil and voltage regulating coil.

[0017] In summary, the application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Automatic adjustment of cutting parameters; automatically adjust cutting parameters according to the hardness of the wood, avoiding the tedious process of manual adjustment, reducing downtime, real-time monitoring and rapid adjustment of cutting parameters, improving processing speed and efficiency, by monitoring tool vibration and adjusting cutting parameters, vibration can be reduced, the quality of the processed surface can be improved, and cutting parameters can be reasonably adjusted to avoid overcutting or undercutting, reducing tool wear, and automatically adjusting according to the hardness of the wood and the state of the tool to reduce unnecessary load on the tool.

[0018] 2. Parallelism detection and adjustment: The piezoelectric ceramic stack combined with intelligent algorithms can detect and adjust the parallelism deviation between the cutter disc and the work platform in real time, which can improve the processing accuracy and reduce the processing error caused by poor parallelism. This ensures the consistency of parallelism of each processing batch and improves the consistency of product quality. The deviation is monitored in real time and adjusted automatically to form a closed-loop control, which reduces the interruption time during the processing. By reducing the parallelism deviation between the cutter disc and the work platform, the noise level during the processing can be reduced. Automated adjustment reduces the maintenance frequency and simplifies the maintenance work.

[0019] 3. Dynamic balancing detection and adjustment; dynamic balancing adjustment can significantly reduce the vibration generated by rotating parts when running at high speed, which helps to reduce mechanical noise and improve the working environment. Reducing vibration means better stability of the tool or cutter head during processing. Reduced vibration can reduce wear on the tool and other mechanical parts and reduce maintenance costs. Rotating parts with good dynamic balance can run stably at higher speeds, and faster cutting speeds and feed rates can be used to improve production efficiency.

[0020] 4. Self-adjustment of clamping force; Appropriate clamping force can prevent the blade from moving during processing, improve processing accuracy, and avoid deformation of the cutter head due to excessive clamping force. Appropriate clamping force can reduce vibration during processing, reduce tool wear, and extend its service life. Automatic adjustment of clamping force reduces the time required for manual adjustment and reduces the probability of failure during processing.

[0021] 5. Cooling and dust removal; The negative pressure system can timely and effectively remove the wood chips and dust generated during the processing, improve the working environment of the workshop, and reduce the cleaning time after processing by timely removing wood chips and dust, thereby improving the overall work efficiency. Removing wood chips and dust can reduce the wear of internal parts of the equipment and extend the service life of the equipment. The flowing gas can help key components such as piezoelectric ceramic stacks, regulating coils and voltage regulating coils to dissipate heat and avoid failures caused by overheating. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is the first partial view of this application; Figure 2 This is the second partial view of this application; Figure 3 This is the third partial view of this application; Figure 4 This is the fourth partial view of this application; Figure 5 This is the fifth partial view of the present application; Figure 6 This is the main view of this application; Figure 7 It is the AA cross-sectional view of this application; Figure 8 It is the BB cross-sectional view of this application; Fig. 9 This is the sixth partial view of the present application; Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application.

[0023] Description of the numbers in the figure: 1. Cutter disc; 2. Vibration transmission arm; 3. Piezoelectric ceramic stack; 4. Packaging layer; 5. Heat dissipation layer; 6. Conductive outer ring; 7. Conductive inner ring; 8. Adjustment ring; 9. Coil bracket; 10. Adjustment coil; 11. Clamping shaft; 12. Annular cavity; 13. Oil chamber; 14. Piston; 15. Permanent magnet; 16. Magnetic fluid; 17. Dust cover; 18. Annular bracket; 19. Voltage regulating coil; 20. Negative pressure tube; 21. Ultrasonic sensor; 22. Cutter groove; 23. Blade; 24. Ring groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is a detailed description of three implementation methods of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The first implementation method: Figure 1-10 Shown.

