Plateau ecological environment monitoring equipment for shooting based on unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring equipment, and discloses a plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on unmanned aerial vehicle shooting, the plateau ecological environment monitoring device comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a camera and a support, the support is fixedly installed below the unmanned aerial vehicle, a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod are arranged below the unmanned aerial vehicle, one end of the first connecting rod is connected with a first supporting plate, and the other end of the first connecting rod is connected with a second supporting plate; one end of the second connecting rod is connected with the mounting block; the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate are connected through a transverse plate, a first insertion rod is slidably connected into the transverse plate, and the transverse plate can slide in the vertical direction of the first supporting plate so as to adjust the installation height of the camera and meet the shooting and detection requirements of different terrains of the plateau. By integrating the spectrum analysis module, chemical and biological components in the air can be detected in real time, and the system can provide accurate and real-time analysis data to ensure the reliability of a monitoring result no matter whether atmospheric pollutants or particulate matters and microbial components in the air are detected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring equipment, and in particular to a plateau ecological environment monitoring equipment based on drone photography. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of drone technology, drones are increasingly used in the field of environmental monitoring, especially in ecological and environmental monitoring. Drones can monitor the environment in real time and collect data by carrying sensors such as cameras. For special geographical areas such as plateau environments, due to their high altitude, complex climate, and unstable airflow, conventional ground monitoring equipment is difficult to achieve accurate monitoring results. Therefore, drones, as aerial monitoring platforms, have gradually become an important tool for plateau ecological and environmental monitoring. By carrying various sensors, drones can comprehensively monitor and analyze the atmosphere, soil, vegetation, etc. in the plateau environment, providing key ecological data support.

[0003] The limitations of existing drone monitoring equipment are that their mechanical stability and camera anti-vibration performance are insufficient, and they cannot remain stable under complex airflow conditions, resulting in unclear images and reduced detection accuracy. In addition, the materials commonly used in existing equipment cannot adapt to the high cold and corrosive climate in the plateau environment, resulting in frequent equipment damage and inability to be used for a long time.

[0004] In existing UAV ecological monitoring equipment, the detection of chemical and biological components is usually relatively simple, making it difficult to conduct accurate analysis in complex environments, and lacks the ability to conduct detailed spectral analysis of specific components in the environment (such as air pollutants, gas components, etc.). Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography, which solves the limitation of drone monitoring equipment, namely, its mechanical stability and camera shock resistance are insufficient, and it cannot maintain stability under complex airflow conditions, resulting in unclear captured images and reduced detection accuracy.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography, which obtains the spectral reflectance information of target plants through a multispectral camera carried on the drone, and the multispectral camera can capture the spectral characteristics of plants in multiple electromagnetic bands, thereby realizing high-precision recognition of plant physiological status, health status and population distribution;

[0007] Based on the collected multispectral data, advanced spectral analysis algorithms are used to accurately calculate the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis efficiency and vegetation coverage of plants, so as to monitor the dynamic changes and evaluate the characteristics of plant populations in plateau ecosystems;

[0008] In view of the complex terrain in plateau areas, the drone is equipped with a terrain-mimicking flight module to enable it to autonomously sense the terrain and adjust its flight altitude in real time, thereby ensuring that the multispectral camera maintains the best observation distance with the plant target to obtain high-resolution and high-quality spectral data.

[0009] Combined with the autonomous navigation and path planning system of the UAV, it can autonomously plan the optimal flight path in complex terrain, accurately cover the target ecological area, and ensure the comprehensiveness and continuity of ecological and environmental data;

[0010] The multispectral images collected in real time are processed and analyzed through the built-in data processing module, and the plant species identification results and dynamic changes in the ecological environment are transmitted to the ground control center, thereby providing accurate data support and decision-making basis for plateau ecological protection, scientific research and environmental management.

[0011] Preferably, a bracket is provided under the drone, a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod are provided under the drone, one end of the first connecting rod is connected to the first support plate, and one end of the second connecting rod is connected to the mounting block; the first support plate and the second support plate are connected by a horizontal plate, the interior of the horizontal plate is slidably connected with a first plug rod, and the horizontal plate can slide in the vertical direction of the first support plate to adjust the installation height of the camera to meet the shooting and detection requirements of different terrains of the plateau;

[0012] The camera is fixed on the composite motion mechanism through the mounting plate, and the composite motion mechanism includes a sliding rod, a rotating plate and a tension spring; the sliding rod is arranged in a limiting groove on the limiting plate through a sliding connection to realize longitudinal movement, and the limiting plate rotates on the second supporting plate; the rotating plate is arranged on the sliding rod and can rotate around the sliding rod; one end of the tension spring is connected to the rotating plate, and the dynamic shock absorption and stabilization of the camera are realized through the elastic force of the tension spring;

