Multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste and inferior tobacco leaves as well as preparation method and application of multi-effect soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a multiple-effect soil conditioner based on waste and inferior tobacco leaves and a preparation method and application of the multiple-effect soil conditioner based on the waste and inferior tobacco leaves. 24-28% of mushroom residue; 24-28% of tea seed shells; 10-15% of pig manure; the preparation method comprises the following steps: collecting raw materials including waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure, detecting and proportioning the raw materials, adding the bacillus subtilis into the raw materials, uniformly mixing, fermenting for thirty days, turning once every ten days during fermentation, and detecting again to obtain the multi-effect soil conditioner. The soil conditioner is applied to the ploughed farmland according to 100 kg / mu to 150 kg / mu and covered with soil, then the farmland covered with the soil is ploughed by 8 cm to 12 cm, flue-cured tobaccos are planted, and the conditioner can achieve the effects of improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, promoting the growth and development of the tobaccos, improving the yield and quality of the tobacco leaves and enhancing the stress resistance of the tobaccos.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil conditioners are also called soil improvers and repair agents. Their function is to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, promote crop nutrient absorption, and reduce crop diseases. For different soils and crops, the physical and chemical indicators that need to be improved and the nutrient promotion requirements are different.

[0004] Soil conditioners are a good method for improving soil quality in crop production. The traditional method of improving soil pH is to apply alkaline substances such as quicklime, wood ash, and dolomite powder, which can neutralize the active acid and exchangeable acid in the soil, but the nutrient structure is unbalanced, which can easily cause problems such as soil compaction and soil flora imbalance. Many soil conditioners on the current market have problems such as complex material sources, high cost prices, and insufficient crop specificity. Therefore, seeking a soil conditioner that can effectively improve tobacco fields and is low-cost is of great significance for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves and a preparation method and application thereof, which has the advantages of being able to effectively improve tobacco fields and being low-cost, and solves the problems of many soil conditioners currently on the market, such as complex material sources, high costs and insufficient crop specificity.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical scheme: a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves, wherein the raw materials of the conditioner and their mass percentages are: 26-30% of waste tobacco leaves; 24-28% of mushroom residues; 24-28% of tea seed shells; 10-15% of pig manure; and 1-2% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0009] Preferably, the conditioning agent is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of waste tobacco leaves, 27% of mushroom residues, 26% of tea seed shells, 15% of pig manure and 2% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0010] Preferably, the conditioning agent is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 28% of waste tobacco leaves, 28% of mushroom residues, 28% of tea seed shells, 15% of pig manure and 1% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0011] Preferably, a method for preparing a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves is prepared according to the raw materials and mass percentages of the above-mentioned multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Raw material collection: Collect waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure;

[0013] Step 2: Preliminary testing of raw materials: testing the nutrients, heavy metal content and organic matter content of the collected waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure;

[0014] Step 3: Raw material ratio: After the content is tested to be up to standard, weigh the raw materials according to the formula mass percentage;

[0015] Step 4: Fermentation: Add Bacillus subtilis, mix well, and ferment for 30 days, turning the pile every 10 days;

[0016] Step 5. Finished product maturity test: After fermentation is completed, maturity test is carried out again. After passing the test, the finished multi-effect soil conditioner is obtained.

[0017] Preferably, in step 2, the nitrogen content in the waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure detected is ≥0.8%; the phosphorus content is ≥0.5%; the potassium content is ≥0.3%; the heavy metal content is 0.00%; and the organic matter content is ≥20%, which means that the raw materials meet the preliminary detection standards.

[0018] Preferably, in step 4, Bacillus subtilis is added before mixing, and Bacillus subtilis secretes proteins outside the cell to produce amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase.

[0019] Preferably, the fermentation conditions from the first day to the tenth day of fermentation in step 4 are: the temperature is controlled at 32-39°C, the humidity is maintained at 65-70%, and the compost is turned once after the first ten days; the fermentation conditions from the eleventh day to the twentieth day of fermentation are: the temperature is controlled at 28-32°C, the humidity is maintained at 60-70%, and the compost is turned once after the second ten days; the fermentation conditions from the twenty-first day to the thirtieth day of fermentation are: the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C, the humidity is maintained at 50-55%, and the compost is turned and mixed after the third ten days.

[0020] Preferably, the finished product maturity test in step 5 includes microbial activity, nutrient content, organic matter content and heavy metal content detection, and the qualified standard for the maturity test of the conditioning agent finished product is: effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2×10 7 CFU / g; total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) (on dry basis) ≥5.0%; organic matter (on dry basis) ≥30%; moisture (fresh sample) ≤30%; heavy metal content = 0%.