[0026] A mechatronics processing device for the Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building comprises a cutter disc 1, a plurality of vibration transmission arms 2 are arranged in contact with the bottom end of the cutter disc 1, a piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the plurality of vibration transmission arms 2, a packaging layer 4 is slidably connected to the outer ends of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3, a heat dissipation layer 5 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the packaging layer 4, a conductive outer ring 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the heat dissipation layer 5, a conductive inner ring 7 is rotatably connected to the inner end of the conductive outer ring 6, an adjusting ring 8 is fixedly connected to the top end of the cutter disc 1, a coil support 9 is arranged in contact with the top end of the cutter disc 1, an adjusting coil 10 is wound around the outer end of the coil support 9, a clamping shaft 11 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the cutter disc 1, an annular cavity 12 is provided inside the clamping shaft 11, an oil chamber 13 is provided inside the clamping shaft 11, a piston 14 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the annular cavity 12, and a permanent magnet 15 is fixedly connected to the top end of the piston 14.

[0027] The tool disc 1 is used for wood processing, and a plurality of vibration transmission arms 2 are arranged at the bottom end for transmitting the vibration of the tool during the cutting process. The tool disc 1 serves as a fixed base of the tool, and its vibration reflects the dynamic changes during the cutting process. By monitoring the vibration, the cutting parameters can be adjusted in real time to improve the processing accuracy and efficiency. The vibration of the tool disc 1 can be used to evaluate the parallelism deviation between the tool disc and the work platform to ensure the processing accuracy. The vibration signal of the tool disc 1 can also be used to identify the dynamic balance deviation. By adjusting the dynamic balance, the vibration during the processing can be reduced and the processing quality can be improved. The vibration transmission arm 2 connects the tool disc 1 and the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3, and is used to transmit the vibration of the tool disc 1 to the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3. The piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 is used to detect the vibration of the tool during the cutting process. The piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 is slidably connected to the packaging layer 4, and is used to protect the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 and isolate it from the external environment. The packaging layer 4 is used to protect the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 and isolate it from the external environment to protect the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 and ensure that it accurately monitors the vibration signal.

[0028] The heat dissipation layer 5 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the packaging layer 4, and is used to provide heat dissipation for the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3, ensuring that its working temperature is appropriate and improving the monitoring accuracy. The conductive outer ring 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the heat dissipation layer 5, and forms a current loop with the conductive inner ring 7 to provide power for the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3, so as to realize parallelism deviation, dynamic balance, and real-time monitoring and adjustment of parallelism. The adjustment ring 8 is fixedly connected to the top of the cutter head 1, and is used to adjust the dynamic balance. The coil bracket 9 is used to fix the adjustment coil 10, and the adjustment coil 10 is wound around the outer end of the coil bracket 9, and is used to generate a magnetic field. By controlling the change of the magnetic field of the adjustment coil 10, the stability and accuracy of the dynamic balance adjustment are ensured. The clamping shaft 11 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the cutter head 1, and is used to fix the cutter and participate in the self-adjustment of the clamping force. The annular cavity 12 and the oil cavity 13 inside the clamping shaft 11 can realize the automatic adjustment of the clamping force and improve the processing accuracy. The annular cavity 12 is opened inside the clamping shaft 11 and is used to accommodate the piston 14 and the hydraulic oil. The oil cavity 13 is opened inside the clamping shaft 11 and is used to store the hydraulic oil and participate in the self-adjustment of the clamping force. By adjusting the hydraulic oil pressure in the oil cavity 13, the clamping force can be automatically adjusted to improve the processing accuracy. The piston 14 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the annular cavity 12 and is used to adjust the pressure in the oil cavity 13. The permanent magnet 15 It is fixedly connected to the top of the piston 14 and is used to generate magnetic force with the voltage regulating coil 19 to adjust the position of the piston 14 and further adjust the clamping force.

[0029] The second implementation method: Figure 1-10 Shown.