[0013] The camera integrates a functional module for plateau ecological environment monitoring, uses the camera's optical system to perform spectral analysis on specific substances in the air, detects chemical or biological components in the environment, and provides ecological environment monitoring data;

[0014] The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the camera via a fixing plate, and a slide rail and a slider are provided on the fixing plate. The slider can slide along the slide rail to adjust the angle of the camera. By adjusting the height and angle of the camera, its functional module can detect air areas at different heights and directions to obtain environmental parameters of different areas.

[0015] Preferably, the limit plate is provided with a plurality of grooves, along which the slide bar can slide, and the grooves are used to limit the sliding range of the slide bar to ensure that the camera remains stable during flight; through the cooperation of the slide bar and the grooves, the stability of the camera's spectral analysis process is ensured.

[0016] Preferably, the rotating plate can slide inside the limit plate through a sliding rod, and a second plug rod is detachably connected to the inside of the limit plate, a limiting block is provided on the outer wall of the second plug rod, and a third support plate is provided on the outer wall of the second plug rod. The third support plate and the second plug rod are used to realize the rotational positioning of the rotating plate to prevent the sliding rod from accidentally moving due to changes in plateau airflow, thereby ensuring that the camera's shooting and detection processes are not disturbed.

[0017] Preferably, a limiting horizontal plate is provided between the tension spring and the second connecting rod to limit the maximum compression amount of the tension spring to prevent excessive vibration from affecting the stability of the camera.

[0018] Preferably, a support mechanism is arranged under the drone, and the support mechanism includes a first support plate, a second support plate and a third support plate connected by a first connecting rod and a limit plate to form a triangular support structure to enhance the overall stability of the equipment.

[0019] Preferably, the sliding rod, limit plate, rotating plate, tension spring, first connecting rod and second connecting rod are all made of low-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant materials to ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment in a high-cold and high-humidity plateau environment; the camera and its functional modules also adopt a low-temperature resistant and anti-interference design to ensure their reliability in harsh environments.

[0020] Preferably, a shock-absorbing pad is provided between the camera and the mounting plate to reduce the impact of vibration generated during the flight of the drone on the camera.

[0021] Preferably, a mounting block is provided under the drone, and the mounting block is used to fix the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod. By adjusting the mounting position of the mounting block, the support angle of the bracket can be changed to adapt to monitoring requirements under different flight postures.

[0022] Preferably, the camera, mounting plate, mounting block and bracket all adopt a modular design, which allows the camera to be quickly replaced or the equipment configuration to be adjusted according to different monitoring needs to adapt to diverse monitoring tasks in the plateau ecological environment; the camera's functional module supports the replacement of different types of optical elements or software algorithms to achieve detection of specific chemical or biological components.

[0023] Working principle: The drone firmly installs the entire monitoring equipment under it through the bracket and connecting rod below it, and ensures the stability of the equipment through the supporting structure. When the drone is flying, the combined structure of the bracket and the connecting rod, such as the first supporting plate, the second supporting plate and the cross plate, adjusts the height of the camera through the sliding adjustment function to adapt to the needs of different terrains, ensuring that the camera can flexibly shoot and monitor in complex plateau terrain environments; the camera is connected to the composite motion mechanism through the mounting plate, and the composite motion mechanism includes a slide bar, a rotating plate and a tension spring; the slide bar can slide along the groove of the limit plate, so that the camera can move longitudinally during the flight of the drone, and the rotating plate rotates around the slide bar to achieve the angle adjustment of the camera. The tension spring, as a shock absorbing device, can absorb the vibration of the camera during flight through the connection with the rotating plate, provide dynamic shock absorbing effect, ensure that the camera remains stable in high altitude and complex airflow environments, and reduce the impact of jitter on shooting and detection accuracy; during high-altitude flight, the limit plate works with the groove and the slide bar to limit the range of motion of the slide bar and ensure the stability of the camera. The slide bar cooperates with the rotating plate and relies on the elastic force control of the tension spring to prevent external wind and vibration from affecting the posture of the camera. At the same time, the limit block and the third support plate further enhance the structural stability of the equipment to prevent accidental changes in the camera posture due to changes in airflow; the camera integrates an optical function module for spectral analysis of specific substances in the air; during the flight of the drone, the equipment can collect chemical and biological components in the environment and provide ecological environment monitoring data; through the slide rails and sliders, the camera angle can be finely adjusted to further optimize the detection range at different heights and directions, thereby achieving accurate detection of different air layers and areas; the mounting block under the drone can adjust the angle of the bracket to adapt to different flight postures, ensuring that the equipment maintains the optimal monitoring angle during flight. Through modular design, the camera and its optical function modules in the equipment can be quickly replaced or upgraded according to mission requirements to meet different monitoring needs.