[0021] Preferably, a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves is used. The conditioner prepared according to the above preparation method is used to improve the physical and chemical properties of tobacco soil, promote tobacco growth and development, improve tobacco leaf yield and quality, and enhance tobacco stress resistance.

[0022] Preferably, the conditioner is used in the following process: after plowing the 20-25 cm surface soil of the farmland to be fertilized, the soil conditioner is applied to the plowed farmland at a rate of 100 kg / mu-150 kg / mu and the soil is covered; the covered farmland is then plowed to a depth of 8-12 cm and tobacco is planted.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves and a preparation method and application thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The multi-effect soil conditioner of the present invention comprises waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells, pig manure and Bacillus subtilis, wherein the waste tobacco leaves are rich in nicotine, which can increase the pH value of the soil and reduce tobacco root diseases; the waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues and tea seed shells can improve the physical properties of the soil, including soil aggregate structure, soil water retention and looseness; Bacillus subtilis can improve the diversity of soil microorganisms, antagonize and inhibit pathogens. The above-mentioned multi-effect soil conditioner can comprehensively improve soil properties, improve soil fertility level, reduce tobacco root diseases and increase the aroma quality and aroma quantity of tobacco leaves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A flow chart was prepared for the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] See also Figure 1 A multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves. The raw materials of the conditioner and their mass percentages are: 26-30% of waste tobacco leaves; 24-28% of mushroom residues; 24-28% of tea seed shells; 10-15% of pig manure; and 1-2% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0028] A method for preparing a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves is prepared according to the raw materials and mass percentages of the above-mentioned multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves, comprising the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Raw material collection: Collect waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure;

[0030] The advantages are: by using waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure as raw materials, agricultural and industrial by-conditioners that are usually discarded or underutilized are converted into soil conditioners, thereby achieving effective recycling of resources and reducing the burden of waste on the environment. At the same time, the above raw materials are widely available and low in cost, which can achieve the purpose of reducing the overall production cost.

[0031] Step 2: Preliminary testing of raw materials: testing the nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), heavy metal content and organic matter content in the collected waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure;

[0032] The advantages are: preliminary testing of raw materials can ensure that the quality of the raw materials used meets the requirements, avoid contamination by harmful substances such as heavy metals, and ensure the safety of the final conditioner. Through the testing of nutritional components, the basic characteristics of the raw materials can also be understood, providing a basis for subsequent formula adjustments.

[0033] Step 3: Raw material ratio: After the content is tested to be up to standard, weigh the raw materials according to the formula mass percentage;

[0034] The advantages are: through the raw material ratio, the stability of the final conditioner effect can be ensured. Reasonable raw material ratio helps to give full play to the advantages of various raw materials, such as the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of waste tobacco leaves, the organic matter content of mushroom residues and tea seed shells, so as to achieve the best soil improvement effect.

[0035] Step 4: Fermentation: Add Bacillus subtilis, mix well, and ferment for 30 days, turning the pile every 10 days;

[0036] The advantages are: by adding a suitable proportion of Bacillus subtilis for fermentation, amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase are produced, which can decompose organic matter and release nutrients that can be absorbed by plants. At the same time, it can also inhibit pathogens in the soil and improve the health of the soil. The heat generated during the fermentation process can kill harmful organisms in the raw materials and ensure the safety of the conditioner. Regular turning of the pile helps to ensure uniform fermentation and improve fermentation efficiency.

[0037] Step 5. Finished product maturity test: After fermentation is completed, maturity test is carried out again. After passing the test, the finished multi-effect soil conditioner is obtained.

[0038] The advantage is that maturity testing helps to ensure the quality of the conditioner. This step is also one of the most important quality control points in the entire conditioner production process, ensuring that each batch of conditioner meets the established standards.

[0039] Specifically, in step 2, if the nitrogen content in waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure is ≥0.8%; the phosphorus content is ≥0.5%; the potassium content is ≥0.3%; the heavy metal content is 0.00% and the organic matter content is ≥20%, then the raw materials are initially tested and meet the standards. By setting clear standards for nutrient composition and heavy metal content, high-quality raw materials that meet the requirements can be screened out, thereby ensuring the quality of soil conditioners and helping to avoid the use of unqualified or low-quality raw materials.

[0040] Specifically, in step 4, Bacillus subtilis is added before mixing, and Bacillus subtilis secretes proteins outside the cell to produce amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase.