[0030] A plurality of vibration transmission arms 2 are distributed in a circular array around the axis of the cutter disc 1, a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3 are distributed in a circular array around the axis of the cutter disc 1, the inner end of the conductive outer ring 6 is fixedly connected to the clamping shaft 11, the heat dissipation layer 5 is slidably connected to the vibration transmission arms 2, and the vibration transmission arms 2 are evenly distributed around the cutter disc 1, ensuring that the vibration of the cutter disc 1 can be evenly transmitted to each piezoelectric ceramic stack 3. The design of the vibration transmission arms 2 being distributed in a circular array ensures the balance of the vibration transmission of the cutter disc 1 and avoids local stress concentration. The piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3 are evenly distributed around the cutter disc 1, ensuring The vibration of the cutter head 1 can be fully monitored. The design of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 distributed in a circular array ensures the balance of the vibration monitoring of the cutter head 1 and avoids local monitoring blind spots. The inner end of the conductive outer ring 6 is fixedly connected to the clamping shaft 11 to ensure that the vibration transmission arm 2 and the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 rotate with the clamping shaft 11. The sliding connection between the heat dissipation layer 5 and the vibration transmission arm 2 ensures the flexibility of the heat dissipation layer 5 and will not affect the vibration transmission performance of the vibration transmission arm 2. This connection method ensures that the heat dissipation layer 5 can provide heat dissipation for the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 without affecting the vibration transmission. The encapsulation layer 4 is fan-shaped, and is made of a high molecular polymer material with good insulation performance and mechanical strength, preferably polyimide. The encapsulation layer 4 is made of polyimide material, which has good insulation performance and mechanical strength. The fan-shaped design can better match the vibration transmission arm 2 and effectively protect the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3. The heat dissipation layer 5 is made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity, preferably copper alloy or aluminum alloy, to ensure its stability and reliability in a complex working environment. The heat dissipation layer 5 is made of copper alloy or aluminum alloy material, which has good thermal conductivity, can effectively dissipate heat, and improve the stability and working accuracy of the equipment. The piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 is electrically connected to a control system through a wire. The piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 is composed of multiple layers of piezoelectric ceramic sheets. The multi-layer design increases the overall sensitivity and can detect vibration signals more accurately. The thickness of each layer of piezoelectric ceramic sheets is between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, and the preferred thickness is 0.2 mm, which can ensure both sufficient sensitivity and sufficient mechanical strength to avoid being fragile due to being too thin. The piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 is made of lead zirconate titanate material. The outer dimensions of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 are fan-shaped. The fan-shaped design can better match the packaging layer 4 to ensure the installation stability of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3. The side of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 The surface is provided with an annular electrode for connecting the wire and the control system. The outer surface of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 is coated with a protective coating, which is made of polyimide material with a thickness of between 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm, preferably 0.075 mm. The polyimide material has good insulation performance and mechanical strength, and can effectively protect the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 from the influence of the external environment and extend the service life. The polyimide coating is light, which helps to reduce the overall weight of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3. The polyimide material has good high temperature resistance and can withstand the heat generated during the processing process to ensure the working stability of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3; The interior of the adjustment ring 8 is filled with a magnetic fluid 16. The magnetic fluid 16 is made of ferromagnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a silicone oil matrix. The ferromagnetic nanoparticles have good magnetic responsiveness and can quickly respond to changes in the external magnetic field, thereby improving the response speed and sensitivity of the adjustment ring 8. The concentration of the magnetic fluid 16 is between 10% and 30%, preferably 20%, which can ensure the magnetic responsiveness of the magnetic fluid 16 while ensuring its stability in the adjustment ring 8. The viscosity of the magnetic fluid 16 is 10 to 30 centipoise, preferably 20 centipoise, which ensures good fluidity of the magnetic fluid 16 in the adjustment ring 8 and sufficient Magnetic responsiveness: the particle size of the magnetic particles of the magnetic fluid 16 is less than 100 nanometers, preferably 50 nanometers, which ensures good dispersion of the magnetic particles in the magnetic fluid 16 and improves the stability of the magnetic fluid 16. The magnetic fluid 16 can quickly change its shape and distribution under the action of the external magnetic field, thereby adjusting the physical properties of the adjustment ring 8 and achieving rapid adjustment of the dynamic balance. The low viscosity of the magnetic fluid 16 reduces the friction loss during movement, helps to reduce energy loss, and improves the adjustment efficiency. The concentration and viscosity of the magnetic fluid 16 can be adjusted according to specific application requirements, which improves the adaptability and flexibility of the adjustment ring 8. The bottom end of the conductive inner ring 7 is fixedly connected with a dust cover 17, which can effectively isolate external dust and impurities and protect internal components from pollution. The coil bracket 9 is fixedly connected to the dust cover 17 through a support rod, which ensures the stability of the coil bracket 9 and avoids loosening caused by vibration. The bottom end of the dust cover 17 is fixedly connected with an annular bracket 18, and the inner end of the annular bracket 18 is rotatably connected to the clamping shaft 11. The outer end of the annular bracket 18 is wound with a voltage regulating coil 19, so that the voltage regulating coil 19 remains stationary. The outer end of the dust cover 17 is fixedly connected with a negative pressure pipe 20, and the negative pressure pipe 20 passes through the dust cover 17 and is connected to the dust cover 17. The heat and dust generated inside the dust cover 17 can be drawn away by the negative pressure device, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the internal components and keeping the internal environment clean. The outer end of the dust cover 17 is fixedly connected with an ultrasonic sensor 21. The setting of the ultrasonic sensor 21 can monitor the hardness of the wood and provide data support for the automatic adjustment of the cutting parameters. The outer end of the cutter disc 1 is provided with a plurality of cutter grooves 22, and the inner end of the cutter groove 22 is fixedly connected with a blade 23, and the blade 23 is made of nickel-titanium alloy material, which has a good shape memory effect and can restore the original shape at a specific temperature, thereby improving the self-adaptability of the blade 23. The shape variation range of the blade is ±0.5 mm, preferably ±0.25 mm, and the activation temperature of the blade is between 40°C and 60°C, preferably 50°C. The blade can automatically adjust its shape according to the temperature change during the processing, which can ensure that the blade can accurately adjust its sharpness during the working process and reduce the processing error caused by tool wear; The outer wall of the clamping shaft 11 is provided with a plurality of annular grooves 24, and the oil chamber 13 is filled with hydraulic oil, which is a synthetic ester-based hydraulic oil. The synthetic ester-based hydraulic oil has good lubrication properties, can reduce the friction between the piston 14 and the clamping shaft 11, and extend the service life of the equipment. The viscosity grade of the hydraulic oil is ISOVG32, and the preferred viscosity grade is ISOVG46. The preferred viscosity grade of the hydraulic oil is ISOVG46. While ensuring lubricity, it can provide better fluidity and response speed, which is beneficial to the rapid positioning of the piston 14. The operating temperature range of the hydraulic oil is between -40°C and 100°C, and the preferred operating temperature range is -30°C to 80°C. It can maintain stable working performance under different temperature environments, reducing performance fluctuations caused by temperature changes.