[0024] The present invention provides a plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention provides good fixation and stability for the device through the configuration of the bracket, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod under the drone. In the plateau environment, the air is thin and the airflow is unstable. A stable support system is particularly important for maintaining the accurate positioning of the camera. The triangular support structure effectively enhances the stability of the equipment and can operate stably for a long time in the changeable environment of the plateau. At the same time, through the integrated spectral analysis module, the chemical and biological components in the air can be detected in real time. Whether it is detecting atmospheric pollutants or particulate matter and microbial components in the air, the system can provide accurate and real-time analysis data to ensure the reliability of the monitoring results.

[0026] 2. The slide bar, limit plate, rotating plate, tension spring, connecting rod, etc. of the present invention are all made of low temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials to ensure that the equipment can adapt to the high cold and high humidity plateau environment. Such materials can be used for a long time in high cold and highly corrosive environments, extending the service life of the equipment and avoiding equipment failure caused by temperature changes or harsh environments.

[0027] 3. The present invention combines the tension spring with the rotating plate, so that the camera can achieve dynamic shock absorption during the flight of the drone. The tension spring can absorb the vibration generated during the flight of the drone, ensuring that the camera remains stable in the complex airflow environment of the plateau, thereby improving the clarity and accuracy of the captured images and detection data. At the same time, the limit horizontal plate prevents excessive compression of the tension spring, effectively controls the shock absorption range, and further enhances the stability of the camera.

[0028] 4. The camera of the present invention can adjust the height and angle through the mounting plate, the slide rail and the slider, and can be flexibly adjusted according to different shooting requirements. This design enables the camera to adapt to various terrain and environmental requirements, ensuring the best shooting and detection angle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tension spring part of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the limiting plate of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the first support plate of the present invention.

[0033] Among them, 1. drone; 2. mounting block; 3. first connecting rod; 4. first support plate; 5. tension spring; 6. second connecting rod; 7. second support plate; 8. first plug rod; 9. limit plate; 10. bracket; 11. camera; 12. mounting plate; 13. second plug rod; 14. slide rail; 15. slider; 16. horizontal plate; 17. limit block; 18. third support plate; 19. slide rod; 20. fixed plate; 21. rotating plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Please see attached Figure 1- Attachment Figure 4 The embodiment of the present invention provides a plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography.

[0036] The spectral reflectance information of the target plant is obtained by a multispectral camera 11 mounted on the drone 1. The multispectral camera 11 can capture the spectral characteristics of the plant in multiple electromagnetic bands, thereby realizing high-precision recognition of the physiological state, health status and population distribution of the plant;

[0037] Based on the collected multispectral data, advanced spectral analysis algorithms are used to accurately calculate the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis efficiency and vegetation coverage of plants, so as to monitor the dynamic changes and evaluate the characteristics of plant populations in plateau ecosystems;

[0038] In view of the complex and undulating terrain in the plateau area, the terrain-imitating flight module integrated in the UAV 1 enables the UAV 1 to autonomously sense the terrain and adjust the flight altitude in real time, thereby ensuring that the multispectral camera maintains the best observation distance with the plant target to obtain high-resolution and high-quality spectral data;

[0039] Combined with the autonomous navigation and path planning system of UAV 1, it can autonomously plan the optimal flight path in complex terrain, accurately cover the target ecological area, and ensure the comprehensiveness and continuity of ecological environment data;

[0040] The multispectral images collected in real time are processed and analyzed through the built-in data processing module, and the plant species identification results and dynamic changes in the ecological environment are transmitted to the ground control center, thereby providing accurate data support and decision-making basis for plateau ecological protection, scientific research and environmental management.