[0041] Specifically, the fermentation conditions from the first day to the tenth day of fermentation in step 4 are: the temperature is controlled at 32-39°C, the humidity is maintained at 65-70%, and the pile is turned once after the first ten days; the fermentation conditions from the eleventh day to the twentieth day of fermentation are: the temperature is controlled at 28-32°C, the humidity is maintained at 60-70%, and the pile is turned once after the second ten days; the fermentation conditions from the twenty-first day to the thirtieth day of fermentation are: the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C, the humidity is maintained at 50-55%, and the pile is turned and mixed after the third ten days.

[0042] The advantages are: by adjusting the temperature and humidity at different stages, a more suitable growth environment can be created for Bacillus subtilis and other microorganisms. In the early stage of fermentation, a higher temperature (32-39°C) helps to start the rapid reproduction and metabolic activities of microorganisms; as the fermentation proceeds, gradually lowering the temperature (to 25-28°C) is conducive to the further decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, while also reducing energy consumption. This staged temperature control strategy can maximize the activity of microorganisms, improve fermentation efficiency, and ultimately improve the finished product effect of the conditioner.

[0043] Specifically, the finished product maturity test in step 5 includes microbial activity, nutrient content, organic matter content and heavy metal content. The qualified standard for the maturity test of the conditioner finished product is: the number of effective live bacteria ≥ 2×10 7 CFU / g; total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) (on a dry basis) ≥5.0%; organic matter (on a dry basis) ≥30%; moisture (fresh sample) ≤30%; heavy metal content = 0%. By setting specific qualification standards, we can ensure that each batch of soil conditioners meets the expected quality requirements.

[0044] The invention discloses an application of a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves. The conditioner prepared according to the above preparation method is used to improve the physical and chemical properties of tobacco soil, promote tobacco growth and development, increase tobacco leaf yield and quality, and enhance tobacco stress resistance.

[0045] Specifically, the use process of the conditioner is as follows: after plowing the 20-25cm surface soil of the farmland to be fertilized, the above-mentioned soil conditioner is applied to the plowed farmland at 100kg / mu-150kg / mu and covered with soil, and then the covered farmland is plowed 8-12cm and tobacco is planted.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A multi-effect soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of waste tobacco leaves, 27% of mushroom residues, 26% of tea seed shells, 15% of pig manure and 2% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0048] A preparation method of a multi-effect soil conditioner comprises the following steps: weighing each component according to the mass percentage, testing the weighed waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure, proportioning, adding Bacillus subtilis, mixing, and fermenting for thirty days, turning the pile every ten days, and then testing to obtain the multi-effect soil conditioner.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A multi-effect soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 28% of waste tobacco leaves, 28% of mushroom residues, 28% of tea seed shells, 15% of pig manure and 1% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0051] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] A multi-effect soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 46% of mushroom residue, 39% of tea seed shell, 14% of pig manure and 1% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0054] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] A multi-effect soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of waste tobacco leaves, 28% of mushroom residues, 30% of tea seed shells and 12% of pig manure.

[0057] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] A multi-effect soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 29% of waste tobacco leaves, 48% of mushroom residues, 21.5% of pig manure and 1.5% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0060] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0061] Application of the finished multi-effect soil conditioner prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples in tobacco planting:

[0062] The soil conditioners prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were applied at Fangyuan Tobacco Leaf Experimental Base of a tobacco company. 100 kg of soil conditioners were applied per mu in the Examples and Comparative Examples, and the control group planted Xiangyan No. 6 tobacco seedlings according to the local fertilization method. Random arrangement was adopted, and a total of 6 treatments, 3 repetitions, and 18 plots were set up, and tobacco seedlings were planted according to the local planting method. The soil pH value was determined by the potentiometric method (soil-water ratio 1:2.5). The agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings were measured by measuring the plant height, effective leaf number, maximum leaf length, and maximum leaf width of each group of tobacco seedlings between the tobacco seedling cluster stage and the vigorous growth stage. In the late vigorous growth stage of tobacco seedlings, the tobacco seedling aphid index reflecting insect pests was statistically calculated according to the national standard GB / T 23222-2008 "Grading and Investigation Methods of Tobacco Pests and Diseases", and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0063] Aphid index = [∑ (number of leaves at each level × value of that level) / (total number of plants or leaves surveyed × highest level value)] × 100

[0064] The results are shown in Table 1, as follows:

[0065] Table 1 Soil pH and agronomic characteristics of tobacco seedlings in different experimental treatment groups

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Note: The data are the average of 3 replicates, and different letters represent significant differences between different treatments of the same trait at the p<0.05 level.