[0031] The third implementation method: Figure 1-10 Shown.

[0032] S1, automatic adjustment of cutting parameters; After the equipment is installed and tested, the mortise of the wood is processed. Before the wood enters the processing area, the ultrasonic sensor 21 emits ultrasonic pulses and receives the signal reflected from the wood. The signal is converted into the frequency domain using Fourier transform, and the propagation time is extracted. The hardness value is calculated based on the propagation time and attenuation. At the same time, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 monitors the vibration of the tool during the cutting process in real time. Too fast cutting speed and too fast feed speed will cause high-frequency vibration. The processor performs Fourier transform on the vibration signal to obtain the spectrum diagram of the vibration signal, analyzes the spectrum diagram, and identifies the main vibration frequency and amplitude. The system evaluates the tool status according to the vibration mode and fuses the ultrasonic hardness data with the vibration signal data. The processor calculates the appropriate cutting parameters based on the fused data, and uses PID control algorithm and fuzzy logic control to automatically adjust the rotation speed of the clamping shaft 11 to ensure that the cutting speed is appropriate during the cutting process. At the same time, the feed speed of the tool relative to the workpiece is adjusted to adapt to wood of different hardness.

[0033] Automatically adjust cutting parameters according to wood hardness, avoiding the tedious process of manual adjustment and reducing downtime. Real-time monitoring and quick adjustment of cutting parameters improves processing speed and efficiency. By monitoring tool vibration and adjusting cutting parameters, vibration can be reduced and surface quality can be improved. Reasonable adjustment of cutting parameters can avoid overcutting or undercutting and reduce tool wear. Automatic adjustment according to wood hardness and tool status can reduce unnecessary load on the tool.

[0034] S2, parallelism detection; During the process of machining the mortise, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 performs real-time detection on the parallelism of the cutter disc 1. When the parallelism deviates, the cutter disc 1 will generate random or specific frequency vibrations, which are different from the high-frequency vibrations caused by the above-mentioned changes in cutting parameters. The vibrations generated by the cutter disc 1 are transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 through the vibration transmission arm 2. A digital filter is used to remove noise, and the signal is amplified and standardized. The time domain signal is converted into a frequency domain signal using the FFT algorithm, and the frequency, amplitude and other characteristics of the vibration signal are extracted. According to the characteristics of the vibration signal, the parallelism deviation between the cutter disc 1 and the work platform is calculated using the least squares method. The control system energizes the conductive inner ring 7 according to the calculation results, and the conductive inner ring 7 transmits electricity to the conductive outer ring 6. According to the calculation results, the control system applies a suitable voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 in the deviation direction, so that the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 changes in the vertical direction. The change in the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 compensates for the displacement caused by the flatness deviation, restores the parallelism to a normal level, and completes the real-time detection and adjustment of the parallelism.