[0041] In one embodiment, a drone 1 is selected to carry a multispectral camera, and the mission area is a plateau grassland above 3,000 meters above sea level. The drone 1 covers the target monitoring area through a preset path, and the flight altitude is 100 meters to ensure the acquisition of representative ecological information. The multispectral camera 11 can capture the reflection characteristics of visible light, infrared and near-infrared bands, which contain the spectral fingerprint information of plants. By continuously shooting during the flight, the reflectivity of different plants in each band is obtained, so as to identify the type, health status and distribution of the plants. The multispectral data collection process also involves real-time monitoring and compensation of ambient light to ensure that consistent spectral data is obtained under different climatic conditions. In plateau areas, the lighting conditions change rapidly. Through the optical compensation module, the spectral deviation caused by the change in light intensity can be corrected. The data collected by the multispectral camera 11 is processed using the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and other spectral feature analysis technologies. During the data processing, spectral correction is first performed to eliminate the impact caused by changes in solar radiation intensity and angle. NDVI can effectively reflect the chlorophyll content and health of plants by analyzing the difference in red and near-infrared reflectance. EVI is used to eliminate the impact of complex terrain and atmosphere on the measurement data in the plateau area and provide a more accurate assessment of vegetation coverage. In addition to NDVI and EVI, the moisture content index (WCI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) are also used to conduct a more comprehensive analysis of vegetation. WCI can assess the moisture status of plants, especially in arid areas of the plateau, to help determine the drought resistance of vegetation; SAVI eliminates the impact of exposed soil on the vegetation index by introducing a soil correction factor, ensuring that accurate plant information can be obtained in areas with sparse vegetation. When performing flight missions, UAV 1 senses terrain undulations through LiDAR or ultrasonic sensors, adjusts the flight altitude in real time, and ensures that the multispectral camera always maintains the best distance. The plateau has complex terrain, and the traditional fixed-altitude flight method is prone to uneven shooting data quality. The terrain-simulating flight method can effectively cope with terrain changes and improve the consistency and accuracy of data. When flying over an area with a large slope, the LiDAR sensor will detect the change in terrain and quickly adjust the altitude of the drone to ensure that the relative distance between the shooting angle and the target vegetation remains unchanged, ensuring high-quality spectral data collection. In addition, an adaptive filtering algorithm is used during the terrain-simulating flight process. By analyzing the flight altitude and ground feature data in real time, the jitter caused by ground fluctuations during flight is eliminated to ensure data stability and continuity. UAV 1 is equipped with high-precision GPS and inertial navigation system (I NS), which can adjust position and attitude in real time. Before the mission begins, the ground control center will use the path planning algorithm to generate the optimal flight path based on terrain data and monitoring requirements.The path planning takes into account the complex terrain of the plateau area and the ecological features that need to be monitored, ensuring that the drone covers all key areas throughout the mission. During the flight, if there are sudden terrain changes or airflow interference, the drone can adaptively adjust the path to ensure the consistency and effectiveness of data collection. When UAV 1 detects a protruding hill ahead, it will automatically adjust the flight route to bypass the obstacle and continue to monitor the target area. The reinforcement learning algorithm is used for path optimization. Through historical flight data and environmental feedback, the flight strategy is continuously improved to ensure that the optimal path selection can be achieved under various environmental conditions, thereby improving monitoring efficiency and data accuracy. After UAV 1 completes the flight mission, the data is preliminarily processed on UAV 1 through the edge computing unit to extract key spectral features, reduce the amount of data to be transmitted, and improve data processing efficiency. The preliminarily processed data is transmitted to the ground control center through wireless communication, and further in-depth analysis is performed at the control center. The multispectral data is used to identify plant species and assess health. Combined with the dynamic change modeling of the ecological environment, a report on vegetation coverage and health status in the plateau area is generated. For example, by comparing the spectral responses of different plants in a certain area, the distribution and health change trends of the main plant species in the area can be confirmed. In order to improve the accuracy of the data, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to extract and classify multispectral data. By training a large number of plant spectral samples, the model can automatically identify the characteristics of different species and evaluate their health status. At the same time, combined with time series analysis, the long-term change trend of vegetation is predicted to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection decisions.

[0042] A bracket 10 is provided below the drone 1. A first connecting rod 3 and a second connecting rod 6 are provided below the drone 1. One end of the first connecting rod 3 is connected to the first supporting plate 4, and one end of the second connecting rod 6 is connected to the mounting block 2. The first supporting plate 4 and the second supporting plate 7 are connected by a transverse plate 16. The interior of the transverse plate 16 is slidably connected with a first plug rod 8. The transverse plate 16 can slide in the vertical direction of the first supporting plate 4 to adjust the installation height of the camera 11 to meet the shooting and detection requirements of different terrains of the plateau.