[0069] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the soil pH of Examples 1 to 2 is improved to varying degrees, the number of effective leaves and the maximum leaf width of the tobacco seedlings are significantly increased, the aphid index reflecting the disease is significantly reduced, and the plant height and the maximum leaf length also tend to increase; compared with the control group, the soil pH is significantly improved, the plant height, the number of effective leaves, the maximum leaf length, and the maximum leaf width of the tobacco seedlings are significantly increased or increased, and the aphid index is significantly reduced, indicating that the multi-effect soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can effectively increase soil pH, reduce soil acidification, promote tobacco plant growth, and reduce the occurrence of tobacco root diseases.

[0070] Combining the above data and analysis results, it is obtained that the raw materials of the multi-effect soil conditioner of the present invention include waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells, pig manure and Bacillus subtilis. Among them, waste tobacco leaves are rich in nicotine, which can increase the pH value of the soil and reduce tobacco root diseases; waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues and tea seed shells can improve the physical properties of the soil, including soil aggregate structure, soil water retention and looseness; Bacillus subtilis can improve the diversity of soil microorganisms, antagonize and inhibit pathogens. The above multi-effect soil conditioner can comprehensively improve soil properties, improve soil fertility levels, reduce tobacco root diseases and increase the aroma quality and aroma quantity of tobacco leaves.

[0071] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves, characterized in that: The raw materials of the conditioning agent and their mass percentages are: 26-30% of waste tobacco leaves; 24-28% of mushroom residues; 24-28% of tea seed shells; 10-15% of pig manure; and 1-2% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

2. The multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditioning agent is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of waste tobacco leaves, 27% of mushroom residues, 26% of tea seed shells, 15% of pig manure and 2% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

3. The multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditioning agent is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 28% of waste tobacco leaves, 28% of mushroom residues, 28% of tea seed shells, 15% of pig manure and 1% of Bacillus subtilis powder.

4. A method for preparing a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves, characterized in that: The raw materials and mass percentage of the multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves according to claim 1 are prepared, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Raw material collection: Collect waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure; Step 2: Preliminary testing of raw materials: testing the nutrients, heavy metal content and organic matter content of the collected waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure; Step 3: Raw material ratio: After the content is tested to be up to standard, weigh the raw materials according to the formula mass percentage; Step 4: Fermentation: Add Bacillus subtilis, mix well, and ferment for 30 days, turning the pile every 10 days; Step 5. Finished product maturity test: After fermentation is completed, maturity test is carried out again. After passing the test, the finished multi-effect soil conditioner is obtained.

5. The method for preparing a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 2, if the nitrogen content in the waste tobacco leaves, mushroom residues, tea seed shells and pig manure is ≥0.8%, the phosphorus content is ≥0.5%, the potassium content is ≥0.3%, the heavy metal content is 0.00%, and the organic matter content is ≥20%, then the raw materials are initially tested to meet the standards.

6. The method for preparing a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 4, Bacillus subtilis is added before mixing, and Bacillus subtilis secretes proteins outside the cell to produce amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase.

7. The method for preparing a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 4, the fermentation conditions from the first day to the tenth day of fermentation are: the temperature is controlled at 32-39°C, the humidity is maintained at 65-70%, and the compost is turned once after the first ten days; the fermentation conditions from the eleventh day to the twentieth day of fermentation are: the temperature is controlled at 28-32°C, the humidity is maintained at 60-70%, and the compost is turned once after the second ten days; the fermentation conditions from the twenty-first day to the thirtieth day of fermentation are: the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C, the humidity is maintained at 50-55%, and the compost is turned and mixed after the third ten days.

8. The method for preparing a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves according to claim 4, characterized in that: The finished product maturity test in step 5 includes microbial activity, nutrient content, organic matter content and heavy metal content. The qualified standard for the maturity test of the conditioning agent finished product is: effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2×10 7 CFU / g; total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) (on dry basis) ≥5.0%; organic matter (on dry basis) ≥30%; moisture (fresh sample) ≤30%; heavy metal content = 0%.

9. An application of a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco, characterized in that: The conditioner prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4 is used to improve the physical and chemical properties of tobacco soil, promote tobacco growth and development, increase tobacco leaf yield and quality, and enhance tobacco stress resistance.

10. The use of a multi-effect soil conditioner based on waste tobacco leaves according to claim 9, characterized in that: The process of using the conditioner is as follows: after plowing the 20-25cm surface soil of the farmland to be fertilized, the soil conditioner is applied to the plowed farmland at 100kg / mu-150kg / mu and covered with soil, and then the covered farmland is plowed 8-12cm and tobacco is planted.

Images