[0035] By combining the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 with an intelligent algorithm to detect and adjust the parallelism deviation between the tool disc 1 and the work platform in real time, the processing accuracy can be improved, the processing error caused by poor parallelism can be reduced, the parallelism of each processing batch can be ensured to be consistent, the consistency of product quality can be improved, the deviation can be monitored in real time and automatically adjusted to form a closed-loop control, and the interruption time during the processing can be reduced. By reducing the parallelism deviation between the tool disc 1 and the work platform, the noise level during the processing can be reduced, and the automatic adjustment reduces the maintenance frequency and simplifies the maintenance work.

[0036] S3, dynamic balance adjustment; At the same time, during the machining process, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 is used to detect the vibration caused by the dynamic balance deviation. Since the vibration frequency caused by the dynamic balance deviation is related to the tool rotation frequency and its harmonics, and is expressed as an integer multiple of the rotation frequency, it can be distinguished from the vibration caused by the above-mentioned cutting parameter changes and parallelism deviation. A digital filter is used to remove noise from the detected vibration signal, and the signal is amplified and standardized. The Fourier transform algorithm is used to convert the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal, and the frequency, amplitude and other characteristics of the vibration signal are extracted. According to the result of power spectral density estimation, the main vibration mode is identified, and the dynamic balance deviation is calculated according to the characteristics of the vibration signal. The dynamic balance state is judged according to the set threshold. If the dynamic balance is beyond the allowable range, the fuzzy logic control algorithm is selected to evaluate the dynamic balance state. The control system controls the regulating coil 10 to generate a magnetic field based on the calculation result of the dynamic balance deviation. The dynamic balance deviation is compensated by controlling the intensity and distribution of the magnetic field. The change of the magnetic field drives the flow of the magnetic fluid 16 in the annular cavity 12, changes the mass distribution of the cutter head 1, adjusts the dynamic balance state, and uses the PID control algorithm to adjust the magnetic field intensity and distribution. If the dynamic balance is within the set threshold, the regulating coil 10 will generate a uniformly distributed magnetic field, accurately adjust the magnetic field intensity, and fix the magnetic fluid 16 in its original position. According to the real-time monitoring data, the magnetic field and the flow of the magnetic fluid 16 are adjusted to form a closed-loop control system.

[0037] Dynamic balancing can significantly reduce the vibration of rotating parts at high speeds, help reduce mechanical noise, and improve the working environment. Reduced vibration means better stability of the tool or cutterhead during processing. Reduced vibration can reduce wear on the tool and other mechanical parts, extend the service life of these parts, and reduce maintenance costs. Rotating parts with good dynamic balance can run stably at higher speeds, and can use faster cutting speeds and feed rates to improve production efficiency.