[0043] The camera 11 is fixed on the composite motion mechanism through the mounting plate 12, and the composite motion mechanism includes a slide bar 19, a rotating plate 21 and a tension spring 5; the slide bar 19 is arranged in a limit groove on the limit plate 9 through a sliding connection to achieve longitudinal movement, and the limit plate 9 rotates on the second support plate 7; the rotating plate 21 is arranged on the slide bar 19 and can rotate around the slide bar 19; one end of the tension spring 5 is connected to the rotating plate 21, and the elastic force of the tension spring 5 is used to achieve dynamic shock absorption and stabilization of the camera 11;

[0044] Camera 11 integrates functional modules for plateau ecological environment monitoring. It uses the optical system of camera 11 to perform spectral analysis on specific substances in the air, detect chemical or biological components in the environment, and provide ecological environment monitoring data.

[0045] In one embodiment, the bracket 10 is fixed under the drone 1 by the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 6 to form a stable support structure to prevent the vibration during the flight from affecting the shooting of the camera 11. The horizontal plate 16 slides on the first supporting plate 4 to adjust the height of the camera so that it can adapt to different terrains and height differences on the plateau, providing a more flexible shooting and detection angle. The camera achieves dynamic shock absorption through the elastic force of the tension spring 5 to prevent the small vibration during the flight of the drone from affecting the shooting effect and ensure the stability of the detection process. The camera 11 integrates an optical system and can perform spectral analysis on specific substances in the air, realizing real-time detection of chemical and biological components in the plateau ecological environment. When the drone 1 is flying, the bracket 10 and the connecting rods 3 and 6 ensure that the camera 11 is stably fixed under the drone. Through the vertical movement of the sliding horizontal plate 16 on the first supporting plate 4, the camera can adjust the height according to the terrain or target area. The cooperation of the sliding rod 19 and the limit plate 9 allows the camera to move stably in the longitudinal direction. The tension spring 5 provides a shock absorption effect to ensure that the camera's shooting and detection are not disturbed by the vibration generated during the flight. The spectral analysis module in the camera can accurately detect chemical or biological substances in the plateau air.

[0046] Furthermore, the device securely mounts the bracket 10 under the drone 1 through the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 6. In order to adapt to the complex airflow on the plateau, the bracket has a triangular support structure through the first support plate 4 and the second support plate 7 (see claim 6), which greatly enhances the stability of the device and enables the camera to maintain precise positioning during flight. The sliding function of the horizontal plate 16 allows the camera 11 to adjust its height according to the terrain conditions, adapt to the different terrains of the plateau, and ensure that the camera can collect the best monitoring data.

[0047] Camera 11 integrates a spectral analysis module, which can realize real-time detection and analysis of gas components in the environment, pollutants in the air, fine particles and biological components. The module uses Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy analysis technology to sample air by laser irradiation. The spectral detection module can analyze light reflection data at specific wavelengths and detect pollutants in the environment such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other chemical components, as well as fine particles PM2.5 / PM10. In addition, the system can also analyze the microbial components in the air and provide biological component data for the protection of the plateau ecological environment.

[0048] The spectral analysis module in the camera 11 is combined with a multi-channel sensor system, which uses laser or infrared irradiation and the spectral reflection characteristics of specific bands to identify chemical molecules present in the air. By detecting the absorbed or scattered spectrum, the system can measure pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, etc. and tiny particles in the air in real time, and then generate environmental monitoring data. In addition, the camera module is also equipped with a high-precision optical lens, which can monitor a large area in real time during flight. The data is transmitted to the ground control center through the drone for analysis and storage.

[0049] In order to ensure the adaptability of the device in the harsh environment of the plateau, all key components of the device such as the slide bar 19, the limit plate 9, the rotating plate 21 and the tension spring 5 are made of low temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials (see claim 7), ensuring long-term stable operation in a high cold and high humidity environment. At the same time, through the shock absorption design of the tension spring 5 and the rotating plate 21, the camera can buffer vibration in real time during the flight of the drone, reduce the impact of external airflow on the detection accuracy, and further improve the stability of spectral analysis.

[0050] The camera 11 can flexibly adjust its angle through the mounting plate 12, the slide rail 14 and the slider 15, and can adjust its angle according to the changes in the flight altitude and the target area, ensuring that the spectral analysis module is always in the best detection position. The design of the slide rail and the slider ensures smooth adjustment of the camera at different angles, ensuring the accuracy and continuity of the data collection process, thereby achieving real-time detection at multiple angles and multiple areas, and providing comprehensive ecological environment data.

[0051] The mounting plate 12 is fixedly connected to the camera 11 via a fixing plate 20, on which a slide rail 14 and a slider 15 are provided. The slider 15 can slide along the slide rail 14 to adjust the angle of the camera 11. By adjusting the height and angle of the camera 11, its functional module can detect air areas at different heights and directions to obtain environmental parameters of different areas.

[0052] In one embodiment, the slider 15 slides on the slide rail 14 to adjust the angle of the camera 11, thereby ensuring that the camera is always at an optimal shooting or detection angle.

[0053] Precise detection: Flexible adjustment of height and angle enables the functional module of the camera to be accurately aligned with the detection area, providing the ability to detect air areas at different heights and directions, ensuring the accuracy of environmental parameter collection. The camera 11 is fixed to the mounting plate 12 through the fixing plate 20. The cooperation between the slide rail 14 and the slider 15 on the fixing plate 20 allows the camera to be smoothly adjusted between different angles, ensuring that the camera is always aligned with the area to be detected. When the height or detection angle needs to be changed during the flight of the drone, the operator can adjust the angle of the camera by sliding the slider, ensuring that the spectral analysis module can accurately aim at different target areas and capture various environmental data in the plateau environment.

[0054] The limiting plate 9 is provided with a plurality of grooves, along which the slide bar 19 can slide. The grooves are used to limit the sliding range of the slide bar 19 to ensure that the camera 11 remains stable during flight. Through the cooperation between the slide bar 19 and the grooves, the stability of the spectral analysis process of the camera 11 is guaranteed, thereby improving the accuracy of environmental data collection.

[0055] In one embodiment, the slide bar 19 slides along the groove on the limit plate 9, which can effectively limit the sliding range of the camera 11, ensuring the stability of the camera during flight, and will not affect the stability of spectral analysis due to the flight shaking of the drone. The cooperation between the groove and the slide bar ensures the stable position of the camera during operation, thereby providing continuous and stable environmental data collection during flight. The groove on the limit plate 9 is designed to limit the sliding range of the slide bar 19 to prevent the camera from being affected by sudden airflow or turbulence during the flight of the drone. The slide bar slides in the groove through a sliding mechanism to ensure that the longitudinal movement of the camera 11 during shooting or detection is stable, and the stability of data collection will not be affected by excessive shaking.

[0056] The rotating plate 21 can slide inside the limit plate 9 through the sliding rod 19. The inside of the limit plate 9 is detachably connected to the second plug rod 13. The outer wall of the second plug rod 13 is provided with a limit block 17. The outer wall of the second plug rod 13 is provided with a third support plate 18. The third support plate 18 and the second plug rod 13 are used to realize the rotational positioning of the rotating plate 21 to prevent the sliding rod 19 from accidentally moving due to changes in plateau airflow, thereby ensuring that the shooting and detection process of the camera 11 is not disturbed.

[0057] In one embodiment, the second plug rod 13 cooperates with the limit block 17 and the third support plate 18 to ensure the stability of the slide bar 19, prevent the camera from accidentally moving in the harsh plateau airflow, and improve the anti-interference ability of the device. The cooperation of the third support plate and the plug rod provides reliable rotation positioning for the rotating plate 21 of the camera, effectively controls the rotation position of the slide bar and the camera, and enables the camera to always maintain a stable detection state. When the drone flies over the plateau, changes in airflow may cause the device to be unstable. The second plug rod 13 and the limit block 17 play a fixing and supporting role, ensuring that the rotating plate 21 remains stable on the slide bar 19 and preventing the slide bar from accidentally moving due to changes in airflow. The third support plate 18 further helps the rotating plate maintain a stable rotational positioning to ensure that the camera is always aimed at the detection target.

[0058] A limiting horizontal plate is provided between the tension spring 5 and the second connecting rod 6 to limit the maximum compression amount of the tension spring 5 to prevent excessive vibration from affecting the stability of the camera 11 .

[0059] In one embodiment, a limit plate is provided between the tension spring 5 and the second connecting rod 6 to prevent the tension spring from being over-compressed, effectively avoiding instability of the camera due to excessive shock absorption, and ensuring that the tension spring can normally play its shock absorption role when the vibration frequency is high. During the operation of the device, the tension spring 5 plays a shock absorption role, but in some cases, the tension spring may be over-compressed, affecting the stability of the camera. The limit plate limits the compression amplitude of the tension spring, ensuring that its shock absorption effect is within an ideal range, and preventing the camera from affecting the detection quality due to excessive vibration.

[0060] A support mechanism is arranged below the drone 1, and the support mechanism includes a first support plate 4, a second support plate 7 and a third support plate 18 connected by a first connecting rod 3 and a limit plate 9 to form a triangular support structure to enhance the overall stability of the device.