[0038] S4, self-adjustment of clamping force; The control system analyzes the vibration caused by the above-mentioned cutting parameter deviation, dynamic balance deviation, and parallelism deviation, and adjusts the cutting parameters, dynamic balance, and parallelism according to the analysis results. After the adjustment, it is tested again. If the vibration still exists, it can be determined that the vibration is caused by inappropriate clamping force. The association model between the vibration signal characteristics and the clamping force is established in advance through experimental data, and the model is trained using a machine learning algorithm to identify different types of vibration modes. Features are extracted from the vibration signal, including frequency, amplitude, phase, etc., as input to the machine learning model, and clamping force is calculated. A specific threshold is set for the vibration caused by the force, and the system analyzes the specific features in the vibration signal to identify the mode of change of the clamping force. According to the analysis result, if the clamping force is judged to be too small, the system controls the voltage regulating coil 19 to increase the magnetic force of the voltage regulating coil 19, so that the repulsive force between the voltage regulating coil 19 and the permanent magnet 15 increases, and the permanent magnet 15 pushes the piston 14 to move downward, so that the hydraulic oil in the oil chamber 13 and the annular cavity 12 is compressed, and the pressurized hydraulic oil expands the oil chamber 13, so that the expansion wall on the oil chamber 13 is in tighter contact with the inner wall of the cutter head 1, thereby increasing the clamping force; On the contrary, if the result of the determination is that the clamping force is too large and the clamping is excessive, the system controls the voltage regulating coil 19 to reduce the magnetic force of the voltage regulating coil 19, thereby reducing the repulsive force between the voltage regulating coil 19 and the permanent magnet 15. Then, the permanent magnet 15 moves upward under the rebound effect of the hydraulic pressure, and the piston 14 also moves accordingly, thereby reducing the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil chamber 13 and the annular cavity 12. Then, the clamping force between the expansion wall on the oil chamber 13 and the inner wall of the cutter disc 1 also decreases accordingly, until the clamping force is adjusted within the threshold of the control system, then the adjustment is stopped and the real-time monitoring mode is returned. Appropriate clamping force can prevent the cutter disc 1 from moving during the machining process, improve the machining accuracy, and avoid deformation of the cutter disc 1 due to excessive clamping force. Appropriate clamping force can reduce vibration during the machining process, reduce tool wear, and extend its service life. Automatic adjustment of the clamping force reduces the time required for manual adjustment and reduces the probability of failure during the machining process.

[0039] S5, cooling and dust removal; During the wood processing process, the cutter head 1 will produce wood chips and dust when cutting wood, which will pollute the environment. At the same time, the equipment also needs to dissipate heat. At this time, the control system controls the negative pressure equipment to generate negative pressure, and the generated dust and wood chips are extracted through the negative pressure pipe 20. At the same time, the flowing gas can dissipate heat for the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3, the regulating coil 10, and the voltage regulating coil 19.

[0040] The negative pressure system can promptly and effectively remove the wood chips and dust generated during the processing, improve the working environment of the workshop, and reduce the probability of operators inhaling harmful dust. By timely removing wood chips and dust, the cleaning time after processing is reduced and the overall work efficiency is improved. Removing wood chips and dust can reduce the wear of internal parts of the equipment and extend the service life of the equipment. The flowing gas can help key components such as piezoelectric ceramic stacks, regulating coils and voltage regulating coils to dissipate heat and avoid failures caused by overheating.

[0041] In view of current practical needs, the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to the scope of protection. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechatronics processing equipment for Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of ancient buildings, characterized by: The present invention comprises a cutter disc (1), wherein the bottom end of the cutter disc (1) is provided with a plurality of vibration transmission arms (2), the bottom ends of the plurality of vibration transmission arms (2) are fixedly connected to a piezoelectric ceramic stack (3), the outer ends of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic stacks (3) are slidably connected to a packaging layer (4), the outer wall of the packaging layer (4) is fixedly connected to a heat dissipation layer (5), the bottom end of the heat dissipation layer (5) is fixedly connected to a conductive outer ring (6), the inner end of the conductive outer ring (6) is rotatably connected to a conductive inner ring (7), and the top end of the cutter disc (1) is connected to a conductive outer ring (6). An adjusting ring (8) is fixedly connected, a coil support (9) is provided at the top end of the cutter disc (1), an adjusting coil (10) is wound around the outer end of the coil support (9), a clamping shaft (11) is fixedly connected to the inner end of the cutter disc (1), an annular cavity (12) is provided inside the clamping shaft (11), an oil cavity (13) is provided inside the clamping shaft (11), a piston (14) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the annular cavity (12), and a permanent magnet (15) is fixedly connected to the top end of the piston (14).

2. The mechatronic processing equipment for the Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building according to claim 1 is characterized by: The plurality of vibration transmission arms (2) are distributed in a circular array around the axis of the cutter disc (1), the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic stacks (3) are distributed in a circular array around the axis of the cutter disc (1), the inner end of the conductive outer ring (6) is fixedly connected to the clamping shaft (11), and the heat dissipation layer (5) is slidably connected to the vibration transmission arm (2).

3. The mechatronics processing equipment for the Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building according to claim 1 is characterized by: The encapsulation layer (4) is fan-shaped and is made of a high molecular polymer material with good insulation performance and mechanical strength, preferably polyimide. The heat dissipation layer (5) is made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity, preferably a copper alloy or an aluminum alloy.