[0061] In one embodiment, a triangular support structure is formed by the first support plate 4, the second support plate 7, the third support plate 18, the connecting rod 3 and the limit plate 9, which provides excellent overall stability for the device and can cope with wind changes and complex terrain in plateau environments. The triangular support structure is the most stable geometric shape in mechanical structures. Through the triangular structure, the device can effectively disperse stress in harsh plateau environments, prevent the device from being affected by airflow or shaking during flight, and thus ensure stable operation of the camera.

[0062] The sliding rod 19, the limit plate 9, the rotating plate 21, the tension spring 5, the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 6 are all made of low-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant materials to ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment in a high-cold and high-humidity plateau environment; the camera 11 and its functional modules also adopt a low-temperature resistant and anti-interference design to ensure its reliability in harsh environments.

[0063] In one embodiment, low-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials can withstand the severe cold and harsh climate in plateau areas, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment. The anti-interference design of the camera reduces the impact of external electromagnetic waves on its detection accuracy, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of plateau ecological environment monitoring.

[0064] A shock-absorbing pad is provided between the camera 11 and the mounting plate 12 to reduce the impact of vibrations generated by the drone 1 during flight on the camera 11 and to improve the stability of shooting and detection.

[0065] In one embodiment, the shock-absorbing pad further reduces the impact of the vibration of the drone during flight on the camera 11, and cooperates with the tension spring 5 to provide a double shock-absorbing effect, ensuring the high stability of the camera during flight, especially maintaining clear shooting and accurate detection under complex airflow conditions on the plateau. The shock-absorbing pad is installed between the camera 11 and the mounting plate 12 to absorb the tiny vibrations generated by the flight when the drone is flying, further reducing the interference of vibration on the camera. In conjunction with the tension spring, the shock-absorbing pad provides additional stability, allowing the camera to continuously collect high-quality data.

[0066] A mounting block 2 is provided under the drone 1, and the mounting block 2 is used to fix the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 6. By adjusting the mounting position of the mounting block 2, the support angle of the bracket 10 can be changed to meet the monitoring requirements under different flight postures.

[0067] In one embodiment, by adjusting the installation position of the mounting block 2, the support angle of the bracket 10 can be changed to adapt to the monitoring requirements of different flight attitudes and target areas, ensuring that the device can maintain good stability in various flight states. The mounting block 2 is used to fix the connecting rod and the bracket. By changing the installation position of the mounting block, the support angle of the entire device can be adjusted to adapt the device to different flight attitudes and mission requirements, providing more flexible operability.

[0068] The camera 11, the mounting plate 12, the mounting block 2 and the bracket 10 all adopt a modular design, and can quickly replace the camera 11 or adjust the equipment configuration according to different monitoring needs to adapt to the diverse monitoring tasks under the plateau ecological environment; the functional module of the camera 11 supports the replacement of different types of optical elements or software algorithms to achieve the detection of specific chemical or biological components.

[0069] In one embodiment, the modular design allows users to replace some or all components of the equipment according to specific mission requirements, such as replacing the optical components of a camera to adapt to different monitoring needs. Users can quickly adjust the equipment configuration, reduce downtime, and improve the adaptability of the equipment to meet the diverse monitoring tasks in the plateau ecological environment.

[0070] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography, characterized by: Acquiring spectral reflectance information of target plants by means of a multispectral camera (11) carried on an unmanned aerial vehicle (1), wherein the multispectral camera (11) is capable of capturing spectral characteristics of plants in multiple electromagnetic bands, thereby achieving high-precision recognition of the physiological state, health status and population distribution of the plants; Based on the collected multispectral data, advanced spectral analysis algorithms are used to accurately calculate the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis efficiency and vegetation coverage of plants, so as to monitor the dynamic changes and evaluate the characteristics of plant populations in plateau ecosystems; In view of the complex and undulating terrain in the plateau area, the drone (1) is equipped with a terrain-simulating flight module to enable the drone (1) to autonomously sense the terrain and adjust the flight altitude in real time, thereby ensuring that the multispectral camera maintains an optimal observation distance with the plant target, so as to obtain high-resolution and high-quality spectral data; Combined with the UAV's (1) autonomous navigation and path planning system, it can autonomously plan the optimal flight path in complex terrain, accurately cover the target ecological area, and ensure the comprehensiveness and continuity of ecological and environmental data; The multispectral images collected in real time are processed and analyzed through the built-in data processing module, and the plant species identification results and dynamic changes in the ecological environment are transmitted to the ground control center, thereby providing accurate data support and decision-making basis for plateau ecological protection, scientific research and environmental management.