4. The mechatronic processing equipment for the Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building according to claim 1 is characterized by: The piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) is electrically connected to a control system via a wire. The piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) is composed of multiple layers of piezoelectric ceramic sheets, each layer of which has a thickness between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, preferably 0.2 mm. The piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) is made of lead zirconate titanate material. The piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) has a fan-shaped outer dimension. A ring electrode is provided on the side of the piezoelectric ceramic stack (3). The outer surface of the piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) is coated with a protective coating, which is made of a polyimide material and has a thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm, preferably 0.075 mm.

5. The mechatronic processing equipment for the Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building according to claim 1 is characterized by: The interior of the adjustment ring (8) is filled with a magnetic fluid (16), wherein the magnetic fluid (16) is made of ferromagnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a silicone oil matrix, the concentration of the magnetic fluid (16) is between 10% and 30%, preferably 20%, the viscosity of the magnetic fluid (16) is between 10 and 30 centipoise, preferably 20 centipoise, and the particle size of the magnetic particles of the magnetic fluid (16) is less than 100 nanometers, preferably 50 nanometers.

6. The mechatronic processing equipment for the Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bottom end of the conductive inner ring (7) is fixedly connected to a dust cover (17); the coil bracket (9) is fixedly connected to the dust cover (17) via a support rod; the bottom end of the dust cover (17) is fixedly connected to an annular bracket (18); the inner end of the annular bracket (18) is rotatably connected to the clamping shaft (11); the outer end of the annular bracket (18) is wound with a voltage regulating coil (19); the outer end of the dust cover (17) is fixedly connected to a negative pressure pipe (20); the negative pressure pipe (20) passes through the dust cover (17) and is in communication with the dust cover (17); the outer end of the dust cover (17) is fixedly connected to an ultrasonic sensor (21).

7. The mechatronic processing equipment for the Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building according to claim 1 is characterized by: The outer end of the knife disc (1) is provided with a plurality of knife grooves (22), and the inner end of the knife groove (22) is fixedly connected with a blade (23), and the blade (23) is made of a nickel-titanium alloy material, and the nickel-titanium alloy material has a good shape memory effect. The shape variation range of the blade is ±0.5 mm, and the preferred variation range is ±0.25 mm. The activation temperature of the blade is between 40° C. and 60° C., and the preferred activation temperature is 50° C.

8. The mechatronic processing equipment for the Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building according to claim 1 is characterized by: The outer wall of the clamping shaft (11) is provided with a plurality of annular grooves (24), and the oil chamber (13) is filled with hydraulic oil, wherein the hydraulic oil is a synthetic ester-based hydraulic oil, the viscosity grade of the hydraulic oil is ISOVG32, preferably the viscosity grade is ISOVG46, and the operating temperature range of the hydraulic oil is between -40°C and 100°C, preferably the operating temperature range is between -30°C and 80°C.

9. The method for using the mechatronics processing equipment for the Luban mortise and tenon wood structure of an ancient building according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, automatic adjustment of cutting parameters; The hardness of the wood and the vibration of the tool are monitored in real time by an ultrasonic sensor (21) and a piezoelectric ceramic stack (3), and the rotation speed of the clamping shaft (11) and the feed speed of the tool are automatically adjusted to adapt to wood of different hardness; S2, parallelism detection; The piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) is used to monitor the parallelism deviation of the cutter disc (1) in real time, and the parallelism deviation is compensated by adjusting the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) to ensure processing accuracy; S3, dynamic balance adjustment; Dynamic balance deviation is detected by a piezoelectric ceramic stack (3), and the magnetic field generated by the regulating coil (10) is used to drive the flow of the magnetic fluid (16), thereby adjusting the mass distribution of the cutter head (1) and achieving dynamic balance adjustment; S4, self-adjustment of clamping force; The clamping force is automatically adjusted by analyzing the characteristics of the vibration signal. When it is detected that the clamping force is inappropriate, the position of the permanent magnet (15) and the piston (14) is adjusted by the pressure regulating coil (19), and the pressure of the oil chamber (13) is changed to realize automatic adjustment of the clamping force. S5, cooling and dust removal; The negative pressure generated by the negative pressure device removes wood chips and dust generated during the processing through the negative pressure pipe (20), and provides heat dissipation for the piezoelectric ceramic stack (3), the regulating coil (10) and the voltage regulating coil (19).

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