2. The plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A bracket (10) is arranged below the drone (1), and a first connecting rod (3) and a second connecting rod (6) are arranged below the drone (1), one end of the first connecting rod (3) is connected to the first support plate (4), and one end of the second connecting rod (6) is connected to the mounting block (2); the first support plate (4) and the second support plate (7) are connected via a transverse plate (16), the interior of the transverse plate (16) is slidably connected to a first plug rod (8), and the transverse plate (16) can slide in a vertical direction along the first support plate (4) to adjust the installation height of the camera (11) to meet the shooting and detection requirements of different terrains of the plateau; The camera (11) is fixed on the composite motion mechanism through the mounting plate (12), and the composite motion mechanism comprises a sliding rod (19), a rotating plate (21) and a tension spring (5); the sliding rod (19) is arranged in a limiting groove on the limiting plate (9) through a sliding connection to achieve longitudinal movement, and the limiting plate (9) rotates on the second supporting plate (7); the rotating plate (21) is arranged on the sliding rod (19) and can rotate around the sliding rod (19); one end of the tension spring (5) is connected to the rotating plate (21), and the dynamic shock absorption and stabilization of the camera (11) are achieved through the elastic force of the tension spring (5); The camera (11) integrates a functional module for plateau ecological environment monitoring, and utilizes the optical system of the camera (11) to perform spectral analysis on specific substances in the air, detect chemical or biological components in the environment, and provide ecological environment monitoring data; The mounting plate (12) is fixedly connected to the camera (11) via a fixing plate (20); a slide rail (14) and a slider (15) are provided on the fixing plate (20); the slider (15) can slide along the slide rail (14) to achieve angle adjustment of the camera (11); by adjusting the height and angle of the camera (11), its functional module can detect air areas at different heights and directions, and obtain environmental parameters of different areas.

3. The plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The limiting plate (9) is provided with a plurality of grooves, along which the slide bar (19) can slide, and the grooves are used to limit the sliding range of the slide bar (19) to ensure that the camera (11) remains stable during flight; through the cooperation between the slide bar (19) and the grooves, the stability of the spectral analysis process of the camera (11) is ensured.

4. The plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The rotating plate (21) can slide inside the limiting plate (9) through the sliding rod (19); the limiting plate (9) is detachably connected to the inside of the second plug rod (13); the outer wall of the second plug rod (13) is provided with a limiting block (17); the outer wall of the second plug rod (13) is provided with a third support plate (18); the third support plate (18) and the second plug rod (13) are used to realize the rotation positioning of the rotating plate (21), prevent the sliding rod (19) from accidentally moving due to changes in plateau airflow, and ensure that the shooting and detection process of the camera (11) is not disturbed.

5. The plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A limiting horizontal plate is provided between the tension spring (5) and the second connecting rod (6) to limit the maximum compression amount of the tension spring (5) and prevent excessive vibration from affecting the stability of the camera (11).

6. The plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A support mechanism is arranged below the drone (1), wherein the support mechanism comprises a first support plate (4), a second support plate (7) and a third support plate (18), which are connected via a first connecting rod (3) and a limiting plate (9) to form a triangular support structure, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the device.

7. The plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The sliding rod (19), the limiting plate (9), the rotating plate (21), the tension spring (5), the first connecting rod (3) and the second connecting rod (6) are all made of low-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant materials to ensure that the equipment can operate stably for a long time in a high-cold and high-humidity plateau environment; the camera (11) and its functional modules also adopt a low-temperature resistant and anti-interference design to ensure their reliability in harsh environments.

8. The plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A shock-absorbing pad is provided between the camera (11) and the mounting plate (12) to reduce the impact of vibrations generated by the drone (1) during flight on the camera (11).

9. The plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography according to claim 8 is characterized in that: A mounting block (2) is provided under the drone (1), and the mounting block (2) is used to fix the first connecting rod (3) and the second connecting rod (6). By adjusting the mounting position of the mounting block (2), the support angle of the bracket (10) can be changed to meet the monitoring requirements under different flight postures.

10. The plateau ecological environment monitoring device based on drone photography according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The camera (11), the mounting plate (12), the mounting block (2) and the bracket (10) are all modularly designed, and the camera (11) can be quickly replaced or the equipment configuration can be adjusted according to different monitoring requirements to adapt to the diverse monitoring tasks under the plateau ecological environment; the functional module of the camera (11) supports the replacement of different types of optical elements or software algorithms to achieve the detection of specific chemical or biological components.

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